메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 160-171

Antioxidants: The new frontier for translational research in cerebroprotection

Author keywords

Antioxidants; cerebroprotection; neuro anesthesiology; neurocritical care

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; ASCORBIC ACID; BETA CAROTENE; CATALASE; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DEFEROXAMINE; DEFEROXAMINE MESYLATE; DISUFENTON SODIUM; EBSELEN; FLAVANOID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; LUTEOLIN; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; MELATONIN; MINOCYCLINE; NITRONE DERIVATIVE; NORPHENAZONE; PLACEBO; PROTEIN P47; QUERCETIN; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE; SELENIUM; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; THIOCTIC ACID; TRACE ELEMENT; UBIDECARENONE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 84898991247     PISSN: 09709185     EISSN: 22312730     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.130001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (130)
  • 1
    • 84864195184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free radical scavengers in anaesthesiology and critical care
    • Hatwalne MS. Free radical scavengers in anaesthesiology and critical care. Indian J Anaesth 2012;56:227-33.
    • (2012) Indian J Anaesth , vol.56 , pp. 227-233
    • Hatwalne, M.S.1
  • 2
    • 0034852789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidants in critical care medicine
    • Coleman NA. Antioxidants in critical care medicine. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2001;10:183-8.
    • (2001) Environ Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 183-188
    • Coleman, N.A.1
  • 3
    • 79960995847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sweet and sour-oxidative and carbonyl stress in neurological disorders
    • Harris RA, Amor S. Sweet and sour-oxidative and carbonyl stress in neurological disorders. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2011;10:82-107.
    • (2011) CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets , vol.10 , pp. 82-107
    • Harris, R.A.1    Amor, S.2
  • 4
    • 84856587880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant strategies in neurocritical care
    • Hanafy KA, Selim MH. Antioxidant strategies in neurocritical care. Neurotherapeutics 2012;9:44-55.
    • (2012) Neurotherapeutics , vol.9 , pp. 44-55
    • Hanafy, K.A.1    Selim, M.H.2
  • 6
    • 79960090349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant protection: A promising therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disease
    • Ghosh N, Ghosh R, Mandal SC. Antioxidant protection: A promising therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disease. Free Radic Res 2011;45:888-905.
    • (2011) Free Radic Res , vol.45 , pp. 888-905
    • Ghosh, N.1    Ghosh, R.2    Mandal, S.C.3
  • 7
    • 0027410037 scopus 로고
    • Tissue perfusion in critical illnesses, Antioxidant therapy
    • Schiller HJ, Reilly PM, Bulkley GB. Tissue perfusion in critical illnesses. Antioxidant therapy. Crit Care Med 1993;21(2 Suppl):S92-102.
    • (1993) Crit Care Med , vol.21 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Schiller, H.J.1    Reilly, P.M.2    Bulkley, G.B.3
  • 8
    • 0027177490 scopus 로고
    • An introduction to free radical biochemistry
    • Cheeseman KH, Slater TF. An introduction to free radical biochemistry. Br Med Bull 1993;49:481-93.
    • (1993) Br Med Bull , vol.49 , pp. 481-493
    • Cheeseman, K.H.1    Slater, T.F.2
  • 9
    • 0025973703 scopus 로고
    • Chemical determination of free radical-induced damage to DNA
    • Dizdaroglu M. Chemical determination of free radical-induced damage to DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 1991;10:225-42.
    • (1991) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.10 , pp. 225-242
    • Dizdaroglu, M.1
  • 10
    • 0029916746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of nitric oxide in sepsis and ARDS: Synopsis of a roundtable conference held in Brussels on 18-20 March 1995
    • Fink MP, Payen D. the role of nitric oxide in sepsis and ARDS: Synopsis of a roundtable conference held in Brussels on 18-20 March 1995. Intensive Care Med 1996;22:158-65.
    • (1996) Intensive Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 158-165
    • Fink, M.P.1    Payen, D.2
  • 11
    • 0029180533 scopus 로고
    • Free radicals and antioxidants in food and in vivo: What they do and how they work
    • Halliwell B, Murcia MA, Chirico S, Aruoma OI. Free radicals and antioxidants in food and in vivo: What they do and how they work. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1995;35:7-20.
    • (1995) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr , vol.35 , pp. 7-20
    • Halliwell, B.1    Murcia, M.A.2    Chirico, S.3    Aruoma, O.I.4
  • 12
    • 0037432615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple pathways of peroxynitrite cytotoxicity
    • Szabó C. Multiple pathways of peroxynitrite cytotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2003;140-141:105-12.
    • (2003) Toxicol Lett , vol.140-141 , pp. 105-112
    • Szabó, C.1
  • 13
    • 0005781231 scopus 로고
    • The phagocytes and the respiratory burst
    • Sies H, editor, San Diego: Academic Press;
    • Baggiolini M, Thelen M. The phagocytes and the respiratory burst. In: Sies H, editor. Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants. San Diego: Academic Press; 1991. p. 399-420.
    • (1991) Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants , pp. 399-420
    • Baggiolini, M.1    Thelen, M.2
  • 15
    • 3042744558 scopus 로고
    • Cellular injury by oxidants
    • Cochrane CG. Cellular injury by oxidants. Am J Med 1991;91:23-30S.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91
    • Cochrane, C.G.1
  • 16
    • 0026636441 scopus 로고
    • Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: Where are we now?
    • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM, Cross CE. Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: Where are we now? J Lab Clin Med 1992;119:598-620.
    • (1992) J Lab Clin Med , vol.119 , pp. 598-620
    • Halliwell, B.1    Gutteridge, J.M.2    Cross, C.E.3
  • 17
    • 0027163297 scopus 로고
    • Prospects of treatment of free radical-mediated tissue injury
    • Rangan U, BulkleyGB. Prospects of treatment of free radical-mediated tissue injury. Br Med Bull 1993;49:700-18.
    • (1993) Br Med Bull , vol.49 , pp. 700-718
    • Rangan, U.1    Bulkley, G.B.2
  • 18
    • 24644459735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of lipophilic antioxidant vitamins in acute ischemic stroke patients: Correlation to inflammation markers and neurological deficits
    • Chang CY, Chen JY, Ke D, Hu ML. Plasma levels of lipophilic antioxidant vitamins in acute ischemic stroke patients: Correlation to inflammation markers and neurological deficits. Nutrition 2005;21:987-93.
    • (2005) Nutrition , vol.21 , pp. 987-993
    • Chang, C.Y.1    Chen, J.Y.2    Ke, D.3    Hu, M.L.4
  • 20
    • 10844280686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria and neuronal death/survival signalling pathways in cerebral ischemia
    • Chan PH. Mitochondria and neuronal death/survival signalling pathways in cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Res 2004;29:1943-9.
    • (2004) Neurochem Res , vol.29 , pp. 1943-1949
    • Chan, P.H.1
  • 21
    • 0036120064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain edema after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: Role of haemoglobin degradation products
    • Huang FP, Xi G, Keep RF, Hua Y, Nemoianu A, Hoff JT. Brain edema after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: Role of haemoglobin degradation products. J Neurosurg 2002;96:287-93.
    • (2002) J Neurosurg , vol.96 , pp. 287-293
    • Huang, F.P.1    Xi, G.2    Keep, R.F.3    Hua, Y.4    Nemoianu, A.5    Hoff, J.T.6
  • 22
    • 0037716283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemin induces an iron-dependent, oxidative injury to human neuron like cells
    • Goldstein L, Teng ZP, Zeserson E, Patel M, Regan RF. Hemin induces an iron-dependent, oxidative injury to human neuron like cells. J Neurosci Res 2003;73:113-21.
    • (2003) J Neurosci Res , vol.73 , pp. 113-121
    • Goldstein, L.1    Teng, Z.P.2    Zeserson, E.3    Patel, M.4    Regan, R.F.5
  • 23
    • 0035070974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma vitamin C levels are decreased and correlated with brain damage in patients with intracranial hemorrhage or head trauma
    • Polidori MC, Mecocci P, Frei B. Plasma vitamin C levels are decreased and correlated with brain damage in patients with intracranial hemorrhage or head trauma. Stroke 2001;32:898-902.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 898-902
    • Polidori, M.C.1    Mecocci, P.2    Frei, B.3
  • 24
    • 79960341939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOE genotype and extent of bleeding and outcome in lobar intracerebral haemorrhage: A genetic association study
    • Biffi A, Anderson CD, Jagiella JM, Schmidt H, Kissela B, Hansen BM, et al. APOE genotype and extent of bleeding and outcome in lobar intracerebral haemorrhage: A genetic association study. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:702-9.
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 702-709
    • Biffi, A.1    Anderson, C.D.2    Jagiella, J.M.3    Schmidt, H.4    Kissela, B.5    Hansen, B.M.6
  • 25
    • 84860884019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The apoE-mimetic peptide, COG1410, improves functional recovery in a murine model of intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Laskowitz DT, Lei B, Dawson HN, Wang H, Bellows ST, Christensen DJ, et al. The apoE-mimetic peptide, COG1410, improves functional recovery in a murine model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2011;16:316-26.
    • (2011) Neurocrit Care , vol.16 , pp. 316-326
    • Laskowitz, D.T.1    Lei, B.2    Dawson, H.N.3    Wang, H.4    Bellows, S.T.5    Christensen, D.J.6
  • 26
    • 67649854120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species modulate growth of cerebral aneurysms: A study using the free radical scavenger edaravone and p47phox(-/-) mice
    • Aoki T, Nishimura M, Kataoka H, Ishibashi R, Nozaki K, Hashimoto N. Reactive oxygen species modulate growth of cerebral aneurysms: A study using the free radical scavenger edaravone and p47phox(-/-) mice. Lab Invest 2009;89:730-41.
    • (2009) Lab Invest , vol.89 , pp. 730-741
    • Aoki, T.1    Nishimura, M.2    Kataoka, H.3    Ishibashi, R.4    Nozaki, K.5    Hashimoto, N.6
  • 27
    • 76849084850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha lipoic acid alleviates oxidative stress and preserves blood brain permeability in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Erahin M, Toklu HZ, Cetinel S, Yüksel M, Erzik C, Berkman MZ, et al. Alpha lipoic acid alleviates oxidative stress and preserves blood brain permeability in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurochem Res 2010;35:418-28.
    • (2010) Neurochem Res , vol.35 , pp. 418-428
    • Erahin, M.1    Toklu, H.Z.2    Cetinel, S.3    Yüksel, M.4    Erzik, C.5    Berkman, M.Z.6
  • 28
    • 0022628380 scopus 로고
    • Superoxide production in experimental brain injury
    • Kontos HA, Wei EP. Superoxide production in experimental brain injury. J Neurosurg 1986;64:803-7.
    • (1986) J Neurosurg , vol.64 , pp. 803-807
    • Kontos, H.A.1    Wei, E.P.2
  • 29
    • 79951937638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved behavioral outcomes after progesterone administration in aged male rats with traumatic brain injury
    • Wali B, Sayeed I, Stein DG. Improved behavioral outcomes after progesterone administration in aged male rats with traumatic brain injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2011;29:61-71.
    • (2011) Restor Neurol Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 61-71
    • Wali, B.1    Sayeed, I.2    Stein, D.G.3
  • 30
    • 0030855406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone protects against lipid peroxidation following traumatic brain injury in rats
    • Roof RL, Hoffman SW, Stein DG. Progesterone protects against lipid peroxidation following traumatic brain injury in rats. Mol Chem Neuropathol 1997;31:1-11.
    • (1997) Mol Chem Neuropathol , vol.31 , pp. 1-11
    • Roof, R.L.1    Hoffman, S.W.2    Stein, D.G.3
  • 32
    • 0028172930 scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein e in animal models of CNS injury and in Alzheimer's disease
    • Poirier J. Apolipoprotein E in animal models of CNS injury and in Alzheimer's disease. Trends Neurosci 1994;17:525-30.
    • (1994) Trends Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 525-530
    • Poirier, J.1
  • 33
    • 34547104209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel apolipoprotein E-based peptide COG1410 improves sensorimotor performance and reduces injury magnitude following cortical contusion injury
    • Hoane MR, Pierce JL, Holland MA, Birky ND, Dang T, Vitek MP, et al. The novel apolipoprotein E-based peptide COG1410 improves sensorimotor performance and reduces injury magnitude following cortical contusion injury. J Neurotrauma 2007;24:1108-18.
    • (2007) J Neurotrauma , vol.24 , pp. 1108-1118
    • Hoane, M.R.1    Pierce, J.L.2    Holland, M.A.3    Birky, N.D.4    Dang, T.5    Vitek, M.P.6
  • 35
    • 0029798873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin e in humans: Demand and delivery
    • Traber MG, Sies H. Vitamin E in humans: Demand and delivery. Annu Rev Nutr 1996;16:321-47.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.16 , pp. 321-347
    • Traber, M.G.1    Sies, H.2
  • 36
    • 0023689064 scopus 로고
    • Physiological antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes in vitamin E-deficient rats
    • De AK, Darad R. Physiological antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes in vitamin E-deficient rats. Toxicol Lett 1988;44:47-54.
    • (1988) Toxicol Lett , vol.44 , pp. 47-54
    • De Ak1    Darad, R.2
  • 37
    • 0027327373 scopus 로고
    • Biology of free radical scavengers: An evaluation of Ascorbate
    • Rose RC, Bote AM. Biology of free radical scavengers: An evaluation of Ascorbate. FASEB J 1993;7:1135-42.
    • (1993) FASEB J , vol.7 , pp. 1135-1142
    • Rose, R.C.1    Bote, A.M.2
  • 38
    • 0027752876 scopus 로고
    • Partners in defense. Vitamin e and vitamin C
    • Chan AC. Partners in defense. Vitamin E and vitamin C. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1993;7:725-31.
    • (1993) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 725-731
    • Chan, A.C.1
  • 39
    • 78149255992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin B12: The forgotten micronutrient for critical care
    • Manzanares W, Hardy G. Vitamin B12: The forgotten micronutrient for critical care. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010;13:662-8.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.13 , pp. 662-668
    • Manzanares, W.1    Hardy, G.2
  • 40
    • 4143142181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in enteral feeding in critically ill patients: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial
    • Crimi E, Liguori A, Condorelli M, Cioffi M, Astuto M, Bontempo P, et al. The beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in enteral feeding in critically ill patients: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2004;99:857-63.
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.99 , pp. 857-863
    • Crimi, E.1    Liguori, A.2    Condorelli, M.3    Cioffi, M.4    Astuto, M.5    Bontempo, P.6
  • 42
    • 79953200838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of glutamine, selenium, or both, to supplement parenteral nutrition for critically ill patients
    • Scottish Intensive Care Glutamine or Selenium Evaluative Trial Trials Group
    • Andrews PJ, Avenell A, Noble DW, Campbell MK, Croal BL, Simpson WG, et al. Scottish Intensive Care Glutamine or Selenium Evaluative Trial Trials Group. Randomised trial of glutamine, selenium, or both, to supplement parenteral nutrition for critically ill patients. BMJ 2011;342:d1542.
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.342
    • Andrews, P.J.1    Avenell, A.2    Noble, D.W.3    Campbell, M.K.4    Croal, B.L.5    Simpson, W.G.6
  • 43
    • 15344344426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant nutrients: A systematic review of trace elements and vitamins in the critically ill patient
    • Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Suchner U, Berger MM. Antioxidant nutrients: A systematic review of trace elements and vitamins in the critically ill patient. Intensive Care Med 2005;31:327-37.
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 327-337
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Dhaliwal, R.2    Suchner, U.3    Berger, M.M.4
  • 45
    • 0034194081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ascorbate regulation and its neuroprotective role in the brain
    • Rice ME. Ascorbate regulation and its neuroprotective role in the brain. Trends Neurosci 2000;23:209-16.
    • (2000) Trends Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 209-216
    • Rice, M.E.1
  • 46
    • 0029042393 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinon function
    • Ernster L, Dallner G. Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinon function. Biochem Biophys Acta 1995;127:195-204.
    • (1995) Biochem Biophys Acta , vol.127 , pp. 195-204
    • Ernster, L.1    Dallner, G.2
  • 48
    • 0022645895 scopus 로고
    • Survival effect of coenzyme Q10, and naloxone on experimental stroke
    • Ogawa N, Tsukamoto S, Hirose Y, Kuroda H. Survival effect of coenzyme Q10, and naloxone on experimental stroke. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1986;24:315-7.
    • (1986) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.24 , pp. 315-317
    • Ogawa, N.1    Tsukamoto, S.2    Hirose, Y.3    Kuroda, H.4
  • 49
    • 0031255803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral coenzyme Q10 administration prevents the development of ischemic brain lesions in rabbit model of symptomatic vasospasm
    • Grieb P, Ryba MS, Sawicki J, Chrapusta SJ. Oral coenzyme Q10 administration prevents the development of ischemic brain lesions in rabbit model of symptomatic vasospasm. Acta Neuropathol 1997;94:363-8.
    • (1997) Acta Neuropathol , vol.94 , pp. 363-368
    • Grieb, P.1    Ryba, M.S.2    Sawicki, J.3    Chrapusta, S.J.4
  • 50
    • 79960870769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of coenzyme Q10 on ischemia and neuronal damage in an experimental traumatic brain-injury model in rats
    • Kalayci M, Unal MM, Gul S, Acikgoz S, Kandemir N, Hanci V, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on ischemia and neuronal damage in an experimental traumatic brain-injury model in rats. BMC Neurosci 2011;12:75.
    • (2011) BMC Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 75
    • Kalayci, M.1    Unal, M.M.2    Gul, S.3    Acikgoz, S.4    Kandemir, N.5    Hanci, V.6
  • 51
    • 0002428569 scopus 로고
    • New horizons in antioxidant research: Action of the thioctic acid/dihydrolipoic acid couple in biological systems in Thioctsaure
    • Schmidt K Ulrich H editors, Frankfurt: Universimed Verlag GmbH;
    • Packer L. New horizons in antioxidant research: Action of the thioctic acid/dihydrolipoic acid couple in biological systems, in Thioctsaure. In: Schmidt K, Ulrich H, editors. 2 nd International Thictic Acid Workshop. Frankfurt: Universimed Verlag GmbH; 1992. p. 35-44.
    • (1992) 2nd International Thictic Acid Workshop , pp. 35-44
    • Packer, L.1
  • 52
    • 0031803334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-Lipoic acid: A metabolic antioxidant which regulates NF-kappa B signal transduction and protects against oxidative injury
    • Packer L. Alpha-Lipoic acid: A metabolic antioxidant which regulates NF-kappa B signal transduction and protects against oxidative injury. Drug Metab Rev 1998;30:245-75.
    • (1998) Drug Metab Rev , vol.30 , pp. 245-275
    • Packer, L.1
  • 54
    • 0029151483 scopus 로고
    • The free radical scavenger alpha-lipoic acid protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils
    • Cao X, Phillis JW. The free radical scavenger alpha-lipoic acid protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils.Free Radic Res 1995;23:365-70.
    • (1995) Free Radic Res , vol.23 , pp. 365-370
    • Cao, X.1    Phillis, J.W.2
  • 55
    • 0029939624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid and its enantiomers demonstrated in rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia
    • Woltz P, Krieglstein J. Neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid and its enantiomers demonstrated in rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia. Neuropharmacology 1996;35:369-75.
    • (1996) Neuropharmacology , vol.35 , pp. 369-375
    • Woltz, P.1    Krieglstein, J.2
  • 56
    • 79651475501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoic acid protects against reperfusion injury in the early stages of cerebral ischemia
    • Connell BJ, Saleh M, Khan BV, Saleh TM. Lipoic acid protects against reperfusion injury in the early stages of cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2011;1375:128-36.
    • (2011) Brain Res , vol.1375 , pp. 128-136
    • Connell, B.J.1    Saleh, M.2    Khan, B.V.3    Saleh, T.M.4
  • 59
    • 0033936321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial survival is enhanced during melatonin induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia
    • Borlongan CV, Yamamoto M, Takei N, Kumazaki M, Ungsuparkorn C, Hida H, et al. Glial survival is enhanced during melatonin induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia. FASEB J 2000;14:1307-17.
    • (2000) FASEB J , vol.14 , pp. 1307-1317
    • Borlongan, C.V.1    Yamamoto, M.2    Takei, N.3    Kumazaki, M.4    Ungsuparkorn, C.5    Hida, H.6
  • 60
    • 0033509001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pinealectomy aggravates and melatonin administration attenuates brain damage in focal ischemia
    • Kilic E, Ozdemir YG, Bolay H, Kelestimur H, Dalkara T. Pinealectomy aggravates and melatonin administration attenuates brain damage in focal ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999;19:511-6.
    • (1999) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.19 , pp. 511-516
    • Kilic, E.1    Ozdemir, Y.G.2    Bolay, H.3    Kelestimur, H.4    Dalkara, T.5
  • 62
    • 0028068186 scopus 로고
    • Free radicals antioxidants and human disease: Curiosity cause or consequence?
    • Halliwell B. Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: Curiosity, cause or consequence? Lancet 1994;344:721-4.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 721-724
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 63
    • 81255199283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of intraperitoneal injection of TAT-SOD against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
    • Ye N, Liu S, Lin Y, Rao P. Protective effects of intraperitoneal injection of TAT-SOD against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Life Sci 2011;89:868-74.
    • (2011) Life Sci , vol.89 , pp. 868-874
    • Ye, N.1    Liu, S.2    Lin, Y.3    Rao, P.4
  • 64
    • 0029761661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pegorgotein on neurologic outcome of patient with severe head injury: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial
    • Young B, Runge JW, Waxman KS, Harrington T, Wilberger J, Muizelaar JP, et al. Effects of pegorgotein on neurologic outcome of patient with severe head injury: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1996;276:538-43.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 538-543
    • Young, B.1    Runge, J.W.2    Waxman, K.S.3    Harrington, T.4    Wilberger, J.5    Muizelaar, J.P.6
  • 67
    • 0026555334 scopus 로고
    • Depletion of brain glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine enhances cerebral ischemic injury in rats
    • Mizui T, Kinouchi H, Chan PH. Depletion of brain glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine enhances cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Am J Physiol 1992;262:H313-7.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.262
    • Mizui, T.1    Kinouchi, H.2    Chan, P.H.3
  • 68
    • 0030296307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternations in the glutathione content of mitochondria following short term forebrain ischemia in rats
    • Zaidan E, Sims NR. Alternations in the glutathione content of mitochondria following short term forebrain ischemia in rats. Neurosci Lett 1996;218:75-8.
    • (1996) Neurosci Lett , vol.218 , pp. 75-78
    • Zaidan, E.1    Sims, N.R.2
  • 70
    • 0346787815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione monoethyl ester provides neuroprotection in a rat model of stroke
    • Anderson MF, Nilsson M, Eriksson PS, Sims NR. Glutathione monoethyl ester provides neuroprotection in a rat model of stroke. Neurosci Lett 2004;354:163-5.
    • (2004) Neurosci Lett , vol.354 , pp. 163-165
    • Anderson, M.F.1    Nilsson, M.2    Eriksson, P.S.3    Sims, N.R.4
  • 71
    • 49849101939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of ischemic brain damage and increase of glutathione by a liposomal preparation of quercetin in permanent focal ischemia in rats
    • Rivera F, Costa G, Abin A, Urbanavicius J, Arruti C, Casanova G, et al. Reduction of ischemic brain damage and increase of glutathione by a liposomal preparation of quercetin in permanent focal ischemia in rats. Neurotox Res 2008;13:105-14.
    • (2008) Neurotox Res , vol.13 , pp. 105-114
    • Rivera, F.1    Costa, G.2    Abin, A.3    Urbanavicius, J.4    Arruti, C.5    Casanova, G.6
  • 72
    • 0028287727 scopus 로고
    • The effect of deferoxamine on brain lipid peroxide levels and Na-K ATPase activity following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Bilgihan A, Turkozkan N, Aricioglu A, Aykol S, Cevik C, Göksel M. The effect of deferoxamine on brain lipid peroxide levels and Na-K ATPase activity following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Gen Pharmacol 1994;25:495-7.
    • (1994) Gen Pharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 495-497
    • Bilgihan, A.1    Turkozkan, N.2    Aricioglu, A.3    Aykol, S.4    Cevik, C.5    Göksel, M.6
  • 73
    • 62949225543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deferoxamine mesylate: A new hope for intracerebral hemorrhage: From bench to clinical trials
    • Selim M. Deferoxamine mesylate: A new hope for intracerebral hemorrhage: From bench to clinical trials. Stroke 2009;40(3 Suppl):S90-1.
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Selim, M.1
  • 74
    • 69249240342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of deferoxamine on brain injury after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats with hyperglycemia
    • Xing Y, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Effects of deferoxamine on brain injury after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats with hyperglycemia. Brain Res 2009;1291:113-21.
    • (2009) Brain Res , vol.1291 , pp. 113-121
    • Xing, Y.1    Hua, Y.2    Keep, R.F.3    Xi, G.4
  • 75
    • 65549127596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of deferoxamine on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury in aged rats
    • Okauchi M, Hua Y, Keep RF, Morgenstern LB, Xi G. Effects of deferoxamine on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury in aged rats. Stroke 2009;40:1858-63.
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , pp. 1858-1863
    • Okauchi, M.1    Hua, Y.2    Keep, R.F.3    Morgenstern, L.B.4    Xi, G.5
  • 76
    • 79251636150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of iron in brain injury after intraventricular hemorrhage
    • Chen Z, Gao C, Hua Y, Keep RF, Muraszko K, Xi G. Role of iron in brain injury after intraventricular hemorrhage. Stroke 2011;42:465-70.
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 465-470
    • Chen, Z.1    Gao, C.2    Hua, Y.3    Keep, R.F.4    Muraszko, K.5    Xi, G.6
  • 77
    • 78049478172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemoglobin and iron handling in brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage and the effect of deferoxamine on early brain injury
    • Lee JY, Keep RF, He Y, Sagher O, Hua Y, Xi G. Hemoglobin and iron handling in brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage and the effect of deferoxamine on early brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010;30:1793-803.
    • (2010) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.30 , pp. 1793-1803
    • Lee, J.Y.1    Keep, R.F.2    He, Y.3    Sagher, O.4    Hua, Y.5    Xi, G.6
  • 78
    • 80055001133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of deferoxamine mesylate in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Deferoxamine Mesylate in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Investigators
    • Selim M, Yeatts S, Goldstein JN, Gomes J, Greenberg S, Morgenstern LB, et al. Deferoxamine Mesylate in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Investigators. Safety and tolerability of deferoxamine mesylate in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2011;42:3067-74.
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 3067-3074
    • Selim, M.1    Yeatts, S.2    Goldstein, J.N.3    Gomes, J.4    Greenberg, S.5    Morgenstern, L.B.6
  • 79
    • 39149111267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect of dipyridyl, a liposoluble iron chelator against focal cerebral ischemia: In vivo and in vitro evidence of protection of cerebral endothelial cells
    • Méthy D, Bertrand N, Prigent-Tessier A, Mossiat C, Stanimirovic D, Beley A, et al. Beneficial effect of dipyridyl, a liposoluble iron chelator against focal cerebral ischemia: In vivo and in vitro evidence of protection of cerebral endothelial cells. Brain Res 2008;1193:136-42.
    • (2008) Brain Res , vol.1193 , pp. 136-142
    • Méthy, D.1    Bertrand, N.2    Prigent-Tessier, A.3    Mossiat, C.4    Stanimirovic, D.5    Beley, A.6
  • 80
    • 33751025828 scopus 로고
    • Spin trapping
    • Janzen E. Spin trapping. Acc Chem Res 1971;4:31-40.
    • (1971) Acc Chem Res , vol.4 , pp. 31-40
    • Janzen, E.1
  • 81
    • 33845218951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrone-based free radical traps as neuroprotective agents in cerebral ischemia and other pathologies
    • Hensley K, Carney JM, Stewart CA, Tabatabaie T, Pye Q, Floyd RA. Nitrone-based free radical traps as neuroprotective agents in cerebral ischemia and other pathologies. Int Rev Neurobiol 1997;40:299-317.
    • (1997) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.40 , pp. 299-317
    • Hensley, K.1    Carney, J.M.2    Stewart, C.A.3    Tabatabaie, T.4    Pye, Q.5    Floyd, R.A.6
  • 82
    • 0033301895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic properties of phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone
    • Kotake Y. Pharmacologic properties of phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone. Antioxid Redox Signal 1999;1:481-99.
    • (1999) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.1 , pp. 481-499
    • Kotake, Y.1
  • 83
    • 0025932511 scopus 로고
    • Protection against oxidative damage to CNS by alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and other spin trapping agents: A novel series of nonlipid free radical scavengers
    • Carney JM, Floyd RA. Protection against oxidative damage to CNS by alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and other spin trapping agents: A novel series of nonlipid free radical scavengers. J Mol Neurosci 1991;3:47-57.
    • (1991) J Mol Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 47-57
    • Carney, J.M.1    Floyd, R.A.2
  • 84
    • 0027937751 scopus 로고
    • Delayed treatment with the spin trap alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) reduces infarct size following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
    • Zhao Q, Pahlmark K, Smith ML, Siesjo BK. Delayed treatment with the spin trap alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) reduces infarct size following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Acta Physiol Scand 1994;152:349-50.
    • (1994) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.152 , pp. 349-350
    • Zhao, Q.1    Pahlmark, K.2    Smith, M.L.3    Siesjo, B.K.4
  • 85
    • 0029998225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the spin trap-alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) in transient forebrain ischemia in the rat
    • Pahlmark K, Siesjo BK. Effect of the spin trap-alpha-phenyl-N-tert- butylnitrone (PBN) in transient forebrain ischemia in the rat. Acta Physiol Scand 1996;157:41-51.
    • (1996) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.157 , pp. 41-51
    • Pahlmark, K.1    Siesjo, B.K.2
  • 86
    • 32144453826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment (SAINT I) Trial Investigators. NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke
    • Lees KR, Zivin JA, Ashwood T, Davalos A, Davis SM, Diener HC, et al. Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment (SAINT I) Trial Investigators. NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Me 2006;354:588-600.
    • (2006) N Engl J Me , vol.354 , pp. 588-600
    • Lees, K.R.1    Zivin, J.A.2    Ashwood, T.3    Davalos, A.4    Davis, S.M.5    Diener, H.C.6
  • 87
    • 34547795720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAINT II Trial Investigators. NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke
    • Shuaib A, Lees KR, Lyden P, Grotta J, Davalos A, Davis SM, et al. SAINT II Trial Investigators. NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2007;357:562-71.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 562-571
    • Shuaib, A.1    Lees, K.R.2    Lyden, P.3    Grotta, J.4    Davalos, A.5    Davis, S.M.6
  • 88
    • 34247263212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical appraisal of the NXY-059 neuroprotection studies for acute stroke: A need for more rigorous testing of neuroprotective agents in animal models of stroke
    • Savitz SI. A critical appraisal of the NXY-059 neuroprotection studies for acute stroke: A need for more rigorous testing of neuroprotective agents in animal models of stroke. Exp Neurol 2007;205:20-5.
    • (2007) Exp Neurol , vol.205 , pp. 20-25
    • Savitz, S.I.1
  • 89
    • 0033994250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebselen: Prospective therapy for cerebral ischaemia
    • Parnham M, Sies H. Ebselen: Prospective therapy for cerebral ischaemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2000;9:607-19.
    • (2000) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.9 , pp. 607-619
    • Parnham, M.1    Sies, H.2
  • 90
    • 0030734080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective efficacy of ebselen an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory actions, in rodent model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion
    • Takasago T, Peters EE, Graham DI, Masayasu H, Macrae IM. Neuroprotective efficacy of ebselen an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory actions, in rodent model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Br J Pharmacol 1997;122:1251-6.
    • (1997) Br J Pharmacol , vol.122 , pp. 1251-1256
    • Takasago, T.1    Peters, E.E.2    Graham, D.I.3    Masayasu, H.4    Macrae, I.M.5
  • 91
    • 0031886421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective efficacy of an antioxidant ebselen, in patients with delayed neurological deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Saito I, Asano T, Takakura K, Abe H, Yoshimoto T, Kikuchi H, et al. Neuroprotective efficacy of an antioxidant ebselen, in patients with delayed neurological deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1998;42:269-77.
    • (1998) Neurosurgery , vol.42 , pp. 269-277
    • Saito, I.1    Asano, T.2    Takakura, K.3    Abe, H.4    Yoshimoto, T.5    Kikuchi, H.6
  • 92
    • 0031963836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebselen in acute ischemic stroke: A placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial, Ebselen study group
    • Yamaguchi T, Sano K, Takakura K, Saito I, Shinohara T, Asano T, et al. Ebselen in acute ischemic stroke: A placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. Ebselen study group. Stroke 1998;29:12-7.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 12-17
    • Yamaguchi, T.1    Sano, K.2    Takakura, K.3    Saito, I.4    Shinohara, T.5    Asano, T.6
  • 93
    • 0033042957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebselen in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion: A placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
    • Ogawa A, Yoshimoto T, Kikuchi H, Sano K, Saito I, Yamaguchi T, et al. Ebselen in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion: A placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. Cerebrovas Dis 1999;9:112-8.
    • (1999) Cerebrovas Dis , vol.9 , pp. 112-118
    • Ogawa, A.1    Yoshimoto, T.2    Kikuchi, H.3    Sano, K.4    Saito, I.5    Yamaguchi, T.6
  • 94
    • 0013897222 scopus 로고
    • The mucolytic action of acetylcysteine
    • Sheffner AL. The mucolytic action of acetylcysteine. Tuberculol Thorac Dis 1966;23:31-3.
    • (1966) Tuberculol Thorac Dis , vol.23 , pp. 31-33
    • Sheffner, A.L.1
  • 95
    • 0033048251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-Acetylcysteine treatment to prevent the progression of multisystem organ failure: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Molnár Z, Shearer E, Lowe D. N-Acetylcysteine treatment to prevent the progression of multisystem organ failure: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Crit Care Med 1999;27:1100-4.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1100-1104
    • Molnár, Z.1    Shearer, E.2    Lowe, D.3
  • 97
    • 38749139299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy
    • Fishbane S. N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;3:281-7.
    • (2008) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 281-287
    • Fishbane, S.1
  • 98
    • 2342562573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of N-acetylcysteine after focal cerebral ischemia protects brain and reduces inflammation in a rat model of experimental stroke
    • Khan M, Sekhon B, Jatana M, Giri S, Gilg AG, Sekhon C, et al. Administration of N-acetylcysteine after focal cerebral ischemia protects brain and reduces inflammation in a rat model of experimental stroke. J Neurosci Res 2004;76:519-27.
    • (2004) J Neurosci Res , vol.76 , pp. 519-527
    • Khan, M.1    Sekhon, B.2    Jatana, M.3    Giri, S.4    Gilg, A.G.5    Sekhon, C.6
  • 99
    • 33745035900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine on experimental closed head trauma in rats
    • Hicdonmez T, Kanter M, Tiryaki M, Parsak T, Cobanoglu S. Neuroprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine on experimental closed head trauma in rats. Neurochem Res 2006;31:473-81.
    • (2006) Neurochem Res , vol.31 , pp. 473-481
    • Hicdonmez, T.1    Kanter, M.2    Tiryaki, M.3    Parsak, T.4    Cobanoglu, S.5
  • 100
    • 11844293406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of flavonoids by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and cyclic voltammetry
    • Firuzi O, Lacanna A, Petrucci R, Marrosu G, Saso L. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of flavonoids by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and cyclic voltammetry. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005;1721:174-84.
    • (2005) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1721 , pp. 174-184
    • Firuzi, O.1    Lacanna, A.2    Petrucci, R.3    Marrosu, G.4    Saso, L.5
  • 101
    • 50449111165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on uses and properties of citrus flavonoids: New findings in anticancer, cardiovascular, and anti-inflammatory activity
    • Benavente-Garcia O, Castillo J. Update on uses and properties of citrus flavonoids: New findings in anticancer, cardiovascular, and anti-inflammatory activity. J Agric Food Chem 2008;56:6185-205.
    • (2008) J Agric Food Chem , vol.56 , pp. 6185-6205
    • Benavente-Garcia, O.1    Castillo, J.2
  • 102
    • 84871916812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cerebral protection from ischemia by tea constituents
    • Vlasov TD. Mechanisms of cerebral protection from ischemia by tea constituents. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2012;98:929-42.
    • (2012) Ross Fiziol Zh im i M Sechenova , vol.98 , pp. 929-942
    • Vlasov, T.D.1
  • 103
    • 84870186769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • By improving regional cortical blood flow, attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and sequential apoptosis galangin acts as a potential neuroprotective agent after acute ischemic stroke
    • Li S, Wu C, Zhu L, Gao J, Fang J, Li D, et al. By improving regional cortical blood flow, attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and sequential apoptosis galangin acts as a potential neuroprotective agent after acute ischemic stroke. Molecules 2012;17:13403-23.
    • (2012) Molecules , vol.17 , pp. 13403-13423
    • Li, S.1    Wu, C.2    Zhu, L.3    Gao, J.4    Fang, J.5    Li, D.6
  • 105
    • 84866742595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of luteolin in experimental ischemic stroke: Upregulated SOD1, CAT, Bcl-2 and claudin-5, down-regulated MDA and Bax expression
    • Qiao H, Dong L, Zhang X, Zhu C, Zhang X, Wang L, et al. Protective effect of luteolin in experimental ischemic stroke: Upregulated SOD1, CAT, Bcl-2 and claudin-5, down-regulated MDA and Bax expression. Neurochem Res 2012;37:2014-24.
    • (2012) Neurochem Res , vol.37 , pp. 2014-2024
    • Qiao, H.1    Dong, L.2    Zhang, X.3    Zhu, C.4    Zhang, X.5    Wang, L.6
  • 106
    • 84861112895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection by the soy isoflavone, genistein, via inhibition of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways and reactive oxygen induced-NF-êB activation in a cerebral ischemia mouse model
    • Qian Y, Guan T, Huang M, Cao L, Li Y, Cheng H, et al. Neuroprotection by the soy isoflavone, genistein, via inhibition of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways and reactive oxygen induced-NF-êB activation in a cerebral ischemia mouse model. Neurochem Int 2012;60:759-67.
    • (2012) Neurochem Int , vol.60 , pp. 759-767
    • Qian, Y.1    Guan, T.2    Huang, M.3    Cao, L.4    Li, Y.5    Cheng, H.6
  • 107
    • 84859782882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), in ischemic stroke of rats
    • Yen TL, Hsu CK, Lu WJ, Hsieh CY, Hsiao G, Chou DS, et al. Neuroprotective effects of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), in ischemic stroke of rats. J Agric Food Chem 2012;60:1937-44.
    • (2012) J Agric Food Chem , vol.60 , pp. 1937-1944
    • Yen, T.L.1    Hsu, C.K.2    Lu, W.J.3    Hsieh, C.Y.4    Hsiao, G.5    Chou, D.S.6
  • 109
    • 67649444192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline attenuates iron neurotoxicity in cortical cell cultures
    • Chen-Roetling J, Chen L, Regan RF. Minocycline attenuates iron neurotoxicity in cortical cell cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009;386:322-6.
    • (2009) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.386 , pp. 322-326
    • Chen-Roetling, J.1    Chen, L.2    Regan, R.F.3
  • 110
    • 34848857092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline treatment in acute stroke: An open-label, evaluator-blinded study
    • Lampl Y, Boaz M, Gilad R, Lorberboym M, Dabby R, Rapoport A, et al. Minocycline treatment in acute stroke: An open-label, evaluator-blinded study. Neurology 2007;69:1404-10.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1404-1410
    • Lampl, Y.1    Boaz, M.2    Gilad, R.3    Lorberboym, M.4    Dabby, R.5    Rapoport, A.6
  • 112
    • 80052415005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in an exploratory trial of intravenous minocycline for acute ischemic stroke
    • Switzer JA, Hess DC, Ergul A, Waller JL, Machado LS, Portik-Dobos V, et al. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in an exploratory trial of intravenous minocycline for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2011;42:2633-5.
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 2633-2635
    • Switzer, J.A.1    Hess, D.C.2    Ergul, A.3    Waller, J.L.4    Machado, L.S.5    Portik-Dobos, V.6
  • 113
    • 46849106962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel antioxidant edaravone: From bench to bedside
    • Watanabe T, Tahara M, Todo S. The novel antioxidant edaravone: From bench to bedside. Cardiovasc Ther 2008;26:101-14.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Ther , vol.26 , pp. 101-114
    • Watanabe, T.1    Tahara, M.2    Todo, S.3
  • 114
    • 37249053501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical analysis of 207 patients who developed renal disorders during or after treatment with edaravone reported during post-marketing surveillance
    • Hishida A. Clinical analysis of 207 patients who developed renal disorders during or after treatment with edaravone reported during post-marketing surveillance. Clin Exp Nephrol 2007;11:292-6.
    • (2007) Clin Exp Nephrol , vol.11 , pp. 292-296
    • Hishida, A.1
  • 115
    • 77249125873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does functional outcome in acute ischaemic stroke patients correlate with the amount of free-radical scavenger treatment? A retrospective study of edaravone therapy
    • Unno Y, Katayama M, Shimizu H. Does functional outcome in acute ischaemic stroke patients correlate with the amount of free-radical scavenger treatment? A retrospective study of edaravone therapy. Clin Drug Investig 2010;30:143-55.
    • (2010) Clin Drug Investig , vol.30 , pp. 143-155
    • Unno, Y.1    Katayama, M.2    Shimizu, H.3
  • 116
    • 0000896338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density Functional Study of the Radical Reactions of 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2- pyrazolin-5-one (MCI-186): Implication for the Biological Function of MCI-186 as a Highly Potent Antioxidative Radical Scavenger
    • Ono S, Okazaki K, Sakurai M, Inoue Y. Density Functional Study of the Radical Reactions of 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (MCI-186): Implication for the Biological Function of MCI-186 as a Highly Potent Antioxidative Radical Scavenger. J Phys Chem 1997;101:3769-75.
    • (1997) J Phys Chem , vol.101 , pp. 3769-3775
    • Ono, S.1    Okazaki, K.2    Sakurai, M.3    Inoue, Y.4
  • 117
    • 35549012820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edaravone inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human astrocytes exposed to hypoxia
    • Ishikawa A, Yoshida H, Metoki N, Toki T, Imaizumi T, Matsumiya T, et al. Edaravone inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human astrocytes exposed to hypoxia. Neurosci Res 2007;59:406-12.
    • (2007) Neurosci Res , vol.59 , pp. 406-412
    • Ishikawa, A.1    Yoshida, H.2    Metoki, N.3    Toki, T.4    Imaizumi, T.5    Matsumiya, T.6
  • 119
    • 77049116991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edaravone improves the expression of nerve growth factor in human astrocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation
    • Yoshida H, Metoki N, Ishikawa A, Imaizumi T, Matsumiya T, Tanji K, et al. Edaravone improves the expression of nerve growth factor in human astrocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Neurosci Res 2010;66:284-9.
    • (2010) Neurosci Res , vol.66 , pp. 284-289
    • Yoshida, H.1    Metoki, N.2    Ishikawa, A.3    Imaizumi, T.4    Matsumiya, T.5    Tanji, K.6
  • 120
    • 84855531670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with edaravone attenuates ischemic brain injury and inhibits neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of adult rats after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury
    • Zhang P, Li W, Li L, Wang N, Li X, Gao M, et al. Treatment with edaravone attenuates ischemic brain injury and inhibits neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of adult rats after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Neuroscience 2012;201:297-306.
    • (2012) Neuroscience , vol.201 , pp. 297-306
    • Zhang, P.1    Li, W.2    Li, L.3    Wang, N.4    Li, X.5    Gao, M.6
  • 121
    • 67649736219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of the free radical scavenger, edaravone, for motor palsy of acute lacunar infarction
    • Ohta Y, Takamatsu K, Fukushima T, Ikegami S, Takeda I, Ota T, et al. Efficacy of the free radical scavenger, edaravone, for motor palsy of acute lacunar infarction. Intern Med 2009;48:593-6.
    • (2009) Intern Med , vol.48 , pp. 593-596
    • Ohta, Y.1    Takamatsu, K.2    Fukushima, T.3    Ikegami, S.4    Takeda, I.5    Ota, T.6
  • 122
    • 0035179248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lazaroids: Efficacy and mechanism of action of the 21-aminosteroids in neuroprotection
    • Kavanagh RJ, Kam PC. Lazaroids: Efficacy and mechanism of action of the 21-aminosteroids in neuroprotection. Br J Anaesth 2001;86:110-9.
    • (2001) Br J Anaesth , vol.86 , pp. 110-119
    • Kavanagh, R.J.1    Kam, P.C.2
  • 123
    • 0027265248 scopus 로고
    • Effects of U-74006F on neurologic function and brain edema after fluid percussion injury in rats
    • Sanada T, Nakamura T, Nishimura MC, Isayama K, Pitts LH. Effects of U-74006F on neurologic function and brain edema after fluid percussion injury in rats. Neurotrauma 1993;10:65-71.
    • (1993) Neurotrauma , vol.10 , pp. 65-71
    • Sanada, T.1    Nakamura, T.2    Nishimura, M.C.3    Isayama, K.4    Pitts, L.H.5
  • 124
    • 0006656067 scopus 로고
    • U-74006F reduces neocortical infarction, but does not attenuate selective hippocampal CA1 necrosis
    • Xue D, Bruederlin B, Heinecke E, Li H, Slivka A, Buchan AM. U-74006F reduces neocortical infarction, but does not attenuate selective hippocampal CA1 necrosis. Stroke 1990;21:178.
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. 178
    • Xue, D.1    Bruederlin, B.2    Heinecke, E.3    Li, H.4    Slivka, A.5    Buchan, A.M.6
  • 125
    • 0027976779 scopus 로고
    • The role of active smooth muscle contraction in the occurrence of chronic vasospasm in the canine two-hemorrhage model
    • Matsui T, Kaizu H, Itoh S, Asano T. The role of active smooth muscle contraction in the occurrence of chronic vasospasm in the canine two-hemorrhage model. J Neurosurg 1994;80:276-82.
    • (1994) J Neurosurg , vol.80 , pp. 276-282
    • Matsui, T.1    Kaizu, H.2    Itoh, S.3    Asano, T.4
  • 126
    • 0043204506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of tirilazad mesylate in patients with acute stroke (RANTTAS) the RANTTAS Investigators
    • A randomized trial of tirilazad mesylate in patients with acute stroke (RANTTAS). The RANTTAS Investigators. Stroke 1996;27:1453-8.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 1453-1458
  • 127
    • 0031781078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose tirilazad for acute stroke (RANTTAS II) RANTTAS II Investigators
    • Haley EC Jr. High-dose tirilazad for acute stroke (RANTTAS II). RANTTAS II Investigators. Stroke 1998;29:1256-7.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 1256-1257
    • Haley Jr., E.C.1
  • 128
    • 13344261979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind vehicle controlled trial of tirilazad mesylate in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: A co-operative study in Europe, Australia and New Zealand
    • Kassell NF, Haley EC, Apperson-Hansen C, Alves WM. Randomised double-blind vehicle controlled trial of tirilazad mesylate in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: A co-operative study in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. J Neurosurg 1996;84:221.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.84 , pp. 221
    • Kassell, N.F.1    Haley, E.C.2    Apperson-Hansen, C.3    Alves, W.M.4
  • 129
    • 0031028302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised double blind vehicle controlled trial of tirilazad mesylate in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: A co-operative study in North America
    • Haley EC, Kassell NF, Apperson-Hansen C, Maile MH, Alves WM. A randomised double blind vehicle controlled trial of tirilazad mesylate in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: A co-operative study in North America. J Neurosurg 1997;86:467.
    • (1997) J Neurosurg , vol.86 , pp. 467
    • Haley, E.C.1    Kassell, N.F.2    Apperson-Hansen, C.3    Maile, M.H.4    Alves, W.M.5
  • 130
    • 0032971520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double blind randomised, vehicle controlled study of high-dose tirilazad mesylate in women with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Part 2. A co-operative study in North America
    • Lanzino G, Kassell NF. Double blind randomised, vehicle controlled study of high-dose tirilazad mesylate in women with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Part 2. A co-operative study in North America. J Neurosurg 1999;90:1018.
    • (1999) J Neurosurg , vol.90 , pp. 1018
    • Lanzino, G.1    Kassell, N.F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.