Role of lipids in the formation and maintenance of the cutaneous permeability barrier

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids

Volumn 1841, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 280-294

  Feingold, Kenneth R ^a   Elias, Peter M ^a  

^a SAN FRANCISCO VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Ceramide synthesis; Cholesterol synthesis; Fatty acid synthesis; Glucosylceramide; Lamellar body; Stratum corneum

Indexed keywords

ABC TRANSPORTER A1; ABC TRANSPORTER A12; ACYL COENZYME A DESATURASE; BETA DEFENSIN 2; CATHELICIDIN ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE LL 37; CATHEPSIN D; CAVEOLIN 1; CERAMIDE; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL SULFATE; ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID; FATTY ACID; GERANYLTRANSFERASE; GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE; GLUCOSYLCERAMIDE; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A SYNTHASE; LAMIN; LINOLEIC ACID; LIPID; MESSENGER RNA; NEUROPSIN; OLEIC ACID; PHOSPHOLIPID; RAS PROTEIN; SPHINGOMYELIN; SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE; SQUALENE SYNTHASE; STRATUM CORNEUM CHYMOTRYPTIC ENZYME;

ARTICLE; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; EPIDERMIS HYPERPLASIA; EXOCYTOSIS; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS; GAUCHER DISEASE; HUMAN; ISOPRENYLATION; KERATINOCYTE; LAMELLAR BODY; LIPID BILAYER; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPOGENESIS; LIPOLYSIS; LOSS OF FUNCTION MUTATION; MENTAL STRESS; NIEMANN PICK DISEASE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION; PERMEABILITY BARRIER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PRENYLATION; PSORIASIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SKIN PERMEABILITY; SKIN SURFACE; STRATUM CORNEUM; TRANS GOLGI NETWORK;

CERAMIDE SYNTHESIS; CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS; FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS; GLUCOSYLCERAMIDE; LAMELLAR BODY; STRATUM CORNEUM;

ANIMALS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; EPIDERMIS; HUMANS; KERATINOCYTES; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPIDS; WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE;

EID: 84896723424     PISSN: 13881981     EISSN: 18792618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.007     Document Type: Review

References (214)

1. P. Elias, K. Feingold, and J. Fluhr The skin as an organ of protection I.M. Friedberg, A.Z. Eisen, K. Wolff, K.F. Austen, L.A. Goldsmith, S.I. Katz, Dermatology in General Medicine 2003 McGraw Hill New York 107 118
2. K.R. Feingold Thematic review series: skin lipids. The role of epidermal lipids in cutaneous permeability barrier homeostasis J. Lipid Res. 48 2007 2531 2546 (Pubitemid 350272838)
3. D.R. Drake, K.A. Brogden, D.V. Dawson, and P.W. Wertz Thematic review series: skin lipids. Antimicrobial lipids at the skin surface J. Lipid Res. 49 2008 4 11
4. C.L. Fischer, D.R. Blanchette, K.A. Brogden, D.V. Dawson, D.R. Drake, J.R. Hill, and P.W. Wertz The roles of cutaneous lipids in host defense Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 319 322
5. R.L. Nachman, and N.B. Esterly Increased skin permeability in preterm infants J. Pediatr. 79 1971 628 632
6. N. Rutter, and D. Hull Water loss from the skin of term and preterm babies Arch. Dis. Child. 54 1979 858 868 (Pubitemid 10205637)
7. J.W. Fluhr, M.J. Behne, B.E. Brown, D.G. Moskowitz, C. Selden, M. Mao-Qiang, T.M. Mauro, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Stratum corneum acidification in neonatal skin: secretory phospholipase A2 and the sodium/hydrogen antiporter-1 acidify neonatal rat stratum corneum J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 2004 320 329 (Pubitemid 38281051)
8. R. Ghadially, B.E. Brown, S.M. Sequeira-Martin, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias The aged epidermal permeability barrier. Structural, functional, and lipid biochemical abnormalities in humans and a senescent murine model J. Clin. Invest. 95 1995 2281 2290
9. Diseases That Effect Barrier Function H.a.K.K. Tagami 2006 Taylor and Francis New York
10. P.M. Elias Lipid abnormalities and lipid-based repair strategies in atopic dermatitis Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2014 2014
11. P.W. Wertz Biochemistry of human stratum corneum lipids P. Elias, K. Feingold, Skin Barrier 2006 Taylor & Francis New York 33 42
12. G.M. Gray, R.J. White, R.H. Williams, and H.J. Yardley Lipid composition of the superficial stratum corneum cells of pig epidermis Br. J. Dermatol. 106 1982 59 63 (Pubitemid 12162281)
13. J. van Smeden, M. Janssens, G.S. Gooris, and J.A. Bouwstra The important role of stratum corneum lipids for the cutaneous barrier function Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 295 313
14. P.M. Elias, and B.E. Brown The mammalian cutaneous permeability barrier: defective barrier function is essential fatty acid deficiency correlates with abnormal intercellular lipid deposition Lab. Invest. 39 1978 574 583 (Pubitemid 9080663)
15. H.S. Hansen, and B. Jensen Essential function of linoleic acid esterified in acylglucosylceramide and acylceramide in maintaining the epidermal water permeability barrier. Evidence from feeding studies with oleate, linoleate, arachidonate, columbinate and alpha-linolenate Biochim. Biophys. Acta 834 1985 357 363 (Pubitemid 15025244)
16. J.L. Melton, P.W. Wertz, D.C. Swartzendruber, and D.T. Downing Effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on epidermal O-acylsphingolipids and transepidermal water loss in young pigs Biochim. Biophys. Acta 921 1987 191 197
17. P.W. Wertz, E.S. Cho, and D.T. Downing Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on the epidermal sphingolipids of the rat Biochim. Biophys. Acta 753 1983 350 355 (Pubitemid 14233563)
18. P.M. Elias, R. Gruber, D. Crumrine, G. Menon, M.L. Williams, J.S. Wakefield, W.M. Holleran, and Y. Uchida Formation and functions of the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 314 318
19. P.M. Elias, M.L. Williams, M.E. Maloney, J.A. Bonifas, B.E. Brown, S. Grayson, and E.H. Epstein Jr. Stratum corneum lipids in disorders of cornification. Steroid sulfatase and cholesterol sulfate in normal desquamation and the pathogenesis of recessive X-linked ichthyosis J. Clin. Invest. 74 1984 1414 1421 (Pubitemid 15200234)
20. M.L. Williams, and P.M. Elias Stratum corneum lipids in disorders of cornification: increased cholesterol sulfate content of stratum corneum in recessive x-linked ichthyosis J. Clin. Invest. 68 1981 1404 1410 (Pubitemid 12194393)
21. P.M. Elias, M.L. Williams, E.H. Choi, and K.R. Feingold Role of cholesterol sulfate in epidermal structure and function: lessons from x-linked ichthyosis Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 353 361
22. P. Elias, K. Feingold, and M. Fartasch Epidermal lamellar body as a multifunctional secretory organelle P. Elias, K. Feingold, Skin Barrier 2006 Taylor & Francis New York 261 272
23. A. Ishida-Yamamoto, M. Simon, M. Kishibe, Y. Miyauchi, H. Takahashi, S. Yoshida, T.J. O'Brien, G. Serre, and H. Iizuka Epidermal lamellar granules transport different cargoes as distinct aggregates J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 2004 1137 1144 (Pubitemid 38651088)
24. G.N. Sando, H. Zhu, J.M. Weis, J.T. Richman, P.W. Wertz, and K.C. Madison Caveolin expression and localization in human keratinocytes suggest a role in lamellar granule biogenesis J. Invest. Dermatol. 120 2003 531 541 (Pubitemid 36343994)
25. A.A. Raymond, A. Gonzalez de Peredo, A. Stella, A. Ishida-Yamamoto, D. Bouyssie, G. Serre, B. Monsarrat, and M. Simon Lamellar bodies of human epidermis: proteomics characterization by high throughput mass spectrometry and possible involvement of CLIP-170 in their trafficking/secretion Mol. Cell. Proteomics 7 2008 2151 2175
26. M. Mao-Qiang, K.R. Feingold, M. Jain, and P.M. Elias Extracellular processing of phospholipids is required for permeability barrier homeostasis J. Lipid Res. 36 1995 1925 1935
27. M. Mao-Qiang, M. Jain, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Secretory phospholipase A2 activity is required for permeability barrier homeostasis J. Invest. Dermatol. 106 1996 57 63
28. J.M. Jensen, S. Schutze, M. Forl, M. Kronke, and E. Proksch Roles for tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 and sphingomyelinase in repairing the cutaneous permeability barrier J. Clin. Invest. 104 1999 1761 1770 (Pubitemid 30053193)
29. M. Schmuth, M.Q. Man, F. Weber, W. Gao, K.R. Feingold, P. Fritsch, P.M. Elias, and W.M. Holleran Permeability barrier disorder in Niemann-Pick disease: sphingomyelin-ceramide processing required for normal barrier homeostasis J. Invest. Dermatol. 115 2000 459 466
30. W.M. Holleran, E.I. Ginns, G.K. Menon, J.U. Grundmann, M. Fartasch, C.E. McKinney, P.M. Elias, and E. Sidransky Consequences of beta-glucocerebrosidase deficiency in epidermis. Ultrastructure and permeability barrier alterations in Gaucher disease J. Clin. Invest. 93 1994 1756 1764
31. W.M. Holleran, Y. Takagi, G.K. Menon, G. Legler, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Processing of epidermal glucosylceramides is required for optimal mammalian cutaneous permeability barrier function J. Clin. Invest. 91 1993 1656 1664 (Pubitemid 23127370)
32. N. Fujita, K. Suzuki, M.T. Vanier, B. Popko, N. Maeda, A. Klein, M. Henseler, K. Sandhoff, H. Nakayasu, and K. Suzuki Targeted disruption of the mouse sphingolipid activator protein gene: a complex phenotype, including severe leukodystrophy and wide-spread storage of multiple sphingolipids Hum. Mol. Genet. 5 1996 711 725 (Pubitemid 26171286)
33. B. Breiden, and K. Sandhoff The role of sphingolipid metabolism in cutaneous permeability barrier formation Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 441 452
34. W.M. Holleran, Y. Takagi, G.K. Menon, S.M. Jackson, J.M. Lee, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Permeability barrier requirements regulate epidermal beta-glucocerebrosidase J. Lipid Res. 35 1994 905 912 (Pubitemid 24157241)
35. D. Ilic, J.M. Bollinger, M. Gelb, and T.M. Mauro sPLA2 and the epidermal barrier Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 416 421
36. J.W. Fluhr, J. Kao, M. Jain, S.K. Ahn, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Generation of free fatty acids from phospholipids regulates stratum corneum acidification and integrity J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 2001 44 51 (Pubitemid 32652438)
37. T. Mauro SC pH: Measurement, Origins, and Functions P. Elias, K. Feingold, 2006 Skin Barrier New York 223 229
38. J.W. Fluhr, M. Mao-Qiang, B.E. Brown, J.P. Hachem, D.G. Moskowitz, M. Demerjian, M. Haftek, G. Serre, D. Crumrine, T.M. Mauro, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Functional consequences of a neutral pH in neonatal rat stratum corneum J. Invest. Dermatol. 123 2004 140 151 (Pubitemid 38833475)
39. J.P. Hachem, D. Crumrine, J. Fluhr, B.E. Brown, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias pH directly regulates epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis, and stratum corneum integrity/cohesion J. Invest. Dermatol. 121 2003 345 353 (Pubitemid 36969909)
40. J.P. Hachem, M.Q. Man, D. Crumrine, Y. Uchida, B.E. Brown, V. Rogiers, D. Roseeuw, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Sustained serine proteases activity by prolonged increase in pH leads to degradation of lipid processing enzymes and profound alterations of barrier function and stratum corneum integrity J. Invest. Dermatol. 125 2005 510 520
41. T. Mauro, W.M. Holleran, S. Grayson, W.N. Gao, M.Q. Man, E. Kriehuber, M. Behne, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Barrier recovery is impeded at neutral pH, independent of ionic effects: implications for extracellular lipid processing Arch. Dermatol. Res. 290 1998 215 222 (Pubitemid 28230774)
42. J.P. Hachem, T. Roelandt, N. Schurer, X. Pu, J. Fluhr, C. Giddelo, M.Q. Man, D. Crumrine, D. Roseeuw, K.R. Feingold, T. Mauro, and P.M. Elias Acute acidification of stratum corneum membrane domains using polyhydroxyl acids improves lipid processing and inhibits degradation of corneodesmosomes J. Invest. Dermatol. 130 2010 500 510
43. J.P. Hachem, E. Houben, D. Crumrine, M.Q. Man, N. Schurer, T. Roelandt, E.H. Choi, Y. Uchida, B.E. Brown, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Serine protease signaling of epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis J. Invest. Dermatol. 126 2006 2074 2086
44. M. Denda, J. Sato, Y. Masuda, T. Tsuchiya, J. Koyama, M. Kuramoto, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Exposure to a dry environment enhances epidermal permeability barrier function J. Invest. Dermatol. 111 1998 858 863 (Pubitemid 28509330)
45. M. Denda, J. Sato, T. Tsuchiya, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Low humidity stimulates epidermal DNA synthesis and amplifies the hyperproliferative response to barrier disruption: implication for seasonal exacerbations of inflammatory dermatoses J. Invest. Dermatol. 111 1998 873 878 (Pubitemid 28509332)
46. J.W. Fluhr, R. Darlenski, and C. Surber Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functions Br. J. Dermatol. 159 2008 23 34 (Pubitemid 351874509)
47. I.R. Scott, and C.R. Harding Filaggrin breakdown to water binding compounds during development of the rat stratum corneum is controlled by the water activity of the environment Dev. Biol. 115 1986 84 92 (Pubitemid 16118872)
48. M. Akiyama The roles of ABCA12 in keratinocyte differentiation and lipid barrier formation in the epidermis Dermatol. Endocrinol. 3 2011 107 112
49. M. Akiyama, Y. Sugiyama-Nakagiri, K. Sakai, J.R. McMillan, M. Goto, K. Arita, Y. Tsuji-Abe, N. Tabata, K. Matsuoka, R. Sasaki, D. Sawamura, and H. Shimizu Mutations in lipid transporter ABCA12 in harlequin ichthyosis and functional recovery by corrective gene transfer J. Clin. Invest. 115 2005 1777 1784 (Pubitemid 40979716)
50. A. Hovnanian Harlequin ichthyosis unmasked: a defect of lipid transport J. Clin. Invest. 115 2005 1708 1710 (Pubitemid 40979708)
51. M. Akiyama The roles of ABCA12 in epidermal lipid barrier formation and keratinocyte differentiation Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 435 440
52. Y.J. Jiang, B. Lu, E.J. Tarling, P. Kim, M.Q. Man, D. Crumrine, P.A. Edwards, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Regulation of ABCG1 expression in human keratinocytes and murine epidermis J. Lipid Res. 51 2010 3185 3195
53. U. Rassner, K.R. Feingold, D.A. Crumrine, and P.M. Elias Coordinate assembly of lipids and enzyme proteins into epidermal lamellar bodies Tissue Cell 31 1999 489 498 (Pubitemid 29531291)
54. G. Grubauer, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Transepidermal water loss: the signal for recovery of barrier structure and function J. Lipid Res. 30 1989 323 333 (Pubitemid 19082061)
55. E. Proksch, W.M. Holleran, G.K. Menon, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Barrier function regulates epidermal lipid and DNA synthesis Br. J. Dermatol. 128 1993 473 482 (Pubitemid 23155942)
56. G.K. Menon, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Lamellar body secretory response to barrier disruption J. Invest. Dermatol. 98 1992 279 289
57. G.K. Menon, and P.M. Elias Ultrastructural localization of calcium in psoriatic and normal human epidermis Arch. Dermatol. 127 1991 57 63
58. G.K. Menon, S. Grayson, and P.M. Elias Ionic calcium reservoirs in mammalian epidermis: ultrastructural localization by ion-capture cytochemistry J. Invest. Dermatol. 84 1985 508 512 (Pubitemid 15053207)
59. S.H. Lee, P.M. Elias, E. Proksch, G.K. Menon, M. Mao-Quiang, and K.R. Feingold Calcium and potassium are important regulators of barrier homeostasis in murine epidermis J. Clin. Invest. 89 1992 530 538
60. G.K. Menon, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Integrity of the permeability barrier is crucial for maintenance of the epidermal calcium gradient Br. J. Dermatol. 130 1994 139 147 (Pubitemid 24204607)
61. G.K. Menon, P.M. Elias, S.H. Lee, and K.R. Feingold Localization of calcium in murine epidermis following disruption and repair of the permeability barrier Cell Tissue Res. 270 1992 503 512
62. M. Mao-Qiang, T. Mauro, G. Bench, R. Warren, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Calcium and potassium inhibit barrier recovery after disruption, independent of the type of insult in hairless mice Exp. Dermatol. 6 1997 36 40 (Pubitemid 27132637)
63. S.H. Lee, E.H. Choi, K.R. Feingold, S. Jiang, and S.K. Ahn Iontophoresis itself on hairless mouse skin induces the loss of the epidermal calcium gradient without skin barrier impairment J. Invest. Dermatol. 111 1998 39 43 (Pubitemid 28309206)
64. G.K. Menon, L.F. Price, B. Bommannan, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Selective obliteration of the epidermal calcium gradient leads to enhanced lamellar body secretion J. Invest. Dermatol. 102 1994 789 795 (Pubitemid 24144263)
65. M. Denda, K. Kitamura, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Trans-4- (aminomethyl)cyclohexane carboxylic acid (T-AMCHA), an anti-fibrinolytic agent, accelerates barrier recovery and prevents the epidermal hyperplasia induced by epidermal injury in hairless mice and humans J. Invest. Dermatol. 109 1997 84 90 (Pubitemid 27305654)
66. K.R. Feingold The regulation and role of epidermal lipid synthesis Adv. Lipid Res. 24 1991 57 82
67. G.K. Menon, K.R. Feingold, A.H. Moser, B.E. Brown, and P.M. Elias De novo sterologenesis in the skin. II. Regulation by cutaneous barrier requirements J. Lipid Res. 26 1985 418 427 (Pubitemid 15099365)
68. K.R. Feingold, B.E. Brown, S.R. Lear, A.H. Moser, and P.M. Elias Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on cutaneous sterol synthesis J. Invest. Dermatol. 87 1986 588 591 (Pubitemid 17178887)
69. S.M. Jackson, L.C. Wood, S. Lauer, J.M. Taylor, A.D. Cooper, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Effect of cutaneous permeability barrier disruption on HMG-CoA reductase, LDL receptor, and apolipoprotein E mRNA levels in the epidermis of hairless mice J. Lipid Res. 33 1992 1307 1314
70. E. Proksch, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity in murine epidermis, modulation of enzyme content and activation state by barrier requirements J. Clin. Invest. 85 1990 874 882 (Pubitemid 20087491)
71. E. Proksch, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Epidermal HMG CoA reductase activity in essential fatty acid deficiency: barrier requirements rather than eicosanoid generation regulate cholesterol synthesis J. Invest. Dermatol. 99 1992 216 220
72. E. Proksch, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Localization and regulation of epidermal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity by barrier requirements Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1083 1991 71 79
73. I.R. Harris, A.M. Farrell, C. Grunfeld, W.M. Holleran, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Permeability barrier disruption coordinately regulates mRNA levels for key enzymes of cholesterol, fatty acid, and ceramide synthesis in the epidermis J. Invest. Dermatol. 109 1997 783 787 (Pubitemid 28053529)
74. S. Wu-Pong, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Influence of altered serum cholesterol levels and fasting on cutaneous cholesterol synthesis J. Invest. Dermatol. 102 1994 799 802 (Pubitemid 24144265)
75. K.R. Feingold, M.Q. Man, G.K. Menon, S.S. Cho, B.E. Brown, and P.M. Elias Cholesterol synthesis is required for cutaneous barrier function in mice J. Clin. Invest. 86 1990 1738 1745 (Pubitemid 20372628)
76. R. Mirza, S. Hayasaka, Y. Takagishi, F. Kambe, S. Ohmori, K. Maki, M. Yamamoto, K. Murakami, T. Kaji, D. Zadworny, Y. Murata, and H. Seo DHCR24 gene knockout mice demonstrate lethal dermopathy with differentiation and maturation defects in the epidermis J. Invest. Dermatol. 126 2006 638 647 (Pubitemid 43255654)
77. P.M. Elias, M.L. Williams, and K.R. Feingold Abnormal barrier function in the pathogenesis of ichthyosis: therapeutic implications for lipid metabolic disorders Clin. Dermatol. 30 2012 311 322
78. J. Canueto, M. Giros, and R. Gonzalez-Sarmiento The role of the abnormalities in the distal pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis in the Conradi-Hunermann-Happle syndrome Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 336 344
79. M.A. Seeger, and A.S. Paller The role of abnormalities in the distal pathway of cholesterol synthesis in the Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform erythroderma and Limb Defects (CHILD) syndrome Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 345 352
80. M. He, L.D. Smith, R. Chang, X. Li, and J. Vockley The role of sterol-C4-methyl oxidase in epidermal biology Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 331 335
81. F.L. Zhang, and P.J. Casey Protein prenylation: molecular mechanisms and functional consequences Ann. Rev. Biochem. 65 1996 241 269 (Pubitemid 26250610)
82. W.R. Schafer, and J. Rine Protein prenylation: genes, enzymes, targets, and functions Ann. Rev. Biochem. 26 1992 209 237
83. M. Denda, B.E. Brown, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Epidermal injury stimulates prenylation in the epidermis of hairless mice Arch. Dermatol. Res. 289 1997 104 110 (Pubitemid 27075576)
84. M. Denda, L.C. Wood, S. Emami, C. Calhoun, B.E. Brown, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold The epidermal hyperplasia associated with repeated barrier disruption by acetone treatment or tape stripping cannot be attributed to increased water loss Arch. Dermatol. Res. 288 1996 230 238 (Pubitemid 26152056)
85. Y.J. Jiang, B. Lu, P. Kim, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Regulation of ABCA1 expression in human keratinocytes and murine epidermis J. Lipid Res. 47 2006 2248 2258 (Pubitemid 44936135)
86. G. Grubauer, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Relationship of epidermal lipogenesis to cutaneous barrier function J. Lipid Res. 28 1987 746 752 (Pubitemid 17085974)
87. K.A. Ottey, L.C. Wood, C. Grunfeld, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Cutaneous permeability barrier disruption increases fatty acid synthetic enzyme activity in the epidermis of hairless mice J. Invest. Dermatol. 104 1995 401 404
88. M. Mao-Qiang, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Fatty acids are required for epidermal permeability barrier function J. Clin. Invest. 92 1993 791 798 (Pubitemid 23262400)
89. W.B. Rizzo The role of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase in epidermal structure and function Dermatol. Endocrinol. 3 2011 91 99
90. W.B. Rizzo Fatty aldehyde and fatty alcohol metabolism: review and importance for epidermal structure and function Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 377 389
91. D.J. Cameron, Z. Tong, Z. Yang, J. Kaminoh, S. Kamiyah, H. Chen, J. Zeng, Y. Chen, L. Luo, and K. Zhang Essential role of Elovl4 in very long chain fatty acid synthesis, skin permeability barrier function, and neonatal survival Int. J. Biol. Sci. 3 2007 111 119 (Pubitemid 46238637)
92. W. Li, R. Sandhoff, M. Kono, P. Zerfas, V. Hoffmann, B.C. Ding, R.L. Proia, and C.X. Deng Depletion of ceramides with very long chain fatty acids causes defective skin permeability barrier function, and neonatal lethality in ELOVL4 deficient mice Int. J. Biol. Sci. 3 2007 120 128 (Pubitemid 46232773)
93. A. McMahon, I.A. Butovich, N.L. Mata, M. Klein, R. Ritter III, J. Richardson, D.G. Birch, A.O. Edwards, and W. Kedzierski Retinal pathology and skin barrier defect in mice carrying a Stargardt disease-3 mutation in elongase of very long chain fatty acids-4 Mol. Vis. 13 2007 258 272 (Pubitemid 46323316)
94. V. Vasireddy, Y. Uchida, N. Salem Jr., S.Y. Kim, M.N. Mandal, G.B. Reddy, R. Bodepudi, N.L. Alderson, J.C. Brown, H. Hama, A. Dlugosz, P.M. Elias, W.M. Holleran, and R. Ayyagari Loss of functional ELOVL4 depletes very long-chain fatty acids (> = C28) and the unique {omega}-O-acylceramides in skin leading to neonatal death Hum. Mol. Genet. 16 2007 471 482 (Pubitemid 46522611)
95. Y. Mizutani, H. Sun, Y. Ohno, T. Sassa, T. Wakashima, M. Obara, K. Yuyama, A. Kihara, and Y. Igarashi Cooperative synthesis of ultra long-chain fatty acid and ceramide during keratinocyte differentiation PloS one 8 2013 e67317
96. T. Sassa, Y. Ohno, S. Suzuki, T. Nomura, C. Nishioka, T. Kashiwagi, T. Hirayama, M. Akiyama, R. Taguchi, H. Shimizu, S. Itohara, and A. Kihara Impaired epidermal permeability barrier in mice lacking elovl1, the gene responsible for very-long-chain fatty acid production Molecular and cellular biology 33 2013 2787 2796
97. M. Miyazaki, A. Dobrzyn, P.M. Elias, and J.M. Ntambi Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-2 gene expression is required for lipid synthesis during early skin and liver development Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 2005 12501 12506 (Pubitemid 41266388)
98. J.W. Fluhr, M. Mao-Qiang, B.E. Brown, P.W. Wertz, D. Crumrine, J.P. Sundberg, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Glycerol regulates stratum corneum hydration in sebaceous gland deficient (asebia) mice J. Invest. Dermatol. 120 2003 728 737 (Pubitemid 36529070)
99. E.H. Choi, M.Q. Man, F. Wang, X. Zhang, B.E. Brown, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Is endogenous glycerol a determinant of stratum corneum hydration in humans? J. Invest. Dermatol. 125 2005 288 293 (Pubitemid 41648162)
100. A.R. Brash, Z. Yu, W.E. Boeglin, and C. Schneider The hepoxilin connection in the epidermis The FEBS journal 274 2007 3494 3502 (Pubitemid 47052414)
101. G. Furstenberger, N. Epp, K.M. Eckl, H.C. Hennies, C. Jorgensen, P. Hallenborg, K. Kristiansen, and P. Krieg Role of epidermis-type lipoxygenases for skin barrier function and adipocyte differentiation Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators 82 2007 128 134 (Pubitemid 44880166)
102. M. Heidt, G. Furstenberger, S. Vogel, F. Marks, and P. Krieg Diversity of mouse lipoxygenases: identification of a subfamily of epidermal isozymes exhibiting a differentiation-dependent mRNA expression pattern Lipids 35 2000 701 707 (Pubitemid 30624535)
103. K.M. Eckl, P. Krieg, W. Kuster, H. Traupe, F. Andre, N. Wittstruck, G. Furstenberger, and H.C. Hennies Mutation spectrum and functional analysis of epidermis-type lipoxygenases in patients with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis Human mutation 26 2005 351 361 (Pubitemid 41361803)
104. F. Jobard, C. Lefevre, A. Karaduman, C. Blanchet-Bardon, S. Emre, J. Weissenbach, M. Ozguc, M. Lathrop, J.F. Prud'homme, and J. Fischer Lipoxygenase-3 (ALOXE3) and 12(R)-lipoxygenase (ALOX12B) are mutated in non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE) linked to chromosome 17p13.1 Hum. Mol. Genet. 11 2002 107 113 (Pubitemid 34100773)
105. Z. Yu, C. Schneider, W.E. Boeglin, and A.R. Brash Mutations associated with a congenital form of ichthyosis (NCIE) inactivate the epidermal lipoxygenases 12R-LOX and eLOX3 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1686 2005 238 247 (Pubitemid 40039150)
106. N. Epp, G. Furstenberger, K. Muller, S. de Juanes, M. Leitges, I. Hausser, F. Thieme, G. Liebisch, G. Schmitz, and P. Krieg 12R-lipoxygenase deficiency disrupts epidermal barrier function J. Cell Biol. 177 2007 173 182 (Pubitemid 46588410)
107. P. Krieg, and G. Furstenberger The role of lipoxygenases in epidermis Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 390 400
108. A. Munoz-Garcia, C.P. Thomas, D.S. Keeney, Y. Zheng, and A.R. Brash The importance of the lipoxygenase-hepoxilin pathway in the mammalian epidermal barrier Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 401 408
109. B. Bleck, C. Hohoff, B. Binas, B. Rustow, C. Dixkens, H. Hameister, T. Borchers, and F. Spener Cloning and chromosomal localisation of the murine epidermal-type fatty acid binding protein gene Fabpe Gene 215 1998 123 130 (Pubitemid 28359225)
110. P. Madsen, H.H. Rasmussen, H. Leffers, B. Honore, and J.E. Celis Molecular cloning and expression of a novel keratinocyte protein (psoriasis-associated fatty acid-binding protein [PA-FABP]) that is highly up-regulated in psoriatic skin and that shares similarity to fatty acid-binding proteins J. Invest. Dermatol. 99 1992 299 305
111. G. Siegenthaler, R. Hotz, D. Chatellard-Gruaz, L. Didierjean, U. Hellman, and J.H. Saurat Purification and characterization of the human epidermal fatty acid-binding protein: localization during epidermal cell differentiation in vivo and in vitro Biochem. J. 302 Pt 2 1994 363 371 (Pubitemid 24280086)
112. G. Siegenthaler, R. Hotz, D. Chatellard-Gruaz, S. Jaconi, and J.H. Saurat Characterization and expression of a novel human fatty acid-binding protein: the epidermal type E-FABP Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 190 1993 482 487 (Pubitemid 23209636)
113. I. Masouye, J.H. Saurat, and G. Siegenthaler Epidermal fatty-acid-binding protein in psoriasis, basal and squamous cell carcinomas: an immunohistological study Dermatology 192 1996 208 213 (Pubitemid 26139201)
114. R. Watanabe, H. Fujii, A. Yamamoto, H. Yamaguchi, T. Takenouchi, K. Kameda, M. Ito, and T. Ono Expression of cutaneous fatty acid-binding protein and its mRNA in rat skin Arch. Dermatol. Res. 288 1996 481 483 (Pubitemid 26282744)
115. Y. Owada, I. Suzuki, T. Noda, and H. Kondo Analysis on the phenotype of E-FABP-gene knockout mice Mol. Cell. Biochem. 239 2002 83 86 (Pubitemid 35385799)
116. Y. Owada, H. Takano, H. Yamanaka, H. Kobayashi, Y. Sugitani, Y. Tomioka, I. Suzuki, R. Suzuki, T. Terui, M. Mizugaki, H. Tagami, T. Noda, and H. Kondo Altered water barrier function in epidermal-type fatty acid binding protein-deficient mice J. Invest. Dermatol. 118 2002 430 435 (Pubitemid 34227159)
117. H. Yamaguchi, A. Yamamoto, R. Watanabe, N. Uchiyama, H. Fujii, T. Ono, and M. Ito High transepidermal water loss induces fatty acid synthesis and cutaneous fatty acid-binding protein expression in rat skin J. Dermatol. Sci. 17 1998 205 213 (Pubitemid 28341664)
118. M. Bloksgaard, D. Neess, N.J. Faergeman, and S. Mandrup Acyl-CoA binding protein and epidermal barrier function Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 369 376
119. R.A. Coleman, and D.P. Lee Enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis and their regulation Progress in lipid research 43 2004 134 176 (Pubitemid 37492937)
120. A.A. Wendel, T.M. Lewin, and R.A. Coleman Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: rate limiting enzymes of triacylglycerol biosynthesis Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1791 2009 501 506
121. R.E. Gimeno, and J. Cao Thematic review series: glycerolipids. Mammalian glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: new genes for an old activity J. Lipid Res. 49 2008 2079 2088
122. Y.J. Jiang, and K.R. Feingold The expression and regulation of enzymes mediating the biosynthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids in keratinocytes/epidermis Dermato-endocrinology 3 2011 70 76
123. H. Shindou, D. Hishikawa, T. Harayama, K. Yuki, and T. Shimizu Recent progress on acyl CoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase research J. Lipid Res. 50 Suppl. 2009 S46 S51
124. B. Lu, Y.J. Jiang, M.Q. Man, B. Brown, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Expression and regulation of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases in the epidermis J. Lipid Res. 46 2005 2448 2457 (Pubitemid 41532533)
125. K. Reue, and J.R. Dwyer Lipin proteins and metabolic homeostasis J. Lipid Res. 50 Suppl. 2009 S109 S114
126. C.L. Yen, S.J. Stone, S. Koliwad, C. Harris, and R.V. Farese Jr. Thematic review series: glycerolipids. DGAT enzymes and triacylglycerol biosynthesis J. Lipid Res. 49 2008 2283 2301
127. S.J. Stone, H.M. Myers, S.M. Watkins, B.E. Brown, K.R. Feingold, P.M. Elias, and R.V. Farese Jr. Lipopenia and skin barrier abnormalities in DGAT2-deficient mice J. Biol. Chem. 279 2004 11767 11776 (Pubitemid 38401682)
128. H.C. Chen, S.J. Smith, B. Tow, P.M. Elias, and R.V. Farese Jr. Leptin modulates the effects of acyl CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase deficiency on murine fur and sebaceous glands J. Clin. Invest. 109 2002 175 181 (Pubitemid 34083737)
129. F.P. Radner, and J. Fischer The important role of epidermal triacylglycerol metabolism for maintenance of the skin permeability barrier function Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2014 2014
130. P.M. Elias, M.L. Williams, W.M. Holleran, Y.J. Jiang, and M. Schmuth Pathogenesis of permeability barrier abnormalities in the ichthyoses: inherited disorders of lipid metabolism J. Lipid Res. 49 2008 697 714
131. F.P. Radner, S. Grond, G. Haemmerle, A. Lass, and R. Zechner Fat in the skin: triacylglycerol metabolism in keratinocytes and its role in the development of neutral lipid storage disease Dermato-endocrinology 3 2011 77 83
132. Y. Uchida, Y. Cho, S. Moradian, J. Kim, K. Nakajima, D. Crumrine, K. Park, M. Ujihara, M. Akiyama, H. Shimizu, W.M. Holleran, S. Sano, and P.M. Elias Neutral lipid storage leads to acylceramide deficiency, likely contributing to the pathogenesis of Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome J. Invest. Dermatol. 130 2010 2497 2499
133. C. Lefevre, F. Jobard, F. Caux, B. Bouadjar, A. Karaduman, R. Heilig, H. Lakhdar, A. Wollenberg, J.L. Verret, J. Weissenbach, M. Ozguc, M. Lathrop, J.F. Prud'homme, and J. Fischer Mutations in CGI-58, the gene encoding a new protein of the esterase/lipase/thioesterase subfamily, in Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69 2001 1002 1012 (Pubitemid 33015815)
134. R. Zechner, P.C. Kienesberger, G. Haemmerle, R. Zimmermann, and A. Lass Adipose triglyceride lipase and the lipolytic catabolism of cellular fat stores J. Lipid Res. 50 2009 3 21
135. E. Toulza, N.R. Mattiuzzo, M.F. Galliano, N. Jonca, C. Dossat, D. Jacob, A. de Daruvar, P. Wincker, G. Serre, and M. Guerrin Large-scale identification of human genes implicated in epidermal barrier function Genome biology 8 2007 R107
136. F.P. Radner, I.E. Streith, G. Schoiswohl, M. Schweiger, M. Kumari, T.O. Eichmann, G. Rechberger, H.C. Koefeler, S. Eder, S. Schauer, H.C. Theussl, K. Preiss-Landl, A. Lass, R. Zimmermann, G. Hoefler, R. Zechner, and G. Haemmerle Growth retardation, impaired triacylglycerol catabolism, hepatic steatosis, and lethal skin barrier defect in mice lacking comparative gene identification-58 CGI-58 J. Biol. Chem. 285 2010 7300 7311
137. S. Israeli, Z. Khamaysi, D. Fuchs-Telem, J. Nousbeck, R. Bergman, O. Sarig, and E. Sprecher A mutation in LIPN, encoding epidermal lipase N, causes a late-onset form of autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis Am. J. Hum. Genet. 88 2011 482 487
138. W.M. Holleran, K.R. Feingold, M.Q. Man, W.N. Gao, J.M. Lee, and P.M. Elias Regulation of epidermal sphingolipid synthesis by permeability barrier function J. Lipid Res. 32 1991 1151 1158
139. W.M. Holleran, W.N. Gao, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Localization of epidermal sphingolipid synthesis and serine palmitoyl transferase activity: alterations imposed by permeability barrier requirements Arch. Dermatol. Res. 287 1995 254 258
140. W.M. Holleran, M.Q. Man, W.N. Gao, G.K. Menon, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Sphingolipids are required for mammalian epidermal barrier function. Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis delays barrier recovery after acute perturbation J. Clin. Invest. 88 1991 1338 1345
141. M. Rabionet, K. Gorgas, and R. Sandhoff Ceramide synthesis in the epidermis Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 422 434
142. C.S. Chujor, K.R. Feingold, P.M. Elias, and W.M. Holleran Glucosylceramide synthase activity in murine epidermis: quantitation, localization, regulation, and requirement for barrier homeostasis J. Lipid Res. 39 1998 277 285 (Pubitemid 28100665)
143. G.N. Sando, E.J. Howard, and K.C. Madison Induction of ceramide glucosyltransferase activity in cultured human keratinocytes. Correlation with culture differentiation J. Biol. Chem. 271 1996 22044 22051 (Pubitemid 26303831)
144. R. Jennemann, R. Sandhoff, L. Langbein, S. Kaden, U. Rothermel, H. Gallala, K. Sandhoff, H. Wiegandt, and H.J. Grone Integrity and barrier function of the epidermis critically depend on glucosylceramide synthesis J. Biol. Chem. 282 2007 3083 3094 (Pubitemid 47084363)
145. R. Jennemann, M. Rabionet, K. Gorgas, S. Epstein, A. Dalpke, U. Rothermel, A. Bayerle, F. van der Hoeven, S. Imgrund, J. Kirsch, W. Nickel, K. Willecke, H. Riezman, H.J. Grone, and R. Sandhoff Loss of ceramide synthase 3 causes lethal skin barrier disruption Hum. Mol. Genet. 21 2012 586 608
146. K.M. Eckl, R. Tidhar, H. Thiele, V. Oji, I. Hausser, S. Brodesser, M.L. Preil, A. Onal-Akan, F. Stock, D. Muller, K. Becker, R. Casper, G. Nurnberg, J. Altmuller, P. Nurnberg, H. Traupe, A.H. Futerman, and H.C. Hennies Impaired epidermal ceramide synthesis causes autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and reveals the importance of ceramide acyl chain length J. Invest. Dermatol. 133 2013 2202 2211
147. F.P. Radner, S. Marrakchi, P. Kirchmeier, G.J. Kim, F. Ribierre, B. Kamoun, L. Abid, M. Leipoldt, H. Turki, W. Schempp, R. Heilig, M. Lathrop, and J. Fischer Mutations in CERS3 cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in humans PLoS genetics 9 2013 e1003536
148. C. Tawada, H. Kanoh, M. Nakamura, Y. Mizutani, T. Fujisawa, Y. Banno, and M. Seishima J. Invest. Dermatol. 2013 10.1038/jid.2013.364 (this issue) (Sep. 5, Electronic publication ahead of print)
149. R. Ghadially, B.E. Brown, K. Hanley, J.T. Reed, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Decreased epidermal lipid synthesis accounts for altered barrier function in aged mice J. Invest. Dermatol. 106 1996 1064 1069 (Pubitemid 26153509)
150. E.M. Zettersten, R. Ghadially, K.R. Feingold, D. Crumrine, and P.M. Elias Optimal ratios of topical stratum corneum lipids improve barrier recovery in chronologically aged skin J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 37 1997 403 408 (Pubitemid 27430637)
151. M.J. Behne, N.P. Barry, K.M. Hanson, I. Aronchik, R.W. Clegg, E. Gratton, K. Feingold, W.M. Holleran, P.M. Elias, and T.M. Mauro Neonatal development of the stratum corneum pH gradient: localization and mechanisms leading to emergence of optimal barrier function J. Invest. Dermatol. 120 2003 998 1006 (Pubitemid 36702910)
152. J.W. Fluhr, M.Q. Man, J.P. Hachem, D. Crumrine, T.M. Mauro, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Topical peroxisome proliferator activated receptor activators accelerate postnatal stratum corneum acidification J. Invest. Dermatol. 129 2009 365 374
153. J.W. Fluhr, D. Crumrine, M. Mao-Qiang, D.G. Moskowitz, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Topical liver x receptor activators accelerate postnatal acidification of stratum corneum and improve function in the neonate J. Invest. Dermatol. 125 2005 1206 1214
154. J.S. Kao, J.W. Fluhr, M.Q. Man, A.J. Fowler, J.P. Hachem, D. Crumrine, S.K. Ahn, B.E. Brown, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Short-term glucocorticoid treatment compromises both permeability barrier homeostasis and stratum corneum integrity: inhibition of epidermal lipid synthesis accounts for functional abnormalities J. Invest. Dermatol. 120 2003 456 464 (Pubitemid 36298433)
155. M. Denda, T. Tsuchiya, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Stress alters cutaneous permeability barrier homeostasis Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 278 2000 R367 R372
156. A. Garg, M.M. Chren, L.P. Sands, M.S. Matsui, K.D. Marenus, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Psychological stress perturbs epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis: implications for the pathogenesis of stress-associated skin disorders Arch. Dermatol. 137 2001 53 59 (Pubitemid 32096358)
157. N. Muizzuddin, M.S. Matsui, K.D. Marenus, and D.H. Maes Impact of stress of marital dissolution on skin barrier recovery: tape stripping and measurement of trans-epidermal water loss TEWL Skin Res. Technol. 9 2003 34 38 (Pubitemid 36621685)
158. M. Altemus, B. Rao, F.S. Dhabhar, W. Ding, and R.D. Granstein Stress-induced changes in skin barrier function in healthy women J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 2001 309 317 (Pubitemid 34205716)
159. E.H. Choi, B.E. Brown, D. Crumrine, S. Chang, M.Q. Man, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Mechanisms by which psychologic stress alters cutaneous permeability barrier homeostasis and stratum corneum integrity J. Invest. Dermatol. 124 2005 587 595 (Pubitemid 40381582)
160. E.H. Choi, M. Demerjian, D. Crumrine, B.E. Brown, T. Mauro, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Glucocorticoid blockade reverses psychological stress-induced abnormalities in epidermal structure and function Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 291 2006 R1657 R1662
161. K.M. Aberg, K.A. Radek, E.H. Choi, D.K. Kim, M. Demerjian, M. Hupe, J. Kerbleski, R.L. Gallo, T. Ganz, T. Mauro, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Psychological stress downregulates epidermal antimicrobial peptide expression and increases severity of cutaneous infections in mice J. Clin. Invest. 117 2007 3339 3349 (Pubitemid 350096990)
162. K.M. Aberg, M.Q. Man, R.L. Gallo, T. Ganz, D. Crumrine, B.E. Brown, E.H. Choi, D.K. Kim, J.M. Schroder, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Co-regulation and interdependence of the mammalian epidermal permeability and antimicrobial barriers J. Invest. Dermatol. 128 2008 917 925 (Pubitemid 351374295)
163. J.M. Jensen, S. Pfeiffer, T. Akaki, J.M. Schroder, M. Kleine, C. Neumann, E. Proksch, and J. Brasch Barrier function, epidermal differentiation, and human beta-defensin 2 expression in tinea corporis J. Invest. Dermatol. 127 2007 1720 1727 (Pubitemid 46933440)
164. M.M. Man, K.R. Feingold, C.R. Thornfeldt, and P.M. Elias Optimization of physiological lipid mixtures for barrier repair J. Invest. Dermatol. 106 1996 1096 1101 (Pubitemid 26153514)
165. M.Q. Man, K.R. Feingold, and P.M. Elias Exogenous lipids influence permeability barrier recovery in acetone-treated murine skin Arch. Dermatol. 129 1993 728 738 (Pubitemid 23172776)
166. L. Yang, M. Mao-Qiang, M. Taljebini, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Topical stratum corneum lipids accelerate barrier repair after tape stripping, solvent treatment and some but not all types of detergent treatment Br. J. Dermatol. 133 1995 679 685
167. K.R. Feingold, M.Q. Man, E. Proksch, G.K. Menon, B.E. Brown, and P.M. Elias The lovastatin-treated rodent: a new model of barrier disruption and epidermal hyperplasia J. Invest. Dermatol. 96 1991 201 209
168. G.K. Menon, K.R. Feingold, M. Mao-Qiang, M. Schaude, and P.M. Elias Structural basis for the barrier abnormality following inhibition of HMG CoA reductase in murine epidermis J. Invest. Dermatol. 98 1992 209 219
169. A.K. Bhattacharyya, W.E. Connor, and A.A. Spector Excretion of sterols from the skin of normal and hypercholesterolemic humans. Implications for sterol balance studies J. Clin. Invest. 51 1972 2060 2070
170. T. Nikkari, P.H. Schreibman, and E.H. Ahrens Jr. Isotope kinetics of human skin cholesterol secretion J. Exp. Med. 141 1975 620 634
171. A.K. Bhattacharyya, W.E. Connor, and D.S. Lin The origin of plant sterols in the skin surface lipids in humans: from diet to plasma to skin J. Invest. Dermatol. 80 1983 294 296 (Pubitemid 13162018)
172. T. Nikkari, P.H. Schreibman, and E.H. Ahrens Jr. In vivo studies of sterol and squalene secretion by human skin J. Lipid Res. 15 1974 563 573
173. R.S. Chapkin, and V.A. Ziboh Inability of skin enzyme preparations to biosynthesize arachidonic acid from linoleic acid Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 124 1984 784 792 (Pubitemid 15219693)
174. R.S. Chapkin, V.A. Ziboh, C.L. Marcelo, and J.J. Voorhees Metabolism of essential fatty acids by human epidermal enzyme preparations: evidence of chain elongation J. Lipid Res. 27 1986 945 954 (Pubitemid 17179137)
175. D.J. Reynolds, R. Marks, M.G. Davies, and P.J. Dykes The fatty acid composition of skin and plasma lipids in Refsum's disease Clin. Chim. Acta 90 1978 171 177 (Pubitemid 9061063)
176. K. Tsuji, S. Mitsutake, J. Ishikawa, Y. Takagi, M. Akiyama, H. Shimizu, T. Tomiyama, and Y. Igarashi Dietary glucosylceramide improves skin barrier function in hairless mice J. Dermatol. Sci. 44 2006 101 107 (Pubitemid 44499011)
177. M. Ponec, L. Havekes, J. Kempenaar, S. Lavrijsen, M. Wijsman, J. Boonstra, and B.J. Vermeer Calcium-mediated regulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor and intracellular cholesterol synthesis in human epidermal keratinocytes J. Cell. Physiol. 125 1985 98 106 (Pubitemid 15012074)
178. M.F. te Pas, P. Lombardi, L.M. Havekes, J. Boonstra, and M. Ponec Regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor expression during keratinocyte differentiation J. Invest. Dermatol. 97 1991 334 339
179. M.L. Williams, A.M. Mommaas-Kienhuis, S.L. Rutherford, S. Grayson, B.J. Vermeer, and P.M. Elias Free sterol metabolism and low density lipoprotein receptor expression as differentiation markers of cultured human keratinocytes J. Cell. Physiol. 132 1987 428 440 (Pubitemid 18005468)
180. M. Mommaas, J. Tada, and M. Ponec Distribution of low-density lipoprotein receptors and apolipoprotein B on normal and on reconstructed human epidermis J. Dermatol. Sci. 2 1991 97 105
181. A.M. Mommaas-Kienhuis, S. Grayson, M.C. Wijsman, B.J. Vermeer, and P.M. Elias Low density lipoprotein receptor expression on keratinocytes in normal and psoriatic epidermis J. Invest. Dermatol. 89 1987 513 517 (Pubitemid 17158526)
182. H. Tsuruoka, W. Khovidhunkit, B.E. Brown, J.W. Fluhr, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Scavenger receptor class B type I is expressed in cultured keratinocytes and epidermis. Regulation in response to changes in cholesterol homeostasis and barrier requirements J. Biol. Chem. 277 2002 2916 2922 (Pubitemid 34953325)
183. R.M. Barra, E.S. Fenjves, and L.B. Taichman Secretion of apolipoprotein E by basal cells in cultures of epidermal keratinocytes J. Invest. Dermatol. 102 1994 61 66 (Pubitemid 24039564)
184. D.A. Gordon, E.S. Fenjves, D.L. Williams, and L.B. Taichman Synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein E by cultured human keratinocytes J. Invest. Dermatol. 92 1989 96 99 (Pubitemid 19027699)
185. E.S. Fenjves, D.A. Gordon, L.K. Pershing, D.L. Williams, and L.B. Taichman Systemic distribution of apolipoprotein E secreted by grafts of epidermal keratinocytes: implications for epidermal function and gene therapy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86 1989 8803 8807 (Pubitemid 20010313)
186. S. Grehan, C. Allan, E. Tse, D. Walker, and J.M. Taylor Expression of the apolipoprotein E gene in the skin is controlled by a unique downstream enhancer J. Invest. Dermatol. 116 2001 77 84 (Pubitemid 32108757)
187. L. Fu, I. Matsuyama, T. Chiba, Y. Xing, T. Korenaga, Z. Guo, X. Fu, J. Nakayama, M. Mori, and K. Higuchi Extrahepatic expression of apolipoprotein A-II in mouse tissues: possible contribution to mouse senile amyloidosis J. Histochem. Cytochem. 49 2001 739 748
188. S. Urieli-Shoval, P. Cohen, S. Eisenberg, and Y. Matzner Widespread expression of serum amyloid A in histologically normal human tissues. Predominant localization to the epithelium J. Histochem. Cytochem. 46 1998 1377 1384 (Pubitemid 28555406)
189. M.I. Concha, S. Molina, C. Oyarzun, J. Villanueva, and R. Amthauer Local expression of apolipoprotein A-I gene and a possible role for HDL in primary defence in the carp skin Fish Shellfish Immunol. 14 2003 259 273 (Pubitemid 36339520)
190. P. Tarugi, L. Albertazzi, S. Nicolini, E. Ottaviani, and S. Calandra Synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein A-I by chick skin J. Biol. Chem. 266 1991 7714 7720 (Pubitemid 21906423)
191. K.M. Smith, R.M. Lawn, and J.N. Wilcox Cellular localization of apolipoprotein D and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase mRNA in rhesus monkey tissues by in situ hybridization J. Lipid Res. 31 1990 995 1004 (Pubitemid 20197801)
192. C.J. Fielding, and P.E. Fielding Molecular physiology of reverse cholesterol transport J. Lipid Res. 36 1995 211 228
193. N. Schurer, V. Schliep, and M.L. Williams Differential utilization of linoleic and arachidonic acid by cultured human keratinocytes Skin Pharmacol. 8 1995 30 40
194. N.Y. Schurer, W. Stremmel, J.U. Grundmann, V. Schliep, H. Kleinert, N.M. Bass, and M.L. Williams Evidence for a novel keratinocyte fatty acid uptake mechanism with preference for linoleic acid: comparison of oleic and linoleic acid uptake by cultured human keratinocytes, fibroblasts and a human hepatoma cell line Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1211 1994 51 60 (Pubitemid 24055345)
195. I.R. Harris, A.M. Farrell, R.A. Memon, C. Grunfeld, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Expression and regulation of mRNA for putative fatty acid transport related proteins and fatty acyl CoA synthase in murine epidermis and cultured human keratinocytes J. Invest. Dermatol. 111 1998 722 726 (Pubitemid 28509308)
196. L. Juhlin Expression of CD36 (OKM5) antigen on epidermal cells in normal and diseased skin Acta Derm. Venereol. 69 1989 403 406 (Pubitemid 19226106)
197. M. Schmuth, A.M. Ortegon, M. Mao-Qiang, P.M. Elias, K.R. Feingold, and A. Stahl Differential expression of fatty acid transport proteins in epidermis and skin appendages J. Invest. Dermatol. 125 2005 1174 1181
198. T. Herrmann, F. van der Hoeven, H.J. Grone, A.F. Stewart, L. Langbein, I. Kaiser, G. Liebisch, I. Gosch, F. Buchkremer, W. Drobnik, G. Schmitz, and W. Stremmel Mice with targeted disruption of the fatty acid transport protein 4 (Fatp 4, Slc27a4) gene show features of lethal restrictive dermopathy J. Cell Biol. 161 2003 1105 1115 (Pubitemid 36870172)
199. C.L. Moulson, D.R. Martin, J.J. Lugus, J.E. Schaffer, A.C. Lind, and J.H. Miner Cloning of wrinkle-free, a previously uncharacterized mouse mutation, reveals crucial roles for fatty acid transport protein 4 in skin and hair development Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100 2003 5274 5279 (Pubitemid 36542695)
200. C.L. Moulson, M.H. Lin, J.M. White, E.P. Newberry, N.O. Davidson, and J.H. Miner Keratinocyte-specific expression of fatty acid transport protein 4 rescues the wrinkle free phenotype in Slc27a4/Fatp4 mutant mice J. Biol. Chem. 282 21 2007 15912 15920 (Pubitemid 47093318)
201. M.H. Lin, and D. Khnykin Fatty acid transporters in skin development, function and disease Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 362 368
202. R. Ghadially, L. Halkier-Sorensen, and P.M. Elias Effects of petrolatum on stratum corneum structure and function J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 26 1992 387 396
203. P. Elias Fixing the barrier - theory and rational deployment P. Elias, K. Feingold, Skin Barrier 2006 Taylor & Francis New York 591 599
204. S.L. Chamlin, I.J. Frieden, A. Fowler, M. Williams, J. Kao, M. Sheu, and P.M. Elias Ceramide-dominant, barrier-repair lipids improve childhood atopic dermatitis Arch. Dermatol. 137 2001 1110 1112 (Pubitemid 32756480)
205. A. Haratake, Y. Uchida, M. Schmuth, O. Tanno, R. Yasuda, J.H. Epstein, P.M. Elias, and W.M. Holleran UVB-induced alterations in permeability barrier function: roles for epidermal hyperproliferation and thymocyte-mediated response J. Invest. Dermatol. 108 1997 769 775 (Pubitemid 27192352)
206. W.M. Holleran, Y. Uchida, L. Halkier-Sorensen, A. Haratake, M. Hara, J.H. Epstein, and P.M. Elias Structural and biochemical basis for the UVB-induced alterations in epidermal barrier function Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 13 1997 117 128 (Pubitemid 28023149)
207. M.L. Williams, K. Hanley, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Ontogeny of the epidermal permeability barrier J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 3 1998 75 79 (Pubitemid 29135199)
208. M. Schmuth, A. Sztankay, G. Weinlich, D.M. Linder, M.A. Wimmer, P.O. Fritsch, and E. Fritsch Permeability barrier function of skin exposed to ionizing radiation Arch. Dermatol. 137 2001 1019 1023 (Pubitemid 32756459)
209. M. Schmuth, Y.J. Jiang, S. Dubrac, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Thematic review series: skin lipids. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and liver X receptors in epidermal biology J. Lipid Res. 49 2008 499 509
210. K.R. Feingold, and Y.J. Jiang The mechanisms by which lipids coordinately regulate the formation of the protein and lipid domains of the stratum corneum: role of fatty acids, oxysterols, cholesterol sulfate and ceramides as signaling molecules Dermatol. Endocrinol. 3 2011 113 118
211. M. Schmuth, V. Moosbrugger-Martinz, S. Blunder, and S. Dubrac Role of PPAR, LXR, and PXR in epidermal homeostasis and inflammation Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 463 473
212. Y. Uchida Ceramide signaling in mammalian epidermis Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1841 2014 453 462
213. L. Eckhart, S. Lippens, E. Tschachler, and W. Declercq Cell death by cornification Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1833 12 2013 3471 3480
214. M. Demerjian, J.P. Hachem, E. Tschachler, G. Denecker, W. Declercq, P. Vandenabeele, T. Mauro, M. Hupe, D. Crumrine, T. Roelandt, E. Houben, P.M. Elias, and K.R. Feingold Acute modulations in permeability barrier function regulate epidermal cornification: role of caspase-14 and the protease-activated receptor type 2 Am. J. Pathol. 172 2008 86 97 (Pubitemid 351186371)