PCR-based plasmid typing in Enterococcus faecium strains reveals widely distributed pRE25-, pRUM-, pIP501- and pHTβ-related replicons associated with glycopeptide resistance and stabilizing toxin-antitoxin systems

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

Volumn 58, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 254-268

  Rosvoll, Torill C S ^a   Pedersen, Torunn ^b   Sletvold, Hege ^a   Johnsen, Pål J ^a   Sollid, Johanna E ^a   Simonsen, Gunnar S ^a,b,c   Jensen, Lars B ^d   Nielsen, Kaare M ^b,e   Sundsfjord, Arnfinn ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF NORTH NORWAY   (Norway)

^c NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Norway)

^d TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^e University of Tromsö   (Norway)

Author keywords

Enterococcus faecium; Plasmid typing; Toxin antitoxin

Indexed keywords

ANTITOXIN; GLYCOPEPTIDE; NUCLEASE S1; TOXIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; BACTERIAL TOXIN; LIGASE; VANA LIGASE, BACTERIA;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM; GENETIC LINKAGE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HYBRIDIZATION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OPERON; PHYLOGENY; PLASMID; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPLICON; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; ANIMAL; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; DNA SEQUENCE; GENETICS; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; POULTRY; PROCEDURES;

ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTITOXINS; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BACTERIAL TOXINS; BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; CARBON-OXYGEN LIGASES; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; GENOTYPE; GLYCOPEPTIDES; HUMANS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; PLASMIDS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POULTRY; REPLICON; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA;

EID: 76349105479     PISSN: 09288244     EISSN: 1574695X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00633.x     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Abajy MY, Kopec J, Schiwon K, Burzynski M, Doring M, Bohn C Grohmann E (2007) A type IV-secretion-like system is required for conjugative DNA transport of broad-host-range plasmid pIP501 in gram-positive bacteria. J Bacteriol 189 : 2487 2496.
2. Arduino RC, Murray BE Rakita RM (1994) Roles of antibodies and complement in phagocytic killing of enterococci. Infect Immun 62 : 987 993.
3. Barton BM, Harding GP Zuccarelli AJ (1995) A general method for detecting and sizing large plasmids. Anal Biochem 226 : 235 240.
4. Biavasco F, Foglia G, Paoletti C et al 2007) VanA-type enterococci from humans, animals, and food: species distribution, population structure, Tn1546 typing and location, and virulence determinants. Appl Environ Microb 73 : 3307 3319.
5. Brantl S, Nuez B Behnke D (1992) In vitro and in vivo analysis of transcription within the replication region of plasmid pIP501. Mol Gen Genet 234 : 105 112.
6. Carattoli A, Bertini A, Villa L, Falbo V, Hopkins KL Threlfall EJ (2005) Identification of plasmids by PCR-based replicon typing. J Microbiol Meth 63 : 219 228.
7. Carattoli A, Miriagou V, Bertini A et al 2006) Replicon typing of plasmids encoding resistance to newer beta-lactams. Emerg Infect Dis 12 : 1145 1148.
8. Carias LL, Rudin SD, Donskey CJ Rice LB (1998) Genetic linkage and cotransfer of a novel, vanB-containing transposon (Tn5382) and a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein 5 gene in a clinical vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate. J Bacteriol 180 : 4426 4434.
9. Ceglowski P, Boitsov A, Chai S Alonso JC (1993) Analysis of the stabilization system of pSM19035-derived plasmid pBT233 in Bacillus subtilis. Gene 136 : 1 12. (Pubitemid 24049216)
10. Clewell DB, An FY, White BA Gawron-Burke C (1985) Streptococcus faecalis sex pheromone (cAM373) also produced by Staphylococcus aureus and identification of a conjugative transposon (Tn918). J Bacteriol 162 : 1212 1220.
11. Courvalin P (2006) Vancomycin resistance in gram-positive cocci. Clin Infect Dis 42 (suppl 1) : S25 S34.
12. Couturier M, Bex F, Bergquist PL Maas WK (1988) Identification and classification of bacterial plasmids. Microbiol Rev 52 : 375 395.
13. Dahl KH, Simonsen GS, Olsvik O Sundsfjord A (1999) Heterogeneity in the vanB gene cluster of genomically diverse clinical strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Ch 43 : 1105 1110.
14. Dahl KH, Rokenes TP, Lundblad EW Sundsfjord A (2003) Nonconjugative transposition of the vanB-containing Tn5382-like element in Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Ch 47 : 786 789.
15. Dahl KH, Mater DD, Flores MJ, Johnsen PJ, Midtvedt T, Corthier G Sundsfjord A (2007) Transfer of plasmid and chromosomal glycopeptide resistance determinants occurs more readily in the digestive tract of mice than in vitro and exconjugants can persist stably in vivo in the absence of glycopeptide selection. J Antimicrob Chemoth 59 : 478 486.
16. De Boever EH, Clewell DB Fraser CM (2000) Enterococcus faecalis conjugative plasmid pAM373: complete nucleotide sequence and genetic analyses of sex pheromone response. Mol Microbiol 37 : 1327 1341.
17. Ehricht R, Hotzel H, Sachse K Slickers P (2007) Residual DNA in thermostable DNA polymerases - a cause of irritation in diagnostic PCR and microarray assays. Biologicals 35 : 145 147.
18. Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39 : 783 791.
19. Francia MV Clewell DB (2002) Amplification of the tetracycline resistance determinant of pAMalpha1 in Enterococcus faecalis requires a site-specific recombination event involving relaxase. J Bacteriol 184 : 5187 5193.
20. Francia MV, Varsaki A, Garcillan-Barcia MP, Latorre A, Drainas C de la Cruz F (2004) A classification scheme for mobilization regions of bacterial plasmids. FEMS Microbiol Rev 28 : 79 100.
21. Garcia-Migura L, Liebana E Jensen LB (2007) Transposon characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) and dissemination of resistance associated with transferable plasmids. J Antimicrob Chemoth 60 : 263 268.
22. Gotz A, Pukall R, Smit E et al 1996) Detection and characterization of broad-host-range plasmids in environmental bacteria by PCR. Appl Environ Microb 62 : 2621 2628.
23. Grady R Hayes F (2003) Axe-Txe, a broad-spectrum proteic toxin-antitoxin system specified by a multidrug-resistant, clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecium. Mol Microbiol 47 : 1419 1432.
24. Haarr E, Simonsen GS, Olsvik O, Sundsfjord A, Harbo K Natas OB (1998) First infection with vancomycin resistant type VanA enterococci in a Norwegian hospital. Tidsskr Norske Laege 118 : 1188 1190. (Pubitemid 28173108)
25. Hancock LE Gilmore MS (2006) Patogenicity of enterococci. Gram-Positive Pathogens (Fischetti VA, Novick RP, Ferretti JJ, Portnoy DA Rood JI, eds), pp. 299 310. ASM press, Washington DC.
26. Hirt H, Manias DA, Bryan EM et al 2005) Characterization of the pheromone response of the Enterococcus faecalis conjugative plasmid pCF10: complete sequence and comparative analysis of the transcriptional and phenotypic responses of pCF10-containing cells to pheromone induction. J Bacteriol 187 : 1044 1054.
27. Hopkins KL, Liebana E, Villa L, Batchelor M, Threlfall EJ Carattoli A (2006) Replicon typing of plasmids carrying CTX-M or CMY beta-lactamases circulating among Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates. Antimicrob Agents Ch 50 : 3203 3206.
28. Horodniceanu T, Bouanchaud DH, Bieth G Chabbert YA (1976) R plasmids in Streptococcus agalactiae (group B). Antimicrob Agents Ch 10 : 795 801.
29. Ike Y, Tanimoto K, Tomita H, Takeuchi K Fujimoto S (1998) Efficient transfer of the pheromone-independent Enterococcus faecium plasmid pMG1 (Gmr) (65.1 kilobases) to Enterococcus strains during broth mating. J Bacteriol 180 : 4886 4892.
30. Johnsen PJ, Osterhus JI, Sletvold H et al 2005) Persistence of animal and human glycopeptide-resistant enterococci on two Norwegian poultry farms formerly exposed to avoparcin is associated with a widespread plasmid-mediated vanA element within a polyclonal enterococcus faecium population. Appl Environ Microb 71 : 159 168.
31. Jukes TH Cantor CR (1969) Evolution of protein molecules. Mammalian Protein Metabolism (Munro HN, ed), pp. 21 132. Academic Press, New York.
32. Kak V Chow JW (2002) Acquire antibiotic resistance in Enterococci. The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance (Gilmore MS, ed), pp. 355 383. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
33. Leavis HL, Willems RJ, van Wamel WJ, Schuren FH, Caspers MP Bonten MJ (2007) Insertion sequence-driven diversification creates a globally dispersed emerging multiresistant subspecies of E. faecium. PLoS Pathog 3 : e7.
34. Leclercq R, Derlot E, Duval J Courvalin P (1988) Plasmid-mediated resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium. New Engl J Med 319 : 157 161.
35. Magi G, Capretti R, Paoletti C et al 2003) Presence of a vanA-carrying pheromone response plasmid (pBRG1) in a clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Ch 47 : 1571 1576.
36. Martinez-Bueno M, Valdivia E, Galvez A Maqueda M (2000) pS86, a new theta-replicating plasmid from Enterococcus faecalis. Curr Microbiol 41 : 257 261.
37. 2 complex formation. P Natl Acad Sci USA 100 : 1661 1666.
38. Moritz EM Hergenrother PJ (2007) Toxin-antitoxin systems are ubiquitous and plasmid-encoded in vancomycin-resistant enterococci. P Natl Acad Sci USA 104 : 311 316.
39. Ozawa Y, De Boever EH Clewell DB (2005) Enterococcus faecalis sex pheromone plasmid pAM373: analyses of TraA and evidence for its interaction with RpoB. Plasmid 54 : 57 69.
40. Paulsen IT, Banerjei L, Myers GS et al 2003) Role of mobile DNA in the evolution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Science 299 : 2071 2074.
41. Rice LB, Carias LL, Donskey CL Rudin SD (1998) Transferable, plasmid-mediated vanB-type glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Ch 42 : 963 964.
42. Saitou N Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4 : 406 425.
43. Schwarz FV, Perreten V Teuber M (2001) Sequence of the 50-kb conjugative multiresistance plasmid pRE25 from Enterococcus faecalis RE25. Plasmid 46 : 170 187.
44. Simonsen GS, Haaheim H, Dahl KH, Kruse H, Lovseth A, Olsvik O Sundsfjord A (1998) Transmission of VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci and vanA resistance elements between chicken and humans at avoparcin-exposed farms. Microb Drug Resist 4 : 313 318.
45. Simonsen GS, Smabrekke L, Monnet DL et al 2003) Prevalence of resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin and vancomycin in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from clinical specimens and use of antimicrobials in five Nordic hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemoth 51 : 323 331.
46. Sletvold H, Johnsen PJ, Simonsen GS, Aasnaes B, Sundsfjord A Nielsen KM (2007) Comparative DNA analysis of two vanA plasmids from Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from poultry and a poultry farmer in Norway. Antimicrob Agents Ch 51 : 736 739.
47. Sletvold H, Johnsen PJ, Hamre I, Simonsen GS, Sundsfjord A Nielsen KM (2008) Complete sequence of Enterococcus faecium pVEF3 and the detection of an omega-epsilon-zeta toxin-antitoxin module and an ABC transporter. Plasmid 60 : 75 85.
48. Sorum M, Johnsen PJ, Aasnes B, Rosvoll T, Kruse H, Sundsfjord A Simonsen GS (2006) Prevalence, persistence, and molecular characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci in Norwegian poultry and poultry farmers 3 to 8 years after the ban on avoparcin. Appl Environ Microb 72 : 516 521.
49. Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24 : 1596 1599.
50. Teuber M, Schwarz F Perreten V (2003) Molecular structure and evolution of the conjugative multiresistance plasmid pRE25 of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from a raw-fermented sausage. Int J Food Microbiol 88 : 325 329.
51. Thompson JD, Higgins DG Gibson TJ (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22 : 4673 4680.
52. Thompson JK Collins MA (2003) Completed sequence of plasmid pIP501 and origin of spontaneous deletion derivatives. Plasmid 50 : 28 35.
53. Tomita H Ike Y (2005) Genetic analysis of transfer-related regions of the vancomycin resistance Enterococcus conjugative plasmid pHTbeta: identification of oriT and a putative relaxase gene. J Bacteriol 187 : 7727 7737.
54. Torell E, Fredlund H, Tornquist E, Myhre EB, Sjoberg L Sundsfjord A (1997) Intrahospital spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 29 : 259 263.
55. Torfoss D, Aukrust P, Brinch L, Mathiesen O, Simonsen GS, Axelsen AK Gaustad P (1999) Carrier rate of resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital in Norway. APMIS 107 : 545 549.
56. Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA Lane DJ (1991) 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 173 : 697 703.
57. Werner G, Klare I, Spencker FB Witte W (2003) Intra-hospital dissemination of quinupristin/dalfopristin- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a paediatric ward of a German hospital. J Antimicrob Chemoth 52 : 113 115.
58. Willems RJ, Top J, van Santen M et al 2005) Global spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from distinct nosocomial genetic complex. Emerg Infect Dis 11 : 821 828.
59. Wyckoff HA, Barnes M, Gillies KO Sandine WE (1996) Characterization and sequence analysis of a stable cryptic plasmid from Enterococcus faecium 226 and development of a stable cloning vector. Appl Environ Microb 62 : 1481 1486.
60. Zhu W, Clark NC, McDougal LK, Hageman J, McDonald LC Patel JB (2008) Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with Inc18-like vanA plasmids in Michigan. Antimicrob Agents Ch 52 : 452 457.
61. Zielenkiewicz U Ceglowski P (2005) The toxin-antitoxin system of the streptococcal plasmid pSM19035. J Bacteriol 187 : 6094 6105.