Transmission Electron Microscopy as Nanolab

Handbook of Nanoscopy

Volumn 1, Issue , 2012, Pages 345-374

  Tichelaar, Frans D ^a   Van Huis, Marijn A ^a   Zandbergen, Henny W ^a  

^a DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Carbon nanotubes; Cathodoluminescence; Electromigration; Focused ion beam; Graphene; Hydrogen storage; MEMS nanoreactor; Nano sculpting; Nanolab; Nanoparticles; Nanowires; Transmission electron microscopy

Indexed keywords

EID: 84881080147     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527641864.ch10     Document Type: Chapter

References (76)

1. Heersche, H.B., Lientschnig, G., O'Neill, K., van der Zant, H.S.J., and Zandbergen, H.W. (2007) In situ imaging of electromigration-induced nanogap formation by transmission electron microscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett., 91 (7), 072107.
2. Gao, B., Rudneva, M., McGarrity, K.S., Xu, Q., Prins, F., Thijssen, J.M., Zandbergen, H.W., and van der Zant, H.S.J. (2011) In-situ transmission electron microscopy imaging of grain growth in a platinum nanobridge induced by electric current annealing. Nanotechnology, 22, 205705.
3. Rudneva, M., Gao, B., van der Zant, H.S.J., and Zandbergen, H.W. (2010) In-situ electrical characterization combined with simultaneous TEM observation. Proceedings International Microscopy Congress 17, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, September 19-24, 2010 (eds G. Solórzano and W. de Souza), p. M19.14.
4. Golberg, D., Costa, P.M.F.J., Mitome, M., and Bando, Y. (2008) In-situ TEM electrical and mechanical properties measurements of one-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials. 2nd IEEE International Nanoelectronics Conference, 2008, Vols. 1-3, 1127-1131.
5. Costa, P., Golberg, D., Mitome, M., and Bando, Y. (2007) Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube structure tailoring and time-resolved transport measurements in a transmission electron microscope. Appl. Phys. Lett., 91 (22), 223108.
6. Young, N.P., van Huis, M.A., Zandbergen, H.W., Xu, H., and Kirkland, A.I. (2010) Transformations of gold nanoparticles investigated using variable temperature high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy, 110 (5), 506-516.
7. van Huis, M.A., Young, N.P., Pandraud, G., Creemer, J.F., Vanmaekelbergh, D., Kirkland, A.I., and Zandbergen, H.W. (2009) Atomic imaging of phase transitions and morphology transformations in nanocrystals. Adv. Mater., 21 (48), 4992-4995.
8. Novoselov, K.S., Geim, A.K., Morozov, S.V., Jiang, D., Zhang, Y., Dubonos, S.V., Grigorieva, I.V., and Firsov, A.A. (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 306 (5296), 666-669.
9. Castro Neto, A.H., Guinea, F., Peres, N.M.R., Novoselov, K.S., and Geim, A.K. (2009) The electronic properties of graphene. Rev. Mod. Phys., 81 (1), 109-162.
10. Girit, C.O., Meyer, J.C., Erni, R., Rossell, M.D., Kisielowski, C., Yang, L., Park, C.H., Crommie, M.F., Cohen, M.L., Louie, S.G. et al. (2009) Graphene at the edge: stability and dynamics. Science, 323 (5922), 1705-1708.
11. Lee, C., Wei, X.D., Kysar, J.W., and Hone, J. (2008) Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science, 321 (5887), 385-388.
12. Garaj, S., Hubbard, W., Reina, A., Kong, J., Branton, D., and Golovchenko, J.A. (2010) Graphene as a subnanometre trans-electrode membrane. Nature, 467 (7312), 190-193.
13. Postma, H.W.C. (2010) Rapid sequencing of individual DNA molecules in graphene nanogaps. Nano Lett., 10 (2), 420-425.
14. Schneider, G.F., Kowalczyk, S.W., Calado, V.E., Pandraud, G., Zandbergen, H.W., Vandersypen, L.M.K., and Dekker, C. (2010) DNA translocation through graphene nanopores. Nano Lett., 10 (8), 3163-3167.
15. Song, B., Schneider, G.F., Xu, Q., Pandraud, G., Dekker, C., and Zandbergen, H.W. (2011) Atomic-scale electron-beam sculpting of defect-free graphene nanostructures. Nano Lett., 11 (6), 2247-2250.
16. Figuerola, A., van Huis, M., Zanella, M., Genovese, A., Marras, S., Falqui, A., Zandbergen, H.W., Cingolani, R., and Manna, L. (2010) Epitaxial CdSe-Au nanocrystal heterostructures by thermal annealing. Nano Lett., 10 (8), 3028-3036.
17. Baker, R.T.K., Barber, M.A., Waite, R.J., Harris, P.S., and Feates, F.S. (1972) Nucleation and growth of carbon deposits from nickel catalyzed decomposition of acetylene. J. Catal., 26 (1), 51-62.
18. Creemer, J.F., Helveg, S., Kooyman, P.J., Molenbroek, A.M., Zandbergen, H.W., and Sarro, P.M. (2010) A MEMS reactor for atomic-scale microscopy of nanomaterials under industrially relevant conditions. J. Microelectromech. Syst., 19 (2), 254-264.
19. de Smit, E., Swart, I., Creemer, J.F., Hoveling, G.H., Gilles, M.K., Tyliszczak, T., Kooyman, P.J., Zandbergen, H.W., Morin, C., Weckhuysen, B.M. et al. (2008) Nanoscale chemical imaging of a working catalyst by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. Nature, 456 (7219), 222-225.
20. Creemer, J.F., Helveg, S., Hoveling, G.H., Ullmann, S., Molenbroek, A.M., Sarro, P.M., and Zandbergen, H.W. (2008) Atomic-scale electron microscopy at ambient pressure. Ultramicroscopy, 108 (9), 993-998.
21. Yokosawa, T., Alan, T., Pandraud, G., de Kruijff, T.R., Dam, B., and zandbergen, H.W. (2011) In-situ TEM at 1-4 bar hydrogen pressure on hydrogen storage materials. Ultramicroscopy, 112 (1), 47-52.
22. Parkinson, G.M. (1989) High-resolution in situ controlled-atmosphere transmission electron microscopy (CATEM) of heterogeneous catalysts. Catal. Lett., 2 (5), 303-307.
23. Alan, T., Gaspar, J., Paul, O., Zandbergen, H.W., Creemer, F., and Sarro, P.M. (2010) Characterization of ultrathin membranes to enable tem observation of gas reactions at high pressures. IMECE 2009: Proceedings of the Asme International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Vol. 11, pp. 327-331.
24. http://www.hummingbirdscientific.com (accessed December 30 2011).
25. Mele, L., Santagata, F., Pandraud, G., Morana, B., Tichelaar, F.D., Creemer, J.F., and Sarro, P.M. (2010) Wafer-level assembly and sealing of a MEMS nanoreactor for in situ microscopy. J. Micromech. Microeng., 20 (8), 085040.
26. Maeland, A.J., and Gibb, T.R.P. (1961) X-Ray diffraction observations of Pd-H2 system through critical region. J. Phys. Chem., 65 (7), 1270.
27. de Jonge, N., Bigelow, W.C., and Veith, G.M. (2010) Atmospheric pressure scanning transmission electron microscopy. Nano Lett., 10 (3), 1028-1031.
28. Swift, J.A., and Brown, A.C. (1970) Environmental cell for examination of wet biological specimens at atmospheric pressure by transmission scanning electron microscopy. J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., 3 (11), 924.
29. Butler, E.P. and Hale, K.F. (1981) Dynamic Experiments in the Electron Microscope, North-Holland (Elsevier), Amsterdam.
30. Radisic, A., Ross, F.M., and Searson, P.C. (2006) In situ study of the growth kinetics of individual island electrodeposition of copper. J. Phys. Chem. B, 110 (15), 7862-7868.
31. Radisic, A., Vereecken, P.M., Hannon, J.B., Searson, P.C., and Ross, F.M. (2006) Quantifying electrochemical nucleation and growth of nanoscale clusters using real-time kinetic data. Nano Lett., 6 (2), 238-242.
32. Ross, F.M. (2006) in Science of Microscopy (eds P.W. Hawkes and J.C. Spence), Kluwer Publishers, pp. 445-534.
33. Zheng, H.M., Smith, R.K., Jun, Y.W., Kisielowski, C., Dahmen, U., and Alivisatos, A.P. (2009) Observation of single colloidal platinum nanocrystal growth trajectories. Science, 324 (5932), 1309-1312.
34. Grogan, J.M. and Bau, H.H. (2010) The nanoaquarium: a platform for in situ transmission electron microscopy in liquid media. J. Microelectromech. Syst., 19 (4), 885-894.
35. Sugi, H., Akimoto, T., Sutoh, K., Chaen, S., Oishi, N., and Suzuki, S. (1997) Dynamic electron microscopy of ATP-induced myosin head movement in living muscle thick filaments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94 (9), 4378-4382.
36. Fukami, A. and Murakami, S. (1979) Progress of electron-microscopy of wet specimens using film-sealed environmental cell - its serious problems for biological-materials. J. Electron Microsc., 28, S41-S48.
37. Kohyama, N., Fukushima, K., and Fukami, A. (1979) Observation for hydrate form of clay-minerals by means of environmental cell method. J. Electron Microsc., 28 (3), 258-259.
38. Ross, F.M., Williamson, M.J., Tromp, R.M., Hull, R., and Vereecken, P.M. (2002) In situ transmission electron microscopy of copper electrodeposition. Microsc. Microanal., 8 (S02), 420-421.
39. den Heijer, M. (2008) In-situ transmission electron microscopy of electrodeposition. MSc thesis, Delft University of Technology, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, pp. 1-118.
40. Williamson, M.J., Tromp, R.M., Vereecken, P.M., Hull, R., and Ross, F.M. (2003) Dynamic microscopy of nanoscale cluster growth at the solid-liquid interface. Nat. Mater., 2 (8), 532-536.
41. Garrett, B.C., Dixon, D.A., Camaioni, D.M., Chipman, D.M., Johnson, M.A., Jonah, C.D., Kimmel, G.A., Miller, J.H., Rescigno, T.N., Rossky, P.J. et al. (2005) Role of water in electron-initiated processes and radical chemistry: Issues and scientific advances. Chem. Rev., 105 (1), 355-389.
42. Reimer, L. (1997) Transmission Electron Microscopy; Physics of Image Formation and Microanalysis, Springer, Berlin.
43. de Abajo, F.J.G. (2010) Optical excitations in electron microscopy. Rev. Mod. Phys., 82 (1), 209-275.
44. Dierre, B., Yuan, X.L., and Sekiguchi, T. (2010) Low-energy cathodoluminescence microscopy for the characterization of nanostructures. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 11 (4), 043001.
45. Yamamoto, N., Araya, K., and de Abajo, F.J.G. (2001) Photon emission from silver particles induced by a high-energy electron beam. Phys. Rev. B, 6420 (20), 9.
46. Strunk, H.P., Albrecht, M., and Scheel, H. (2006) Cathodoluminescence in transmission electron microscopy. J. Microsc. (Oxford), 224, 79-85.
47. Zagonel, L.F., Mazzucco, S., Tence, M., March, K., Bernard, R., Laslier, B., Jacopin, G., Tchernycheva, M., Rigutti, L., Julien, F.H. et al. (2011) Nanometer scale spectral imaging of quantum emitters in nanowires and its correlation to their atomically resolved structure. Nano Letters, 11, 568.
48. Troiani, H.E., Miki-Yoshida, M., Camacho-Bragado, G.A., Marques, M.A.L., Rubio, A., Ascencio, J.A., and Jose-Yacaman, M. (2003) Direct observation of the mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes and their junctions at the atomic level. Nano Lett., 3 (6), 751-755.
49. Takai, Y., Kawasaki, T., Kimura, Y., Ikuta, T., and Shimizu, R. (2001) Dynamic observation of an atom-sized gold wire by phase electron microscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett., 8710 (10), 106105.
50. Rodrigues, V., Fuhrer, T., and Ugarte, D. (2000) Signature of atomic structure in the quantum conductance of gold nanowires. Phys. Rev. Lett., 85 (19), 4124-4127.
51. Remeika, M. and Bezryadin, A. (2005) Sub-10 nanometre fabrication: molecular templating, electron-beam sculpting and crystallization of metallic nanowires. Nanotechnology, 16 (8), 1172-1176.
52. Oshima, Y., Kondo, Y., and Takayanagi, K. (2003) High-resolution ultrahigh-vacuum electron microscopy of helical gold nanowires: junction and thinning process. J. Electron Microsc., 52 (1), 49-55.
53. Kondo, Y. and Takayanagi, K. (1997) Gold nanobridge stabilized by surface structure. Phys. Rev. Lett., 79 (18), 3455-3458.
54. Kizuka, T. (1998) Atomic process of point contact in gold studied by time-resolved high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett., 81 (20), 4448-4451.
55. Zandbergen, H.W., van Duuren, R.J.H.A., Alkemade, P.F.A., Lientschnig, G., Vasquez, O., Dekker, C., and Tichelaar, F.D. (2005) Sculpting nanoelectrodes with a transmission electron beam for electrical and geometrical characterization of nanoparticles. Nano Lett., 5 (3), 549-553.
56. Wu, M.Y., Smeets, R.M.M., Zandbergen, M., Ziese, U., Krapf, D., Batson, P.E., Dekker, N.H., Dekker, C., and Zandbergen, H.W. (2009) Control of shape and material composition of solid-state nanopores. Nano Lett., 9 (1), 479-484.
57. van den Hout, M., Hall, A.R., Wu, M.Y., Zandbergen, H.W., Dekker, C., and Dekker, N.H. (2010) Controlling nanopore size, shape and stability. Nanotechnology, 21 (11), 115304.
58. Storm, A.J., Chen, J.H., Ling, X.S., Zandbergen, H.W., and Dekker, C. (2003) Fabrication of solid-state nanopores with single-nanometre precision. Nat. Mater., 2 (8), 537-540.
59. Krapf, D., Wu, M.Y., Smeets, R.M.M., Zandbergen, H.W., Dekker, C., and Lemay, S.G. (2006) Fabrication and characterization of nanopore-based electrodes with radii down to 2 nm. Nano Lett., 6 (1), 105-109.
60. Bezryadin, A., Dekker, C., and Schmid, G. (1997) Electrostatic trapping of single conducting nanoparticles between nanoelectrodes. Appl. Phys. Lett., 71 (9), 1273-1275.
61. Kim, M.J., Wanunu, M., Bell, D.C., and Meller, A. (2006) Rapid fabrication of uniformly sized nanopores and nanopore arrays for parallel DNA analysis. Adv. Mater., 18 (23), 3149-3153.
62. Wu, M.Y., Krapf, D., Zandbergen, M., Zandbergen, H., and Batson, P.E. (2005) Formation of nanopores in a SiN/SiO2 membrane with an electron beam. Appl. Phys. Lett., 87 (11), 113106.
63. Ajayan, P.M. and Iijima, S. (1992) Electron-beam-enhanced flow and instability in amorphous silica fibers and tips. Philos. Mag. Lett., 65 (1), 43-48.
64. Storm, A.J., Chen, J.H., Zandbergen, H.W., and Dekker, C. (2005) Translocation of double-strand DNA through a silicon oxide nanopore. Phys. Rev. E, 71 (5), 051903.
65. Li, J.L., McMullan, C., Stein, D., Branton, D., and Golovckenko, J. (2001) Solid state nanopores for single molecule detection. Biophys. J., 80 (1), 339A-339A.
66. Kasianowicz, J.J., Brandin, E., Branton, D., and Deamer, D.W. (1996) Characterization of individual polynucleotide molecules using a membrane channel. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 93 (24), 13770-13773.
67. Smeets, R.M.M., Keyser, U.F., Krapf, D., Wu, M.Y., Dekker, N.H., and Dekker, C. (2006) Salt dependence of ion transport and DNA translocation through solid-state nanopores. Nano Lett., 6 (1), 89-95.
68. Lee, S.G., Hong, S.H., Seong, W.K., and Kang, W.N. (2009) All focused ion beam fabricated MgB2 inter-grain nanobridge dc SQUIDs. Supercond. Sci. Technol., 22 (6), 064009.
69. Kim, S.J., Hatano, T., Kim, G.S., Kim, H.Y., Nagao, M., Inomata, K., Yun, K.S., Takano, Y., Arisawa, S., Ishii, A. et al. (2004) Characteristics of two-stacked intrinsic Josephson junctions with a submicron loop on a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d (Bi-2212) single crystal whisker. Physica C, 412-414, 1401-1405.
70. Postek, M.T., Vladar, A., Dagata, J., Farkas, N., Ming, B., Wagner, R., Raman, A., Moon, R.J., Sabo, R., Wegner, T.H. et al. (2011) Development of the metrology and imaging of cellulose nanocrystals. Meas. Sci. Technol., 22 (2), 024005.
71. Ogawa, S., Thompson, W., Stern, L., Scipioni, L., Notte, J., Farkas, L., and Barriss, L. (2010) Helium ion secondary electron mode microscopy for interconnect material imaging. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 49 (4), 04DB12.
72. Postek, M.T., Vladar, A.E., and Ming, B. (2009) in Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics: 2009 (eds Seiler D.G., Diebold, A.C. McDonald, R. Garner, C.M. Herr, D. Khosla, R.P. and Secula, E.M.) American Institute of Physics, Melville, pp. 249-260.
73. van den Boom, R.J.J., Parvaneh, H., Voci, D., Huynh, C., Stern, L., Dunn, K.A., Lifshin, E., Seiler, D.G., Diebold, A.C., McDonald, R., Garner, C.M., Herr, D., Khosla, R.P., and Secula, E.M. (eds) (2009) in Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics: 2009, American Institute of Physics, Melville, pp. 309-313.
74. Rudneva, M., Veldhoven, Ev., Shu, M.S., Maas, D., and Zandbergen, H.W. (2010) Preparation of electron transparent samples of pre-selected areas using a helium ion microscope. Conference Proceedings of International Microscopy Congress 17, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, September 19-24 (eds G. Solórzano and W. de Souza), p. I18.18.
75. Notte, J., Ward, B., Economou, N., Hill, R., Percival, R., Farkas, L., and McVey, S. (2007) in Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics: 2007 (eds Seiler D.G., Diebold, A.C. McDonald, R. Garner, C.M. Herr, D. Khosla, R.P. and Secula, E.M.) American Institute of Physics, Melville, pp. 489-496.
76. Rudneva, M., van Veldhoven, E., Maas, D., and Zandbergen, H. (2011) Helium ion microscope as a sculpting tool for nanosamples. Conference proceedings of International Union of Microbeam Analysis Societies - V, Seoul, Korea, 22-27 May. (to be published).