Mitotic spindle form and function

Genetics

Volumn 190, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1197-1224

  Winey, Mark ^a   Bloom, Kerry ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONDENSIN; GAMMA TUBULIN; MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; MOLECULAR MOTOR; TUBULIN;

ARTICLE; CELL ADHESION; CELL DIVISION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL STRUCTURE; CELL SURVIVAL; CENTROMERE; HUMAN; MICROTUBULE; MITOSIS SPINDLE; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SPINDLE POLE BODY; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING;

CELL NUCLEUS; CHROMOSOMES, FUNGAL; CYTOPLASM; GENES, FUNGAL; KINESIN; KINETOCHORES; MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS; MITOSIS; MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS; NUCLEAR ENVELOPE; PROTEIN STABILITY; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE PROTEINS;

EUKARYOTA; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SACCHAROMYCETALES;

EID: 84859595357     PISSN: 00166731     EISSN: 19432631     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1534/genetics.111.128710     Document Type: Article

References (237)

1. Abruzzi, K. C., A. Smith, W. Chen, and F. Solomon, 2002 Protection from free beta-tubulin by the beta-tubulin binding protein Rbl2p. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22: 138-147.
2. Adams, I. R., and J. V. Kilmartin, 1999 Localization of core spindle pole body (SPB) components during SPB duplication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 145: 809-823.
3. Akhmanova, A., and C. C. Hoogenraad, 2005 Microtubule plusend-tracking proteins: mechanisms and functions. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 17: 47-54.
4. Ali, M. Y., H. Lu, C. S. Bookwalter, D. M. Warshaw, and K. M. Trybus, 2008 Myosin V and kinesin act as tethers to enhance each other's processivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 4691-4696.
5. Allingham, J. S., L. R. Sproul, I. Rayment, and S. P. Gilbert, 2007 Vik1 modulates microtubule-Kar3 interactions through a motor domain that lacks an active site. Cell 128: 1161-1172.
6. Anderson, M., J. Haase, E. Yeh, and K. Bloom, 2009 Function and assembly of DNA looping, clustering, and microtubule attachment complexes within a eukaryotic kinetochore. Mol. Biol. Cell 20: 4131-4139.
7. Anderson, V. E., J. Prudden, S. Prochnik, T. H. Giddings Jr., and K. G. Hardwick, 2007 Novel sfi1 alleles uncover additional functions for Sfi1p in bipolar spindle assembly and function. Mol. Biol. Cell 18: 2047-2056.
8. Araki, Y., C. K. Lau, H. Maekawa, S. L. Jaspersen, T. H. Giddings Jr. et al., 2006 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body (SPB) component Nbp1p is required for SPB membrane insertion and interacts with the integral membrane proteins Ndc1p and Mps2p. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 1959-1970.
9. Araki, Y., L. Gombos, S. P. Migueleti, L. Sivashanmugam, C. Antony et al., 2010 N-terminal regions of Mps1 kinase determine functional bifurcation. J. Cell Biol. 189: 41-56.
10. Bachellier-Bassi, S., O. Gadal, G. Bourout, and U. Nehrbass, 2008 Cell cycle-dependent kinetochore localization of condensin complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Struct. Biol. 162: 248-259.
11. Biggins, S., and M. Rose, 1994 Direct interaction between yeast spindle pole body components: Kar1p is required for Cdc31p localization to the spindle pole body. J. Cell Biol. 125: 843-852.
12. Biggins, S., I. Ivanowska, and M. Rose, 1996 Yeast ubiquitin-like genes are involved in duplication of the microtubule organizing center. J. Cell Biol. 133: 1331-1346.
13. Blake-Hodek, K. A., L. Cassimeris, and T. C. Huffaker, 2010 Regulation of microtubule dynamics by Bim1 and Bik1, the budding yeast members of the EB1 and CLIP-170 families of plus-end tracking proteins. Mol. Biol. Cell 21: 2013-2023.
14. Botstein, D., D. Amberg, J. Mulholland, T. Huffaker, A. Adams et al. (Editors), 1997 The Yeast Cytoskeleton. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
15. Bouck, D. C., and K. S. Bloom, 2005 The kinetochore protein Ndc10p is required for spindle stability and cytokinesis in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 5408-5413.
16. Bouck, D. C., and K. Bloom, 2007 Pericentric chromatin is an elastic component of the mitotic spindle. Curr. Biol. 17: 741-748.
17. Bouck, D. C., A. P. Joglekar, and K. S. Bloom, 2008 Design features of a mitotic spindle: balancing tension and compression at a single microtubule kinetochore interface in budding yeast. Annu. Rev. Genet. 42: 335-359.
18. Brachat, A., J. V. Kilmartin, A. Wach, and P. Philippsen, 1998 Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with defective spindle pole body outer plaques accomplish nuclear migration via half-bridge-organized microtubules. Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 977-991.
19. Bratman, S. V., and F. Chang, 2007 Stabilization of overlapping microtubules by fission yeast CLASP. Dev. Cell 13: 812-827.
20. Brinkley, B. R., and E. Stubblefield, 1966 The fine structure of the kinetochore of a mammalian cell in vitro. Chromosoma 19: 28-43.
21. Brittle, A. L., and H. Ohkura, 2005 Mini spindles, the XMAP215 homologue, suppresses pausing of interphase microtubules in Drosophila. EMBO J. 24: 1387-1396.
22. Bullitt, E., M. Rout, J. Kilmartin, and C. Akey, 1997 The yeast spindle pole boby is assembled around a central crystal of Spc42p. Cell 89: 1077-1086.
23. Buvelot, S., S. Y. Tatsutani, D. Vermaak, and S. Biggins, 2003 The budding yeast Ipl1/Aurora protein kinase regulates mitotic spindle disassembly. J. Cell Biol. 160: 329-339.
24. Byers, B., 1981 Mulitple roles of the spindle pole body in the life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pp. 119-133 in Molecular Genetics in Yeast, edited by D. V. Wettstein, A. Stenderup, M. Kielland-Brandt, and J. Friis. Munksgarrd, Copenhagen.
25. Byers, B., and L. Goetsch, 1974 Duplication of spindle plaques and integration of the yeast cell cycle. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 38: 123-131.
26. Byers, B., and L. Goetsch, 1975 Behavior of spindles and spindle plaques in the cell cycle and conjugation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 124: 511-523.
27. Byers, B., K. Shriver, and L. Goetsch, 1978 The role of spindle pole bodies and modified microtubule ends in the initiation of microtubule assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Sci. 30: 331-352.
28. Carvalho, P., J. S. Tirnauer, and D. Pellman, 2003 Surfing on microtubule ends. Trends Cell Biol. 13: 229-237.
29. Carvalho, P., M. L. Gupta Jr., M. A. Hoyt, and D. Pellman, 2004 Cell cycle control of kinesin-mediated transport of Bik1 (CLIP-170) regulates microtubule stability and dynein activation. Dev. Cell 6: 815-829.
30. Castillo, A. R., J. B. Meehl, G. Morgan, A. Schutz-Geschwender, and M. Winey, 2002 The yeast protein kinase Mps1p is required for assembly of the integral spindle pole body component Spc42p. J. Cell Biol. 156: 453-465.
31. Caydasi, A. K., B. Ibrahim, and G. Pereira, 2010a Monitoring spindle orientation: spindle position checkpoint in charge. Cell Div. 5: 28.
32. Caydasi, A. K., B. Kurtulmus, M. I. Orrico, A. Hofmann, B. Ibrahim et al., 2010b Elm1 kinase activates the spindle position checkpoint kinase Kin4. J. Cell Biol. 190: 975-989.
33. Cepeda-Garcia, C., N. Delgehyr, M. A. Ortiz, R. ten Hoopen, A. Zhiteneva et al., 2010 Actin-mediated delivery of astral microtubules instructs Kar9p asymmetric loading to the bud-ward spindle pole. Mol. Biol. Cell 21: 2685-2695.
34. Chee, M. K., and S. B. Haase, 2010 B-cyclin/CDKs regulate mitotic spindle assembly by phosphorylating kinesins-5 in budding yeast. PLoS Genet. 6: e1000935.
35. Cheeseman, I. M., and A. Desai, 2008 Molecular architecture of the kinetochore-microtubule interface. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9: 33-46.
36. Cheeseman, I. M., I. MacLeod, Yates III. J. R., K. Oegema, and A. Desai, 2005 The CENP-F-like proteins HCP-1 and HCP-2 target CLASP to kinetochores to mediate chromosome segregation. Curr. Biol. 15: 771-777.
37. Chen, X. P., H. Yin, and T. C. Huffaker, 1998 The yeast spindle pole body component Spc72p interacts with Stu2p and is required for proper microtubule assembly. J. Cell Biol. 141: 1169-1179.
38. Chial, H. J., M. P. Rout, T. H. Giddings, and M. Winey, 1998 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ndc1p is a shared component of nuclear pore complexes and spindle pole bodies. J. Cell Biol. 143: 1789-1800.
39. Cottingham, F. R., L. Gheber, D. L. Miller, and M. A. Hoyt, 1999 Novel roles for Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic spindle motors. J. Cell Biol. 147: 335-350.
40. D'Ambrosio, C., C. K. Schmidt, Y. Katou, G. Kelly, T. Itoh et al., 2008 Identification of cis-acting sites for condensin loading onto budding yeast chromosomes. Genes Dev. 22: 2215-2227.
41. De Wulf, P., A. D. McAinsh, and P. K. Sorger, 2003 Hierarchical assembly of the budding yeast kinetochore from multiple subcomplexes. Genes Dev. 17: 2902-2921.
42. Dobra, J., R. Vankova, M. Havlova, A. J. Burman, J. Libus et al., 2011 Tobacco leaves and roots differ in the expression of proline metabolism-related genes in the course of drought stress and subsequent recovery. J. Plant Physiol. 168: 1588-1597.
43. Dong, Y., K. J. Vanden Beldt, X. Meng, A. Khodjakov, and B. F. McEwen, 2007 The outer plate in vertebrate kinetochores is a flexible network with multiple microtubule interactions. Nat. Cell Biol. 9: 516-522.
44. Endow, S. A., S. J. Kang, L. L. Satterwhite, M. D. Rose, V. P. Skeen et al., 1994 Yeast Kar3 is a minus-end microtubule motor protein that destabilizes microtubules preferentially at the minus ends. EMBO J. 13: 2708-2713.
45. Eshel, D., L. A. Urrestarazu, S. Vissers, J. C. Jauniaux, J. C. van Vliet-Reedijk et al., 1993 Cytoplasmic dynein is required for normal nuclear segregation in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 11172-11176.
46. Fitch, I., C. Dahmann, U. Surana, A. Amon, K. Nasmyth et al., 1992 Characterization of four B-type cyclin genes of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 3: 805-818.
47. Friedman, D. B., J. W. Kern, B. J. Huneycutt, D. B. Vinh, D. K. Crawford et al., 2001 Yeast Mps1p phosphorylates the spindle pole component Spc110p in the N-terminal domain. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 17958-17967.
48. Gardner, M. K., C. G. Pearson, B. L. Sprague, T. R. Zarzar, K. Bloom et al., 2005 Tension-dependent regulation of microtubule dynamics at kinetochores can explain metaphase congression in yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 3764-3775.
49. Gardner, M. K., D. J. Odde, and K. Bloom, 2007 Hypothesis testing via integrated computer modeling and digital fluorescence microscopy. Methods 41: 232-237.
50. Gardner, M. K., D. C. Bouck, L. V. Paliulis, J. B. Meehl, E. T. O'Toole et al., 2008a Chromosome congression by kinesin-5 motor-mediated disassembly of longer kinetochore microtubules. Cell 135: 894-906.
51. Gardner, M. K., J. Haase, K. Mythreye, J. N. Molk, M. Anderson et al., 2008b The microtubule-based motor Kar3 and plus endbinding protein Bim1 provide structural support for the anaphase spindle. J. Cell Biol. 180: 91-100.
52. Gardner, M. K., D. J. Odde, and K. Bloom, 2008c Kinesin-8 molecular motors: putting the brakes on chromosome oscillations. Trends Cell Biol. 18: 307-310.
53. Gardner, M. K., B. L. Sprague, C. G. Pearson, B. D. Cosgrove, A. D. Bicek et al., 2010 Model convolution: a computational approach to digital image interpretation. Cell. Mol. Bioeng. 3: 163-170.
54. Geiser, J. R., D. van Tuinen, S. E. Brockerhoff, M. M. Neff, and T. N. Davis, 1991 Can calmodulin function without binding calcium? Cell 65: 949-959.
55. Geiser, J., H. Sundberg, B. Chang, E. Muller, and T. Davis, 1993 The essential mitotic target of calmodulin is the 110-kilodalton component of the spindle pore body in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 7913-7924.
56. Geiser, J. R., E. J. Schott, T. J. Kingsbury, N. B. Cole, L. J. Totis et al., 1997 Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes required in the absence of the CIN8-encoded spindle motor act in functionally diverse mitotic pathways. Mol. Biol. Cell 8: 1035-1050.
57. Gerlich, D., T. Hirota, B. Koch, J. M. Peters, and J. Ellenberg, 2006 Condensin I stabilizes chromosomes mechanically through a dynamic interaction in live cells. Curr. Biol. 16: 333-344.
58. Gittes, F., B. Mickey, J. Nettleton, and J. Howard, 1993 Flexural rigidity of microtubules and actin filaments measured from thermal fluctuations in shape. J. Cell Biol. 120: 923-934.
59. Goshima, G., and M. Yanagida, 2000 Establishing biorientation occurs with precocious separation of the sister kinetochores, but not the arms, in the early spindle of budding yeast. Cell 100: 619-633.
60. Goshima, G., and M. Yanagida, 2001 Time course analysis of precocious separation of sister centromeres in budding yeast: Continuously separated or frequently reassociated? Genes Cells 6: 765-773.
61. Greenland, K. B., H. Ding, M. Costanzo, C. Boone, and T. N. Davis, 2010 Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body remodeling factors. PLoS ONE 5: e15426.
62. Grinthal, A., I. Adamovic, B. Weiner, M. Karplus, and N. Kleckner, 2010 PR65, the HEAT-repeat scaffold of phosphatase PP2A, is an elastic connector that links force and catalysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107: 2467-2472.
63. Gruneberg, U., K. Campbell, C. Simpson, J. Grindlay, and E. Schiebel, 2000 Nud1p links astral microtubule organization and the control of exit from mitosis. EMBO J. 19: 6475-6488.
64. Gupta, M. L. Jr., P. Carvalho, D. M. Roof, and D. Pellman, 2006 Plus end-specific depolymerase activity of Kip3, a kinesin-8 protein, explains its role in positioning the yeast mitotic spindle. Nat. Cell Biol. 8: 913-923.
65. Hasse, S. B., M. Winey, and S. I. Reed, 2001 Multi-step control of spindle pole body duplication by cyclin-dependent kinase. Nat. Cell Biol. 3: 38-42.
66. He, X., D. R. Rines, C. W. Espelin, and P. K. Sorger, 2001 Molecular analysis of kinetochore-microtubule attachment in budding yeast. Cell 106: 195-206.
67. Hildebrandt, E. R., and M. A. Hoyt, 2001 Cell cycle-dependent degradation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle motor Cin8p requires APC(Cdh1) and a bipartite destruction sequence. Mol. Biol. Cell 12: 3402-3416.
68. Hirano, T., 2006 At the heart of the chromosome: SMC proteins in action. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 7: 311-322.
69. Hodges, A. R., C. S. Bookwalter, E. B. Krementsova, and K. M. Trybus, 2009 A nonprocessive class V myosin drives cargo processively when a kinesin-related protein is a passenger. Curr. Biol. 19: 2121-2125.
70. Hoepfner, D., A. Brachat, and P. Philippsen, 2000 Time-lapse video microscopy analysis reveals astral microtubule detachment in the yeast spindle pole mutant cnm67. Mol. Biol. Cell 11: 1197-1211.
71. Hoepfner, D., F. Schaerer, A. Brachat, A. Wach, and P. Philippsen, 2002 Reorientation of mispositioned spindles in short astral microtubule mutant spc72Delta is dependent on spindle pole body outer plaque and Kar3 motor protein. Mol. Biol. Cell 13: 1366-1380.
72. Holinger, E. P., W. M. Old, T. H. Giddings Jr., C. Wong, J. R. Yates III. et al., 2009 Budding yeast centrosome duplication requires stabilization of SPC29 via Mps1-mediated phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 12949-12955.
73. Howard, J., and A. A. Hyman, 2003 Dynamics and mechanics of the microtubule plus end. Nature 422: 753-758.
74. Howard, J., and A. A. Hyman, 2009 Growth, fluctuation and switching at microtubule plus ends. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 10: 569-574.
75. Huffaker, T. C., J. H. Thomas, and B. Botstein, 1988 Diverse effects of beta-tubulin mutations on microtubule formation and function. J. Cell Biol. 106: 1997-2010.
76. Huh, W. K., J. V. Falvo, L. C. Gerke, A. S. Carroll, R. W. Howson et al., 2003 Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast. Nature 425: 686-691.
77. Huisman, S. M., M. F. Smeets, and M. Segal, 2007 Phosphorylation of Spc110p by Cdc28p-Clb5p kinase contributes to correct spindle morphogenesis in S. cerevisiae. J. Cell Sci. 120: 435-446.
78. Hwang, E., J. Kusch, Y. Barral, and T. C. Huffaker, 2003 Spindle orientation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on the transport of microtubule ends along polarized actin cables. J. Cell Biol. 161: 483-488.
79. Inoue, S., J. Fuseler, E. D. Salmon, and G. W. Ellis, 1975 Functional organization of mitotic microtubules. Physical chemistry of the in vivo equilibrium system. Biophys. J. 15: 725-744.
80. Jacobs, C. W., A. E. Adams, P. J. Szaniszlo, and J. R. Pringle, 1988 Functions of microtubules in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. J. Cell Biol. 107: 1409-1426.
81. Jaspersen, S. L., and M. Winey, 2004 The budding yeast spindle pole body: structure, duplication, and function. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20: 1-28.
82. Jaspersen, S. L., T. H. Giddings Jr., and M. Winey, 2002 Mps3p is a novel component of the yeast spindle pole body that interacts with the yeast centrin homologue Cdc31p. J. Cell Biol. 159: 945-956.
83. Jaspersen, S. L., B. J. Huneycutt, T. H. Giddings Jr., K. A. Resing, N. G. Ahn et al., 2004 Cdc28/Cdk1 regulates spindle pole body duplication through phosphorylation of Spc42 and Mps1. Dev. Cell 7: 263-274.
84. Jaspersen, S. L., A. E. Martin, G. Glazko, T. H. Giddings Jr., G. Morgan et al., 2006 The Sad1-UNC-84 homology domain in Mps3 interacts with Mps2 to connect the spindle pole body with the nuclear envelope. J. Cell Biol. 174: 665-675.
85. Joglekar, A. P., D. C. Bouck, J. N. Molk, K. S. Bloom, and E. D. Salmon, 2006 Molecular architecture of a kinetochore-microtubule attachment site. Nat. Cell Biol. 8: 581-585.
86. Joglekar, A. P., D. Bouck, K. Finley, X. Liu, Y. Wan et al., 2008 Molecular architecture of the kinetochore-microtubule attachment site is conserved between point and regional centromeres. J. Cell Biol. 181: 587-594.
87. Joglekar, A. P., K. Bloom, and E. D. Salmon, 2009 In vivo protein architecture of the eukaryotic kinetochore with nanometer scale accuracy. Curr. Biol. 19: 694-699.
88. Jokelainen, P. T., 1967 The ultrastructure and spatial organization of the metaphase kinetochore in mitotic rat cells. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 19: 19-44.
89. Jones, M. H., B. J. Huneycutt, C. G. Pearson, C. Zhang, G. Morgan et al., 2005 Chemical genetics reveals a role for Mps1 kinase in kinetochore attachment during mitosis. Curr. Biol. 15: 160-165.
90. Kahana, J. A., G. Schlenstedt, D. M. Evanchuk, J. R. Geiser, M. A. Hoyt et al., 1998 The yeast dynactin complex is involved in partitioning the mitotic spindle between mother and daughter cells during anaphase B. Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 1741-1756.
91. Kammerer, D., L. Stevermann, and D. Liakopoulos, 2010 Ubiquitylation regulates interactions of astral microtubules with the cleavage apparatus. Curr. Biol. 20: 1233-1243.
92. Keck, J. M., M. H. Jones, C. C. L. Wong, J. Binkley, D. Chen et al., 2011 A cell cycle phosphoproteome of the yeast centrosome. Science 332: 1557-1561.
93. Kerssemakers, J. W., E. L. Munteanu, L. Laan, T. L. Noetzel, M. E. Janson et al., 2006 Assembly dynamics of microtubules at molecular resolution. Nature 442: 709-712.
94. Keyes, B. E., and D. J. Burke, 2009 Irc15 Is a microtubule-associated protein that regulates microtubule dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr. Biol. 19: 472-478.
95. Kilmartin, J. V., 2003 Sfi1p has conserved centrin-binding sites and an essential function in budding yeast spindle pole body duplication. J. Cell Biol. 162: 1211-1221.
96. Kilmartin, J. V., S. L. Dyos, D. Kershaw, and J. T. Finch, 1993 A spacer protein in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle poly body whose transcript is cell cycle-regulated. J. Cell Biol. 123: 1175-1184.
97. Klenchin, V. A., J. J. Frye, M. H. Jones, M. Winey, and I. Rayment, 2011 Structure-function analysis of the C-terminal domain of CNM67, a core component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body. J. Biol. Chem. 286: 18240-18250.
98. Knop, M., and E. Schiebel, 1997 Spc98p and Spc97p of the yeast g-tubulin complex mediate binding to the spinde pole body via their interaction with Spc110p. EMBO J. 18: 6985-6995.
99. Knop, M., and E. Schiebel, 1998 Receptors determine the cellular localization of a g-tubulin complex and thereby the site of microtubule formation. EMBO J. 17: 3952-3967.
100. Kollman, J. M., A. Zelter, E. G. Muller, B. Fox, L. M. Rice et al., 2008 The structure of the gamma-tubulin small complex: implications of its architecture and flexibility for microtubule nucleation. Mol. Biol. Cell 19: 207-215.
101. Kollman, J. M., J. K. Polka, A. Zelter, and T. N. Davis, and D. A. Agard, 2010 Microtubule nucleating gTuSC assembles structures with 13-fold microtubule-like symmetry. Nature 466: 879-882.
102. Korinek, W. S., M. J. Copeland, A. Chaudhuri, and J. Chant, 2000 Molecular linkage underlying microtubule orientation toward cortical sites in yeast. Science 287: 2257-2259.
103. Kotwaliwale, C. V., S. B. Frei, B. M. Stern, and S. Biggins, 2007 A pathway containing the Ipl1/aurora protein kinase and the spindle midzone protein Ase1 regulates yeast spindle assembly. Dev. Cell 13: 433-445.
104. Lau, C. K., T. H. Giddings Jr., and M. Winey, 2004 A novel allele of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NDC1 reveals a potential role for the spindle pole body component Ndc1p in nuclear pore assembly. Eukaryot. Cell 3: 447-458.
105. Lee, L., J. S. Tirnauer, J. Li, S. C. Schuyler, J. Y. Liu et al., 2000 Positioning of the mitotic spindle by a cortical-microtubule capture mechanism. Science 287: 2260-2262.
106. Lee, W. L., M. A. Kaiser, and J. A. Cooper, 2005 The offloading model for dynein function: differential function of motor subunits. J. Cell Biol. 168: 201-207.
107. Leisner, C., D. Kammerer, A. Denoth, M. Britschi, Y. Barral et al., 2008 Regulation of mitotic spindle asymmetry by SUMO and the spindle-assembly checkpoint in yeast. Curr. Biol. 18: 1249-1255.
108. Li, S., A. M. Sandercock, P. Conduit, C. V. Robinson, R. L. Williams et al., 2006 Structural role of Sfi1p-centrin filaments in budding yeast spindle pole body duplication. J. Cell Biol. 173: 867-877.
109. Li, Y. Y., E. Yeh, T. Hays, and K. Bloom, 1993 Disruption of mitotic spindle orientation in a yeast dynein mutant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 10096-10100.
110. Liakopoulos, D., J. Kusch, S. Grava, J. Vogel, and Y. Barral, 2003 Asymmetric loading of Kar9 onto spindle poles and microtubules ensures proper spindle alignment. Cell 112: 561-574.
111. Lillie, S. H., and S. S. Brown, 1992 Suppression of a myosin defect by a kinesin-related gene. Nature 356: 358-361.
112. Lillie, S. H., and S. S. Brown, 1994 Immunofluorescence localization of the unconventional myosin, Myo2p, and the putative kinesin-related protein, Smy1p, to the same regions of polarized growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 125: 825-842.
113. Lim, H. H., P. Y. Goh, and U. Surana, 1996 Spindle pole body separation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires dephosphorylation of the tyrosine 19 residue of Cdc28. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 6385-6397.
114. Lin, T. C., L. Gombos, A. Neuner, D. Sebastian, J. V. Olsen et al., 2011 Phosphorylation of the yeast gamma-tubulin Tub4 regulates microtubule function. PLoS ONE 6: e19700.
115. Maddox, P., E. Chin, A. Mallavarapu, E. Yeh, E. D. Salmon et al., 1999 Microtubule dynamics from mating through the first zygotic division in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 144: 977-987.
116. Maddox, P., K. Bloom, and E. D. Salmon, 2000a Polarity and dynamics of microtubule assembly in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat. Cell Biol. 2: 36-41.
117. Maddox, P. S., K. S. Bloom, and E. D. Salmon, 2000b The polarity and dynamics of microtubule assembly in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat. Cell Biol. 2: 36-41.
118. Maddox, P. S., J. K. Stemple, L. Satterwhite, E. D. Salmon, and K. Bloom, 2003 The minus end-directed motor Kar3 is required for coupling dynamic microtubule plus ends to the cortical shmoo tip in budding yeast. Curr. Biol. 13: 1423-1428.
119. Maekawa, H., T. Usui, M. Knop, and E. Schiebel, 2003 Yeast Cdk1 translocates to the plus end of cytoplasmic microtubules to regulate bud cortex interactions. EMBO J. 22: 438-449.
120. Maekawa, H., C. Priest, J. Lechner, G. Pereira, and E. Schiebel, 2007 The yeast centrosome translates the positional information of the anaphase spindle into a cell cycle signal. J. Cell Biol. 179: 423-436.
121. Maiato, H., P. Sampaio, C. L. Lemos, J. Findlay, M. Carmena et al., 2002 MAST/Orbit has a role in microtubule-kinetochore attachment and is essential for chromosome alignment and maintenance of spindle bipolarity. J. Cell Biol. 157: 749-760.
122. Maiato, H., E. A. Fairley, C. L. Rieder, J. R. Swedlow, C. E. Sunkel et al., 2003 Human CLASP1 is an outer kinetochore component that regulates spindle microtubule dynamics. Cell 113: 891-904.
123. Maiato, H., A. Khodjakov, and C. L. Rieder, 2005 Drosophila CLASP is required for the incorporation of microtubule subunits into fluxing kinetochore fibres. Nat. Cell Biol. 7: 42-47.
124. Manning, B. D., J. G. Barrett, J. A. Wallace, H. Granok, and M. Snyder, 1999 Differential regulation of the Kar3p kinesin-related protein by two associated proteins, Cik1p and Vik1p. J. Cell Biol. 144: 1219-1233.
125. Markus, S. M., and W. L. Lee, 2011 Regulated offloading of cytoplasmic Dynein from microtubule plus ends to the cortex. Dev. Cell 20: 639-651.
126. Marschall, L. G., R. L. Jeng, J. Mulholland, and T. Stearns, 1996 Analysis of Tub4p, a yeast g-tubulin-like protein: implications for microtubule-organizing center function. J. Cell Biol. 134: 443-454.
127. Maure, J. F., E. Kitamura, and T. U. Tanaka, 2007 Mps1 kinase promotes sister-kinetochore bi-orientation by a tension-dependent mechanism. Curr. Biol. 17: 2175-2182.
128. McDonald, H. B., and B. Byers, 1997 A proteasome cap subunit required for spindle pole body duplication in yeast. J. Cell Biol. 137: 539-553.
129. McEwen, B. F., and Y. Dong, 2010 Contrasting models for kinetochore microtubule attachment in mammalian cells. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 67: 2163-2172.
130. McMillan, J. N., and K. Tatchell, 1994 The JNM1 gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for nuclear migration and spindle orientation during the mitotic cell cycle. J. Cell Biol. 125: 143-158.
131. Meednu, N., H. Hoops, S. D'Silva, L. Pogorzala, S. Wood et al., 2008 The spindle positioning protein Kar9p interacts with the sumoylation machinery in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 180: 2033-2055.
132. Megee, P. C., C. Mistrot, V. Guacci, and D. Koshland, 1999 The centromeric sister chromatid cohesion site directs Mcd1p binding to adjacent sequences. Mol. Cell 4: 445-450.
133. Melby, T. E., C. N. Ciampaglio, G. Briscoe, and H. P. Erickson, 1998 The symmetrical structure of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and MukB proteins: long, antiparallel coiled coils, folded at a flexible hinge. J. Cell Biol. 142: 1595-1604.
134. Meluh, P. B., and M. D. Rose, 1990 KAR3, a kinesin-related gene required for yeast nuclear fusion. Cell 60: 1029-1041.
135. Miller, R. K., and M. D. Rose, 1998 Kar9p is a novel cortical protein required for cytoplasmic microtubule orientation in yeast. J. Cell Biol. 140: 377-390.
136. Miller, R. K., S.-C. Cheng, and M. D. Rose, 2000 Bim1p/Yeb1p mediates the Kar9p-dependent cortical attachment of cytoplasmic microtubules. Mol. Biol. Cell 11: 2949-2959.
137. Mimori-Kiyosue, Y., I. Grigoriev, H. Sasaki, C. Matsui, A. Akhmanova et al., 2006 Mammalian CLASPs are required for mitotic spindle organization and kinetochore alignment. Genes Cells 11: 845-857.
138. Molk, J. N., and K. Bloom, 2006 Microtubule dynamics in the budding yeast mating pathway. J. Cell Sci. 119: 3485-3490.
139. Montpetit, B., T. R. Hazbun, S. Fields, and P. Hieter, 2006 Sumoylation of the budding yeast kinetochore protein Ndc10 is required for Ndc10 spindle localization and regulation of anaphase spindle elongation. J. Cell Biol. 174: 653-663.
140. Moore, J. K., and J. A. Cooper, 2010 Coordinating mitosis with cell polarity: molecular motors at the cell cortex. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 21: 283-289.
141. Moore, J. K., J. Li, and J. A. Cooper, 2008 Dynactin function in mitotic spindle positioning. Traffic 9: 510-527.
142. Moore, J. K., D. Sept, and J. A. Cooper, 2009a Neurodegeneration mutations in dynactin impair dynein-dependent nuclear migration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 5147-5152.
143. Moore, J. K., M. D. Stuchell-Brereton, and J. A. Cooper, 2009b Function of dynein in budding yeast: mitotic spindle positioning in a polarized cell. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66: 546-555.
144. Morris, J. R., and R. J. Lasek, 1984 Monomer-polymer equilibria in the axon: direct measurement of tubulin and actin as polymer and monomer in axoplasm. J. Cell Biol. 98: 2064-2076.
145. Muller, E. G., B. E. Snydsman, I. Novik, D. W. Hailey, D. R. Gestaut et al., 2005 The organization of the core proteins of the yeast spindle pole body. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 3341-3352.
146. Munoz-Centeno, M. C., S. McBratney, A. Monterrosa, B. Byers, C. Mann et al., 1999 Saccharomyces cerevisiae MPS2 encodes a membrane protein localized at the spindle pole body and the nuclear envelope. Mol. Biol. Cell 10: 2393-2406.
147. Nasmyth, K., and C. H. Haering, 2009 Cohesin: its roles and mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Genet. 43: 525-558.
148. Neuwald, A. F., and T. Hirano, 2000 HEAT repeats associated with condensins, cohesins, and other complexes involved in chromosome-related functions. Genome Res. 10: 1445-1452.
149. Nguyen, T., D. B. Vinh, D. K. Crawford, and T. N. Davis, 1998 A genetic analysis of interactions with Spc110p reveals distinct functions of Spc97p and Spc98p, components of the yeast g-tubulin complex. Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 2201-2216.
150. Onischenko, E., L. H. Stanton, A. S. Madrid, T. Kieselbach, and K. Weis, 2009 Role of the Ndc1 interaction network in yeast nuclear pore complex assembly and maintenance. J. Cell Biol. 185: 475-491.
151. Ortiz, J., C. Funk, A. Schafer, and J. Lechner, 2009 Stu1 inversely regulates kinetochore capture and spindle stability. Genes Dev. 23: 2778-2791.
152. O'Toole, E. T., D. N. Mastronarde, T. H. Giddings Jr., M. Winey, D. J. Burke et al., 1997 Three-dimensional analysis and ultrastructural design of mitotic spindles from the cdc20 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 8: 1-11.
153. O'Toole, E. T., M. Winey, and J. R. McIntosh, 1999 High-voltage electron tomography of spindle pole bodies and early mitotic spindles in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 10: 2017-2031.
154. Page, B. D., L. L. Satterwhite, M. D. Rose, and M. Snyder, 1994 Localization of the Kar3 kinesin heavy chain-related protein requires the Cik1 interacting protein. J. Cell Biol. 124: 507-519.
155. Palmer, R. E., M. Koval, and D. Koshland, 1989 The dynamics of chromosome movement in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 109: 3355-3366.
156. Park, C. J., S. Song, T. H. Giddings Jr., H. S. Ro, K. Sakchaisri et al., 2004 Requirement for Bbp1p in the proper mitotic functions of Cdc5p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 1711-1723.
157. Park, C. J., J. E. Park, T. S. Karpova, N. K. Soung, L. R. Yu et al., 2008 Requirement for the budding yeast polo kinase Cdc5 in proper microtubule growth and dynamics. Eukaryot. Cell 7: 444-453.
158. Pearson, C. G., and K. Bloom, 2004 Dynamic microtubules lead the way for spindle positioning. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5: 481-492.
159. Pearson, C. G., P. S. Maddox, E. D. Salmon, and K. Bloom, 2001 Budding yeast chromosome structure and dynamics during mitosis. J. Cell Biol. 152: 1255-1266.
160. Pearson, C. G., P. S. Maddox, T. R. Zarzar, E. D. Salmon, and K. Bloom, 2003 Yeast kinetochores do not stabilize Stu2p-dependent spindle microtubule dynamics. Mol. Biol. Cell 14: 4181-4195.
161. Pearson, C. G., M. K. Gardner, L. V. Paliulis, E. D. Salmon, D. J. Odde et al., 2006 Measuring nanometer scale gradients in spindle microtubule dynamics using model convolution microscopy. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 4069-4079.
162. Pearson, C. G., D. P. Osborn, T. H. Giddings Jr., P. L. Beales, and M. Winey, 2009 Basal body stability and ciliogenesis requires the conserved component Poc1. J. Cell Biol. 187: 905-920.
163. Pellman, D., M. Bagget, Y. H. Tu, G. R. Fink, and H. Tu, 1995 Two microtubule-associated proteins required for anaphase spindle movement in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 130: 1373-1385.
164. Pereira, G., and E. Schiebel, 2003 Separase regulates INCENPAurora B anaphase spindle function through Cdc14. Science 302: 2120-2124.
165. Pereira, G., M. Knop, and E. Schiebel, 1998 Spc98p directs the yeast gamma-tubulin complex into the nucleus and is subject to cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation on the nuclear side of the spindle pole body. Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 775-793.
166. Pereira, G., U. Gruenberg, M. Knop, and E. Schiebel, 1999 Interaction of the yeast g-tubulin complex-binding protein Spc72p with Kar1p is essential for microtubule function during karyogamy. EMBO J. 18(15): 4180-4195.
167. Pereira, G., T. U. Tanaka, K. Nasmyth, and E. Schiebel, 2001 Modes of spindle pole body inheritance and segregation of the Bfa1p-Bub2p checkpoint protein complex. EMBO J. 20: 6359-6370.
168. Peterson, J. B., and H. Ris, 1976 Electron-microscopic study of the spindle and chromosome movement in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Sci. 22: 219-242.
169. Reck-Peterson, S. L., A. Yildiz, A. P. Carter, A. Gennerich, N. Zhang et al., 2006 Single-molecule analysis of dynein processivity and stepping behavior. Cell 126: 335-348.
170. Ribeiro, S. A., J. C. Gatlin, Y. Dong, A. Joglekar, L. Cameron et al., 2009 Condensin regulates the stiffness of vertebrate centromeres. Mol. Biol. Cell 20: 2371-2380.
171. Robinow, C. F., and J. Marak, 1966 A fiber apparatus in the nucleus of the yeast cell. J. Cell Biol. 29: 129-151.
172. Roof, D. M., P. B. Meluh, and M. D. Rose, 1991 Multiple kinesinrelated proteins in yeast mitosis. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 56: 693-703.
173. Roof, D. M., P. B. Meluh, and M. D. Rose, 1992 Kinesin-related proteins required for assembly of the mitotic spindle. J. Cell Biol. 118: 95-108.
174. Rose, M., and G. Fink, 1987 KAR1, a gene required for function of both intranuclear and extranuclear microtubules in yeast. Cell 48: 1047-1060.
175. Salmon, E. D., 1975 Pressure-induced depolymerization of spindle microtubules. II. Thermodynamics of in vivo spindle assembly. J. Cell Biol. 66: 114-127.
176. Samoshkin, A., A. Arnaoutov, L. E. Jansen, I. Ouspenski, L. Dye et al., 2009 Human condensin function is essential for centromeric chromatin assembly and proper sister kinetochore orientation. PLoS ONE 4: e6831.
177. Santaguida, S., and A. Musacchio, 2009 The life and miracles of kinetochores. EMBO J. 28: 2511-2531.
178. Saunders, W. S., and M. A. Hoyt, 1992 Kinesin-related proteins required for structural integrity of the mitotic spindle. Cell 70: 451-458.
179. Saunders, W., D. Hornack, V. Lengyel, and C. Deng, 1997a The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related motor Kar3p acts at preanaphase spindle poles to limit the number and length of cytoplasmic microtubules. J. Cell Biol. 137: 417-432.
180. Saunders, W., V. Lengyel, and M. A. Hoyt, 1997b Mitotic spindle function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires a balance between different types of kinesin-related motors. Mol. Biol. Cell 8: 1025-1033.
181. Schaerer, F., G. Morgan, M. Winey, and P. Philippsen, 2001 Cnm67p is a spacer protein of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body outer plaque. Mol. Biol. Cell 12: 2519-2533.
182. Schek, H. T. III., M. K. Gardner, J. Cheng, D. J. Odde, and A. J. Hunt, 2007 Microtubule assembly dynamics at the nanoscale. Curr. Biol. 17: 1445-1455.
183. Schiebel, E., 2000 Gamma-tubulin complexes: binding to the centrosome, regulation and microtubule nucleation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 12: 113-118.
184. Schliwa, M., U. Euteneuer, W. Herzog, and K. Weber, 1979 Evidence for rapid structural and functional changes of the melanophore microtubule-organizing center upon pigment movements. J. Cell Biol. 83: 623-632.
185. Schramm, C., S. Elliot, A. Shevchenko, A. Shevchenko, and E. Schiebel, 2000 The Bbp1p/Mps2p complex connects the SPB to the nuclear envelope and is essential for SPB duplication. EMBO J. 19(3): 421-433.
186. Schutz, A. R., and M. Winey, 1998 New alleles of the yeast MPS1 gene reveal multiple requirements in spindle pole body duplication. Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 759-774.
187. Schuyler, S. C., and D. Pellman, 2001 Microtubule "plus-endtracking proteins": the end is just the beginning. Cell 105: 421-424.
188. Segal, M., D. J. Clarke, P. Maddox, E. D. Salmon, K. Bloom et al., 2000 Coordinated spindle assembly and orientation requires Clb5p-dependent kinase in budding yeast. J. Cell Biol. 148: 441-452.
189. Sezen, B., M. Seedorf, and E. Schiebel, 2009 The SESA network links duplication of the yeast centrosome with the protein translation machinery. Genes Dev. 23: 1559-1570.
190. Shaw, S. L., E. Yeh, P. Maddox, E. D. Salmon, and K. Bloom, 1997 Astral microtubule dynamics in yeast: a microtubulebased searching mechanism for spindle orientation and nuclear migration into the bud. J. Cell Biol. 139: 985-994.
191. Sheeman, B., P. Carvalho, I. Sagot, J. Geiser, D. Kho et al., 2003 Determinants of S. cerevisiae dynein localization and activation: implications for the mechanism of spindle positioning. Curr. Biol. 13: 364-372.
192. Shirasu-Hiza, M., P. Coughlin, and T. Mitchison, 2003 Identification of XMAP215 as a microtubule-destabilizing factor in Xenopus egg extract by biochemical purification. J. Cell Biol. 161: 349-358.
193. Slep, K. C., 2010 Structural and mechanistic insights into microtubule end-binding proteins. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 22: 88-95.
194. Soues, S., and I. R. Adams, 1998 SPC72: a spindle plie component required for spindle orientation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Sci. 111: 2809-2818.
195. Spang, A., I. Courtney, K. Grein, M. Matzner, and E. Schiebel, 1995 The Cdc31p-binding protein Kar1p is a component of the half bridge of the yeast spindle pole body. J. Cell Biol. 128: 863-877.
196. Sprague, B. L., C. G. Pearson, P. S. Maddox, K. S. Bloom, E. D. Salmon et al., 2003 Mechanisms of microtubule-based kinetochore positioning in the yeast metaphase spindle. Biophys. J. 84: 3529-3546.
197. Sproul, L. R., D. J. Anderson, A. T. Mackey, W. S. Saunders, and S. P. Gilbert, 2005 Cik1 targets the minus-end kinesin depolymerase kar3 to microtubule plus ends. Curr. Biol. 15: 1420-1427.
198. Stegmeier, F., and A. Amon, 2004 Closing mitosis: the functions of the Cdc14 phosphatase and its regulation. Annu. Rev. Genet. 38: 203-232.
199. Stephens, A. D., J. Haase, L. Vicci, R. M. I. Taylor, and K. Bloom, 2011 Cohesin, condensin, and the intramolecular centromere loop together generate the mitotic chromatin spring. J. Cell Biol. 193: 1-14.
200. Stirling, D., K. Welch, and M. Stark, 1994 Interaction with calmodulin is required for the function of Spc110p, an essential component of the yeast spindle pole body. EMBO J. 13: 4329-4342.
201. Sullivan, D. S., and T. C. Huffaker, 1992 Astral microtubules are not required for anaphase B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 119: 379-388.
202. Sun, G. H., A. Hirata, Y. Ohya, and Y. Anraku, 1992 Mutations in yeast calmodulin cause defects in spindle pole body functions and nuclear integrity. J. Cell Biol. 119: 1625-1639.
203. Sundberg, H. A., L. Goetsch, B. Byers, and T. N. Davis, 1996 Role of calmodulin and Spc110p interaction in the proper assembly of spindle pole body compenents. J. Cell Biol. 133: 111-124.
204. Tanaka, T., J. Fuchs, J. Loidl, and K. Nasmyth, 2000 Cohesin ensures bipolar attachment of microtubules to sister centromeres and resists their precocious separation. Nat. Cell Biol. 2: 492-499.
205. Tirnauer, J. S., E. O'Toole, L. Berrueta, B. E. Bierer, and D. Pellman, 1999 Yeast Bim1p promotes the G1-specific dynamics of microtubules. J. Cell Biol. 145: 993-1007.
206. Tolic-Norrelykke, I. M., 2010 Force and length regulation in the microtubule cytoskeleton: lessons from fission yeast. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 22: 21-28.
207. Ubersax, J. A., E. L. Woodbury, P. N. Quang, M. Paraz, J. D. Blethrow et al., 2003 Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. Nature 425: 859-864.
208. Vallen, E., M. Hiller, T. Scherson, and M. Rose, 1992 Separate domains of KAR1 mediate distinct functions in mitosis and nuclear fusion. J. Cell Biol. 117: 1277-1287.
209. Varga, V., J. Helenius, K. Tanaka, A. A. Hyman, T. U. Tanaka et al., 2006 Yeast kinesin-8 depolymerizes microtubules in a lengthdependent manner. Nat. Cell Biol. 8: 957-962.
210. Vinh, D. B., J. W. Kern, W. O. Hancock, J. Howard, and T. N. Davis, 2002 Reconstitution and characterization of budding yeast gamma-tubulin complex. Mol. Biol. Cell 13: 1144-1157.
211. Visintin, R., S. Prinz, and A. Amon, 1997 CDC20 and CDH1: a family of substrate-specific activators of APC-dependent proteolysis. Science 278: 460-463.
212. Vizeacoumar, F. J., N. van Dyk, F. S. Vizeacoumar, V. Cheung, J. Li et al. 2010 Integrating high-throughput genetic interaction mapping and high-content screening to explore yeast spindle morphogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 188: 69-81.
213. Vogel, J., B. Drapkin, J. Oomen, D. Beach, K. Bloom et al., 2001 Phosphorylation of gamma-tubulin regulates microtubule organization in budding yeast. Dev. Cell 1: 621-631.
214. Wan, X., R. P. O'Quinn, H. L. Pierce, A. P. Joglekar, W. E. Gall et al., 2009 Protein architecture of the human kinetochore microtubule attachment site. Cell 137: 672-684.
215. Wargacki, M. M., J. C. Tay, E. G. Muller, C. L. Asbury, and T. N. Davis, 2010 Kip3, the yeast kinesin-8, is required for clustering of kinetochores at metaphase. Cell Cycle 9: 2581-2588.
216. Weber, S. A., J. L. Gerton, J. E. Polancic, J. L. DeRisi, D. Koshland et al., 2004 The kinetochore is an enhancer of pericentric cohesin binding. PLoS Biol. 2: E260.
217. Weiss, E., and M. Winey, 1996 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body duplication gene MPS1 is part of a mitotic checkpoint. J. Cell Biol. 132: 111-123.
218. Widlund, P. O., J. S. Lyssand, S. Anderson, S. Niessen, J. R. Yates III et al., 2006 Phosphorylation of the chromosomal passenger protein Bir1 is required for localization of Ndc10 to the spindle during anaphase and full spindle elongation. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 1065-1074.
219. Widlund, P. O., J. H. Stear, A. Pozniakovsky, M. Zanic, S. Reber et al., 2011 XMAP215 polymerase activity is built by combining multiple tubulin-binding TOG domains and a basic latticebinding region. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108: 2741-2746.
220. Wigge, P. A., O. N. Jensen, S. Holmes, S. Soues, M. Mann et al., 1998 Analysis of the Saccharomyces spindle pole by matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. J. Cell Biol. 141: 967-977.
221. Winey, M., and B. J. Huneycutt, 2002 Centrosomes and checkpoints: the MPS1 family of kinases. Oncogene 21: 6161-6169.
222. Winey, M., L. Goetsch, P. Baum, and B. Byers, 1991 MPS1 and MPS2: novel yeast genes defining distinct steps of spindle pole body duplication. J. Cell Biol. 114: 745-754.
223. Winey, M., M. A. Hoyt, C. Chan, L. Goetsch, D. Botstein et al., 1993 NDC1: a nuclear periphery component required for yeast spindle pole body duplication. J. Cell Biol. 122: 743-751.
224. Winey, M., C. L. Mamay, E. T. O. Toole, D. N. Mastronarde, T. H. Giddings Jr. et al., 1995 Three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic spindle. J. Cell Biol. 129: 1601-1615.
225. Winey, M., D. Yarar, T. H. Giddings Jr., and D. N. Mastronarde, 1997 Nuclear pore complex number and distribution throughout the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle by three-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of nuclear envelopes. Mol. Biol. Cell 8: 2119-2132.
226. Witkin, K. L., J. M. Friederichs, O. Cohen-Fix, and S. L. Jaspersen, 2010 Changes in the nuclear envelope environment affect spindle pole body duplication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 186: 867-883.
227. Woodruff, J. B., D. G. Drubin, and G. Barnes, 2010 Mitotic spindle disassembly occurs via distinct subprocesses driven by the anaphase-promoting complex, Aurora B kinase, and kinesin-8. J. Cell Biol. 191: 795-808.
228. Yeh, E., R. V. Skibbens, J. W. Cheng, E. D. Salmon, and K. Bloom, 1995 Spindle dynamics and cell cycle regulation of dynein in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 130: 687-700.
229. Yeh, E., J. Haase, L. V. Paliulis, A. Joglekar, L. Bond et al., 2008 Pericentric chromatin is organized into an intramolecular loop in mitosis. Curr. Biol. 18: 81-90.
230. Yin, H., D. Pruyne, T. C. Huffaker, and A. Bretscher, 2000 Myosin V orientates the mitotic spindle in yeast. Nature 406: 1013-1015.
231. Yin, H., L. You, D. Pasqualone, K. M. Kopski, and T. C. Huffaker, 2002 Stu1p is physically associated with beta-tubulin and is required for structural integrity of the mitotic spindle. Mol. Biol. Cell 13: 1881-1892.
232. Yoder, T. J., C. G. Pearson, K. Bloom, and T. N. Davis, 2003 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body is a dynamic structure. Mol. Biol. Cell 14: 3494-3505.
233. Yoder, T. J., M. A. McElwain, S. E. Francis, J. Bagley, E. G. Muller et al., 2005 Analysis of a spindle pole body mutant reveals a defect in biorientation and illuminates spindle forces. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 141-152.
234. Yoshida, S., K. Asakawa, and A. Toh-e, 2002 Mitotic exit network controls the localization of Cdc14 to the spindle pole body in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr. Biol. 12: 944-950.
235. Zeng, X., J. A. Kahana, P. A. Silver, M. K. Morphew, J. R. McIntosh et al., 1999 Slk19p is a centromere protein that functions to stabilize mitotic spindles. J. Cell Biol. 146: 415-425.
236. Zinkowski, R. P., J. Meyne, and B. R. Brinkley, 1991 The centromere-kinetochore complex: a repeat subunit model. J. Cell Biol. 113: 1091-1110.
237. Zizlsperger, N., V. N. Malashkevich, S. Pillay, and A. E. Keating, 2008 Analysis of coiled-coil interactions between core proteins of the spindle pole body. Biochemistry 47: 11858-11868.