메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 216-228

Obesity and the Endocannabinoid System: Is There Still a Future for CB1 Antagonists in Obesity?

Author keywords

Anandamide; Appetite; Cannabinoid receptors; Diabetes; Endocannabinoids; Obesity; Therapy

Indexed keywords

1 (2,4 DICHLOROPHENYL) 5 (4 IODOPHENYL) 4 METHYL N (1 PIPERIDYL) 1H PYRAZOLE 3 CARBOXAMIDE; 2 ARACHIDONOYLGLYCEROL; AM6545; ANANDAMIDE; ANTIOBESITY AGENT; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; CHOLECYSTOKININ; CHOLECYSTOKININ RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR; ENDOCANNABINOID; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; FATTY ACID AMIDASE; GHRELIN; GLUCAGON; INSULIN; JD 5006; LEPTIN; LH 21; MORPHINE; N OLEOYLETHANOLAMINE; NALOXONE; OREXIN; OREXIN 1 RECEPTOR; OREXIN A; RIMONABANT; SIBUTRAMINE; SNAP 94847; SURINABANT; TETRAHYDROLIPSTATIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; URB447;

EID: 84875230354     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21624968     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-012-0031-x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (11)

References (138)
  • 1
    • 78650120798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: beyond CB1 and CB2
    • The most recent consensus on the identification, description, nomenclature and properties of cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands
    • • Pertwee RG, Howlett AC, Abood ME, et al. International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: beyond CB1 and CB2. Pharmacol Rev. 2010;62(4): 588-631. The most recent consensus on the identification, description, nomenclature and properties of cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands.
    • (2010) Pharmacol Rev , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 588-631
    • Pertwee, R.G.1    Howlett, A.C.2    Abood, M.E.3
  • 2
    • 0027078685 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor
    • Devane WA, Hanus L, Breuer A, et al. Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science. 1992;258(5090): 1946-9.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , Issue.5090 , pp. 1946-1949
    • Devane, W.A.1    Hanus, L.2    Breuer, A.3
  • 3
    • 0029012014 scopus 로고
    • Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors
    • Mechoulam R, Ben-Shabat S, Hanus L, et al. Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995;50(1): 83-90.
    • (1995) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-90
    • Mechoulam, R.1    Ben-Shabat, S.2    Hanus, L.3
  • 4
    • 0028970517 scopus 로고
    • 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain
    • Sugiura T, Kondo S, Sukagawa A, et al. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995;215(1): 89-97.
    • (1995) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.215 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-97
    • Sugiura, T.1    Kondo, S.2    Sukagawa, A.3
  • 5
    • 0034928628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoids acting at vascular CB1 receptors mediate the vasodilated state in advanced liver cirrhosis
    • Batkai S, Jarai Z, Wagner JA, et al. Endocannabinoids acting at vascular CB1 receptors mediate the vasodilated state in advanced liver cirrhosis. Nat Med. 2001;7(7): 827-32.
    • (2001) Nat Med , vol.7 , Issue.7 , pp. 827-832
    • Batkai, S.1    Jarai, Z.2    Wagner, J.A.3
  • 6
    • 0025954862 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study
    • Herkenham M, Lynn AB, Johnson MR, et al. Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study. J Neurosci. 1991;11(2): 563-83.
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 563-583
    • Herkenham, M.1    Lynn, A.B.2    Johnson, M.R.3
  • 8
    • 0025106309 scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid receptor: biochemical, anatomical and behavioral characterization
    • Howlett AC, Bidaut-Russell M, Devane WA, et al. The cannabinoid receptor: biochemical, anatomical and behavioral characterization. Trends Neurosci. 1990;13(10): 420-3.
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 420-423
    • Howlett, A.C.1    Bidaut-Russell, M.2    Devane, W.A.3
  • 9
    • 33749544716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of the presence and functional expression of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in brain
    • Onaivi ES, Ishiguro H, Gong JP, et al. Discovery of the presence and functional expression of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1074: 514-36.
    • (2006) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1074 , pp. 514-536
    • Onaivi, E.S.1    Ishiguro, H.2    Gong, J.P.3
  • 10
    • 0027515373 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids
    • Munro S, Thomas KL, Abu-Shaar M. Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. Nature. 1993;365(6441): 61-5.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , Issue.6441 , pp. 61-65
    • Munro, S.1    Thomas, K.L.2    Abu-Shaar, M.3
  • 11
    • 69549130581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptors for acylethanolamides-GPR55 and GPR119
    • Notes
    • • Godlewski G, Offertaler L, Wagner JA, et al. Receptors for acylethanolamides-GPR55 and GPR119. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2009;89(3-4): 105-11. Two new orphan receptors as targets of endogenous lipid transmitters related to the endogenous cannabinoid system. While Lysophosphatidyl inositol activates GPR55, oeloylethanolamide is proposed to be the endogenous ligand of GPR119. Both are relevant targets in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
    • (2009) Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat , vol.89 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 105-111
    • Godlewski, G.1    Offertaler, L.2    Wagner, J.A.3
  • 12
    • 1242294480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of a phospholipase D generating anandamide and its congeners
    • Okamoto Y, Morishita J, Tsuboi K, et al. Molecular characterization of a phospholipase D generating anandamide and its congeners. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(7): 5298-305.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , Issue.7 , pp. 5298-5305
    • Okamoto, Y.1    Morishita, J.2    Tsuboi, K.3
  • 13
    • 0030870722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation
    • Stella N, Schweitzer P, Piomelli D. A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation. Nature. 1997;388(6644): 773-8.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , Issue.6644 , pp. 773-778
    • Stella, N.1    Schweitzer, P.2    Piomelli, D.3
  • 14
    • 0029904838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of an enzyme that degrades neuromodulatory fatty-acid amides
    • Cravatt BF, Giang DK, Mayfield SP, et al. Molecular characterization of an enzyme that degrades neuromodulatory fatty-acid amides. Nature. 1996;384(6604): 83-7.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.384 , Issue.6604 , pp. 83-87
    • Cravatt, B.F.1    Giang, D.K.2    Mayfield, S.P.3
  • 15
    • 0036678094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation
    • Dinh TP, Carpenter D, Leslie FM, et al. Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(16): 10819-24.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.99 , Issue.16 , pp. 10819-10824
    • Dinh, T.P.1    Carpenter, D.2    Leslie, F.M.3
  • 16
    • 77957944897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymological studies on the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamines
    • Ueda N, Tsuboi K, Uyama T. Enzymological studies on the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamines. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1801(12): 1274-85.
    • (2010) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1801 , Issue.12 , pp. 1274-1285
    • Ueda, N.1    Tsuboi, K.2    Uyama, T.3
  • 17
    • 70149125201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative colitis induces changes on the expression of the endocannabinoid system in the human colonic tissue
    • Marquez L, Suarez J, Iglesias M, et al. Ulcerative colitis induces changes on the expression of the endocannabinoid system in the human colonic tissue. PLoS One. 2009;4(9): e6893.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4 , Issue.9
    • Marquez, L.1    Suarez, J.2    Iglesias, M.3
  • 18
    • 20944436157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid activation at hepatic CB1 receptors stimulates fatty acid synthesis and contributes to diet-induced obesity
    • Osei-Hyiaman D, DePetrillo M, Pacher P, et al. Endocannabinoid activation at hepatic CB1 receptors stimulates fatty acid synthesis and contributes to diet-induced obesity. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(5): 1298-305.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , Issue.5 , pp. 1298-1305
    • Osei-Hyiaman, D.1    DePetrillo, M.2    Pacher, P.3
  • 19
    • 79551469144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the cannabinoid system in muscle: effects of a high-fat diet and CB1 receptor blockade
    • The endogenous cannabinoid system is in the muscle. This paper describes its presence and the impact of caloric diets on its expression and fucntion
    • • Crespillo A, Suarez J, Bermudez-Silva FJ, et al. Expression of the cannabinoid system in muscle: effects of a high-fat diet and CB1 receptor blockade. Biochem J. 2011;433(1): 175-85. The endogenous cannabinoid system is in the muscle. This paper describes its presence and the impact of caloric diets on its expression and fucntion.
    • (2011) Biochem J , vol.433 , Issue.1 , pp. 175-185
    • Crespillo, A.1    Suarez, J.2    Bermudez-Silva, F.J.3
  • 20
    • 39049091518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of functional cannabinoid receptors in human endocrine pancreas
    • Bermudez-Silva FJ, Suarez J, Baixeras E, et al. Presence of functional cannabinoid receptors in human endocrine pancreas. Diabetologia. 2008;51(3): 476-87.
    • (2008) Diabetologia , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 476-487
    • Bermudez-Silva, F.J.1    Suarez, J.2    Baixeras, E.3
  • 21
    • 85047690626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis
    • Cota D, Marsicano G, Tschop M, et al. The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis. J Clin Invest. 2003;112(3): 423-31.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , Issue.3 , pp. 423-431
    • Cota, D.1    Marsicano, G.2    Tschop, M.3
  • 22
    • 32444440208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in endocrine regulation and energy balance
    • Pagotto U, Marsicano G, Cota D, et al. The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in endocrine regulation and energy balance. Endocr Rev. 2006;27(1): 73-100.
    • (2006) Endocr Rev , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-100
    • Pagotto, U.1    Marsicano, G.2    Cota, D.3
  • 23
    • 80052035103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy balance regulation by endocannabinoids at central and peripheral levels
    • This review addresses the general role of the ECS in the regulation of energu expenditure, and discuss the contribution of central (CNS) and peripheral (adipose tissue, liver, pancreas) organs
    • • Quarta C, Mazza R, Obici S, et al. Energy balance regulation by endocannabinoids at central and peripheral levels. Trends Mol Med. 2011;17(9): 518-26. This review addresses the general role of the ECS in the regulation of energu expenditure, and discuss the contribution of central (CNS) and peripheral (adipose tissue, liver, pancreas) organs.
    • (2011) Trends Mol Med , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 518-526
    • Quarta, C.1    Mazza, R.2    Obici, S.3
  • 24
    • 42449135761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system in obesity
    • Engeli S. Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system in obesity. J Neuroendocrinol. 2008;20 Suppl 1: 110-5.
    • (2008) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 110-115
    • Engeli, S.1
  • 25
    • 55849117700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CB1 receptor antagonism: biological basis for emtabolic effects
    • Di Marzo V. CB1 receptor antagonism: biological basis for emtabolic effects. Drug Discovery Today. 2008;13(23/24): 1026-41.
    • (2008) Drug Discovery Today , vol.13 , Issue.23-24 , pp. 1026-1041
    • Di Marzo, V.1
  • 26
    • 53949086484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and site-specific brain alterations in CB1 receptor binding in high fat diet-induced obesity in C57Bl/6 mice
    • South T, Huang XF. Temporal and site-specific brain alterations in CB1 receptor binding in high fat diet-induced obesity in C57Bl/6 mice. J Neuroendocrinol. 2008;20(11): 1288-94.
    • (2008) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.20 , Issue.11 , pp. 1288-1294
    • South, T.1    Huang, X.F.2
  • 27
    • 77951777420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in the hippocampal endocannabinoid system in diet-induced obese mice
    • Notes
    • • Massa F, Mancini G, Schmidt H, et al. Alterations in the hippocampal endocannabinoid system in diet-induced obese mice. J Neurosci. 2010;30(18): 6273-81. This paper describes how high fat diet affects the endogenous cannabinoid system in the hippocampus. It clearly establish that nutritional aspects might regulate this system, so a net behavioural contribution can be expects as results of obesity-induced ECS alterations.
    • (2010) J Neurosci , vol.30 , Issue.18 , pp. 6273-6281
    • Massa, F.1    Mancini, G.2    Schmidt, H.3
  • 28
    • 0035848818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake
    • Di Marzo V, Goparaju SK, Wang L, et al. Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake. Nature. 2001;410(6830): 822-5.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , Issue.6830 , pp. 822-825
    • Di Marzo, V.1    Goparaju, S.K.2    Wang, L.3
  • 29
    • 33845522074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysregulation of the peripheral and adipose tissue endocannabinoid system in human abdominal obesity
    • Bluher M, Engeli S, Kloting N, et al. Dysregulation of the peripheral and adipose tissue endocannabinoid system in human abdominal obesity. Diabetes. 2006;55(11): 3053-60.
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , Issue.11 , pp. 3053-3060
    • Bluher, M.1    Engeli, S.2    Kloting, N.3
  • 30
    • 33747644061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation, function, and dysregulation of endocannabinoids in models of adipose and beta-pancreatic cells and in obesity and hyperglycemia
    • Matias I, Gonthier MP, Orlando P, et al. Regulation, function, and dysregulation of endocannabinoids in models of adipose and beta-pancreatic cells and in obesity and hyperglycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(8): 3171-80.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , Issue.8 , pp. 3171-3180
    • Matias, I.1    Gonthier, M.P.2    Orlando, P.3
  • 31
    • 19344363569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide are increased in anorexia nervosa and in binge-eating disorder, but not in bulimia nervosa
    • Monteleone P, Matias I, Martiadis V, et al. Blood levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide are increased in anorexia nervosa and in binge-eating disorder, but not in bulimia nervosa. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30(6): 1216-21.
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 1216-1221
    • Monteleone, P.1    Matias, I.2    Martiadis, V.3
  • 32
    • 84857754496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of reference intervals of five endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid related compounds in human plasma by two dimensional-LC/MS/MS
    • Notes
    • • Fanelli F, Di Lallo VD, Belluomo I, et al. Estimation of reference intervals of five endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid related compounds in human plasma by two dimensional-LC/MS/MS. J Lipid Res. 2012;53(3): 481-93. First general study on the fluctuations of plasma endocannabinoids in general population that also addresses the impact of obesity. This study also analyze the net effect of different biochemical procedures for estimating plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids.
    • (2012) J Lipid Res , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 481-493
    • Fanelli, F.1    Di Lallo, V.D.2    Belluomo, I.3
  • 33
    • 25844460609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the peripheral endocannabinoid system in human obesity
    • Engeli S, Bohnke J, Feldpausch M, et al. Activation of the peripheral endocannabinoid system in human obesity. Diabetes. 2005;54(10): 2838-43.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , Issue.10 , pp. 2838-2843
    • Engeli, S.1    Bohnke, J.2    Feldpausch, M.3
  • 34
    • 17844411014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overweight and obesity associated with a missense polymorphism in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)
    • Sipe JC, Waalen J, Gerber A, et al. Overweight and obesity associated with a missense polymorphism in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29(7): 755-9.
    • (2005) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.29 , Issue.7 , pp. 755-759
    • Sipe, J.C.1    Waalen, J.2    Gerber, A.3
  • 35
    • 35449002089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin differentially modulates the peripheral endocannabinoid system in human subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue from lean and obese individuals
    • Murdolo G, Kempf K, Hammarstedt A, et al. Insulin differentially modulates the peripheral endocannabinoid system in human subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue from lean and obese individuals. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007;30(8): RC17-21.
    • (2007) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.30 , Issue.8
    • Murdolo, G.1    Kempf, K.2    Hammarstedt, A.3
  • 36
    • 42249099620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysregulation of peripheral endocannabinoid levels in hyperglycemia and obesity: effect of high fat diets
    • Matias I, Petrosino S, Racioppi A, et al. Dysregulation of peripheral endocannabinoid levels in hyperglycemia and obesity: effect of high fat diets. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2008;286(1-2 Suppl 1): S66-78.
    • (2008) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.286 , Issue.1-2 SUPPL. 1
    • Matias, I.1    Petrosino, S.2    Racioppi, A.3
  • 37
    • 40149084635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid dysregulation in the pancreas and adipose tissue of mice fed with a high-fat diet
    • Starowicz KM, Cristino L, Matias I, et al. Endocannabinoid dysregulation in the pancreas and adipose tissue of mice fed with a high-fat diet. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(3): 553-65.
    • (2008) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 553-565
    • Starowicz, K.M.1    Cristino, L.2    Matias, I.3
  • 38
    • 0037374766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 increases Acrp30 mRNA expression in adipose tissue of obese fa/fa rats and in cultured adipocyte cells
    • Bensaid M, Gary-Bobo M, Esclangon A, et al. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 increases Acrp30 mRNA expression in adipose tissue of obese fa/fa rats and in cultured adipocyte cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2003;63(4): 908-14.
    • (2003) Mol Pharmacol , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 908-914
    • Bensaid, M.1    Gary-Bobo, M.2    Esclangon, A.3
  • 39
    • 13244249625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 on oxygen consumption and soleus muscle glucose uptake in Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice
    • Liu YL, Connoley IP, Wilson CA, et al. Effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 on oxygen consumption and soleus muscle glucose uptake in Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29(2): 183-7.
    • (2005) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-187
    • Liu, Y.L.1    Connoley, I.P.2    Wilson, C.A.3
  • 40
    • 35348961244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endogenous cannabinoid system stimulates glucose uptake in human fat cells via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and calcium-dependent mechanisms
    • Pagano C, Pilon C, Calcagno A, et al. The endogenous cannabinoid system stimulates glucose uptake in human fat cells via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and calcium-dependent mechanisms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(12): 4810-9.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , Issue.12 , pp. 4810-4819
    • Pagano, C.1    Pilon, C.2    Calcagno, A.3
  • 41
    • 34548346901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune-mediated activation of the endocannabinoid system in visceral adipose tissue in obesity
    • Kempf K, Hector J, Strate T, et al. Immune-mediated activation of the endocannabinoid system in visceral adipose tissue in obesity. Horm Metab Res. 2007;39(8): 596-600.
    • (2007) Horm Metab Res , vol.39 , Issue.8 , pp. 596-600
    • Kempf, K.1    Hector, J.2    Strate, T.3
  • 42
    • 47749153343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin receptor deficiency is associated with upregulation of cannabinoid 1 receptors in limbic brain regions
    • Thanos PK, Ramalhete RC, Michaelides M, et al. Leptin receptor deficiency is associated with upregulation of cannabinoid 1 receptors in limbic brain regions. Synapse. 2008;62(9): 637-42.
    • (2008) Synapse , vol.62 , Issue.9 , pp. 637-642
    • Thanos, P.K.1    Ramalhete, R.C.2    Michaelides, M.3
  • 43
    • 0037304290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-obesity effect of SR141716, a CB1 receptor antagonist, in diet-induced obese mice
    • Ravinet Trillou C, Arnone M, Delgorge C, et al. Anti-obesity effect of SR141716, a CB1 receptor antagonist, in diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;284(2): R345-53.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.284 , Issue.2
    • Ravinet Trillou, C.1    Arnone, M.2    Delgorge, C.3
  • 44
    • 0038070321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, SR 141716, on food intake and body weight gain of obese (fa/fa) compared to lean Zucker rats
    • Vickers SP, Webster LJ, Wyatt A, et al. Preferential effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, SR 141716, on food intake and body weight gain of obese (fa/fa) compared to lean Zucker rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003;167(1): 103-11.
    • (2003) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.167 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-111
    • Vickers, S.P.1    Webster, L.J.2    Wyatt, A.3
  • 45
    • 70449459081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses to the cannabinoid receptor-1 antagonist, AM251, are more robust with age and with high-fat feeding
    • This paper addresses the obese-phenotype dependency of the pharmacological response to cannabinoid receptor antagonists
    • • Judge MK, Zhang Y, Scarpace PJ. Responses to the cannabinoid receptor-1 antagonist, AM251, are more robust with age and with high-fat feeding. J Endocrinol. 2009;203(2): 281-90. This paper addresses the obese-phenotype dependency of the pharmacological response to cannabinoid receptor antagonists.
    • (2009) J Endocrinol , vol.203 , Issue.2 , pp. 281-290
    • Judge, M.K.1    Zhang, Y.2    Scarpace, P.J.3
  • 46
    • 79960316462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The case for peripheral CB receptor blockade in the treatment of visceral obesity and its cardiometabolic complications
    • Analysis of the potential role of peripheral cannabinoid receptors in obesity and the impact of therapies aiming at this peripheral target
    • • Kunos G, Tam J. The case for peripheral CB receptor blockade in the treatment of visceral obesity and its cardiometabolic complications. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;163(7): 1423-31. Analysis of the potential role of peripheral cannabinoid receptors in obesity and the impact of therapies aiming at this peripheral target.
    • (2011) Br J Pharmacol , vol.163 , Issue.7 , pp. 1423-1431
    • Kunos, G.1    Tam, J.2
  • 47
    • 0031736282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperphagia in pre-fed rats following oral delta9-THC
    • Williams CM, Rogers PJ, Kirkham TC. Hyperphagia in pre-fed rats following oral delta9-THC. Physiol Behav. 1998;65(2): 343-6.
    • (1998) Physiol Behav , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 343-346
    • Williams, C.M.1    Rogers, P.J.2    Kirkham, T.C.3
  • 48
    • 0032936642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anandamide induces overeating: mediation by central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors
    • Williams CM, Kirkham TC. Anandamide induces overeating: mediation by central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999;143(3): 315-7.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.143 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-317
    • Williams, C.M.1    Kirkham, T.C.2
  • 49
    • 1842866963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout in mice leads to leanness, resistance to diet-induced obesity and enhanced leptin sensitivity
    • Ravinet Trillou C, Delgorge C, Menet C, et al. CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout in mice leads to leanness, resistance to diet-induced obesity and enhanced leptin sensitivity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28(4): 640-8.
    • (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 640-648
    • Ravinet Trillou, C.1    Delgorge, C.2    Menet, C.3
  • 50
    • 33746490030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist, rimonabant, modifies body weight and adiponectin function in diet-induced obese rats as a consequence of reduced food intake
    • Thornton-Jones ZD, Kennett GA, Benwell KR, et al. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist, rimonabant, modifies body weight and adiponectin function in diet-induced obese rats as a consequence of reduced food intake. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2006;84(2): 353-9.
    • (2006) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 353-359
    • Thornton-Jones, Z.D.1    Kennett, G.A.2    Benwell, K.R.3
  • 51
    • 67649856310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic and plant-derived cannabinoid receptor antagonists show hypophagic properties in fasted and non-fasted mice
    • Riedel G, Fadda P, McKillop-Smith S, et al. Synthetic and plant-derived cannabinoid receptor antagonists show hypophagic properties in fasted and non-fasted mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;156(7): 1154-66.
    • (2009) Br J Pharmacol , vol.156 , Issue.7 , pp. 1154-1166
    • Riedel, G.1    Fadda, P.2    McKillop-Smith, S.3
  • 52
    • 0028129936 scopus 로고
    • SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor
    • Rinaldi-Carmona M, Barth F, Heaulme M, et al. SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor. FEBS Lett. 1994;350(2-3): 240-4.
    • (1994) FEBS Lett , vol.350 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 240-244
    • Rinaldi-Carmona, M.1    Barth, F.2    Heaulme, M.3
  • 53
    • 34248532300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiobesity efficacy of a novel cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist, N-[(1S,2S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl]-2-methyl -2-[[5-(t rifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy]propanamide (MK-0364), in rodents
    • Fong TM, Guan XM, Marsh DJ, et al. Antiobesity efficacy of a novel cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist, N-[(1S, 2S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl]-2-methyl-2-[[5- (t rifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy]propanamide (MK-0364), in rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007;321(3): 1013-22.
    • (2007) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.321 , Issue.3 , pp. 1013-1022
    • Fong, T.M.1    Guan, X.M.2    Marsh, D.J.3
  • 54
    • 58149128824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral, but not central, CB1 antagonism provides food intake-independent metabolic benefits in diet-induced obese rats
    • Nogueiras R, Veyrat-Durebex C, Suchanek PM, et al. Peripheral, but not central, CB1 antagonism provides food intake-independent metabolic benefits in diet-induced obese rats. Diabetes. 2008;57(11): 2977-91.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.11 , pp. 2977-2991
    • Nogueiras, R.1    Veyrat-Durebex, C.2    Suchanek, P.M.3
  • 55
    • 0031929438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical distribution of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the rat central nervous system
    • Tsou K, Brown S, Sanudo-Pena MC, et al. Immunohistochemical distribution of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the rat central nervous system. Neuroscience. 1998;83(2): 393-411.
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.83 , Issue.2 , pp. 393-411
    • Tsou, K.1    Brown, S.2    Sanudo-Pena, M.C.3
  • 56
    • 0030988864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in cannabinoid receptor/G-protein coupling in rat brain
    • Breivogel CS, Sim LJ, Childers SR. Regional differences in cannabinoid receptor/G-protein coupling in rat brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997;282(3): 1632-42.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.282 , Issue.3 , pp. 1632-1642
    • Breivogel, C.S.1    Sim, L.J.2    Childers, S.R.3
  • 57
    • 0036849961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A peripheral mechanism for CB1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent modulation of feeding
    • Gomez R, Navarro M, Ferrer B, et al. A peripheral mechanism for CB1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent modulation of feeding. J Neurosci. 2002;22(21): 9612-7.
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.21 , pp. 9612-9617
    • Gomez, R.1    Navarro, M.2    Ferrer, B.3
  • 58
    • 77950199353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CB(1) signaling in forebrain and sympathetic neurons is a key determinant of endocannabinoid actions on energy balance
    • This important study clearly establish the role of cannabinoid CB1 receptor located in autonomic adrenergic neurons on the control of weight gain and energy expenditure
    • • Quarta C, Bellocchio L, Mancini G, et al. CB(1) signaling in forebrain and sympathetic neurons is a key determinant of endocannabinoid actions on energy balance. Cell Metab. 2010;11(4): 273-85. This important study clearly establish the role of cannabinoid CB1 receptor located in autonomic adrenergic neurons on the control of weight gain and energy expenditure.
    • (2010) Cell Metab , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 273-285
    • Quarta, C.1    Bellocchio, L.2    Mancini, G.3
  • 59
    • 77649185404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bimodal control of stimulated food intake by the endocannabinoid system
    • Identification of the opposite role of CB1 receptors located in either GABA or GLUTAMATE neurons on feeding. It sets the molecular basis for the biphasic effects of cannabinoids on feeding behaviour and other motivated behaviours
    • • Bellocchio L, Lafenetre P, Cannich A, et al. Bimodal control of stimulated food intake by the endocannabinoid system. Nat Neurosci. 2010;13(3): 281-3. Identification of the opposite role of CB1 receptors located in either GABA or GLUTAMATE neurons on feeding. It sets the molecular basis for the biphasic effects of cannabinoids on feeding behaviour and other motivated behaviours.
    • (2010) Nat Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 281-283
    • Bellocchio, L.1    Lafenetre, P.2    Cannich, A.3
  • 60
    • 0038606535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypersensitization of the Orexin 1 receptor by the CB1 receptor: evidence for cross-talk blocked by the specific CB1 antagonist, SR141716
    • Hilairet S, Bouaboula M, Carriere D, et al. Hypersensitization of the Orexin 1 receptor by the CB1 receptor: evidence for cross-talk blocked by the specific CB1 antagonist, SR141716. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(26): 23731-7.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , Issue.26 , pp. 23731-23737
    • Hilairet, S.1    Bouaboula, M.2    Carriere, D.3
  • 61
    • 0035514596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin causes hyperphagia and obesity in rats
    • Wren AM, Small CJ, Abbott CR, et al. Ghrelin causes hyperphagia and obesity in rats. Diabetes. 2001;50(11): 2540-7.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , Issue.11 , pp. 2540-2547
    • Wren, A.M.1    Small, C.J.2    Abbott, C.R.3
  • 62
    • 8744249918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 blocks the orexigenic effects of intrahypothalamic ghrelin
    • Tucci SA, Rogers EK, Korbonits M, et al. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 blocks the orexigenic effects of intrahypothalamic ghrelin. Br J Pharmacol. 2004;143(5): 520-3.
    • (2004) Br J Pharmacol , vol.143 , Issue.5 , pp. 520-523
    • Tucci, S.A.1    Rogers, E.K.2    Korbonits, M.3
  • 63
    • 45549092924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The orexigenic effect of ghrelin is mediated through central activation of the endogenous cannabinoid system
    • Kola B, Farkas I, Christ-Crain M, et al. The orexigenic effect of ghrelin is mediated through central activation of the endogenous cannabinoid system. PLoS One. 2008;3(3): e1797.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3 , Issue.3
    • Kola, B.1    Farkas, I.2    Christ-Crain, M.3
  • 64
    • 78650420359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight loss induced by rimonabant is associated with an altered leptin expression and hypothalamic leptin signaling in diet-induced obese mice
    • Lazzari P, Sanna A, Mastinu A, et al. Weight loss induced by rimonabant is associated with an altered leptin expression and hypothalamic leptin signaling in diet-induced obese mice. Behav Brain Res. 2011;217(2): 432-8.
    • (2011) Behav Brain Res , vol.217 , Issue.2 , pp. 432-438
    • Lazzari, P.1    Sanna, A.2    Mastinu, A.3
  • 65
    • 0034998343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delta(9)-THC stimulates food intake in Lewis rats: effects on chow, high-fat and sweet high-fat diets
    • Koch JE. Delta(9)-THC stimulates food intake in Lewis rats: effects on chow, high-fat and sweet high-fat diets. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2001;68(3): 539-43.
    • (2001) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 539-543
    • Koch, J.E.1
  • 66
    • 0035544196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol stimulates palatable food intake in Lewis rats: effects of peripheral and central administration
    • Koch JE, Matthews SM. Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol stimulates palatable food intake in Lewis rats: effects of peripheral and central administration. Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4(3): 179-87.
    • (2001) Nutr Neurosci , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 179-187
    • Koch, J.E.1    Matthews, S.M.2
  • 67
    • 4644224022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoids and food consumption: comparisons with benzodiazepine and opioid palatability-dependent appetite
    • Cooper SJ. Endocannabinoids and food consumption: comparisons with benzodiazepine and opioid palatability-dependent appetite. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;500(1-3): 37-49.
    • (2004) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.500 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 37-49
    • Cooper, S.J.1
  • 68
    • 20444398090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid signaling system and brain reward: emphasis on dopamine
    • Gardner EL. Endocannabinoid signaling system and brain reward: emphasis on dopamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2005;81(2): 263-84.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-284
    • Gardner, E.L.1
  • 69
    • 33646889517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids, opioids and eating behavior: the molecular face of hedonism?
    • Cota D, Tschop MH, Horvath TL, et al. Cannabinoids, opioids and eating behavior: the molecular face of hedonism? Brain Res Rev. 2006;51(1): 85-107.
    • (2006) Brain Res Rev , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-107
    • Cota, D.1    Tschop, M.H.2    Horvath, T.L.3
  • 70
    • 2442433826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid CB1 antagonists SR 141716A and AM 251 suppress food intake and food-reinforced behavior in a variety of tasks in rats
    • McLaughlin PJ, Winston K, Swezey L, et al. The cannabinoid CB1 antagonists SR 141716A and AM 251 suppress food intake and food-reinforced behavior in a variety of tasks in rats. Behav Pharmacol. 2003;14(8): 583-8.
    • (2003) Behav Pharmacol , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 583-588
    • McLaughlin, P.J.1    Winston, K.2    Swezey, L.3
  • 71
    • 0345791451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of high carbohydrate, high fat, and normal chow is equally suppressed by a cannabinoid receptor antagonist in non-deprived rats
    • Verty AN, McGregor IS, Mallet PE. Consumption of high carbohydrate, high fat, and normal chow is equally suppressed by a cannabinoid receptor antagonist in non-deprived rats. Neurosci Lett. 2004;354(3): 217-20.
    • (2004) Neurosci Lett , vol.354 , Issue.3 , pp. 217-220
    • Verty, A.N.1    McGregor, I.S.2    Mallet, P.E.3
  • 72
    • 0037317155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice exhibit markedly reduced voluntary alcohol consumption and lack alcohol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens
    • Hungund BL, Szakall I, Adam A, et al. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice exhibit markedly reduced voluntary alcohol consumption and lack alcohol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. J Neurochem. 2003;84(4): 698-704.
    • (2003) J Neurochem , vol.84 , Issue.4 , pp. 698-704
    • Hungund, B.L.1    Szakall, I.2    Adam, A.3
  • 73
    • 0347480441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased alcohol self-administration and increased alcohol sensitivity and withdrawal in CB1 receptor knockout mice
    • Naassila M, Pierrefiche O, Ledent C, et al. Decreased alcohol self-administration and increased alcohol sensitivity and withdrawal in CB1 receptor knockout mice. Neuropharmacology. 2004;46(2): 243-53.
    • (2004) Neuropharmacology , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 243-253
    • Naassila, M.1    Pierrefiche, O.2    Ledent, C.3
  • 74
    • 78951494193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additive effects of cannabinoid CB1 receptors blockade and cholecystokinin on feeding inhibition
    • This study show how the ECS opposes to the anorectic actions of CCK in peripheral nerve terminals. It demonstrates that CCK and a CB1 receptor antagonist can be additive in reducing feeding
    • • Orio L, Crespo I, Lopez-Moreno JA, et al. Additive effects of cannabinoid CB1 receptors blockade and cholecystokinin on feeding inhibition. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2011;98(2): 220-6. This study show how the ECS opposes to the anorectic actions of CCK in peripheral nerve terminals. It demonstrates that CCK and a CB1 receptor antagonist can be additive in reducing feeding.
    • (2011) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.98 , Issue.2 , pp. 220-226
    • Orio, L.1    Crespo, I.2    Lopez-Moreno, J.A.3
  • 75
    • 40949151048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of dietary fatty acids on endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamine levels in rat brain, liver and small intestine
    • Artmann A, Petersen G, Hellgren LI, et al. Influence of dietary fatty acids on endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamine levels in rat brain, liver and small intestine. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008;1781(4): 200-12.
    • (2008) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1781 , Issue.4 , pp. 200-212
    • Artmann, A.1    Petersen, G.2    Hellgren, L.I.3
  • 76
    • 79961239911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid signal in the gut controls dietary fat intake
    • The ECS not only controls appetite, but specific appetites such as that of fat. The study identifies the places throughout the whole gut where this inhibitory signal occurs
    • • DiPatrizio NV, Astarita G, Schwartz G, et al. Endocannabinoid signal in the gut controls dietary fat intake. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(31): 12904-8. The ECS not only controls appetite, but specific appetites such as that of fat. The study identifies the places throughout the whole gut where this inhibitory signal occurs.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , Issue.31 , pp. 12904-12908
    • DiPatrizio, N.V.1    Astarita, G.2    Schwartz, G.3
  • 77
    • 77953327439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of CB(1) neutral antagonists and inverse agonists on gastrointestinal motility in mice
    • e223
    • Storr MA, Bashashati M, Hirota C, et al. Differential effects of CB(1) neutral antagonists and inverse agonists on gastrointestinal motility in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010;22(7): 787-96. e223.
    • (2010) Neurogastroenterol Motil , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 787-796
    • Storr, M.A.1    Bashashati, M.2    Hirota, C.3
  • 78
    • 35348997088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of receptors for endocannabinoids in human and rodent skeletal muscle
    • Cavuoto P, McAinch AJ, Hatzinikolas G, et al. The expression of receptors for endocannabinoids in human and rodent skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;364(1): 105-10.
    • (2007) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.364 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-110
    • Cavuoto, P.1    McAinch, A.J.2    Hatzinikolas, G.3
  • 79
    • 33847306530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cannabinoid receptors on skeletal muscle oxidative pathways
    • Cavuoto P, McAinch AJ, Hatzinikolas G, et al. Effects of cannabinoid receptors on skeletal muscle oxidative pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007;267(1-2): 63-9.
    • (2007) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.267 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 63-69
    • Cavuoto, P.1    McAinch, A.J.2    Hatzinikolas, G.3
  • 80
    • 57349088236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant stimulates 2-deoxyglucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by regulating the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
    • Esposito I, Proto MC, Gazzerro P, et al. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant stimulates 2-deoxyglucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by regulating the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. Mol Pharmacol. 2008;74(6): 1678-86.
    • (2008) Mol Pharmacol , vol.74 , Issue.6 , pp. 1678-1686
    • Esposito, I.1    Proto, M.C.2    Gazzerro, P.3
  • 81
    • 0033515761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity
    • Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999;257(1): 79-83.
    • (1999) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.257 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-83
    • Arita, Y.1    Kihara, S.2    Ouchi, N.3
  • 82
    • 29544435299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptors regulate Ca(2+) signals and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cell
    • Juan-Pico P, Fuentes E, Bermudez-Silva FJ, et al. Cannabinoid receptors regulate Ca(2+) signals and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cell. Cell Calcium. 2006;39(2): 155-62.
    • (2006) Cell Calcium , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-162
    • Juan-Pico, P.1    Fuentes, E.2    Bermudez-Silva, F.J.3
  • 83
    • 34249097103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in glucose homeostasis in rats
    • Bermudez-Silva FJ, Sanchez-Vera I, Suarez J, et al. Role of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in glucose homeostasis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;565(1-3): 207-11.
    • (2007) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.565 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 207-211
    • Bermudez-Silva, F.J.1    Sanchez-Vera, I.2    Suarez, J.3
  • 84
    • 77953915924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CB1 cannabinoid receptor expression is regulated by glucose and feeding in rat pancreatic islets
    • Vilches-Flores A, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Navarrete-Vazquez G, et al. CB1 cannabinoid receptor expression is regulated by glucose and feeding in rat pancreatic islets. Regul Pept. 2010;163(1-3): 81-7.
    • (2010) Regul Pept , vol.163 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 81-87
    • Vilches-Flores, A.1    Delgado-Buenrostro, N.L.2    Navarrete-Vazquez, G.3
  • 85
    • 70349515011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CB1 antagonist rimonabant decreases insulin hypersecretion in rat pancreatic islets
    • Getty-Kaushik L, Richard AM, Deeney JT, et al. The CB1 antagonist rimonabant decreases insulin hypersecretion in rat pancreatic islets. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(10): 1856-60.
    • (2009) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 1856-1860
    • Getty-Kaushik, L.1    Richard, A.M.2    Deeney, J.T.3
  • 86
    • 84859208807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial CB(1) receptors regulate neuronal energy metabolism
    • Notes
    • • Benard G, Massa F, Puente N, et al. Mitochondrial CB(1) receptors regulate neuronal energy metabolism. Nat Neurosci. 2012;15(4): 558-64. This study reveals a novel mechanism for the metabolic actions of endocannabinoids. The presence of CB1 receptors in the membrane of a relevante percentage of neuronal mitochdria allows the ECS to control respiration and neurotransmission.
    • (2012) Nat Neurosci , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 558-564
    • Benard, G.1    Massa, F.2    Puente, N.3
  • 87
    • 78049307571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptor stimulation impairs mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse white adipose tissue, muscle, and liver: the role of eNOS, p38 MAPK, and AMPK pathways
    • Notes
    • • Tedesco L, Valerio A, Dossena M, et al. Cannabinoid receptor stimulation impairs mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse white adipose tissue, muscle, and liver: the role of eNOS, p38 MAPK, and AMPK pathways. Diabetes. 2010;59(11): 2826-36. The activation of the ECS has a negative impact on mitochondrial development. This paper identifies the role of the ECS on mitochondriogenensis and explains the beneficial role of cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists on the number of active mitochondria.
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , Issue.11 , pp. 2826-2836
    • Tedesco, L.1    Valerio, A.2    Dossena, M.3
  • 88
    • 77954859197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes
    • Patti ME, Corvera S. The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev. 2010;31(3): 364-95.
    • (2010) Endocr Rev , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 364-395
    • Patti, M.E.1    Corvera, S.2
  • 89
    • 50949092455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in white adipocytes
    • Tedesco L, Valerio A, Cervino C, et al. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in white adipocytes. Diabetes. 2008;57(8): 2028-36.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.8 , pp. 2028-2036
    • Tedesco, L.1    Valerio, A.2    Cervino, C.3
  • 90
    • 73349119690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade induces transdifferentiation towards a brown fat phenotype in white adipocytes
    • This paper sets the role for the peripheral CB1 receptor on brown to white adipocyte metaplasia. This mechanisms is sufficient to induce net weight loss
    • • Perwitz N, Wenzel J, Wagner I, et al. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade induces transdifferentiation towards a brown fat phenotype in white adipocytes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010;12(2): 158-66. This paper sets the role for the peripheral CB1 receptor on brown to white adipocyte metaplasia. This mechanisms is sufficient to induce net weight loss.
    • (2010) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 158-166
    • Perwitz, N.1    Wenzel, J.2    Wagner, I.3
  • 91
    • 17144382751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study
    • van Gaal LF, Rissanen AM, Scheen AJ, et al. Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study. Lancet. 2005;365(9468): 1389-97.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , Issue.9468 , pp. 1389-1397
    • van Gaal, L.F.1    Rissanen, A.M.2    Scheen, A.J.3
  • 92
    • 32644441249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rimonabant, a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker, on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese patients: RIO-North America: a randomized controlled trial
    • Pi-Sunyer FX, Aronne LJ, Heshmati HM, et al. Effect of rimonabant, a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker, on weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese patients: RIO-North America: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006;295(7): 761-75.
    • (2006) Jama , vol.295 , Issue.7 , pp. 761-775
    • Pi-Sunyer, F.X.1    Aronne, L.J.2    Heshmati, H.M.3
  • 93
    • 27844463517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia
    • Despres JP, Golay A, Sjostrom L. Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(20): 2121-34.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , Issue.20 , pp. 2121-2134
    • Despres, J.P.1    Golay, A.2    Sjostrom, L.3
  • 94
    • 80053238812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspectives of CB1 Antagonist in Treatment of Obesity: Experience of RIO-Asia
    • Pan C, Yoo HJ, Ho LT. Perspectives of CB1 Antagonist in Treatment of Obesity: Experience of RIO-Asia. J Obes. 2011;2011: 957268.
    • (2011) J Obes , vol.2011 , pp. 957268
    • Pan, C.1    Yoo, H.J.2    Ho, L.T.3
  • 95
    • 33751001942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of rimonabant in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled study
    • Scheen AJ, Finer N, Hollander P, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of rimonabant in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled study. Lancet. 2006;368(9548): 1660-72.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , Issue.9548 , pp. 1660-1672
    • Scheen, A.J.1    Finer, N.2    Hollander, P.3
  • 96
    • 36048995288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: a meta-analysis of randomised trials
    • Christensen R, Kristensen PK, Bartels EM, et al. Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2007;370(9600): 1706-13.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , Issue.9600 , pp. 1706-1713
    • Christensen, R.1    Kristensen, P.K.2    Bartels, E.M.3
  • 97
    • 78650960433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the metabolic effects of rimonabant in randomized controlled trials: potential for other cannabinoid 1 receptor blockers in obesity
    • Christopoulou FD, Kiortsis DN. An overview of the metabolic effects of rimonabant in randomized controlled trials: potential for other cannabinoid 1 receptor blockers in obesity. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2011;36(1): 10-8.
    • (2011) J Clin Pharm Ther , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-18
    • Christopoulou, F.D.1    Kiortsis, D.N.2
  • 98
    • 0030609879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute administration of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716A induces anxiety-like responses in the rat
    • Navarro M, Hernandez E, Munoz RM, et al. Acute administration of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716A induces anxiety-like responses in the rat. Neuroreport. 1997;8(2): 491-6.
    • (1997) Neuroreport , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 491-496
    • Navarro, M.1    Hernandez, E.2    Munoz, R.M.3
  • 99
    • 2442651556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hexyl-1 h-1,2,4-triazole, a novel in vivo cannabinoid antagonist containing a 1,2,4-triazole motif
    • Jagerovic N, Hernandez-Folgado L, Alkorta I, et al. Discovery of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hexyl-1 h-1, 2, 4-triazole, a novel in vivo cannabinoid antagonist containing a 1, 2, 4-triazole motif. J Med Chem. 2004;47(11): 2939-42.
    • (2004) J Med Chem , vol.47 , Issue.11 , pp. 2939-2942
    • Jagerovic, N.1    Hernandez-Folgado, L.2    Alkorta, I.3
  • 100
    • 41249100938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological evaluation of LH-21, a newly discovered molecule that binds to cannabinoid CB1 receptor
    • Chen RZ, Frassetto A, Lao JZ, et al. Pharmacological evaluation of LH-21, a newly discovered molecule that binds to cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;584(2-3): 338-42.
    • (2008) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.584 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 338-342
    • Chen, R.Z.1    Frassetto, A.2    Lao, J.Z.3
  • 101
    • 33746110406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiobesity effects of the novel in vivo neutral cannabinoid receptor antagonist 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hexyl-1 H-1,2,4-triazole-LH 21
    • Pavon FJ, Bilbao A, Hernandez-Folgado L, et al. Antiobesity effects of the novel in vivo neutral cannabinoid receptor antagonist 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hexyl-1 H-1, 2, 4-triazole-LH 21. Neuropharmacology. 2006;51(2): 358-66.
    • (2006) Neuropharmacology , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 358-366
    • Pavon, F.J.1    Bilbao, A.2    Hernandez-Folgado, L.3
  • 102
    • 42349102388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central versus peripheral antagonism of cannabinoid CB1 receptor in obesity: effects of LH-21, a peripherally acting neutral cannabinoid receptor antagonist, in Zucker rats
    • Pavon FJ, Serrano A, Perez-Valero V, et al. Central versus peripheral antagonism of cannabinoid CB1 receptor in obesity: effects of LH-21, a peripherally acting neutral cannabinoid receptor antagonist, in Zucker rats. J Neuroendocrinol. 2008;20 Suppl 1: 116-23.
    • (2008) J Neuroendocrinol , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 116-123
    • Pavon, F.J.1    Serrano, A.2    Perez-Valero, V.3
  • 103
    • 84856590467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-obesity efficacy of LH-21, a cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist with poor brain penetration, in diet-induced obese rats
    • This study describes the effects of a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist with poor brain penetration on diet-induced obese rats, identiying the adipose tissue as main target for its antiobesity actvity
    • • Alonso M, Serrano A, Vida M, et al. Anti-obesity efficacy of LH-21, a cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist with poor brain penetration, in diet-induced obese rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;165(7): 2274-91. This study describes the effects of a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist with poor brain penetration on diet-induced obese rats, identiying the adipose tissue as main target for its antiobesity actvity.
    • (2012) Br J Pharmacol , vol.165 , Issue.7 , pp. 2274-2291
    • Alonso, M.1    Serrano, A.2    Vida, M.3
  • 104
    • 77955286305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral CB1 cannabinoid receptor blockade improves cardiometabolic risk in mouse models of obesity
    • Tam J, Vemuri VK, Liu J, et al. Peripheral CB1 cannabinoid receptor blockade improves cardiometabolic risk in mouse models of obesity. J Clin Invest. 2010;120(8): 2953-66.
    • (2010) J Clin Invest , vol.120 , Issue.8 , pp. 2953-2966
    • Tam, J.1    Vemuri, V.K.2    Liu, J.3
  • 105
    • 77957749920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel cannabinoid CB1 antagonist AM6545 suppresses food intake and food-reinforced behavior
    • Randall PA, Vemuri VK, Segovia KN, et al. The novel cannabinoid CB1 antagonist AM6545 suppresses food intake and food-reinforced behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2010;97(1): 179-84.
    • (2010) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 179-184
    • Randall, P.A.1    Vemuri, V.K.2    Segovia, K.N.3
  • 106
    • 77956037652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel peripherally restricted cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM6545, reduces food intake and body weight, but does not cause malaise, in rodents
    • Another description of a molecule that blocks cannabinoid receptors but does not penetrate into the brain. This molecule reduces appetite and body weight gain without inducing malaise
    • • Cluny NL, Vemuri VK, Chambers AP, et al. A novel peripherally restricted cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM6545, reduces food intake and body weight, but does not cause malaise, in rodents. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;161(3): 629-42. Another description of a molecule that blocks cannabinoid receptors but does not penetrate into the brain. This molecule reduces appetite and body weight gain without inducing malaise.
    • (2010) Br J Pharmacol , vol.161 , Issue.3 , pp. 629-642
    • Cluny, N.L.1    Vemuri, V.K.2    Chambers, A.P.3
  • 107
    • 58849116267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of a peripherally restricted CB1 cannabinoid antagonist, URB447, that reduces feeding and body-weight gain in mice
    • LoVerme J, Duranti A, Tontini A, et al. Synthesis and characterization of a peripherally restricted CB1 cannabinoid antagonist, URB447, that reduces feeding and body-weight gain in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009;19(3): 639-43.
    • (2009) Bioorg Med Chem Lett , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 639-643
    • LoVerme, J.1    Duranti, A.2    Tontini, A.3
  • 108
    • 77950214934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-brain-penetrant CB1 receptor antagonists as a novel treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders
    • McElroy J, Sieracki K, Chorvat R. Non-brain-penetrant CB1 receptor antagonists as a novel treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(S47).
    • (2008) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.16 , Issue.S47
    • McElroy, J.1    Sieracki, K.2    Chorvat, R.3
  • 109
    • 77949539755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripherally acting CB1-receptor antagonist: the relative importance of central and peripheral CB1 receptors in adiposity control
    • Son MH, Kim HD, Chae YN, et al. Peripherally acting CB1-receptor antagonist: the relative importance of central and peripheral CB1 receptors in adiposity control. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010;34(3): 547-56.
    • (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 547-556
    • Son, M.H.1    Kim, H.D.2    Chae, Y.N.3
  • 110
    • 72249112327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of 4-cyanomethyl-pyrazole-3-carboxamides into CB1 antagonists with lowered propensity to pass the blood-brain-barrier
    • Receveur JM, Murray A, Linget JM, et al. Conversion of 4-cyanomethyl-pyrazole-3-carboxamides into CB1 antagonists with lowered propensity to pass the blood-brain-barrier. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010;20(2): 453-7.
    • (2010) Bioorg Med Chem Lett , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 453-457
    • Receveur, J.M.1    Murray, A.2    Linget, J.M.3
  • 111
    • 57949112266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational design of a combination medication for the treatment of obesity
    • Greenway FL, Whitehouse MJ, Guttadauria M, et al. Rational design of a combination medication for the treatment of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(1): 30-9.
    • (2009) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-39
    • Greenway, F.L.1    Whitehouse, M.J.2    Guttadauria, M.3
  • 112
    • 0033540056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach
    • Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature. 1999;402(6762): 656-60.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , Issue.6762 , pp. 656-660
    • Kojima, M.1    Hosoda, H.2    Date, Y.3
  • 113
    • 0035843183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding
    • Nakazato M, Murakami N, Date Y, et al. A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature. 2001;409(6817): 194-8.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , Issue.6817 , pp. 194-198
    • Nakazato, M.1    Murakami, N.2    Date, Y.3
  • 114
    • 2542460126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous opioids and feeding behavior: a 30-year historical perspective
    • Bodnar RJ. Endogenous opioids and feeding behavior: a 30-year historical perspective. Peptides. 2004;25(4): 697-725.
    • (2004) Peptides , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 697-725
    • Bodnar, R.J.1
  • 115
    • 0042667093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716 attenuates overfeeding induced by systemic or intracranial morphine
    • Verty AN, Singh ME, McGregor IS, et al. The cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716 attenuates overfeeding induced by systemic or intracranial morphine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003;168(3): 314-23.
    • (2003) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.168 , Issue.3 , pp. 314-323
    • Verty, A.N.1    Singh, M.E.2    McGregor, I.S.3
  • 116
    • 0035142565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic efects of opioid and cannabinoid antagonists on food intake
    • Kirkham TC, Williams CM. Synergistic efects of opioid and cannabinoid antagonists on food intake. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001;153(2): 267-70.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.153 , Issue.2 , pp. 267-270
    • Kirkham, T.C.1    Williams, C.M.2
  • 117
    • 0036136039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716, alone and in combination with dexfenfluramine or naloxone, on food intake in rats
    • Rowland NE, Mukherjee M, Robertson K. Effects of the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716, alone and in combination with dexfenfluramine or naloxone, on food intake in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001;159(1): 111-6.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.159 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-116
    • Rowland, N.E.1    Mukherjee, M.2    Robertson, K.3
  • 118
    • 0842303217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic effects of cannabinoid inverse agonist AM251 and opioid antagonist nalmefene on food intake in mice
    • Chen RZ, Huang RR, Shen CP, et al. Synergistic effects of cannabinoid inverse agonist AM251 and opioid antagonist nalmefene on food intake in mice. Brain Res. 2004;999(2): 227-30.
    • (2004) Brain Res , vol.999 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-230
    • Chen, R.Z.1    Huang, R.R.2    Shen, C.P.3
  • 119
    • 0038176915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peptides that regulate food intake: regional, metabolic, and circadian specificity of lateral hypothalamic orexin A feeding stimulation
    • Thorpe AJ, Mullett MA, Wang C, et al. Peptides that regulate food intake: regional, metabolic, and circadian specificity of lateral hypothalamic orexin A feeding stimulation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;284(6): R1409-17.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.284 , Issue.6
    • Thorpe, A.J.1    Mullett, M.A.2    Wang, C.3
  • 120
    • 0032858014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of single and chronic intracerebroventricular administration of the orexins on feeding in the rat
    • Haynes AC, Jackson B, Overend P, et al. Effects of single and chronic intracerebroventricular administration of the orexins on feeding in the rat. Peptides. 1999;20(9): 1099-105.
    • (1999) Peptides , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 1099-1105
    • Haynes, A.C.1    Jackson, B.2    Overend, P.3
  • 121
    • 0033081871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic interaction between hypocretin (orexin) and neuropeptide Y cells in the rodent and primate hypothalamus: a novel circuit implicated in metabolic and endocrine regulations
    • Horvath TL, Diano S, van den Pol AN. Synaptic interaction between hypocretin (orexin) and neuropeptide Y cells in the rodent and primate hypothalamus: a novel circuit implicated in metabolic and endocrine regulations. J Neurosci. 1999;19(3): 1072-87.
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 1072-1087
    • Horvath, T.L.1    Diano, S.2    van den Pol, A.N.3
  • 122
    • 0035925698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression and protein distribution of the orexin-1 receptor in the rat brain and spinal cord
    • Hervieu GJ, Cluderay JE, Harrison DC, et al. Gene expression and protein distribution of the orexin-1 receptor in the rat brain and spinal cord. Neuroscience. 2001;103(3): 777-97.
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.103 , Issue.3 , pp. 777-797
    • Hervieu, G.J.1    Cluderay, J.E.2    Harrison, D.C.3
  • 123
    • 37449022894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pretreatment with subeffective doses of Rimonabant attenuates orexigenic actions of orexin A-hypocretin 1
    • Crespo I, Gomez de Heras R, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, et al. Pretreatment with subeffective doses of Rimonabant attenuates orexigenic actions of orexin A-hypocretin 1. Neuropharmacology. 2008;54(1): 219-25.
    • (2008) Neuropharmacology , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 219-225
    • Crespo, I.1    Gomez de Heras, R.2    Rodriguez de Fonseca, F.3
  • 124
    • 7144227374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonergic control of the organization of feeding and satiety
    • Simansky KJ. Serotonergic control of the organization of feeding and satiety. Behav Brain Res. 1996;73(1-2): 37-42.
    • (1996) Behav Brain Res , vol.73 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 37-42
    • Simansky, K.J.1
  • 125
    • 58149301316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological targeting of the serotonergic system for the treatment of obesity
    • A review on the role of serotonin in obesity and the effects of serotonergic drugs. Lorcaserin, a 5HT2C receptor agonist is the first drug approved for obesity after the case of the CB1 receptor antagonist Rimonabant
    • • Garfield AS, Heisler LK. Pharmacological targeting of the serotonergic system for the treatment of obesity. J Physiol. 2009;587(Pt 1): 49-60. A review on the role of serotonin in obesity and the effects of serotonergic drugs. Lorcaserin, a 5HT2C receptor agonist is the first drug approved for obesity after the case of the CB1 receptor antagonist Rimonabant.
    • (2009) J Physiol , vol.587 , Issue.Pt 1 , pp. 49-60
    • Garfield, A.S.1    Heisler, L.K.2
  • 126
    • 0037074929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexpression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 with dopamine and serotonin receptors in distinct neuronal subpopulations of the adult mouse forebrain
    • Hermann H, Marsicano G, Lutz B. Coexpression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 with dopamine and serotonin receptors in distinct neuronal subpopulations of the adult mouse forebrain. Neuroscience. 2002;109(3): 451-60.
    • (2002) Neuroscience , vol.109 , Issue.3 , pp. 451-460
    • Hermann, H.1    Marsicano, G.2    Lutz, B.3
  • 127
    • 0030860731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of sibutramine and other monoamine reuptake inhibitors on food intake in the rat
    • Jackson HC, Needham AM, Hutchins LJ, et al. Comparison of the effects of sibutramine and other monoamine reuptake inhibitors on food intake in the rat. Br J Pharmacol. 1997;121(8): 1758-62.
    • (1997) Br J Pharmacol , vol.121 , Issue.8 , pp. 1758-1762
    • Jackson, H.C.1    Needham, A.M.2    Hutchins, L.J.3
  • 128
    • 0037388354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sibutramine decreases body weight gain and increases energy expenditure in obese Zucker rats without changes in NPY and orexins
    • Casado A, Rodriguez VM, Portillo MP, et al. Sibutramine decreases body weight gain and increases energy expenditure in obese Zucker rats without changes in NPY and orexins. Nutr Neurosci. 2003;6(2): 103-11.
    • (2003) Nutr Neurosci , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-111
    • Casado, A.1    Rodriguez, V.M.2    Portillo, M.P.3
  • 129
    • 0037066583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discovery and status of sibutramine as an anti-obesity drug
    • Luque CA, Rey JA. The discovery and status of sibutramine as an anti-obesity drug. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;440(2-3): 119-28.
    • (2002) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.440 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 119-128
    • Luque, C.A.1    Rey, J.A.2
  • 130
    • 42449164739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a Cannabinoid1 receptor antagonist and Serotonin2C receptor agonist alone and in combination on motivation for palatable food: a dose-addition analysis study in mice
    • Ward SJ, Lefever TW, Jackson C, et al. Effects of a Cannabinoid1 receptor antagonist and Serotonin2C receptor agonist alone and in combination on motivation for palatable food: a dose-addition analysis study in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008;325(2): 567-76.
    • (2008) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.325 , Issue.2 , pp. 567-576
    • Ward, S.J.1    Lefever, T.W.2    Jackson, C.3
  • 131
    • 77957752999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute low-dose combined treatment with rimonabant and sibutramine on appetite and weight gain in rats
    • An example of combinatorial therapy in obesity: the combination of subeffective doses of a serotonin uptake inhibitor and a cannabinoid receptor antagonist
    • • Tallett AJ, Blundell JE, Rodgers RJ. Effects of acute low-dose combined treatment with rimonabant and sibutramine on appetite and weight gain in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2010;97(1): 92-100. An example of combinatorial therapy in obesity: the combination of subeffective doses of a serotonin uptake inhibitor and a cannabinoid receptor antagonist.
    • (2010) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 92-100
    • Tallett, A.J.1    Blundell, J.E.2    Rodgers, R.J.3
  • 132
    • 0035829625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anorexic lipid mediator regulated by feeding
    • Rodriguez De Fonseca F, Navarro M, Gomez R, et al. An anorexic lipid mediator regulated by feeding. Nature. 2001;414(6860): 209-12.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , Issue.6860 , pp. 209-212
    • Rodriguez de Fonseca, F.1    Navarro, M.2    Gomez, R.3
  • 133
    • 37449000478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (Rimonabant) enhances the metabolic benefits of long-term treatment with oleoylethanolamide in Zucker rats
    • Serrano A, Del Arco I, Javier Pavon F, et al. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (Rimonabant) enhances the metabolic benefits of long-term treatment with oleoylethanolamide in Zucker rats. Neuropharmacology. 2008;54(1): 226-34.
    • (2008) Neuropharmacology , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 226-234
    • Serrano, A.1    Del Arco, I.2    Javier Pavon, F.3
  • 134
    • 84861709214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of a low dose of rimonabant to orlistat therapy decreases weight gain and reduces adiposity in dietary obese rats
    • Zaitone SA, Essawy S. Addition of a low dose of rimonabant to orlistat therapy decreases weight gain and reduces adiposity in dietary obese rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2012;39(6): 551-9.
    • (2012) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 551-559
    • Zaitone, S.A.1    Essawy, S.2
  • 135
    • 85095461356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-obesity effects of the combined administration of CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant and melanin-concentrating hormone antagonist SNAP-94847 in diet-inudced obese mice
    • •, Another example of a combinatorial therapy based on the association of a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist and a melanin-concentrating hormone antagonist
    • • Verty AN, Lockie SH, Stefanidis A, et al. Anti-obesity effects of the combined administration of CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant and melanin-concentrating hormone antagonist SNAP-94847 in diet-inudced obese mice. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012. Another example of a combinatorial therapy based on the association of a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist and a melanin-concentrating hormone antagonist.
    • (2012) Int J Obes (Lond)
    • Verty, A.N.1    Lockie, S.H.2    Stefanidis, A.3
  • 136
    • 84863751896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designed Multiple Ligands: Basic Research vs Clinical Outcomes
    • Costantino L, Barlocco D. Designed Multiple Ligands: Basic Research vs Clinical Outcomes. Curr Med Chem. 2012;19(20): 3353-87.
    • (2012) Curr Med Chem , vol.19 , Issue.20 , pp. 3353-3387
    • Costantino, L.1    Barlocco, D.2
  • 137
    • 56049118644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiobesity designed multiple ligands: Synthesis of pyrazole fatty acid amides and evaluation as hypophagic agents
    • Alvarado M, Goya P, Macias-Gonzalez M, et al. Antiobesity designed multiple ligands: Synthesis of pyrazole fatty acid amides and evaluation as hypophagic agents. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008;16(23): 10098-105.
    • (2008) Bioorg Med Chem , vol.16 , Issue.23 , pp. 10098-10105
    • Alvarado, M.1    Goya, P.2    Macias-Gonzalez, M.3
  • 138
    • 80955150852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dicovery of potent dual PPAR alpha agonists / CB1 ligands
    • Notes
    • • Perez-Fernandez RF, N; Macias, M; Elguero, J, et al. Dicovery of potent dual PPAR alpha agonists / CB1 ligands. Med Chem Lett. 2011: 793-7. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to create new chemical entities based in known cannabinoid CB1 receptor ligands that act as dual drugs: in this case, the second target is the PPARα receptor.
    • (2011) Med Chem Lett. , pp. 793-797
    • Perez-Fernandez, R.F.1    Macias, M.2    Elguero, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.