메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 155-198

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among Enterococcus Faecium and Enterococcus Faecalis isolated from human (clinical/commensal), food animal, meat and environmental samples

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84880720463     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (4)

References (308)
  • 2
    • 77956285100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial gut symbionts contribute to seed digestion in an omnivorous beetle
    • Lundgren JG, Lehman RM: Bacterial gut symbionts contribute to seed digestion in an omnivorous beetle. PLoS ONE 2010, 5:e10831.
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5 , pp. e10831
    • Lundgren, J.G.1    Lehman, R.M.2
  • 3
    • 50949112012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of endophytic bacteria from Eucalyptus species seeds and colonization of seedlings by Pantoea agglomerans
    • Ferreira A, Quecine MC, Lacava PT, Oda S, Azevedo JL, Araujo WL: Diversity of endophytic bacteria from Eucalyptus species seeds and colonization of seedlings by Pantoea agglomerans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008, 287:8-14.
    • (2008) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.287 , pp. 8-14
    • Ferreira, A.1    Quecine, M.C.2    Lacava, P.T.3    Oda, S.4    Azevedo, J.L.5    Araujo, W.L.6
  • 4
    • 38749096674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of wastewater treatment on antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp
    • Garcia S, Wade B, Bauer C, Craig C, Nakaoka K, Lorowitz W: The effect of wastewater treatment on antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. Water Environ Res 2007, 79:2387-2395.
    • (2007) Water Environ Res , vol.79 , pp. 2387-2395
    • Garcia, S.1    Wade, B.2    Bauer, C.3    Craig, C.4    Nakaoka, K.5    Lorowitz, W.6
  • 5
    • 33750877119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from wastewater and sludge of poultry slaughterhouses
    • Martins da Costa PM, Vaz-Pires PM, Bernardo FM: Antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from wastewater and sludge of poultry slaughterhouses. J Environ Sci Health B 2006, 41:1393-1403.
    • (2006) J Environ Sci Health B , vol.41 , pp. 1393-1403
    • Martins Da Costa, P.M.1    Vaz-Pires, P.M.2    Bernardo, F.M.3
  • 6
    • 33748713617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. isolated in inflow, effluent and sludge from municipal sewage water treatment plants
    • Martins da CP, Vaz-Pires P, Bernardo F: Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. isolated in inflow, effluent and sludge from municipal sewage water treatment plants. Water Res 2006, 40:1735-1740.
    • (2006) Water Res , vol.40 , pp. 1735-1740
    • Martins Da, C.P.1    Vaz-Pires, P.2    Bernardo, F.3
  • 8
    • 0142227685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functionality of enterococci in dairy products
    • Giraffa G: Functionality of enterococci in dairy products. Int J Food Microbiol 2003, 88:215-222.
    • (2003) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.88 , pp. 215-222
    • Giraffa, G.1
  • 10
    • 55249117030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence and management of drug-resistant enterococcal infections
    • Arias CA, Murray BE: Emergence and management of drug-resistant enterococcal infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2008, 6:637-655.
    • (2008) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther , vol.6 , pp. 637-655
    • Arias, C.A.1    Murray, B.E.2
  • 11
    • 0025100795 scopus 로고
    • The life and times of the Enterococcus
    • Murray BE: The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990, 3:46-65.
    • (1990) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.3 , pp. 46-65
    • Murray, B.E.1
  • 12
    • 33745247409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance in gram-positive bacteria
    • Rice LB: Antimicrobial resistance in gram-positive bacteria. Am J Infect Control 2006, 34:S11-S19.
    • (2006) Am J Infect Control , vol.34 , pp. S11-S19
    • Rice, L.B.1
  • 17
    • 52949147125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus in a haematology unit: An unusual cause of a nosocomial outbreak
    • Samuel J, Coutinho H, Galloway A, Rennison C, Kaufmann ME, Woodford N: Glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus in a haematology unit: an unusual cause of a nosocomial outbreak. J Hosp Infect 2008, 70:294-296.
    • (2008) J Hosp Infect , vol.70 , pp. 294-296
    • Samuel, J.1    Coutinho, H.2    Galloway, A.3    Rennison, C.4    Kaufmann, M.E.5    Woodford, N.6
  • 18
    • 0027451903 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic identification of the genus Enterococcus and differentiation of phylogenetically distinct enterococcal species and species groups
    • Devriese LA, Pot B, Collins MD: Phenotypic identification of the genus Enterococcus and differentiation of phylogenetically distinct enterococcal species and species groups. J Appl Bacteriol 1993, 75:399-408.
    • (1993) J Appl Bacteriol , vol.75 , pp. 399-408
    • Devriese, L.A.1    Pot, B.2    Collins, M.D.3
  • 19
    • 0013121981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History, taxonomy, biochemical characteristics, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of enterococci
    • 1 edition. Edited by Edited by Gilmore MS. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press
    • Facklam RR, Carvalho MdGS, Teixeira LM: History, taxonomy, biochemical characteristics, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of enterococci. In The enterococci: Pathogenesis, molecular biology, and antibiotic resistance. 1 edition. Edited by Edited by Gilmore MS. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press; 2002:1-54.
    • (2002) The enterococci: Pathogenesis, molecular biology, and antibiotic resistance , pp. 1-54
    • Facklam, R.R.1    Carvalho Md, G.S.2    Teixeira, L.M.3
  • 20
    • 0035238260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterococci: Habitats, infections, virulence factors, resistances to antibiotics, transfer of resistance determinants
    • Klare I, Werner G, Witte W: Enterococci. Habitats, infections, virulence factors, resistances to antibiotics, transfer of resistance determinants. Contrib Microbiol 2001, 8:108-122.
    • (2001) Contrib Microbiol , vol.8 , pp. 108-122
    • Klare, I.1    Werner, G.2    Witte, W.3
  • 22
    • 0034058528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections
    • Murray BE: Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:710-721.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 710-721
    • Murray, B.E.1
  • 23
    • 0036098236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Enterococcus faecalis ABC homologue (Lsa) is required for the resistance of this species to clindamycin and quinupristindalfopristin
    • Singh KV, Weinstock GM, Murray BE: An Enterococcus faecalis ABC homologue (Lsa) is required for the resistance of this species to clindamycin and quinupristindalfopristin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002, 46:1845-1850.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 1845-1850
    • Singh, K.V.1    Weinstock, G.M.2    Murray, B.E.3
  • 24
    • 11244274394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the Enterococcus faecalis lsa locus that influence susceptibility to quinupristin-dalfopristin and clindamycin
    • Singh KV, Murray BE: Differences in the Enterococcus faecalis lsa locus that influence susceptibility to quinupristin-dalfopristin and clindamycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:32-39.
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 32-39
    • Singh, K.V.1    Murray, B.E.2
  • 25
    • 35948972766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of a qnr-like gene in the intrinsic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to fluoroquinolones
    • Arsene S, Leclercq R: Role of a qnr-like gene in the intrinsic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to fluoroquinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007, 51:3254-3258.
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 3254-3258
    • Arsene, S.1    Leclercq, R.2
  • 27
    • 22544476852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci: Epidemiology and control
    • Tenover FC, McDonald LC: Vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci: epidemiology and control. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2005, 18:300-305.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.18 , pp. 300-305
    • Tenover, F.C.1    McDonald, L.C.2
  • 28
    • 35948972121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superbugs in the coming new decade; multidrug resistance and prospects for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 2010
    • Nordmann P, Naas T, Fortineau N, Poirel L: Superbugs in the coming new decade; multidrug resistance and prospects for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 2010. Curr Opin Microbiol 2007, 10:436-440.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.10 , pp. 436-440
    • Nordmann, P.1    Naas, T.2    Fortineau, N.3    Poirel, L.4
  • 31
    • 23644460858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of a widespread, pathogenic, and antibiotic resistance-receptive Enterococcus faecalis lineage and dissemination of its putative pathogenicity island
    • Nallapareddy SR, Wenxiang H, Weinstock GM, Murray BE: Molecular characterization of a widespread, pathogenic, and antibiotic resistance-receptive Enterococcus faecalis lineage and dissemination of its putative pathogenicity island. J Bacteriol 2005, 187:5709-5718.
    • (2005) J Bacteriol , vol.187 , pp. 5709-5718
    • Nallapareddy, S.R.1    Wenxiang, H.2    Weinstock, G.M.3    Murray, B.E.4
  • 32
    • 3442895983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of penicillin-binding protein 5 C-terminal amino acid substitutions in conferring ampicillin resistance in Norwegian clinical strains of Enterococcus faecium
    • Jureen R, Mohn SC, Harthug S, Haarr L, Langeland N: Role of penicillin-binding protein 5 C-terminal amino acid substitutions in conferring ampicillin resistance in Norwegian clinical strains of Enterococcus faecium. APMIS 2004, 112:291-298.
    • (2004) APMIS , vol.112 , pp. 291-298
    • Jureen, R.1    Mohn, S.C.2    Harthug, S.3    Haarr, L.4    Langeland, N.5
  • 35
    • 0031783527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic linkage and cotransfer of a novel, vanB-containing transposon (Tn5382) and a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein 5 gene in a clinical vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate
    • Carias LL, Rudin SD, Donskey CJ, Rice LB: Genetic linkage and cotransfer of a novel, vanB-containing transposon (Tn5382) and a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein 5 gene in a clinical vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate. J Bacteriol 1998, 180:4426-4434.
    • (1998) J Bacteriol , vol.180 , pp. 4426-4434
    • Carias, L.L.1    Rudin, S.D.2    Donskey, C.J.3    Rice, L.B.4
  • 38
    • 0344624844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of structures carrying the high-level gentamicin resistance gene (aac6-aph2) in Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated in France
    • Casetta A, Hoi AB, de CG, Horaud T: Diversity of structures carrying the high-level gentamicin resistance gene (aac6-aph2) in Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated in France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998, 42:2889-2892.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 2889-2892
    • Casetta, A.1    Hoi, A.B.2    De, C.G.3    Horaud, T.4
  • 39
    • 33749017034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of structures carrying the aac(6')-aph(2") gene in clinical Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated in Tunisia
    • Klibi N, Ben SK, Masmoudi A, Gharbi S, Ruiz-Larrea F, Fendri C, Boudabous A, Torres C: Diversity of structures carrying the aac(6')-aph(2") gene in clinical Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated in Tunisia. J Chemother 2006, 18:353-359.
    • (2006) J Chemother , vol.18 , pp. 353-359
    • Klibi, N.1    Ben, S.K.2    Masmoudi, A.3    Gharbi, S.4    Ruiz-Larrea, F.5    Fendri, C.6    Boudabous, A.7    Torres, C.8
  • 40
    • 53849136266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the 65-kb highly conjugative Enterococcus faecium plasmid pMG1: Identification of the transfer-related region and the minimum region required for replication
    • Tanimoto K, Ike Y: Complete nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the 65-kb highly conjugative Enterococcus faecium plasmid pMG1: identification of the transfer-related region and the minimum region required for replication. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008, 288:186-195.
    • (2008) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.288 , pp. 186-195
    • Tanimoto, K.1    Ike, Y.2
  • 41
    • 0042529038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic relatedness among Enterococcus faecalis with transposon-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance in Swedish intensive care units
    • Hallgren A, Saeedi B, Nilsson M, Monstein HJ, Isaksson B, Hanberger H, Nilsson LE: Genetic relatedness among Enterococcus faecalis with transposon-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance in Swedish intensive care units. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003, 52:162-167.
    • (2003) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 162-167
    • Hallgren, A.1    Saeedi, B.2    Nilsson, M.3    Monstein, H.J.4    Isaksson, B.5    Hanberger, H.6    Nilsson, L.E.7
  • 42
    • 26444490099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of a novel aph(2") allele (aph[2“]-Ie) conferring high-level gentamicin resistance and a spectinomycin resistance gene ant(9)-Ia (aad 9) in clinical isolates of enterococci
    • Mahbub AM, Kobayashi N, Ishino M, Sumi A, Kobayashi K, Uehara N, Watanabe N: Detection of a novel aph(2") allele (aph[2“]-Ie) conferring high-level gentamicin resistance and a spectinomycin resistance gene ant(9)-Ia (aad 9) in clinical isolates of enterococci. Microb Drug Resist 2005, 11:239-247.
    • (2005) Microb Drug Resist , vol.11 , pp. 239-247
    • Mahbub, A.M.1    Kobayashi, N.2    Ishino, M.3    Sumi, A.4    Kobayashi, K.5    Uehara, N.6    Watanabe, N.7
  • 43
    • 1842429023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic relatedness of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry carcasses
    • Jackson CR, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Barrett JB, Ladely SR: Genetic relatedness of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry carcasses. Avian Dis 2004, 48:100-107.
    • (2004) Avian Dis , vol.48 , pp. 100-107
    • Jackson, C.R.1    Fedorka-Cray, P.J.2    Barrett, J.B.3    Ladely, S.R.4
  • 45
    • 0030072691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [The sat4 streptothricin acetyltransferase gene of Campylobacter coli: Its distribution in the environment and use as epidemiological marker]
    • Bischoff K, Jacob J: [The sat4 streptothricin acetyltransferase gene of Campylobacter coli: its distribution in the environment and use as epidemiological marker]. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed 1996, 198:241-257.
    • (1996) Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed , vol.198 , pp. 241-257
    • Bischoff, K.1    Jacob, J.2
  • 46
    • 0028228629 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the sat4 gene encoding a streptothricin acetyltransferase in Campylobacter coli BE/G4
    • Jacob J, Evers S, Bischoff K, Carlier C, Courvalin P: Characterization of the sat4 gene encoding a streptothricin acetyltransferase in Campylobacter coli BE/G4. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994, 120:13-17.
    • (1994) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.120 , pp. 13-17
    • Jacob, J.1    Evers, S.2    Bischoff, K.3    Carlier, C.4    Courvalin, P.5
  • 47
    • 0030152478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a Staphylococcus aureus transposon, Tn5405, located within Tn5404 and carrying the aminoglycoside resistance genes, aphA-3 and aadE
    • Derbise A, Dyke KG, El Solh N: Characterization of a Staphylococcus aureus transposon, Tn5405, located within Tn5404 and carrying the aminoglycoside resistance genes, aphA-3 and aadE. Plasmid 1996, 35:174-188.
    • (1996) Plasmid , vol.35 , pp. 174-188
    • Derbise, A.1    Dyke, K.G.2    El Solh, N.3
  • 48
    • 0030690260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence of the Staphylococcus aureus transposon, Tn5405, carrying aminoglycosides resistance genes
    • Derbise A, de CG, El SN: Nucleotide sequence of the Staphylococcus aureus transposon, Tn5405, carrying aminoglycosides resistance genes. J Basic Microbiol 1997, 37:379-384.
    • (1997) J Basic Microbiol , vol.37 , pp. 379-384
    • Derbise, A.1    De, C.G.2    El, S.N.3
  • 50
    • 0034770096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aminoglycoside-streptothricin resistance gene cluster aadE-sat4-aphA-3 disseminated among multiresistant isolates of Enterococcus faecium
    • Werner G, Hildebrandt B, Witte W: Aminoglycoside-streptothricin resistance gene cluster aadE-sat4-aphA-3 disseminated among multiresistant isolates of Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001, 45:3267-3269.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 3267-3269
    • Werner, G.1    Hildebrandt, B.2    Witte, W.3
  • 51
    • 1542546212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage of erm(B) and aadE-sat4-aphA-3 in multiple-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates of different ecological origins
    • Werner G, Hildebrandt B, Witte W: Linkage of erm(B) and aadE-sat4-aphA-3 in multiple-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates of different ecological origins. Microb Drug Resist 2003, 9 Suppl 1:S9-16.
    • (2003) Microb Drug Resist , vol.9 , pp. S9-S16
    • Werner, G.1    Hildebrandt, B.2    Witte, W.3
  • 52
    • 0035667594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence of the 50-kb conjugative multiresistance plasmid pRE25 from Enterococcus faecalis RE25
    • Schwarz FV, Perreten V, Teuber M: Sequence of the 50-kb conjugative multiresistance plasmid pRE25 from Enterococcus faecalis RE25. Plasmid 2001, 46:170-187.
    • (2001) Plasmid , vol.46 , pp. 170-187
    • Schwarz, F.V.1    Perreten, V.2    Teuber, M.3
  • 53
    • 0036724716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluoroquinolone resistance among Gram-positive cocci
    • Hooper DC: Fluoroquinolone resistance among Gram-positive cocci. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2002, 2:530-538.
    • (2002) The Lancet Infectious Diseases , vol.2 , pp. 530-538
    • Hooper, D.C.1
  • 54
    • 21844477302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones
    • Jacoby GA: Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones. Clin Infect Dis 2005, 41 Suppl 2:S120-S126.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. S120-S126
    • Jacoby, G.A.1
  • 55
    • 0036090653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory activities of quinolones against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of Enterococcus faecalis
    • Onodera Y, Okuda J, Tanaka M, Sato K: Inhibitory activities of quinolones against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002, 46:1800-1804.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 1800-1804
    • Onodera, Y.1    Okuda, J.2    Tanaka, M.3    Sato, K.4
  • 56
    • 33750459868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase mutations and efflux are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis
    • Oyamada Y, Ito H, Inoue M, Yamagishi Ji: Topoisomerase mutations and efflux are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis. J Med Microbiol 2006, 55:1395-1401.
    • (2006) J Med Microbiol , vol.55 , pp. 1395-1401
    • Oyamada, Y.1    Ito, H.2    Inoue, M.3    Ji, Y.4
  • 57
    • 33744965372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of known and unknown mechanisms confers high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in Enterococcus faecium
    • Oyamada Y, Ito H, Fujimoto K, Asada R, Niga T, Okamoto R, Inoue M, Yamagishi Ji: Combination of known and unknown mechanisms confers high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in Enterococcus faecium. J Med Microbiol 2006, 55:729-736.
    • (2006) J Med Microbiol , vol.55 , pp. 729-736
    • Oyamada, Y.1    Ito, H.2    Fujimoto, K.3    Asada, R.4    Niga, T.5    Okamoto, R.6    Inoue, M.7    Ji, Y.8
  • 58
    • 33644886353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-Level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium
    • Leavis HL, Willems RJL, Top J, Bonten MJM: High-Level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol 2006, 44:1059-1064.
    • (2006) J Clin Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 1059-1064
    • Leavis, H.L.1    Willems, R.J.L.2    Top, J.3    Bonten, M.J.M.4
  • 60
    • 0141963039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two widely disseminated strains of Enterococcus faecalis highly resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin from bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland
    • Woodford N, Reynolds R, Turton J, Scott F, Sinclair A, Williams A, Livermore D: Two widely disseminated strains of Enterococcus faecalis highly resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin from bacteraemias in the UK and Ireland. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003, 52:711-714.
    • (2003) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 711-714
    • Woodford, N.1    Reynolds, R.2    Turton, J.3    Scott, F.4    Sinclair, A.5    Williams, A.6    Livermore, D.7
  • 61
    • 0023808730 scopus 로고
    • Plasmid-mediated resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium
    • Leclercq R, Derlot E, Duval J, Courvalin P: Plasmid-mediated resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium. N Engl J Med 1988, 319:157-161.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 157-161
    • Leclercq, R.1    Derlot, E.2    Duval, J.3    Courvalin, P.4
  • 65
    • 29244441170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin resistance in gram-positive cocci
    • Courvalin P: Vancomycin resistance in gram-positive cocci. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 42 Suppl 1:S25-S34.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. S25-S34
    • Courvalin, P.1
  • 66
    • 55449129699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired vancomycin resistance in clinically relevant pathogens
    • Werner G, Strommenger B, Witte W: Acquired vancomycin resistance in clinically relevant pathogens. Future Microbiology 2008, 3:547-562.
    • (2008) Future Microbiology , vol.3 , pp. 547-562
    • Werner, G.1    Strommenger, B.2    Witte, W.3
  • 68
    • 41049107919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composite elements encoding antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis
    • 1 edition. Edited by Edited by Kobayashi N. Fort P.O., Trivandrum, Kerala: Research Signpost
    • Werner G, Dahl KH, Willems RJ: Composite elements encoding antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. In Drug Resistance in Enterococci: Epidemiology and Molecular Markers. 1 edition. Edited by Edited by Kobayashi N. Fort P.O., Trivandrum, Kerala: Research Signpost; 2006:157-208.
    • (2006) Drug Resistance in Enterococci: Epidemiology and Molecular Markers , pp. 157-208
    • Werner, G.1    Dahl, K.H.2    Willems, R.J.3
  • 69
    • 59749086398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of VanB-type Enterococcus faecalis strains from nosocomial infections: First report of the isolation and identification of the pheromone-responsive plasmids pMG2200, Encoding VanB-type vancomycin resistance and a Bac41-type bacteriocin, and pMG2201, encoding erythromycin resistance and cytolysin (Hly/Bac)
    • Zheng B, Tomita H, Inoue T, Ike Y: Isolation of VanB-type Enterococcus faecalis strains from nosocomial infections: first report of the isolation and identification of the pheromone-responsive plasmids pMG2200, Encoding VanB-type vancomycin resistance and a Bac41-type bacteriocin, and pMG2201, encoding erythromycin resistance and cytolysin (Hly/Bac). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009, 53:735-747.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 735-747
    • Zheng, B.1    Tomita, H.2    Inoue, T.3    Ike, Y.4
  • 71
    • 0022386168 scopus 로고
    • MLS-resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus and their molecular evolution
    • Novick RP, Murphy E: MLS-resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus and their molecular evolution. J Antimicrob Chemother 1985, 16 Suppl A:101-110.
    • (1985) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.16 , pp. 101-110
    • Novick, R.P.1    Murphy, E.2
  • 72
    • 0022407696 scopus 로고
    • Complete nucleotide sequence of macrolide-lincosamidestreptogramin B-resistance transposon Tn917 in Streptococcus faecalis
    • Shaw JH, Clewell DB: Complete nucleotide sequence of macrolide-lincosamidestreptogramin B-resistance transposon Tn917 in Streptococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol 1985, 164:782-796.
    • (1985) J Bacteriol , vol.164 , pp. 782-796
    • Shaw, J.H.1    Clewell, D.B.2
  • 73
    • 0345259585 scopus 로고
    • Posttranscriptional modification of mRNA conformation: Mechanism that regulates erythromycin-induced resistance
    • Horinouchi S, Weisblum B: Posttranscriptional modification of mRNA conformation: mechanism that regulates erythromycin-induced resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980, 77:7079-7083.
    • (1980) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.77 , pp. 7079-7083
    • Horinouchi, S.1    Weisblum, B.2
  • 74
    • 0032803963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural alterations in the translational attenuator of constitutively expressed ermC genes
    • Werckenthin C, Schwarz S, Westh H: Structural alterations in the translational attenuator of constitutively expressed ermC genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999, 43:1681-1685
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 1681-1685
    • Werckenthin, C.1    Schwarz, S.2    Westh, H.3
  • 75
    • 0033745850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of the translational attenuator of a constitutively expressed erm(A) gene from Staphylococcus intermedius
    • Werckenthin C, Schwarz S: Molecular analysis of the translational attenuator of a constitutively expressed erm(A) gene from Staphylococcus intermedius. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000, 46:785-788.
    • (2000) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 785-788
    • Werckenthin, C.1    Schwarz, S.2
  • 76
    • 0035656990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the translational attenuator of 20 methicillin-resistant, quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides
    • Schmitz FJ, Witte W, Werner G, Petridou J, Fluit AC, Schwarz S: Characterization of the translational attenuator of 20 methicillin-resistant, quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001, 48:939-941.
    • (2001) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 939-941
    • Schmitz, F.J.1    Witte, W.2    Werner, G.3    Petridou, J.4    Fluit, A.C.5    Schwarz, S.6
  • 77
    • 0037762833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of macrolide resistance genes in streptococci and enterococci isolated from pigs and pork carcasses
    • Martel A, Devriese LA, Decostere A, Haesebrouck F: Presence of macrolide resistance genes in streptococci and enterococci isolated from pigs and pork carcasses. Int J Food Microbiol 2003, 84:27-32.
    • (2003) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.84 , pp. 27-32
    • Martel, A.1    Devriese, L.A.2    Decostere, A.3    Haesebrouck, F.4
  • 78
    • 0035992364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of streptogramin resistance in enterococci
    • Werner G, Klare I, Witte W: Molecular analysis of streptogramin resistance in enterococci. Int J Med Microbiol 2002, 292:81-94.
    • (2002) Int J Med Microbiol , vol.292 , pp. 81-94
    • Werner, G.1    Klare, I.2    Witte, W.3
  • 79
    • 0034043351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant enterococci of the satA (vatD) and satG (vatE) genotypes from different ecological origins in Germany
    • Werner G, Klare I, Heier H, Hinz KH, Bohme G, Wendt M, Witte W: Quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant enterococci of the satA (vatD) and satG (vatE) genotypes from different ecological origins in Germany. Microb Drug Resist 2000, 6:37-47.
    • (2000) Microb Drug Resist , vol.6 , pp. 37-47
    • Werner, G.1    Klare, I.2    Heier, H.3    Hinz, K.H.4    Bohme, G.5    Wendt, M.6    Witte, W.7
  • 80
    • 0032931288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inducible or constitutive expression of resistance in clinical isolates of streptococci and enterococci cross-resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin
    • Rosato A, Vicarini H, Leclercq R: Inducible or constitutive expression of resistance in clinical isolates of streptococci and enterococci cross-resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999, 43:559-562.
    • (1999) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 559-562
    • Rosato, A.1    Vicarini, H.2    Leclercq, R.3
  • 81
    • 46249121041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of constitutive mutations in ermB and ermA selected in vitro from inducibly MLSBresistant enterococci
    • Min YH, Kwon AR, Yoon JM, Yoon EJ, Shim MJ, Choi EC: Molecular analysis of constitutive mutations in ermB and ermA selected in vitro from inducibly MLSBresistant enterococci. Arch Pharm Res 2008, 31:377-380.
    • (2008) Arch Pharm Res , vol.31 , pp. 377-380
    • Min, Y.H.1    Kwon, A.R.2    Yoon, J.M.3    Yoon, E.J.4    Shim, M.J.5    Choi, E.C.6
  • 82
    • 0033930594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococcus faecium (GRE) from broilers and pigs in Denmark: Genetic evidence that persistence of GRE in pig herds is associated with coselection by resistance to macrolides
    • Aarestrup FM: Characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococcus faecium (GRE) from broilers and pigs in Denmark: genetic evidence that persistence of GRE in pig herds is associated with coselection by resistance to macrolides. J Clin Microbiol 2000, 38:2774-2777.
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 2774-2777
    • Aarestrup, F.M.1
  • 83
    • 0034116911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from humans in the community, broilers, and pigs in Denmark
    • Aarestrup FM, Agerso Y, Gerner-Smidt P, Madsen M, Jensen LB: Comparison of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from humans in the community, broilers, and pigs in Denmark. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2000, 37:127-137.
    • (2000) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.37 , pp. 127-137
    • Aarestrup, F.M.1    Agerso, Y.2    Gerner-Smidt, P.3    Madsen, M.4    Jensen, L.B.5
  • 84
    • 0037228718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clonal lineage of VanA-type Enterococcus faecalis predominates in vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated in New Zealand
    • Manson JM, Keis S, Smith JMB, Cook GM: A clonal lineage of VanA-type Enterococcus faecalis predominates in vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated in New Zealand. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:204-210.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 204-210
    • Manson, J.M.1    Keis, S.2    Smith, J.M.B.3    Cook, G.M.4
  • 85
    • 0031460124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrangement of the vanA gene cluster in enterococci of different ecological origin
    • Werner G, Klare I, Witte W: Arrangement of the vanA gene cluster in enterococci of different ecological origin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997, 155:55-61.
    • (1997) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.155 , pp. 55-61
    • Werner, G.1    Klare, I.2    Witte, W.3
  • 86
    • 0037925146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-hospital dissemination of quinupristin/dalfopristin-and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a paediatric ward of a German hospital
    • Werner G, Klare I, Spencker FB, Witte W: Intra-hospital dissemination of quinupristin/dalfopristin-and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a paediatric ward of a German hospital. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003, 52:113-115.
    • (2003) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 113-115
    • Werner, G.1    Klare, I.2    Spencker, F.B.3    Witte, W.4
  • 88
    • 12244256091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic linkage between erm(B) and vanA in Enterococcus hirae of poultry origin
    • Borgen K, Sorum M, Wasteson Y, Kruse H, Oppegaard H: Genetic linkage between erm(B) and vanA in Enterococcus hirae of poultry origin. Microb Drug Resist 2002, 8:363-368.
    • (2002) Microb Drug Resist , vol.8 , pp. 363-368
    • Borgen, K.1    Sorum, M.2    Wasteson, Y.3    Kruse, H.4    Oppegaard, H.5
  • 89
    • 27844460207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ABC proteins and antibiotic drug resistance: Is it all about transport?
    • Kerr ID, Reynolds ED, Cove JH: ABC proteins and antibiotic drug resistance: is it all about transport? Biochem Soc Trans 2005, 33:1000-1002.
    • (2005) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.33 , pp. 1000-1002
    • Kerr, I.D.1    Reynolds, E.D.2    Cove, J.H.3
  • 90
    • 0042835378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Msr(A) and related macrolide/streptogramin resistance determinants: Incomplete transporters?
    • Reynolds E, Ross JI, Cove JH: Msr(A) and related macrolide/streptogramin resistance determinants: incomplete transporters? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003, 22:228-236.
    • (2003) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.22 , pp. 228-236
    • Reynolds, E.1    Ross, J.I.2    Cove, J.H.3
  • 91
    • 0035165321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of an Enterococcus faecium speciesspecific gene, a homologue of acquired macrolide resistance genes of staphylococci, is associated with an increase in macrolide susceptibility
    • Singh KV, Malathum K, Murray BE: Disruption of an Enterococcus faecium speciesspecific gene, a homologue of acquired macrolide resistance genes of staphylococci, is associated with an increase in macrolide susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001, 45:263-266.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 263-266
    • Singh, K.V.1    Malathum, K.2    Murray, B.E.3
  • 92
    • 0035184119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The newly described msrC gene is not equally distributed among all isolates of Enterococcus faecium
    • Werner G, Hildebrandt B, Witte W: The newly described msrC gene is not equally distributed among all isolates of Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001, 45:3672-3673.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 3672-3673
    • Werner, G.1    Hildebrandt, B.2    Witte, W.3
  • 93
    • 14744282921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced resistance to erythromycin is conferred by the enterococcal msrC determinant in Staphylococcus aureus
    • Reynolds E, Cove JH: Enhanced resistance to erythromycin is conferred by the enterococcal msrC determinant in Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005, 55:260-264.
    • (2005) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 260-264
    • Reynolds, E.1    Cove, J.H.2
  • 94
    • 0032779559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a new enterococcal gene, satG, encoding a putative acetyltransferase conferring resistance to Streptogramin A compounds
    • Werner G, Witte W: Characterization of a new enterococcal gene, satG, encoding a putative acetyltransferase conferring resistance to Streptogramin A compounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999, 43:1813-1814.
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 1813-1814
    • Werner, G.1    Witte, W.2
  • 95
    • 0142246538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence and genetic organization of the 19.3-kb erythromycin-and dalfopristin-resistance plasmid pLME300 from Lactobacillus fermentum ROT1
    • Gfeller KY, Roth M, Meile L, Teuber M: Sequence and genetic organization of the 19.3-kb erythromycin-and dalfopristin-resistance plasmid pLME300 from Lactobacillus fermentum ROT1. Plasmid 2003, 50:190-201.
    • (2003) Plasmid , vol.50 , pp. 190-201
    • Gfeller, K.Y.1    Roth, M.2    Meile, L.3    Teuber, M.4
  • 96
    • 0347991623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are Enterococcus faecalis strains with vat(E) in poultry a reservoir for human streptogramin resistance? Vat(E) occurrence in human enterococcal bloodstream infections in North America (SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2002)
    • Jones RN, Deshpande LM: Are Enterococcus faecalis strains with vat(E) in poultry a reservoir for human streptogramin resistance? vat(E) occurrence in human enterococcal bloodstream infections in North America (SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2002). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48:360-361.
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 360-361
    • Jones, R.N.1    Deshpande, L.M.2
  • 97
    • 0036894213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of vat(E) in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from retail poultry and its transferability to Enterococcus faecium
    • Simjee S, White DG, Wagner DD, Meng J, Qaiyumi S, Zhao S, McDermott PF: Identification of vat(E) in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from retail poultry and its transferability to Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002, 46:3823-3828.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 3823-3828
    • Simjee, S.1    White, D.G.2    Wagner, D.D.3    Meng, J.4    Qaiyumi, S.5    Zhao, S.6    McDermott, P.F.7
  • 98
    • 78049232792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of two newly identified genes, vgaD and vatG, conferring resistance to streptogramin A in Enterococcus faecium
    • Jung YH, Shin ES, Kim O, Yoo JS, Lee KM, Yoo JI, Chung GT, Lee YS: Characterization of two newly identified genes, vgaD and vatG, conferring resistance to streptogramin A in Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010, 54:4744-4749.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 4744-4749
    • Jung, Y.H.1    Shin, E.S.2    Kim, O.3    Yoo, J.S.4    Lee, K.M.5    Yoo, J.I.6    Chung, G.T.7    Lee, Y.S.8
  • 99
    • 17144412507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on acquired tetracycline resistance genes
    • Roberts MC: Update on acquired tetracycline resistance genes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005, 245:195-203.
    • (2005) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.245 , pp. 195-203
    • Roberts, M.C.1
  • 100
    • 0035015178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Tn5397 from Clostridium difficile, Tn916 from Enterococcus faecalis and the CW459tet(M) element from Clostridium perfringens shows that they have similar conjugation regions but different insertion and excision modules
    • Roberts AP, Johanesen PA, Lyras D, Mullany P, Rood JI: Comparison of Tn5397 from Clostridium difficile, Tn916 from Enterococcus faecalis and the CW459tet(M) element from Clostridium perfringens shows that they have similar conjugation regions but different insertion and excision modules. Microbiology 2001, 147:1243-1251.
    • (2001) Microbiology , vol.147 , pp. 1243-1251
    • Roberts, A.P.1    Johanesen, P.A.2    Lyras, D.3    Mullany, P.4    Rood, J.I.5
  • 101
    • 0030949519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of Tn916 insertions on contour-clamped homogeneous electrophoresis patterns of Enterococcus faecalis
    • Thal LA, Silverman J, Donabedian S, Zervos MJ: The effect of Tn916 insertions on contour-clamped homogeneous electrophoresis patterns of Enterococcus faecalis. J Clin Microbiol 1997, 35:969-972.
    • (1997) J Clin Microbiol , vol.35 , pp. 969-972
    • Thal, L.A.1    Silverman, J.2    Donabedian, S.3    Zervos, M.J.4
  • 102
    • 0029046947 scopus 로고
    • Unconstrained bacterial promiscuity: The Tn916-Tn1545 family of conjugative transposons
    • Clewell DB, Flannagan SE, Jaworski DD: Unconstrained bacterial promiscuity: the Tn916-Tn1545 family of conjugative transposons. Trends Microbiol 1995, 3:229-236.
    • (1995) Trends Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 229-236
    • Clewell, D.B.1    Flannagan, S.E.2    Jaworski, D.D.3
  • 103
    • 70349435397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-and interspecies conjugal transfer of Tn916-like elements from Lactococcus lactis in vitro and in vivo
    • Boguslawska J, Zycka-Krzesinska J, Wilcks A, Bardowski J: Intra-and interspecies conjugal transfer of Tn916-like elements from Lactococcus lactis in vitro and in vivo. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009, 75:6352-6360.
    • (2009) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.75 , pp. 6352-6360
    • Boguslawska, J.1    Zycka-Krzesinska, J.2    Wilcks, A.3    Bardowski, J.4
  • 104
    • 69049084639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) and identification of Tn916-and Tn5801-like (Tn6014) transposons in Staphylococcus aureus from humans and animals
    • de Vries LE, Christensen H, Skov RL, Aarestrup FM, Agerso Y: Diversity of the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) and identification of Tn916-and Tn5801-like (Tn6014) transposons in Staphylococcus aureus from humans and animals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009, 64:490-500.
    • (2009) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.64 , pp. 490-500
    • De Vries, L.E.1    Christensen, H.2    Skov, R.L.3    Aarestrup, F.M.4    Agerso, Y.5
  • 105
    • 33645834530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of Tn5397-like and Tn916-like transposons and diversity of the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) in enterococci from humans, pigs and poultry
    • Agerso Y, Pedersen AG, Aarestrup FM: Identification of Tn5397-like and Tn916-like transposons and diversity of the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) in enterococci from humans, pigs and poultry. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006, 57:832-839.
    • (2006) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.57 , pp. 832-839
    • Agerso, Y.1    Pedersen, A.G.2    Aarestrup, F.M.3
  • 106
    • 25144523352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tn5386, a novel Tn916-like mobile element in Enterococcus faecium D344R that interacts with Tn916 to yield a large genomic deletion
    • Rice LB, Carias LL, Marshall S, Rudin SD, Hutton-Thomas R: Tn5386, a novel Tn916-like mobile element in Enterococcus faecium D344R that interacts with Tn916 to yield a large genomic deletion. J Bacteriol 2005, 187:6668-6677.
    • (2005) J Bacteriol , vol.187 , pp. 6668-6677
    • Rice, L.B.1    Carias, L.L.2    Marshall, S.3    Rudin, S.D.4    Hutton-Thomas, R.5
  • 107
    • 77956876358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple copies of functional, Tet(M)-encoding Tn916-like elements in a clinical Enterococcus faecium isolate
    • Rice LB, Carias LL, Rudin S, Hutton RA, Marshall S: Multiple copies of functional, Tet(M)-encoding Tn916-like elements in a clinical Enterococcus faecium isolate. Plasmid 2010.
    • (2010) Plasmid
    • Rice, L.B.1    Carias, L.L.2    Rudin, S.3    Hutton, R.A.4    Marshall, S.5
  • 108
  • 109
    • 0037111554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors associated with the development of infection with linezolid-and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
    • Pai MP, Rodvold KA, Schreckenberger PC, Gonzales RD, Petrolatti JM, Quinn JP: Risk factors associated with the development of infection with linezolid-and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Clin Infect Dis 2002, 35:1269-1272.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 1269-1272
    • Pai, M.P.1    Rodvold, K.A.2    Schreckenberger, P.C.3    Gonzales, R.D.4    Petrolatti, J.M.5    Quinn, J.P.6
  • 111
    • 0242365629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial superinfections due to linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis: Evidence for a gene dosage effect on linezolid MICs
    • Ruggero KA, Schroeder LK, Schreckenberger PC, Mankin AS, Quinn JP: Nosocomial superinfections due to linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis: evidence for a gene dosage effect on linezolid MICs. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003, 47:511-513.
    • (2003) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.47 , pp. 511-513
    • Ruggero, K.A.1    Schroeder, L.K.2    Schreckenberger, P.C.3    Mankin, A.S.4    Quinn, J.P.5
  • 112
    • 33845269300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid emergence of resistance to linezolid during linezolid therapy of an Enterococcus faecium infection
    • Seedat J, Zick G, Klare I, Konstabel C, Weiler N, Sahly H: Rapid emergence of resistance to linezolid during linezolid therapy of an Enterococcus faecium infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006, 50:4217-4219.
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 4217-4219
    • Seedat, J.1    Zick, G.2    Klare, I.3    Konstabel, C.4    Weiler, N.5    Sahly, H.6
  • 114
    • 0345993735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linezolidresistant, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infection in patients without prior exposure to linezolid
    • Rahim S, Pillai SK, Gold HS, Venkataraman L, Inglima K, Press RA: Linezolidresistant, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infection in patients without prior exposure to linezolid. Clin Infect Dis 2003, 36:E146-E148.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. E146-E148
    • Rahim, S.1    Pillai, S.K.2    Gold, H.S.3    Venkataraman, L.4    Inglima, K.5    Press, R.A.6
  • 115
    • 33644898879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of testing methods for detection of decreased linezolid susceptibility due to G2576T mutation of the 23S rRNA gene in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis
    • Qi C, Zheng X, Obias A, Scheetz MH, Malczynski M, Warren JR: Comparison of testing methods for detection of decreased linezolid susceptibility due to G2576T mutation of the 23S rRNA gene in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. J Clin Microbiol 2006, 44:1098-1100.
    • (2006) J Clin Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 1098-1100
    • Qi, C.1    Zheng, X.2    Obias, A.3    Scheetz, M.H.4    Malczynski, M.5    Warren, J.R.6
  • 116
    • 0242322580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid detection and estimation by pyrosequencing of 23S rRNA genes with a single nucleotide polymorphism conferring linezolid resistance in Enterococci
    • Sinclair A, Arnold C, Woodford N: Rapid detection and estimation by pyrosequencing of 23S rRNA genes with a single nucleotide polymorphism conferring linezolid resistance in Enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:3620-3622.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 3620-3622
    • Sinclair, A.1    Arnold, C.2    Woodford, N.3
  • 117
    • 35348819452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of mutations conferring resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus spp. by fluorescence in situ hybridization
    • Werner G, Bartel M, Wellinghausen N, Essig A, Klare I, Witte W, Poppert S: Detection of mutations conferring resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus spp. by fluorescence in situ hybridization. J Clin Microbiol 2007, 45:3421-3423.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 3421-3423
    • Werner, G.1    Bartel, M.2    Wellinghausen, N.3    Essig, A.4    Klare, I.5    Witte, W.6    Poppert, S.7
  • 118
    • 8644278000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular detection of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis by use of 5' nuclease real-time PCR compared to a modified classical approach
    • Werner G, Strommenger B, Klare I, Witte W: Molecular detection of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis by use of 5' nuclease real-time PCR compared to a modified classical approach. J Clin Microbiol 2004, 42:5327-5331.
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 5327-5331
    • Werner, G.1    Strommenger, B.2    Klare, I.3    Witte, W.4
  • 119
    • 70349115037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of recombination on development of mutational resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2
    • Boumghar-Bourtchai L, Dhalluin A, Malbruny B, Galopin S, Leclercq R: Influence of recombination on development of mutational resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009, 53:4007-4009.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 4007-4009
    • Boumghar-Bourtchai, L.1    Dhalluin, A.2    Malbruny, B.3    Galopin, S.4    Leclercq, R.5
  • 121
    • 0141890246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombination proficiency influences frequency and locus of mutational resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus faecalis
    • Lobritz M, Hutton-Thomas R, Marshall S, Rice LB: Recombination proficiency influences frequency and locus of mutational resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:3318-3320.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 3318-3320
    • Lobritz, M.1    Hutton-Thomas, R.2    Marshall, S.3    Rice, L.B.4
  • 123
    • 0141891115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the DNA mismatch repair proteins MutS and MutL of oxazolidinone-resistant or-susceptible Enterococcus faecium
    • Willems RJ, Top J, Smith DJ, Roper DI, North SE, Woodford N: Mutations in the DNA mismatch repair proteins MutS and MutL of oxazolidinone-resistant or-susceptible Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:3061-3066.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 3061-3066
    • Willems, R.J.1    Top, J.2    Smith, D.J.3    Roper, D.I.4    North, S.E.5    Woodford, N.6
  • 124
    • 34250028674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of a natural resistance gene renders a clinical strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistant to the synthetic antibiotic linezolid
    • Toh SM, Xiong L, Arias CA, Villegas MV, Lolans K, Quinn J, Mankin AS: Acquisition of a natural resistance gene renders a clinical strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistant to the synthetic antibiotic linezolid. Molecular Microbiology 2007, 64:1506-1514.
    • (2007) Molecular Microbiology , vol.64 , pp. 1506-1514
    • Toh, S.M.1    Xiong, L.2    Arias, C.A.3    Villegas, M.V.4    Lolans, K.5    Quinn, J.6    Mankin, A.S.7
  • 125
    • 77955437271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of chromosomal transfer of Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island, capsule, antimicrobial resistance, and other traits
    • Manson JM, Hancock LE, Gilmore MS: Mechanism of chromosomal transfer of Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island, capsule, antimicrobial resistance, and other traits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107:12269-12274.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.107 , pp. 12269-12274
    • Manson, J.M.1    Hancock, L.E.2    Gilmore, M.S.3
  • 126
    • 0027396319 scopus 로고
    • Environmental strains of Enterococcus faecium with inducible high-level resistance to glycopeptides
    • Klare I, Heier H, Claus H, Witte W: Environmental strains of Enterococcus faecium with inducible high-level resistance to glycopeptides. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993, 106:23-29.
    • (1993) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.106 , pp. 23-29
    • Klare, I.1    Heier, H.2    Claus, H.3    Witte, W.4
  • 128
    • 0028149741 scopus 로고
    • Farm animals as a putative reservoir for vancomycinresistant enterococcal infection in man
    • Bates J, Jordens JZ, Griffiths DT: Farm animals as a putative reservoir for vancomycinresistant enterococcal infection in man. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994, 34:507-514.
    • (1994) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.34 , pp. 507-514
    • Bates, J.1    Jordens, J.Z.2    Griffiths, D.T.3
  • 129
    • 0030785125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the community and the relevance of farm animals to human infection
    • Bates J: Epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the community and the relevance of farm animals to human infection. J Hosp Infect 1997, 37:89-101.
    • (1997) J Hosp Infect , vol.37 , pp. 89-101
    • Bates, J.1
  • 130
    • 0029361772 scopus 로고
    • Enterococcus faecium strains with vanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance isolated from animal foodstuffs and fecal samples of humans in the community
    • Klare I, Heier H, Claus H, Bohme G, Marin S, Seltmann G, Hakenbeck R, Antanassova V, Witte W: Enterococcus faecium strains with vanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance isolated from animal foodstuffs and fecal samples of humans in the community. Microb Drug Resist 1995, 1:265-272.
    • (1995) Microb Drug Resist , vol.1 , pp. 265-272
    • Klare, I.1    Heier, H.2    Claus, H.3    Bohme, G.4    Marin, S.5    Seltmann, G.6    Hakenbeck, R.7    Antanassova, V.8    Witte, W.9
  • 131
    • 0028955732 scopus 로고
    • Vana-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium from animal husbandry
    • Klare I, Heier H, Claus H, Reissbrodt R, Witte W: vanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium from animal husbandry. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1995, 125:165-171.
    • (1995) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.125 , pp. 165-171
    • Klare, I.1    Heier, H.2    Claus, H.3    Reissbrodt, R.4    Witte, W.5
  • 132
    • 0031831198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance patterns of enterococci and occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in raw minced beef and pork in Germany
    • Klein G, Pack A, Reuter G: Antibiotic resistance patterns of enterococci and occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in raw minced beef and pork in Germany. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998, 64:1825-1830.
    • (1998) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 1825-1830
    • Klein, G.1    Pack, A.2    Reuter, G.3
  • 133
    • 0032805211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of avoparcin as a growth promoter and the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species in Norwegian poultry and swine production
    • Kruse H, Johansen BK, Rorvik LM, Schaller G: The use of avoparcin as a growth promoter and the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species in Norwegian poultry and swine production. Microb Drug Resist 1999, 5:135-139.
    • (1999) Microb Drug Resist , vol.5 , pp. 135-139
    • Kruse, H.1    Johansen, B.K.2    Rorvik, L.M.3    Schaller, G.4
  • 136
    • 0006872909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VRE: Animal reservoirs and food
    • Edited by Edited by Brun-Buisson C, Eliopoulos GM, Leclercq R. Paris: Flammarion Médecine-Sciences
    • Klare I, Witte W: VRE: animal reservoirs and food. In Bacterial resistance to glycopeptides. Edited by Edited by Brun-Buisson C, Eliopoulos GM, Leclercq R. Paris: Flammarion Médecine-Sciences; 1998:83-93.
    • (1998) Bacterial resistance to glycopeptides , pp. 83-93
    • Klare, I.1    Witte, W.2
  • 137
    • 0032883816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterococci with glycopeptide resistance in turkeys, turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers, and (sub)urban residents in the south of The Netherlands: Evidence for transmission of vancomycin resistance from animals to humans?
    • Stobberingh E, van Den BA, London N, Driessen C, Top J, Willems R: Enterococci with glycopeptide resistance in turkeys, turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers, and (sub)urban residents in the south of The Netherlands: evidence for transmission of vancomycin resistance from animals to humans? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999, 43:2215-2221.
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 2215-2221
    • Stobberingh, E.1    van Den, B.A.2    London, N.3    Driessen, C.4    Top, J.5    Willems, R.6
  • 138
    • 0030762266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of colonization with vancomycin-and pristinamycin-resistant enterococci in healthy humans and pigs in The Netherlands: Is the addition of antibiotics to animal feeds to blame?
    • Van Den Bogaard AE, Mertens P, London NH, Stobberingh EE: High prevalence of colonization with vancomycin-and pristinamycin-resistant enterococci in healthy humans and pigs in The Netherlands: is the addition of antibiotics to animal feeds to blame? J Antimicrob Chemother 1997, 40:454-456.
    • (1997) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 454-456
    • Van Den Bogaard, A.E.1    Mertens, P.2    London, N.H.3    Stobberingh, E.E.4
  • 139
    • 0035748751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Why are they here, and where do they come from?
    • Bonten MJ, Willems R, Weinstein RA: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: why are they here, and where do they come from? The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2001, 1:314-325.
    • (2001) The Lancet Infectious Diseases , vol.1 , pp. 314-325
    • Bonten, M.J.1    Willems, R.2    Weinstein, R.A.3
  • 140
    • 0031894833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of VanA glycopeptide resistance elements in enterococci from humans and nonhuman sources
    • Woodford N, Adebiyi AM, Palepou MF, Cookson BD: Diversity of VanA glycopeptide resistance elements in enterococci from humans and nonhuman sources. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998, 42:502-508.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 502-508
    • Woodford, N.1    Adebiyi, A.M.2    Palepou, M.F.3    Cookson, B.D.4
  • 141
    • 0034041550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion and the occurrence of resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers and pigs in Denmark, Finland, and Norway
    • Aarestrup FM, Kruse H, Tast E, Hammerum AM, Jensen LB: Associations between the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion and the occurrence of resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers and pigs in Denmark, Finland, and Norway. Microb Drug Resist 2000, 6:63-70.
    • (2000) Microb Drug Resist , vol.6 , pp. 63-70
    • Aarestrup, F.M.1    Kruse, H.2    Tast, E.3    Hammerum, A.M.4    Jensen, L.B.5
  • 142
    • 0032951278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased incidence of VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry meat and from fecal samples of humans in the community after discontinuation of avoparcin usage in animal husbandry
    • Klare I, Badstubner D, Konstabel C, Bohme G, Claus H, Witte W: Decreased incidence of VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry meat and from fecal samples of humans in the community after discontinuation of avoparcin usage in animal husbandry. Microb Drug Resist 1999, 5:45-52.
    • (1999) Microb Drug Resist , vol.5 , pp. 45-52
    • Klare, I.1    Badstubner, D.2    Konstabel, C.3    Bohme, G.4    Claus, H.5    Witte, W.6
  • 143
    • 0033829077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuing high prevalence of VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci on Norwegian poultry farms three years after avoparcin was banned
    • Borgen K, Simonsen GS, Sundsfjord A, Wasteson Y, Olsvik O, Kruse H: Continuing high prevalence of VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci on Norwegian poultry farms three years after avoparcin was banned. J Appl Microbiol 2000, 89:478-485.
    • (2000) J Appl Microbiol , vol.89 , pp. 478-485
    • Borgen, K.1    Simonsen, G.S.2    Sundsfjord, A.3    Wasteson, Y.4    Olsvik, O.5    Kruse, H.6
  • 144
    • 0035961640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) remain prevalent in poultry carcasses 3 years after avoparcin was banned
    • Borgen K, Sorum M, Wasteson Y, Kruse H: VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) remain prevalent in poultry carcasses 3 years after avoparcin was banned. Int J Food Microbiol 2001, 64:89-94.
    • (2001) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 89-94
    • Borgen, K.1    Sorum, M.2    Wasteson, Y.3    Kruse, H.4
  • 145
    • 57349193479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) still persist in slaughtered poultry in hungary 8 years after the ban on avoparcin
    • Ghidan A, Dobay O, Kaszanyitzky EJ, Samu P, Amyes SG, Nagy K, Rozgonyi F: Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) still persist in slaughtered poultry in hungary 8 years after the ban on avoparcin. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2008, 55:409-417.
    • (2008) Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung , vol.55 , pp. 409-417
    • Ghidan, A.1    Dobay, O.2    Kaszanyitzky, E.J.3    Samu, P.4    Amyes, S.G.5    Nagy, K.6    Rozgonyi, F.7
  • 146
    • 64649091464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread without known selective pressure of a vancomycin-resistant clone of Enterococcus faecium among broilers
    • Nilsson O, Greko C, Top J, Franklin A, Bengtsson B: Spread without known selective pressure of a vancomycin-resistant clone of Enterococcus faecium among broilers. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009, 63:868-872.
    • (2009) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.63 , pp. 868-872
    • Nilsson, O.1    Greko, C.2    Top, J.3    Franklin, A.4    Bengtsson, B.5
  • 148
    • 77951139051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Results of a survey in Stockholm
    • Fang H, Nord CE, Ullberg M: Screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococci: results of a survey in Stockholm. APMIS 2010, 118:413-417.
    • (2010) APMIS , vol.118 , pp. 413-417
    • Fang, H.1    Nord, C.E.2    Ullberg, M.3
  • 150
    • 33746687837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of vanA-type Enterococcus faecium in Korean livestock after ban on avoparcin
    • Lim SK, Kim TS, Lee HS, Nam HM, Joo YS, Koh HB: Persistence of vanA-type Enterococcus faecium in Korean livestock after ban on avoparcin. Microbial Drug Resistance 2006, 12:136-139.
    • (2006) Microbial Drug Resistance , vol.12 , pp. 136-139
    • Lim, S.K.1    Kim, T.S.2    Lee, H.S.3    Nam, H.M.4    Joo, Y.S.5    Koh, H.B.6
  • 151
    • 76749158457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification and antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococcus species isolated from apparently healthy food-producing animals in Japan
    • Kojima A, Morioka A, Kijima M, Ishihara K, Asai T, Fujisawa T, Tamura Y, Takahashi T: Classification and antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococcus species isolated from apparently healthy food-producing animals in Japan. Zoonoses Public Health 2010, 57:137-141.
    • (2010) Zoonoses Public Health , vol.57 , pp. 137-141
    • Kojima, A.1    Morioka, A.2    Kijima, M.3    Ishihara, K.4    Asai, T.5    Fujisawa, T.6    Tamura, Y.7    Takahashi, T.8
  • 154
    • 77957009812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sustained hospital outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia due to emergence of vanB E. faecium sequence type 203
    • Johnson PD, Ballard SA, Grabsch EA, Stinear TP, Seemann T, Young HL, Grayson ML, Howden BP: A sustained hospital outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia due to emergence of vanB E. faecium sequence type 203. J Infect Dis 2010, 202:1278-1286.
    • (2010) J Infect Dis , vol.202 , pp. 1278-1286
    • Johnson, P.D.1    Ballard, S.A.2    Grabsch, E.A.3    Stinear, T.P.4    Seemann, T.5    Young, H.L.6    Grayson, M.L.7    Howden, B.P.8
  • 155
    • 39049121232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence determinants in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium vanB: Clonal distribution, prevalence and significance of esp and hyl in Australian patients with haematological disorders
    • Worth LJ, Slavin MA, Vankerckhoven V, Goossens H, Grabsch EA, Thursky KA: Virulence determinants in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium vanB: clonal distribution, prevalence and significance of esp and hyl in Australian patients with haematological disorders. J Hosp Infect 2008, 68:137-144.
    • (2008) J Hosp Infect , vol.68 , pp. 137-144
    • Worth, L.J.1    Slavin, M.A.2    Vankerckhoven, V.3    Goossens, H.4    Grabsch, E.A.5    Thursky, K.A.6
  • 157
    • 0029956752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci from nosocomial, community, and animal sources in the United States
    • Coque TM, Tomayko JF, Ricke SC, Okhyusen PC, Murray BE: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci from nosocomial, community, and animal sources in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996, 40:2605-2609.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 2605-2609
    • Coque, T.M.1    Tomayko, J.F.2    Ricke, S.C.3    Okhyusen, P.C.4    Murray, B.E.5
  • 158
    • 0032130468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Why did it happen in the United States?
    • Martone WJ: Spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: why did it happen in the United States? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998, 19:539-545.
    • (1998) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.19 , pp. 539-545
    • Martone, W.J.1
  • 159
    • 0031178966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci outside the health-care setting: Prevalence, sources, and public health implications
    • McDonald LC, Kuehnert MJ, Tenover FC, Jarvis WR: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci outside the health-care setting: prevalence, sources, and public health implications. Emerg Infect Dis 1997, 3:311-317.
    • (1997) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 311-317
    • McDonald, L.C.1    Kuehnert, M.J.2    Tenover, F.C.3    Jarvis, W.R.4
  • 161
    • 0032565588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of “colonization pressure” in the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: An important infection control variable
    • Bonten MJ, Slaughter S, Ambergen AW, Hayden MK, van VJ, Nathan C, Weinstein RA: The role of “colonization pressure” in the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: an important infection control variable. Arch Intern Med 1998, 158:1127-1132.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , pp. 1127-1132
    • Bonten, M.J.1    Slaughter, S.2    Ambergen, A.W.3    Hayden, M.K.4    Van, V.J.5    Nathan, C.6    Weinstein, R.A.7
  • 164
    • 0032512458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical consequences of antibiotic use in agriculture
    • Witte W: Medical consequences of antibiotic use in agriculture. Science 1998, 279:996-997.
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 996-997
    • Witte, W.1
  • 165
    • 0034102094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological impact of antibiotic use in animals on different complex microflora: Environment
    • Witte W: Ecological impact of antibiotic use in animals on different complex microflora: environment. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2000, 14:321-325.
    • (2000) International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents , vol.14 , pp. 321-325
    • Witte, W.1
  • 166
    • 76849089705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal spread of CC17 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with multilocus sequence type 78 (ST78) and a novel ST444 in Taiwan
    • Hsieh YC, Lee WS, Ou TY, Hsueh PR: Clonal spread of CC17 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with multilocus sequence type 78 (ST78) and a novel ST444 in Taiwan. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010, 29:25-30.
    • (2010) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 25-30
    • Hsieh, Y.C.1    Lee, W.S.2    Ou, T.Y.3    Hsueh, P.R.4
  • 169
    • 44349175494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing rates of vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus faecium isolated from German hospitals between 2004 and 2006 are due to wide clonal dissemination of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and horizontal spread of vanA clusters
    • Werner G, Klare I, Fleige C, Witte W: Increasing rates of vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus faecium isolated from German hospitals between 2004 and 2006 are due to wide clonal dissemination of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and horizontal spread of vanA clusters. International Journal of Medical Microbiology 2007, 298:515-527.
    • (2007) International Journal of Medical Microbiology , vol.298 , pp. 515-527
    • Werner, G.1    Klare, I.2    Fleige, C.3    Witte, W.4
  • 171
    • 35448999299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium genotypes associated with outbreaks or sporadic infections in Italy
    • Bonora MG, Olioso D, Lo CG, Fontana R: Phylogenetic analysis of vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium genotypes associated with outbreaks or sporadic infections in Italy. Microb Drug Resist 2007, 13:171-177.
    • (2007) Microb Drug Resist , vol.13 , pp. 171-177
    • Bonora, M.G.1    Olioso, D.2    Lo, C.G.3    Fontana, R.4
  • 173
    • 34548842503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of hospital-adapted clonal complex-17 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain in a haematology unit: Role of rapid typing for early control
    • Deplano A, Denis O, Nonhoff C, Rost F, Byl B, Jacobs F, Vankerckhoven V, Goossens H, Struelens MJ: Outbreak of hospital-adapted clonal complex-17 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain in a haematology unit: role of rapid typing for early control. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007, 60:849-854.
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.60 , pp. 849-854
    • Deplano, A.1    Denis, O.2    Nonhoff, C.3    Rost, F.4    Byl, B.5    Jacobs, F.6    Vankerckhoven, V.7    Goossens, H.8    Struelens, M.J.9
  • 175
    • 33750548240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of horizontal transfer of the transposon Tn1546 in the nosocomial spread of vanA vancomycin-resistant enterococci at a tertiary care hospital in Korea
    • Yoo SJ, Sung H, Cho YU, Kim MN, Pai CH, Kim YS: Role of horizontal transfer of the transposon Tn1546 in the nosocomial spread of vanA vancomycin-resistant enterococci at a tertiary care hospital in Korea. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006, 27:1081-1087.
    • (2006) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 1081-1087
    • Yoo, S.J.1    Sung, H.2    Cho, Y.U.3    Kim, M.N.4    Pai, C.H.5    Kim, Y.S.6
  • 176
    • 40549101869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in a setting of polyclonal endemicity of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
    • Top J, Banga NM, Hayes R, Willems RJ, Bonten MJ, Hayden MK: Comparison of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in a setting of polyclonal endemicity of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008, 14:363-369.
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.14 , pp. 363-369
    • Top, J.1    Banga, N.M.2    Hayes, R.3    Willems, R.J.4    Bonten, M.J.5    Hayden, M.K.6
  • 177
    • 52949097686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of hot spots in the evolution and transmission of Tn1546 in glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium (GREF) from broiler origin
    • Garcia-Migura L, Hasman H, Svendsen C, Jensen LB: Relevance of hot spots in the evolution and transmission of Tn1546 in glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium (GREF) from broiler origin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008, 62:681-687.
    • (2008) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.62 , pp. 681-687
    • Garcia-Migura, L.1    Hasman, H.2    Svendsen, C.3    Jensen, L.B.4
  • 178
    • 85030263026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EARSS Annual report 2008
    • EARSS: EARSS Annual report 2008. EARSS Annual report 2008 2009, 10:1-180.
    • (2009) EARSS Annual report 2008 , vol.10 , pp. 1-180
  • 179
    • 77949510670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental contamination by vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Swedish broiler production
    • Nilsson O, Greko C, Bengtsson B: Environmental contamination by vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Swedish broiler production. Acta Vet Scand 2009, 51:49.
    • (2009) Acta Vet Scand , vol.51 , pp. 49
    • Nilsson, O.1    Greko, C.2    Bengtsson, B.3
  • 180
    • 33644868121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, persistence, and molecular characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci in Norwegian poultry and poultry farmers 3 to 8 years after the ban on avoparcin
    • Sorum M, Johnsen PJ, Aasnes B, Rosvoll T, Kruse H, Sundsfjord A, Simonsen GS: Prevalence, persistence, and molecular characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci in Norwegian poultry and poultry farmers 3 to 8 years after the ban on avoparcin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006, 72:516-521.
    • (2006) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.72 , pp. 516-521
    • Sorum, M.1    Johnsen, P.J.2    Aasnes, B.3    Rosvoll, T.4    Kruse, H.5    Sundsfjord, A.6    Simonsen, G.S.7
  • 183
    • 38149119489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of clonal complex 17 Enterococcus faecium in The Netherlands
    • Top J, Willems R, van d, V, Asbroek M, Bonten M: Emergence of clonal complex 17 Enterococcus faecium in The Netherlands. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:214-219.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 214-219
    • Top, J.1    Willems, R.2    Van, D.V.3    Asbroek, M.4    Bonten, M.5
  • 184
    • 34447569191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On behalf of the Spanish Group of ‘The European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System’ (EARSS): Trends in antimicrobial resistance in 3469 enterococci isolated from blood (EARSS experience 2001-06, Spain): Increasing ampicillin resistance in Enterococcus faecium
    • Oteo J, Cuevas O, Navarro C, Aracil B, Campos J, on behalf of the Spanish Group of ‘The European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System’ (EARSS): Trends in antimicrobial resistance in 3469 enterococci isolated from blood (EARSS experience 2001-06, Spain): increasing ampicillin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007, 59:1044-1045.
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.59 , pp. 1044-1045
    • Oteo, J.1    Cuevas, O.2    Navarro, C.3    Aracil, B.4    Campos, J.5
  • 187
    • 84870637743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterococci with vancomycin resistance from German hospitals in 2008/2009 (German)
    • Klare I, Werner G, Witte W: Enterococci with vancomycin resistance from German hospitals in 2008/2009 (German). Epidemiologisches Bulletin 2010, 2010:427-437.
    • (2010) Epidemiologisches Bulletin , vol.2010 , pp. 427-437
    • Klare, I.1    Werner, G.2    Witte, W.3
  • 189
    • 35348860859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the BD GeneOhm VanR Assay to culture for identification of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in rectal and stool specimens
    • Stamper PD, Cai M, Lema C, Eskey K, Carroll KC: Comparison of the BD GeneOhm VanR Assay to culture for identification of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in rectal and stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2007, 45:3360-3365.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 3360-3365
    • Stamper, P.D.1    Cai, M.2    Lema, C.3    Eskey, K.4    Carroll, K.C.5
  • 190
    • 34249996566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct detection of vanB2 using the Roche LightCycler vanA/B detection assay to indicate vancomycin-resistant enterococcal carriage-sensitive but not specific
    • Young HL, Ballard SA, Roffey P, Grayson ML: Direct detection of vanB2 using the Roche LightCycler vanA/B detection assay to indicate vancomycin-resistant enterococcal carriage-sensitive but not specific. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007, 59:809-810.
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.59 , pp. 809-810
    • Young, H.L.1    Ballard, S.A.2    Roffey, P.3    Grayson, M.L.4
  • 191
    • 77955592392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective, multicenter evaluation of the BD GeneOhm VanR assay for direct, rapid detection of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species in perianal and rectal specimens
    • Usacheva EA, Ginocchio CC, Morgan M, Maglanoc G, Mehta MS, Tremblay S, Karchmer TB, Peterson LR: Prospective, multicenter evaluation of the BD GeneOhm VanR assay for direct, rapid detection of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species in perianal and rectal specimens. Am J Clin Pathol 2010, 134:219-226.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.134 , pp. 219-226
    • Usacheva, E.A.1    Ginocchio, C.C.2    Morgan, M.3    Maglanoc, G.4    Mehta, M.S.5    Tremblay, S.6    Karchmer, T.B.7    Peterson, L.R.8
  • 194
    • 45149084500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved detection of vanB2-containing Enterococcus faecium with vancomycin susceptibility by Etest using oxgall supplementation
    • Grabsch EA, Chua K, Xie S, Byrne J, Ballard SA, Ward PB, Grayson ML: Improved detection of vanB2-containing Enterococcus faecium with vancomycin susceptibility by Etest using oxgall supplementation. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:1961-1964.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 1961-1964
    • Grabsch, E.A.1    Chua, K.2    Xie, S.3    Byrne, J.4    Ballard, S.A.5    Ward, P.B.6    Grayson, M.L.7
  • 195
    • 57349142977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of selective chromogenic (chromID VRE) and bile esculin agars for isolation and identification of vanB-containing vancomycin-resistant enterococci from feces and rectal swabs
    • Grabsch EA, Ghaly-Derias S, Gao W, Howden BP: Comparative study of selective chromogenic (chromID VRE) and bile esculin agars for isolation and identification of vanB-containing vancomycin-resistant enterococci from feces and rectal swabs. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:4034-4036.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 4034-4036
    • Grabsch, E.A.1    Ghaly-Derias, S.2    Gao, W.3    Howden, B.P.4
  • 196
    • 50149096627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difficulties in detection and identification of Enterococcus faecium with low-level inducible resistance to vancomycin, during a hospital outbreak
    • Pendle S, Jelfs P, Olma T, Su Y, Gilroy N, Gilbert GL: Difficulties in detection and identification of Enterococcus faecium with low-level inducible resistance to vancomycin, during a hospital outbreak. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008, 14:853-857.
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.14 , pp. 853-857
    • Pendle, S.1    Jelfs, P.2    Olma, T.3    Su, Y.4    Gilroy, N.5    Gilbert, G.L.6
  • 198
    • 33745032306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2004 Lowbury Lecture: The Western Australian experience with vancomycin-resistant enterococci-from disaster to ongoing control
    • Pearman JW: 2004 Lowbury Lecture: the Western Australian experience with vancomycin-resistant enterococci-from disaster to ongoing control. Journal of Hospital Infection 2006, 63:14-26.
    • (2006) Journal of Hospital Infection , vol.63 , pp. 14-26
    • Pearman, J.W.1
  • 199
    • 33646363305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of epidemic clones of vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium in Singapore
    • Koh TH, Hsu LY, Chiu LL, Lin RVTP: Emergence of epidemic clones of vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium in Singapore. Journal of Hospital Infection 2006, 63:234-236.
    • (2006) Journal of Hospital Infection , vol.63 , pp. 234-236
    • Koh, T.H.1    Hsu, L.Y.2    Chiu, L.L.3    Lin, R.V.T.P.4
  • 201
    • 0035192730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of fecal colonization with VRE among residents of long-term-care facilities in Melbourne, Australia
    • Padiglione AA, Grabsch E, Wolfe R, Gibson K, Grayson ML: The prevalence of fecal colonization with VRE among residents of long-term-care facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001, 22:576-578.
    • (2001) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.22 , pp. 576-578
    • Padiglione, A.A.1    Grabsch, E.2    Wolfe, R.3    Gibson, K.4    Grayson, M.L.5
  • 202
    • 79960374826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of direct cultivation on a selective solid medium, PCR from an enrichment broth and the BD GeneOhm™ VanR Assay for identification of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in screening specimens
    • (in press)
    • [201a] Werner G, Serr A, Schütt S, Schneider C, Klare I, Witte W, Scheuermann M, Torfs H, Wendt C: Comparison of direct cultivation on a selective solid medium, PCR from an enrichment broth and the BD GeneOhm™ VanR Assay for identification of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in screening specimens. Diagn. Microbiol. Inf. Dis. 2011, (in press) [10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.04.004].
    • (2011) Diagn. Microbiol. Inf. Dis
    • Werner, G.1    Serr, A.2    Schütt, S.3    Schneider, C.4    Klare, I.5    Witte, W.6    Scheuermann, M.7    Torfs, H.8    Wendt, C.9
  • 203
    • 0038167383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREF) isolate from a dog with mastitis: Further evidence of a clonal lineage of VREF in New Zealand
    • Manson JM, Keis S, Smith JM, Cook GM: Characterization of a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREF) isolate from a dog with mastitis: further evidence of a clonal lineage of VREF in New Zealand. J Clin Microbiol 2003, 41:3331-3333.
    • (2003) J Clin Microbiol , vol.41 , pp. 3331-3333
    • Manson, J.M.1    Keis, S.2    Smith, J.M.3    Cook, G.M.4
  • 204
    • 53649108656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VanB phenotype-vanA genotype Enterococcus faecium with heterogeneous expression of teicoplanin resistance
    • Park IJ, Lee WG, Shin JH, Lee KW, Woo GJ: VanB phenotype-vanA genotype Enterococcus faecium with heterogeneous expression of teicoplanin resistance. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:3091-3093.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 3091-3093
    • Park, I.J.1    Lee, W.G.2    Shin, J.H.3    Lee, K.W.4    Woo, G.J.5
  • 205
    • 33750602456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VanB-vanA incongruent VRE isolated from animals and humans in 1999
    • Shin E, Hong H, Ike Y, Lee K, Park YH, Cho DT, Lee Y: VanB-vanA incongruent VRE isolated from animals and humans in 1999. J Microbiol 2006, 44:453-456.
    • (2006) J Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 453-456
    • Shin, E.1    Hong, H.2    Ike, Y.3    Lee, K.4    Park, Y.H.5    Cho, D.T.6    Lee, Y.7
  • 207
    • 34548080621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first molecular analysis of clinical isolates of VanA-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains in mainland China
    • Zheng B, Tomita H, Xiao YH, Ike Y: The first molecular analysis of clinical isolates of VanA-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains in mainland China. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007, 45:307-312.
    • (2007) Lett Appl Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 307-312
    • Zheng, B.1    Tomita, H.2    Xiao, Y.H.3    Ike, Y.4
  • 208
    • 34548683196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from mainland China
    • Zheng B, Tomita H, Xiao YH, Wang S, Li Y, Ike Y: Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from mainland China. J Clin Microbiol 2007, 45:2813-2818.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 2813-2818
    • Zheng, B.1    Tomita, H.2    Xiao, Y.H.3    Wang, S.4    Li, Y.5    Ike, Y.6
  • 209
    • 67349142606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterisation of outbreak-related strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from an intensive care unit in Beijing, China
    • Zhu X, Zheng B, Wang S, Willems RJ, Xue F, Cao X, Li Y, Bo S, Liu J: Molecular characterisation of outbreak-related strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from an intensive care unit in Beijing, China. J Hosp Infect 2009, 72:147-154.
    • (2009) J Hosp Infect , vol.72 , pp. 147-154
    • Zhu, X.1    Zheng, B.2    Wang, S.3    Willems, R.J.4    Xue, F.5    Cao, X.6    Li, Y.7    Bo, S.8    Liu, J.9
  • 210
    • 85030248135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. from Cuba and other Latin American countries
    • 1 edition. Edited by Edited by Kobayashi N. Kerala, India: Research Signpost
    • Quinones Perez D: Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. from Cuba and other Latin American countries. In Drug resistance of enterococci: Epidemiology and molecular mechanisms. 1 edition. Edited by Edited by Kobayashi N. Kerala, India: Research Signpost; 2006:1-20.
    • (2006) Drug resistance of enterococci: Epidemiology and molecular mechanisms , pp. 1-20
    • Quinones Perez, D.1
  • 211
    • 77649316465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive bacteria isolated in Latin American hospitals
    • Sader HS, Moet GJ, Jones RN: Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive bacteria isolated in Latin American hospitals. J Chemother 2009, 21:611-620.
    • (2009) J Chemother , vol.21 , pp. 611-620
    • Sader, H.S.1    Moet, G.J.2    Jones, R.N.3
  • 212
    • 67651053151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal dissemination of Enterococcus faecalis ST201 and Enterococcus faecium CC17-ST64 containing Tn5382-vanB2 among 16 hospitals in Chile
    • Lopez M, Hormazabal JC, Maldonado A, Saavedra G, Baquero F, Silva J, Torres C, Del CR: Clonal dissemination of Enterococcus faecalis ST201 and Enterococcus faecium CC17-ST64 containing Tn5382-vanB2 among 16 hospitals in Chile. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009, 15:586-588.
    • (2009) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.15 , pp. 586-588
    • Lopez, M.1    Hormazabal, J.C.2    Maldonado, A.3    Saavedra, G.4    Baquero, F.5    Silva, J.6    Torres, C.7    Del, C.R.8
  • 213
    • 0033200235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization of high-risk patients in tertiary care Canadian hospitals. Canadian VRE Surveillance Group
    • Karlowsky JA, Zhanel GG, Hoban DJ: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization of high-risk patients in tertiary care Canadian hospitals. Canadian VRE Surveillance Group. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999, 35:1-7.
    • (1999) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 1-7
    • Karlowsky, J.A.1    Zhanel, G.G.2    Hoban, D.J.3
  • 218
    • 49149103382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and extended-spectrum betalactamase-producing Escherichia coli in intensive care units in Canada: Results of the Canadian National Intensive Care Unit (CAN-ICU) study (2005-2006)
    • Zhanel GG, DeCorby M, Nichol KA, Baudry PJ, Karlowsky JA, Lagace-Wiens PR, McCracken M, Mulvey MR, Hoban DJ: Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and extended-spectrum betalactamase-producing Escherichia coli in intensive care units in Canada: Results of the Canadian National Intensive Care Unit (CAN-ICU) study (2005-2006). Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2008, 19:243-249.
    • (2008) Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol , vol.19 , pp. 243-249
    • Zhanel, G.G.1    DeCorby, M.2    Nichol, K.A.3    Baudry, P.J.4    Karlowsky, J.A.5    Lagace-Wiens, P.R.6    McCracken, M.7    Mulvey, M.R.8    Hoban, D.J.9
  • 220
    • 0034082552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of the vanD gene cluster and a novel insertion element in a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus isolated in Canada
    • Boyd DA, Conly J, Dedier H, Peters G, Robertson L, Slater E, Mulvey MR: Molecular characterization of the vanD gene cluster and a novel insertion element in a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus isolated in Canada. J Clin Microbiol 2000, 38:2392-2394.
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 2392-2394
    • Boyd, D.A.1    Conly, J.2    Dedier, H.3    Peters, G.4    Robertson, L.5    Slater, E.6    Mulvey, M.R.7
  • 221
    • 0036093378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of the vanE gene cluster in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis N00-410 isolated in Canada
    • Boyd DA, Cabral T, Van CP, Wylie J, Mulvey MR: Molecular characterization of the vanE gene cluster in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis N00-410 isolated in Canada. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002, 46:1977-1979.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 1977-1979
    • Boyd, D.A.1    Cabral, T.2    Van, C.P.3    Wylie, J.4    Mulvey, M.R.5
  • 222
    • 4644224561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterococcus faecium N03-0072 carries a new VanD-type vancomycin resistance determinant: Characterization of the VanD5 operon
    • Boyd DA, Kibsey P, Roscoe D, Mulvey MR: Enterococcus faecium N03-0072 carries a new VanD-type vancomycin resistance determinant: characterization of the VanD5 operon. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 54:680-683.
    • (2004) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 680-683
    • Boyd, D.A.1    Kibsey, P.2    Roscoe, D.3    Mulvey, M.R.4
  • 224
    • 46249111916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of Enterococcus faecalis N06-0364 with low-level vancomycin resistance harboring a novel D-Ala-D-Ser gene cluster, vanL
    • Boyd DA, Willey BM, Fawcett D, Gillani N, Mulvey MR: Molecular characterization of Enterococcus faecalis N06-0364 with low-level vancomycin resistance harboring a novel D-Ala-D-Ser gene cluster, vanL. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008, 52:2667-2672.
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 2667-2672
    • Boyd, D.A.1    Willey, B.M.2    Fawcett, D.3    Gillani, N.4    Mulvey, M.R.5
  • 225
    • 3042607987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in the United States in 2002
    • Karlowsky JA, Jones ME, Draghi DC, Thornsberry C, Sahm DF, Volturo GA: Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in the United States in 2002. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2004, 3:7.
    • (2004) Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob , vol.3 , pp. 7
    • Karlowsky, J.A.1    Jones, M.E.2    Draghi, D.C.3    Thornsberry, C.4    Sahm, D.F.5    Volturo, G.A.6
  • 226
    • 70449721887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of clonality and antibiotic resistance among early clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium in the United States
    • Galloway-Pena JR, Nallapareddy SR, Arias CA, Eliopoulos GM, Murray BE: Analysis of clonality and antibiotic resistance among early clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium in the United States. J Infect Dis 2009, 15:1566-1573.
    • (2009) J Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 1566-1573
    • Galloway-Pena, J.R.1    Nallapareddy, S.R.2    Arias, C.A.3    Eliopoulos, G.M.4    Murray, B.E.5
  • 227
    • 59449088862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century-a clinical superchallenge
    • Arias CA, Murray BE: Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century-a clinical superchallenge. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:439-443.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 439-443
    • Arias, C.A.1    Murray, B.E.2
  • 228
    • 73649086225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transition of Enterococcus faecium from commensal organism to nosocomial pathogen
    • Willems RJ, van Schaik W.: Transition of Enterococcus faecium from commensal organism to nosocomial pathogen. Future Microbiol 2009, 4:1125-1135.
    • (2009) Future Microbiol , vol.4 , pp. 1125-1135
    • Willems, R.J.1    van Schaik, W.2
  • 229
    • 34249799031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from North America and Europe: A report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program
    • Deshpande LM, Fritsche TR, Moet GJ, Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN: Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from North America and Europe: a report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007, 58:163-170.
    • (2007) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.58 , pp. 163-170
    • Deshpande, L.M.1    Fritsche, T.R.2    Moet, G.J.3    Biedenbach, D.J.4    Jones, R.N.5
  • 230
    • 58849090457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular trends of hospitalization with vancomycinresistant enterococcus infection in the United States, 2000-2006
    • Ramsey AM, Zilberberg MD: Secular trends of hospitalization with vancomycinresistant enterococcus infection in the United States, 2000-2006. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009, 30:184-186.
    • (2009) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 184-186
    • Ramsey, A.M.1    Zilberberg, M.D.2
  • 233
    • 8144229854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in New Zealand broilers after discontinuation of avoparcin use
    • Manson JM, Smith JM, Cook GM: Persistence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in New Zealand broilers after discontinuation of avoparcin use. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004, 70:5764-5768.
    • (2004) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.70 , pp. 5764-5768
    • Manson, J.M.1    Smith, J.M.2    Cook, G.M.3
  • 234
    • 77958084439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial-resistant enterococci in animals and meat: A human health hazard?
    • Hammerum AM, Lester CH, Heuer OE: Antimicrobial-resistant enterococci in animals and meat: a human health hazard? Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010, 7:1137-1146.
    • (2010) Foodborne Pathog Dis , vol.7 , pp. 1137-1146
    • Hammerum, A.M.1    Lester, C.H.2    Heuer, O.E.3
  • 236
    • 76349105479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCR-based plasmid typing in Enterococcus faecium strains reveals widely distributed pRE25-, pRUM-, pIP501-and pHTbeta-related replicons associated with glycopeptide resistance and stabilizing toxin-antitoxin systems
    • Rosvoll TCS, Pedersen T, Sletvold H, Johnsen PJ, Sollid JE, Simonsen GS, Jensen LB, Nielsen KM, Sundsfjord A: PCR-based plasmid typing in Enterococcus faecium strains reveals widely distributed pRE25-, pRUM-, pIP501-and pHTbeta-related replicons associated with glycopeptide resistance and stabilizing toxin-antitoxin systems. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 2009, 58:254-268.
    • (2009) FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology , vol.58 , pp. 254-268
    • Rosvoll, T.C.S.1    Pedersen, T.2    Sletvold, H.3    Johnsen, P.J.4    Sollid, J.E.5    Simonsen, G.S.6    Jensen, L.B.7    Nielsen, K.M.8    Sundsfjord, A.9
  • 237
    • 33846600362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative DNA analysis of two vanA plasmids from Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from poultry and a poultry farmer in Norway
    • Sletvold H, Johnsen PJ, Simonsen GS, Aasnaes B, Sundsfjord A, Nielsen KM: Comparative DNA analysis of two vanA plasmids from Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from poultry and a poultry farmer in Norway. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007, 51:736-739.
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 736-739
    • Sletvold, H.1    Johnsen, P.J.2    Simonsen, G.S.3    Aasnaes, B.4    Sundsfjord, A.5    Nielsen, K.M.6
  • 238
    • 44649177564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete sequence of Enterococcus faecium pVEF3 and the detection of an omega-epsilon-zeta toxin-antitoxin module and an ABC transporter
    • Sletvold H, Johnsen PJ, Hamre I, Simonsen GS, Sundsfjord A, Nielsen KM: Complete sequence of Enterococcus faecium pVEF3 and the detection of an omega-epsilon-zeta toxin-antitoxin module and an ABC transporter. Plasmid 2008, 60:75-85.
    • (2008) Plasmid , vol.60 , pp. 75-85
    • Sletvold, H.1    Johnsen, P.J.2    Hamre, I.3    Simonsen, G.S.4    Sundsfjord, A.5    Nielsen, K.M.6
  • 239
    • 0031808597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from hospitalized patients and poultry products in The Netherlands
    • van den Braak N, van Belkum A, van Keulen M, Vliegenthart J, Verbrugh HA, Endtz HP: Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from hospitalized patients and poultry products in The Netherlands. J Clin Microbiol 1998, 36:1927-1932.
    • (1998) J Clin Microbiol , vol.36 , pp. 1927-1932
    • Van Den Braak, N.1    van Belkum, A.2    van Keulen, M.3    Vliegenthart, J.4    Verbrugh, H.A.5    Endtz, H.P.6
  • 241
    • 77954232279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of vanA from an Enterococcus faecium isolate of chicken origin to a CC17 E. faecium isolate in the intestine of cephalosporin-treated mice
    • Lester CH, Hammerum AM: Transfer of vanA from an Enterococcus faecium isolate of chicken origin to a CC17 E. faecium isolate in the intestine of cephalosporin-treated mice. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010, 65:1534-1536.
    • (2010) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.65 , pp. 1534-1536
    • Lester, C.H.1    Hammerum, A.M.2
  • 242
    • 31944451507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo transfer of the vanA resistance gene from an Enterococcus faecium isolate of animal origin to an E. faecium isolate of human origin in the intestines of human volunteers
    • Lester CH, Frimodt-Moller N, Sorensen TL, Monnet DL, Hammerum AM: In vivo transfer of the vanA resistance gene from an Enterococcus faecium isolate of animal origin to an E. faecium isolate of human origin in the intestines of human volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006, 50:596-599.
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 596-599
    • Lester, C.H.1    Frimodt-Moller, N.2    Sorensen, T.L.3    Monnet, D.L.4    Hammerum, A.M.5
  • 243
    • 0041922546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple antibiotic resistance gene transfer from animal to human enterococci in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice
    • Moubareck C, Bourgeois N, Courvalin P, Doucet-Populaire F: Multiple antibiotic resistance gene transfer from animal to human enterococci in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:2993-2996.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 2993-2996
    • Moubareck, C.1    Bourgeois, N.2    Courvalin, P.3    Doucet-Populaire, F.4
  • 244
    • 34248195013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of plasmid and chromosomal glycopeptide resistance determinants occurs more readily in the digestive tract of mice than in vitro and exconjugants can persist stably in vivo in the absence of glycopeptide selection
    • Dahl KH, Mater DD, Flores MJ, Johnsen PJ, Midtvedt T, Corthier G, Sundsfjord A: Transfer of plasmid and chromosomal glycopeptide resistance determinants occurs more readily in the digestive tract of mice than in vitro and exconjugants can persist stably in vivo in the absence of glycopeptide selection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007, 59:478-486.
    • (2007) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.59 , pp. 478-486
    • Dahl, K.H.1    Mater, D.D.2    Flores, M.J.3    Johnsen, P.J.4    Midtvedt, T.5    Corthier, G.6    Sundsfjord, A.7
  • 246
    • 2442455730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of insertion sequences associated with Tn1546-like elements among Enterococcus faecium isolates from patients in Korea
    • Huh JY, Lee WG, Lee K, Shin WS, Yoo JH: Distribution of insertion sequences associated with Tn1546-like elements among Enterococcus faecium isolates from patients in Korea. J Clin Microbiol 2004, 42:1897-1902.
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 1897-1902
    • Huh, J.Y.1    Lee, W.G.2    Lee, K.3    Shin, W.S.4    Yoo, J.H.5
  • 249
    • 77953953492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobile genetic elements and their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococus faecium
    • Hegstad K, Mikalsen T, Coque TM, Werner G, Sundsfjord A: Mobile genetic elements and their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococus faecium. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010, 16:541-554.
    • (2010) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.16 , pp. 541-554
    • Hegstad, K.1    Mikalsen, T.2    Coque, T.M.3    Werner, G.4    Sundsfjord, A.5
  • 252
    • 25844461462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from community wastewater from a semiclosed agri-food system in Texas
    • Poole TL, Hume ME, Campbell LD, Scott HM, Alali WQ, Harvey RB: Vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from community wastewater from a semiclosed agri-food system in Texas. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:4382-4385.
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 4382-4385
    • Poole, T.L.1    Hume, M.E.2    Campbell, L.D.3    Scott, H.M.4    Alali, W.Q.5    Harvey, R.B.6
  • 254
    • 0017270015 scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibility and resistance of animal staphylococci to macrolide antibiotics and related compounds
    • Devriese LA: In vitro susceptibility and resistance of animal staphylococci to macrolide antibiotics and related compounds. Ann Rech Vet 1976, 7:65-74.
    • (1976) Ann Rech Vet , vol.7 , pp. 65-74
    • Devriese, L.A.1
  • 255
    • 0017687791 scopus 로고
    • [Resistance to streptogramin antibiotics in “Staphylococcus aureus” (author’s transl)]
    • Dublanchet A, Soussy CJ, Squinazi F, Duval J: [Resistance to streptogramin antibiotics in “Staphylococcus aureus” (author’s transl)]. Ann Microbiol (Paris) 1977, 128A:277-287.
    • (1977) Ann Microbiol (Paris) , vol.128 A , pp. 277-287
    • Dublanchet, A.1    Soussy, C.J.2    Squinazi, F.3    Duval, J.4
  • 256
    • 0027374570 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the satA gene encoding a streptogramin A acetyltransferase in Enterococcus faecium BM4145
    • Rende-Fournier R, Leclercq R, Galimand M, Duval J, Courvalin P: Identification of the satA gene encoding a streptogramin A acetyltransferase in Enterococcus faecium BM4145. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993, 37:2119-2125.
    • (1993) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.37 , pp. 2119-2125
    • Rende-Fournier, R.1    Leclercq, R.2    Galimand, M.3    Duval, J.4    Courvalin, P.5
  • 257
    • 0032959189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins among staphylococci
    • Lina G, Quaglia A, Reverdy ME, Leclercq R, Vandenesch F, Etienne J: Distribution of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins among staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999, 43:1062-1066.
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 1062-1066
    • Lina, G.1    Quaglia, A.2    Reverdy, M.E.3    Leclercq, R.4    Vandenesch, F.5    Etienne, J.6
  • 258
    • 0027371918 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of pristinamycin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates responsible for an outbreak in a Parisian hospital
    • Loncle V, Casetta A, Buu-Hoi A, El SN: Analysis of pristinamycin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates responsible for an outbreak in a Parisian hospital. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993, 37:2159-2165.
    • (1993) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.37 , pp. 2159-2165
    • Loncle, V.1    Casetta, A.2    Buu-Hoi, A.3    El, S.N.4
  • 259
    • 0034798333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant, quinupristindalfopristin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced sensitivity to glycopeptides
    • Werner G, Cuny C, Schmitz FJ, Witte W: Methicillin-resistant, quinupristindalfopristin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced sensitivity to glycopeptides. J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39:3586-3590.
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 3586-3590
    • Werner, G.1    Cuny, C.2    Schmitz, F.J.3    Witte, W.4
  • 260
    • 0032211890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of the satA gene and transferability of virginiamycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium from food-animals
    • Hammerum AM, Jensen LB, Aarestrup FM: Detection of the satA gene and transferability of virginiamycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium from food-animals. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998, 168:145-151.
    • (1998) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.168 , pp. 145-151
    • Hammerum, A.M.1    Jensen, L.B.2    Aarestrup, F.M.3
  • 262
    • 0033769142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage of determinants for streptogramin A, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, and chloramphenicol resistance on a conjugative plasmid in Enterococcus faecium and dissemination of this cluster among streptogramin-resistant enterococci
    • Werner G, Hildebrandt B, Klare I, Witte W: Linkage of determinants for streptogramin A, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, and chloramphenicol resistance on a conjugative plasmid in Enterococcus faecium and dissemination of this cluster among streptogramin-resistant enterococci. Int J Med Microbiol 2000, 290:543-548.
    • (2000) Int J Med Microbiol , vol.290 , pp. 543-548
    • Werner, G.1    Hildebrandt, B.2    Klare, I.3    Witte, W.4
  • 263
    • 0034015301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance in pig faecal samples from the Netherlands (five abattoirs) and Sweden
    • Van Den Bogaard AE, London N, Stobberingh EE: Antimicrobial resistance in pig faecal samples from the Netherlands (five abattoirs) and Sweden. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000, 45:663-671.
    • (2000) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 663-671
    • Van Den Bogaard, A.E.1    London, N.2    Stobberingh, E.E.3
  • 264
    • 0031757037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of satA and vgb genes in streptogramin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates of animal and human origins in the Netherlands
    • Jensen LB, Hammerum AM, Aerestrup FM, Van Den Bogaard AE, Stobberingh EE: Occurrence of satA and vgb genes in streptogramin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates of animal and human origins in the Netherlands. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998, 42:3330-3331.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 3330-3331
    • Jensen, L.B.1    Hammerum, A.M.2    Aerestrup, F.M.3    Van Den Bogaard, A.E.4    Stobberingh, E.E.5
  • 265
    • 0033988230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El SN: SatG, conferring resistance to streptogramin A, is widely distributed in Enterococcus faecium strains but not in staphylococci
    • Haroche J, Allignet J, Aubert S, Van Den Bogaard AE, El SN: satG, conferring resistance to streptogramin A, is widely distributed in Enterococcus faecium strains but not in staphylococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000, 44:190-191.
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 190-191
    • Haroche, J.1    Allignet, J.2    Aubert, S.3    Van Den Bogaard, A.E.4
  • 266
    • 0032824889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of staphylococcal plasmids carrying three streptogramin-resistance genes: Vat-vgb-vga
    • Allignet J, El SN: Comparative analysis of staphylococcal plasmids carrying three streptogramin-resistance genes: vat-vgb-vga. Plasmid 1999, 42:134-138.
    • (1999) Plasmid , vol.42 , pp. 134-138
    • Allignet, J.1    El, S.N.2
  • 267
    • 0033968238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin among isolates of Enterococcus faecium from animals, raw meat, and hospital patients in Western Europe
    • Soltani M, Beighton D, Philpott-Howard J, Woodford N: Mechanisms of resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin among isolates of Enterococcus faecium from animals, raw meat, and hospital patients in Western Europe. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000, 44:433-436.
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 433-436
    • Soltani, M.1    Beighton, D.2    Philpott-Howard, J.3    Woodford, N.4
  • 269
    • 13244295431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of streptogramin resistance determinants among Enterococcus faecium from a poultry production environment of the USA
    • Hayes JR, Wagner DD, English LL, Carr LE, Joseph SW: Distribution of streptogramin resistance determinants among Enterococcus faecium from a poultry production environment of the USA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005, 55:123-126.
    • (2005) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.55 , pp. 123-126
    • Hayes, J.R.1    Wagner, D.D.2    English, L.L.3    Carr, L.E.4    Joseph, S.W.5
  • 270
    • 8144222970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple-antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from commercial poultry production environments
    • Hayes JR, English LL, Carr LE, Wagner DD, Joseph SW: Multiple-antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from commercial poultry production environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004, 70:6005-6011.
    • (2004) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.70 , pp. 6005-6011
    • Hayes, J.R.1    English, L.L.2    Carr, L.E.3    Wagner, D.D.4    Joseph, S.W.5
  • 272
    • 0036919940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes among Enterococcus isolates recovered from retail meats in the Greater Washington DC area
    • Simjee S, White DG, Meng J, Wagner DD, Qaiyumi S, Zhao S, Hayes JR, McDermott PF: Prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes among Enterococcus isolates recovered from retail meats in the Greater Washington DC area. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002, 50:877-882.
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 877-882
    • Simjee, S.1    White, D.G.2    Meng, J.3    Wagner, D.D.4    Qaiyumi, S.5    Zhao, S.6    Hayes, J.R.7    McDermott, P.F.8
  • 275
    • 77952885391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of streptogramin resistance genes and genetic relatedness among quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium recovered from pigs and chickens in Korea
    • Hwang IY, Ku HO, Lim SK, Lee KJ, Park CK, Jung GS, Jung SC, Park YH, Nam HM: Distribution of streptogramin resistance genes and genetic relatedness among quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium recovered from pigs and chickens in Korea. Res Vet Sci 2010, 89:1-4.
    • (2010) Res Vet Sci , vol.89 , pp. 1-4
    • Hwang, I.Y.1    Ku, H.O.2    Lim, S.K.3    Lee, K.J.4    Park, C.K.5    Jung, G.S.6    Jung, S.C.7    Park, Y.H.8    Nam, H.M.9
  • 279
    • 0033942830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage of vat(E) and erm(B) in streptogamin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from Europe
    • Jensen LB, Hammerum AM, Aarestrup FM: Linkage of vat(E) and erm(B) in streptogamin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from Europe. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000, 44:2231-2232.
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 2231-2232
    • Jensen, L.B.1    Hammerum, A.M.2    Aarestrup, F.M.3
  • 280
    • 0034769839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indication of transposition of a mobile DNA element containing the vat(D) and erm(B) genes in Enterococcus faecium
    • Hammerum AM, Flannagan SE, Clewell DB, Jensen LB: Indication of transposition of a mobile DNA element containing the vat(D) and erm(B) genes in Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001, 45:3223-3225.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 3223-3225
    • Hammerum, A.M.1    Flannagan, S.E.2    Clewell, D.B.3    Jensen, L.B.4
  • 281
    • 0001041999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizontal transfer of the satA gene encoding streptogramin A resistance between isogenic Enterococcus faecium strains in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic rats
    • Jacobsen BL, Skou M, Hammerum AM, Jensen LB: Horizontal transfer of the satA gene encoding streptogramin A resistance between isogenic Enterococcus faecium strains in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic rats. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 1999, 11:241-247.
    • (1999) Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease , vol.11 , pp. 241-247
    • Jacobsen, B.L.1    Skou, M.2    Hammerum, A.M.3    Jensen, L.B.4
  • 283
    • 41049116488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of CC17 Enterococcus faecium: From commensal to hospital-adapted pathogen
    • Top J, Willems R, Bonten M: Emergence of CC17 Enterococcus faecium: from commensal to hospital-adapted pathogen. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2008, 52:297-308.
    • (2008) FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol , vol.52 , pp. 297-308
    • Top, J.1    Willems, R.2    Bonten, M.3
  • 286
    • 0037076032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial spread of linezolid-resistant, vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium
    • Herrero IA, Issa NC, Patel R: Nosocomial spread of linezolid-resistant, vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium. N Engl J Med 2002, 346:867-869.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 867-869
    • Herrero, I.A.1    Issa, N.C.2    Patel, R.3
  • 287
    • 33748774701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial spread of Enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin and linezolid in a tertiary care medical center
    • Dobbs TE, Patel M, Waites KB, Moser SA, Stamm AM, Hoesley CJ: Nosocomial spread of Enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin and linezolid in a tertiary care medical center. J Clin Microbiol 2006, 44:3368-3370.
    • (2006) J Clin Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 3368-3370
    • Dobbs, T.E.1    Patel, M.2    Waites, K.B.3    Moser, S.A.4    Stamm, A.M.5    Hoesley, C.J.6
  • 288
    • 20744437638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in linezolid susceptibility patterns: Report from the 2002-2003 worldwide Zyvox Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum (ZAAPS) Program
    • Anderegg TR, Sader HS, Fritsche TR, Ross JE, Jones RN: Trends in linezolid susceptibility patterns: report from the 2002-2003 worldwide Zyvox Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum (ZAAPS) Program. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005, 26:13-21.
    • (2005) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.26 , pp. 13-21
    • Anderegg, T.R.1    Sader, H.S.2    Fritsche, T.R.3    Ross, J.E.4    Jones, R.N.5
  • 289
    • 18844432844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in linezolid susceptibility patterns in 2002: Report from the worldwide Zyvox Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum Program
    • Ross JE, Anderegg TR, Sader HS, Fritsche TR, Jones RN: Trends in linezolid susceptibility patterns in 2002: report from the worldwide Zyvox Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum Program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005, 52:53-58.
    • (2005) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. 53-58
    • Ross, J.E.1    Anderegg, T.R.2    Sader, H.S.3    Fritsche, T.R.4    Jones, R.N.5
  • 290
    • 78649257772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of linezolid activity in an era of mobile oxazolidinone resistance determinants: Results from the 2009 Zyvox(R) Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum program
    • Biedenbach DJ, Farrell DJ, Mendes RE, Ross JE, Jones RN: Stability of linezolid activity in an era of mobile oxazolidinone resistance determinants: results from the 2009 Zyvox(R) Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2010, 68:459-467.
    • (2010) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.68 , pp. 459-467
    • Biedenbach, D.J.1    Farrell, D.J.2    Mendes, R.E.3    Ross, J.E.4    Jones, R.N.5
  • 292
    • 0035884894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and spread of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents: An overview
    • Tenover FC: Development and spread of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 2001, 33 Suppl 3:S108-S115.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. S108-S115
    • Tenover, F.C.1
  • 293
    • 78650084538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of erm(B)-and mef(E)-mediated erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in China and complete DNA sequence of Tn2010
    • Li Y, Tomita H, Lv Y, Liu J, Xue F, Zheng B, Ike Y: Molecular characterization of erm(B)-and mef(E)-mediated erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in China and complete DNA sequence of Tn2010. J Appl Microbiol 2011, 110:254-265.
    • (2011) J Appl Microbiol , vol.110 , pp. 254-265
    • Li, Y.1    Tomita, H.2    Lv, Y.3    Liu, J.4    Xue, F.5    Zheng, B.6    Ike, Y.7
  • 294
    • 0036921935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE) in broiler houses after the avoparcin ban
    • Heuer OE, Pedersen K, Jensen LB, Madsen M, Olsen JE: Persistence of vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE) in broiler houses after the avoparcin ban. Microb Drug Resist 2002, 8:355-361.
    • (2002) Microb Drug Resist , vol.8 , pp. 355-361
    • Heuer, O.E.1    Pedersen, K.2    Jensen, L.B.3    Madsen, M.4    Olsen, J.E.5
  • 295
    • 66249107057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transferable 20-kilobase multiple drug resistance-conferring R plasmid (pKL0018) from a fish pathogen (Lactococcus garvieae) is highly homologous to a conjugative multiple drug resistance-conferring enterococcal plasmid
    • Maki T, Santos MD, Kondo H, Hirono I, Aoki T: A transferable 20-kilobase multiple drug resistance-conferring R plasmid (pKL0018) from a fish pathogen (Lactococcus garvieae) is highly homologous to a conjugative multiple drug resistance-conferring enterococcal plasmid. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009, 75:3370-3372.
    • (2009) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.75 , pp. 3370-3372
    • Maki, T.1    Santos, M.D.2    Kondo, H.3    Hirono, I.4    Aoki, T.5
  • 296
    • 34848844302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of tetracycline resistance in Enterococcus isolates from broilers carrying the erm(B) gene
    • Cauwerts K, Decostere A, De Graef EM, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F: High prevalence of tetracycline resistance in Enterococcus isolates from broilers carrying the erm(B) gene. Avian Pathol 2007, 36:395-399.
    • (2007) Avian Pathol , vol.36 , pp. 395-399
    • Cauwerts, K.1    Decostere, A.2    De Graef, E.M.3    Haesebrouck, F.4    Pasmans, F.5
  • 297
    • 70349907710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetracycline in liquid manure selects for co-occurrence of the resistance genes tet(M) and tet(L) in Enterococcus faecalis
    • Schwaiger K, Harms K, Holzel C, Meyer K, Karl M, Bauer J: Tetracycline in liquid manure selects for co-occurrence of the resistance genes tet(M) and tet(L) in Enterococcus faecalis. Vet Microbiol 2009, 139:386-392.
    • (2009) Vet Microbiol , vol.139 , pp. 386-392
    • Schwaiger, K.1    Harms, K.2    Holzel, C.3    Meyer, K.4    Karl, M.5    Bauer, J.6
  • 299
    • 0027406367 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from different continents
    • Woodford N, Morrison D, Cookson B, George RC: Comparison of high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from different continents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993, 37:681-684.
    • (1993) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.37 , pp. 681-684
    • Woodford, N.1    Morrison, D.2    Cookson, B.3    George, R.C.4
  • 301
    • 4143099218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic relatedness of Enterococcus faecalis isolates with high-level gentamicin resistance from patients with bacteraemia in the south east of Sweden 1994-2001
    • Saeedi B, Hallgren A, Isaksson B, Jonasson J, Nilsson LE, Hanberger H: Genetic relatedness of Enterococcus faecalis isolates with high-level gentamicin resistance from patients with bacteraemia in the south east of Sweden 1994-2001. Scand J Infect Dis 2004, 36:405-409.
    • (2004) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 405-409
    • Saeedi, B.1    Hallgren, A.2    Isaksson, B.3    Jonasson, J.4    Nilsson, L.E.5    Hanberger, H.6
  • 302
    • 0034057437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature of transposon-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolated in the United Kingdom
    • Simjee S, Manzoor SE, Fraise AP, Gill MJ: Nature of transposon-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolated in the United Kingdom. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000, 45:565-575.
    • (2000) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 565-575
    • Simjee, S.1    Manzoor, S.E.2    Fraise, A.P.3    Gill, M.J.4
  • 303
    • 31344445630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypic diversity and epidemiology of high-level gentamicin resistant Enterococcus in a Chinese hospital
    • Qu TT, Chen YG, Yu YS, Wei ZQ, Zhou ZH, Li LJ: Genotypic diversity and epidemiology of high-level gentamicin resistant Enterococcus in a Chinese hospital. J Infect 2006, 52:124-130.
    • (2006) J Infect , vol.52 , pp. 124-130
    • Qu, T.T.1    Chen, Y.G.2    Yu, Y.S.3    Wei, Z.Q.4    Zhou, Z.H.5    Li, L.J.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.