Juggling two languages in one mind. What bilinguals tell us about language processing and its consequences for cognition

Psychology of Learning and Motivation - Advances in Research and Theory

Volumn 56, Issue , 2012, Pages 229-262

  Kroll, Judith F ^a   Dussias, Paola E ^a   Bogulski, Cari A ^a   Kroff, Jorge R Valdes ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Aberration; Bilingual; Immigration; Juggling; Monolingualism; Phonology

Indexed keywords

EID: 84855507152     PISSN: 00797421     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394393-4.00007-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (161)

1. Abutalebi J., Annoni J.M., Zimine I., Pegna A.J., Seghier M.L., Lee-Jahnke H., Lazeyras F., Cappa S.F., Khateb A. Language control and lexical competition in bilinguals: An event-related fMRI study. Cerebral Cortex 2008, 18:1496-1505.
2. Abutalebi, J., Cappa, S. F., & Perani, D. (2005). What can functional neuroimaging tell us about the bilingual brain? In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. De Groot (Eds.). Lexical access in bilingual production. Handbook of Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Approaches (pp. 497-515). New York: Oxford University Press.
3. Abutalebi J., Green D. Bilingual language production: The neurocognition of language representation and control. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2007, 20:242-275.
4. Allopenna P.D., Magnuson J.S., Tanenhaus M.K. Tracking the time course of spoken word recognition: Evidence for continuous mapping models. Journal of Memory and Language 1998, 38:419-439.
5. Bajo M.T., Padilla F., Padilla P. Comprehension processes in simultaneous interpreting. Translation in context 2000, 127-142. John Benjamins Publishing, Amsterdam. A. Chesterman, N. Gallardo, Y. Gambier (Eds.).
6. Bates E., Devescovi A., Wulfeck B. Psycholinguistics: A cross-language perspective. Annual Review of Psychology 2001, 52:369-396.
7. Belazi H.M., Rubin E.J., Toribio A.J. Code switching and X-bar theory: The functional head constraint. Linguistic Inquiry 1994, 25:221-237.
8. Bernolet S., Hartsuiker R.J., Pickering M.J. Shared syntactic representations in bilinguals: Evidence for the role of word-order repetition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2007, 33:931-949.
9. Bialystok E. Consequences of bilingualism for cognitive development. Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistics approaches 2005, 417-432. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. J.F. Kroll, A.M.B. de Groot (Eds.).
10. Bialystok E. Global-local and trail-making tasks by monolingual and bilingual children: Beyond inhibition. Developmental Psychology 2010, 46:93-105.
11. Bialystok E., Craik F.I.M., Freedman M. Bilingualism as a protection against the onset of symptoms of dementia. Neuropsychologia 2007, 45:459-464.
12. Bialystok E., Craik F.I.M., Klein R., Viswanathan M. Bilingualism, aging, and cognitive control: Evidence from the Simon task. Psychology and Aging 2004, 19:290-303.
13. Bialystok E., Craik F.I.M., Green D.W., Gollan T.H. Bilingual minds. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2009, 10:89-129.
14. Bialystok E., Craik F.I.M., Ryan J. Executive control in a modified antisaccade task: Effects of aging and bilingualism. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2006, 32:1341-1354.
15. Bialystok E., DePape A.-M. Musical expertise, bilingualism, and executive functioning, Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 2009, 35:565-574.
16. Bialystok E., Feng X. Language proficiency and executive control in proactive interference: Evidence from monolingual and bilingual children and adults. Brain and Language 2009, 109:93-100.
17. Bialystok E., Martin M.M. Attention and inhibition in bilingual children: Evidence from the dimensional change card sort task. Developmental Science 2004, 3:325-339.
18. Bialystok E., Martin M., Viswanathan M. Bilingualism across the lifespan: The rise and fall of inhibitory control. International Journal of Bilingualism 2005, 9:103-119.
19. Bialystok E., Viswanathan M. Components of executive control with advantages for bilingual children in two cultures. Cognition 2009, 112:494-500.
20. Bock J.K. Syntactic persistence in language production. Cognitive Psychology 1986, 18:355-387.
21. Bogulski, C. A., & Kroll, J. F. (in preparation) Vocabulary acquisition and inhibitory control: A paradox of bilingualism or two sides of the same coin?
22. Bosch L., Sebastián-Gallés N. Evidence of early language discrimination abilities in infants from bilingual environments. Infancy 2001, 2:29-49.
23. Burns T.C., Yoshida K.A., Hill K., Werker J.F. The development of phonetic representation in bilingual and monolingual infants. Applied Psycholinguistics 2007, 28:455-474.
24. Carlson S.M., Meltzoff A.M. Bilingual experience and executive functioning in young children. Developmental Science 2008, 11:282-298.
25. Carreiras M., Clifton C. Relative clause interpretation preferences in Spanish and English. Language and Speech 1993, 36:353-372.
26. Carreiras M., Clifton C. Another word on parsing relatives clauses: Eye tracking evidence from Spanish and English. Memory and Cognition 1999, 27:826-833.
27. Carreiras M., Salillas E., Barber H. Event-related potentials elicited during parsing of ambiguous relative clauses in Spanish. Cognitive Brain Research 2004, 20:98-105.
28. Chambers C.G., Cooke H. Lexical competition during second-language listening: sentence context, but not proficiency, constrains interference from the native lexicon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:1029-1040.
29. Christoffels I.K., De Groot A.M.B. Simultaneous interpreting: A cognitive perspective. Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches 2005, 454-479. Oxford University Press, New York. J.F. Kroll, A.M.B. de Groot (Eds.).
30. Christoffels I.K., De Groot A.M.B., Kroll J.F. Memory and language skill in simultaneous interpreting: The role of expertise and language proficiency. Journal of Memory and Language 2006, 54:324-345.
31. Clahsen H., Felser C. Grammatical processing in language learners. Applied Psycholinguistics 2006, 27:3-42.
32. Colomé A. Lexical activation in bilinguals' speech production: language-specific or language-independent?. Journal of Memory and Language 2001, 45:721-736.
33. Colzato L.S., Bajo M.T., Den Wildenberg W., Van Paolieri D., Nieuwenhuis S., La Heij W., et al. How does bilingualism improve executive control? A comparison of active and reactive inhibition mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2008, 34:302-312.
34. Costa A. Lexical access in bilingual production. Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches 2005, 308-325. Oxford University Press, New York. J.F. Kroll, A.M.B. De Groot (Eds.).
35. Costa A., Caramazza A., Sebastián-Gallés N. The cognate facilitation effect: Implications for models of lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2000, 26:1283-1296.
36. Costa A., Hernández M., Costa-Faidella J., Sebastián-Gallés N. On the bilingual advantage in conflict processing: Now you see it, now you don't. Cognition 2009, 113:135-149.
37. Costa A., Hernández M., Sebastián-Gallés N. Bilingualism aids conflict resolution: evidence from the ANT task. Cognition 2008, 106:59-86.
38. Costa A., Miozzo M., Caramazza A. Lexical selection in bilinguals: Do words in the bilingual's two lexicons compete for selection?. Journal of Memory and Language 1999, 41:365-397.
39. Cuetos F., Mitchell D.C. Cross-linguistic differences in parsing: Restrictions on the use of the Late Closure strategy in Spanish. Cognition 1988, 30:73-105.
40. De Groot A.M.B., Delmaar P., Lupker S.J. The processing of interlexical homographs in translation recognition and lexical decision: Support for non-selective access to bilingual memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology 2000, 53A:397-428.
41. Dijkstra T. Bilingual word recognition and lexical access. Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches 2005, 179-201. Oxford University Press, New York. J.F. Kroll, A.M.B. De Groot (Eds.).
42. Dijkstra A., Van Jaarsveld H., Ten Brinke S. Interlingual homograph recognition: Effects of task demands and language intermixing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1998, 1:51-66.
43. Dussias P.E. Syntactic ambiguity resolution in L2 learners: Some effects of bilinguality on LI and L2 processing strategies. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 2003, 25:529-557.
44. Dussias P.E. Spanish-English code-mixing at the Auxiliary Phrase: Evidence from eye-movement data. Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana 2003, 2:7-34.
45. Dussias P.E., Sagarra N. The effect of exposure on syntactic parsing in Spanish-English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2007, 10:101-116.
46. Duyck W., Assche E., Drieghe D., Hartsuiker R.J. Recognition by bilinguals in a sentence context: Evidence for nonselective lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2007, 33:663-679.
47. Eddington D. Spanish gender assignment in an analogical framework. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 2002, 9:49-75.
48. Emmorey K., Borinstein H.B., Thompson R.L., Gollan T.H. Bimodal bilingualism. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2008, 11:43-61.
49. Emmorey K., Luk G., Pyers J.E., Bialystok E. The source of enhanced cognitive control in bilinguals. Psychological Science 2008, 19:1201-1206.
50. Fernández E.M. Bilingual sentence processing: Relative clause attachment in English and Spanish 2003, John Benjamins, Philadelphia.
51. Finkbeiner M., Gollan T., Caramazza A. Bilingual lexical access: What's the (hard) problem?. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2006, 9:153-166.
52. Fishman, Joshua A. The sociology of language: An interdisciplinary approach to language in society 1972, Newbury House, Rowley, MA.
53. Fodor J.A., Bever T.G., Garrett M.F. The psychology of language: An introduction to psycholinguistics and generative grammar 1974, McGraw-Hill Companies.
54. Second language acquisition in a study abroad context 1995, John Benjamins Publishing, Philadelphia. B.F. Freed (Ed.).
55. Garnsey S.M., Pearlmutter N.J., Myers E., Lotocky M.A. The contributions of verb bias and plausibility to the comprehension of temporarily ambiguous sentences. Journal of Memory and Language 1997, 37:58-93.
56. Gennari S.P., MacDonald M.C. Linking production and comprehension processes: The case of relative clauses. Cognition 2009, 111:1-23.
57. Gibson E., Schütze C.T., Salomon A. The relationship between the frequency and the processing complexity of linguistic structure. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 1996, 25:59-92.
58. Glucksberg S., Danks J. Experimental psycholinguistics: An introduction 1974, Erlbaum Publishers, Hillsdale, NJ.
59. Gollan T.H., Acenas L.-A.R. What is a TOT? Cognate and translation effects on tip-of-the-tongue states in Spanish-English and Tagalog-English bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2004, 30:246-269.
60. Gollan T.H., Forster K.I., Frost R. Translation priming with different scripts: Masked priming with cognates and noncognates in Hebrew-English bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1997, 23:1122-1139.
61. Gollan T.H., Montoya R.I., Cera C., Sandoval T.C. More use almost always means a smaller frequency effect: Aging, bilingualism, and the weaker links hypothesis. Journal of Memory and Language 2008, 58:787-814.
62. Gollan T.H., Montoya R.I., Fennema-Notestine C., Morris S.K. Bilingualism affects picture naming but not picture classification. Memory and Cognition 2005, 33:1220-1234.
63. Gollan T.H., Montoya R.I., Werner G. Semantic and letter fluency in Spanish-English bilinguals. Neuropsychology 2002, 16:562-576.
64. Green C.S., Pouget A., Bavelier D. Improved probabilistic inference as a general learning mechanism with action video games. Current Biology 2010, 20:1573-1579.
65. Green D. Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1998, 1:67-81.
66. Grosjean F. Neurolinguists, beware! The bilingual is not two monolinguals in one person. Brain and Language 1989, 36:3-15.
67. Gumperz J. Conversational code switching. Discourse strategies 1982, 59-99. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. J. Gumperz (Ed.).
68. Guo T., Liu H., Misra M., Kroll J.F. Local and global inhibition in bilingual word production: fMRI evidence from Chinese-English bilinguals. NeuroImage 2011, 56:2300-2309.
69. Hahne A., Friederici A.D. Processing a second language: late learners' comprehension mechanisms as revealed by event-related brain potentials. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2001, 4:123-142.
70. Hartsuiker R.J., Pickering M.J., Veltkamp E. Is syntax separate or shared between languages?. Psychological Science 2004, 15:409-414.
71. Hasegawa M., Carpenter P.A., Just M.A. An fMRI study of bilingual sentence comprehension and workload. Neuroimage 2002, 15:647-660.
72. Hermans D., Bongaerts T., De Bot K., Schreuder R. Producing words in a foreign language: Can speakers prevent interference from their first language?. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1998, 1:213-229.
73. Hernandez A.E., Li P., MacWhinney B. The emergence of competing modules in bilingualism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2005, 9:220-225.
74. Hoshino N., Kroll J.F. Cognate effects in picture naming: Does cross-language activation survive a change of script?. Cognition 2008, 106:501-511.
75. Ibáñez A.J., Macizo P., Bajo M.T. Language access and language selection in professional translators. Acta Psychologica 2010, 135:257-266.
76. Jake J.L., Myers-Scotton C., Gross S. Making a minimalist approach to codeswitching work: Adding the matrix language. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2002, 5:69-91.
77. Jared D., Kroll J.F. Do bilinguals activate phonological representations in one or both of their languages when naming words?. Journal of Memory and Language 2001, 44:2-31.
78. Jared D., Szucs C. Phonological activation in bilinguals: Evidence from interlingual homograph naming. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2002, 5:225-239.
79. Jiang N. Testing processing explanations for the asymmetry in masked cross-language priming. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1999, 2:59-75.
80. Johnson J.S., Newport E.L. Critical period effects in second language learning: the influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology 1989, 21:60-99.
81. Ju M., Luce P.A. Falling on sensitive ears: Constraints on bilingual lexical activation. Psychological Science 2004, 15:314-318.
82. Kachru B.B. Code-mixing as a communicative strategy in India. International dimensions of bilingual education 1978, 107-124. Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. J.E. Alatis (Ed.).
83. Kaushanskaya M., Marian V. Bilingualism reduces native-language interference during novel-word learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:829-835.
84. Kaushanskaya M., Marian V. The bilingual advantage in novel word learning. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 2009, 16:705-710.
85. Kovács A.M., Mehler J. Cognitive gains in 7-month-old bilingual infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009, 106:6556-6560.
86. Kroll J.F., Bobb S.C., Misra M.M., Guo T. Language selection in bilingual speech: Evidence for inhibitory processes. Acta Psychologica 2008, 128:416-430.
87. Kroll J.F., Bobb S., Wodniecka Z. Language selectivity is the exception, not the rule: Arguments against a fixed locus of language selection in bilingual speech. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2006, 9:119-135.
88. Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches. 2005, Oxford University Press, New York.
89. Kroll J.F., Michael E., Tokowicz N., Dufour R. The development of lexical fluency in a second language. Second Language Research 2002, 18:137-171.
90. Kroll J.F., Stewart E. Category interference in translation and picture naming: Evidence for asymmetric connections between bilingual memory representations. Journal of Memory and Language 1994, 33:149-174.
91. Kuhl P.K., Stevens E., Hayashi A., Deguchi T., Kiritani S., Iverson P. Infants show a facilitation effect for native language phonetic perception between 6 and 12 months. Developmental science 2006, 9:F13-F21.
92. Lagrou E., Hartsuiker R.J., Duyck W. Knowledge of a second language influences auditory word cognition in the native language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2011, 37:952-965.
93. La Heij W. Selection processes in monolingual and bilingual lexical access. Handbook of Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Approaches 2005, 289-307. Oxford University Press, New York. J.F. Kroll, A.M.B. De Groot (Eds.).
94. La Heij W., Bruyn E., De Elens E., Hartsuiker R., Helaha D. Orthographic facilitation and categorical interference in a word-translation variant of the stroop task. Canadian Journal of Psychology 1990, 44:76-83.
95. Leeser M., Prieta R. Paper presented at the 8th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Parsing strategies of Spanish-Basque and Spanish-Valencian bilinguals 2011.
96. Levy B.J., McVeigh N.D., Marful A., Anderson M.C. Inhibiting your native language: The role of retrieval-induced forgetting during second language acquisition. Psychological Science 2007, 18:29-34.
97. Lew-Williams C., Fernald A. Young children learning Spanish make rapid use of grammatical gender in spoken word recognition. Psychological Science 2007, 18:193-198.
98. Libben M.R., Titone D.A. Bilingual lexical access in context: Evidence from eye movements during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:381-390.
99. Linck J.A., Kroll J.F., Sunderman G. Losing access to the native language while immersed in a second language: Evidence for the role of inhibition in second language learning. Psychological Science 2009, 20:1507-1515.
100. Lipski J.M. No sé sono puedo decir, you know. Selected proceedings of the Second Workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics 2005, 1-15. Cascadilla Press, Somerville, MA. L. Sayahi, M. Westmoreland (Eds.).
101. Loebell H., Bock K. Structural priming across languages. Linguistics 2003, 41:791-824.
102. MacDonald M.C., Pearlmutter N.J., Seidenberg M.S. The lexical nature of syntactic ambiguity resolution. Psychological Review 1994, 89:483-506.
103. MacDonald M.C., Pearlmutter N.J., Seidenberg M.S. Syntactic ambiguity resolution as lexical ambiguity resolution. Perspectives on sentence processing 1994, 123-153. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ. C. Clifton, L. Frazier, K. Rayner (Eds.).
104. MacDonald M.C., Seidenberg M.S. Constraint satisfaction accounts of lexical and sentence comprehension. Handbook of psycholinguistics 2006, 581-611. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 2nd ed. M.J. Traxler, M.A. Gernsbacher (Eds.).
105. MacDonald M.C., Thornton R. When language comprehension reflects production constraints: Resolving ambiguities with the help of past experience. Memory and Cognition 2009, 37:1177-1186.
106. Macizo P., Bajo M.T. Reading for repetition and reading for translation: Do they involve the same processes?. Cognition 2006, 99:1-34.
107. Macizo P., Bajo M.T. Comprehension processes in translation. Improving the production and understanding of written documents in the workplace 2007, Elsevier, Amsterdam. D. Alamargot, P. Terrier, J. Cellier (Eds.).
108. MacSwan J. The architecture of the bilingual language faculty: Evidence from intrasentential code switching. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2000, 3:37-54.
109. MacWhinney B. A unified model of language acquisition. Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches 2005, 49-67. Oxford University Press, New York. J.F. Kroll, A.M.B. De Groot (Eds.).
110. Malt B.C., Sloman S.A. Linguistic diversity and object naming by non-native speakers of English. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2003, 6:47-67.
111. Marian V., Spivey M. Bilingual and monolingual processing of competing lexical items. Applied Psycholinguistics 2003, 24:173-193.
112. Martin-Rhee M.M., Bialystok E. The development of two types of inhibitory control in monolingual and bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2008, 11:81-93.
113. Mechelli A., Crinion J.T., Noppeney U., O'Doherty J., Ashburner J., Frackowiak R.S.K., Price C.J. Structural plasticity in the bilingual brain: Proficiency in a second language and age at acquisition affect grey-matter density. Nature 2004, 431:757.
114. Meuter R.F.I., Allport A. Bilingual language switching in naming: asymmetrical costs of language selection. Journal of Memory and Language 1999, 40:25-40.
115. Midgley K.J., Holcomb P.J., Grainger J. Masked repetition and translation priming in second language learners: A window on the time-course of form and meaning activation using ERPs. Psychophysiology 2009, 46:551-565.
116. Miller N.A., Kroll J.F. Stroop effects in bilingual translation. Memory and Cognition 2002, 30:614-628.
117. Milroy L. Social Network and Linguistic Focusing. Sociolinguistic Variation in Speech Communities 1982, 141-152. E. Arnold, London. S. Romaine (Ed.).
118. Misra, M., Guo, T., Bobb, S. C., & Kroll, J. F. (under review) When bilinguals choose a single word to speak: Electrophysiological evidence for global inhibition in bilingual word production.
119. Miyake A., Friedman N.P., Emerson M.J., Witzki A.H., Howerter A., Wager T.D. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex " Frontal Lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology 2000, 41:49-100.
120. Morford J.P., Wilkinson E., Villwock A., Piñar P., Kroll J.F. When deaf signers read English: Do written words activate their sign translations?. Cognition 2011, 118:286-292.
121. Muysken P. Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing 2000, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
122. Myers-Scotton C. Social motivations for codeswitching: Evidence from Africa 1993, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
123. Myers-Scotton C. Contact linguistics: Bilingual encounters and grammatical outcomes 2002, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
124. Myers-Scotton C., Jake J.L. Explaining aspects of code switching and their implications. One mind, two languages: Bilingual language processing 2001, 84-116. Blackwell, Oxford. J.L. Nicol (Ed.).
125. Nazzi T., Bertoncini J., Mehler J. Language discrimination by newborns: Toward an understanding of the role of rhythm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1998, 24:756-766.
126. st linguistic symposium on romance languages. An adaptive approach to noun gender in New York contact Spanish 2003, 209-229.
127. Papagno C., Vallar G. Verbal short-term memory and vocabulary learning in polyglots. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 1995, 48A:98-107.
128. Philipp A.M., Gade M., Koch I. Inhibitory processes in language switching? Evidence from switching language-defined response sets. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2007, 19:395-416.
129. Philipp A.M., Koch I. Inhibition in language switching: What is inhibited when switching among languages in naming tasks?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:1187-1195.
130. Pienemann M., Di Base B., Kawaguchi S., Håkansson G. Processing constraints on L1 transfer. Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches 2005, 128-153. Oxford University Press, New York. J.F. Kroll, A.M.B. De Groot (Eds.).
131. Piske T., MacKay I.R.A., Flege J.E. Factors affecting the degree of foreign accent in an L2: A review. Journal of Phonetics 2001, 29:191-215.
132. Poplack S. Sometimes I'll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en español: Toward a typology of code switching. Linguistics 1980, 18:581-618.
133. Poulisse N. Slips of the tongue: Speech errors in first and second language production 1999, John Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
134. Prior A., MacWhinney B. A bilingual advantage in task switching. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2010, 13:253-262.
135. Schmid M.S. Languages at play: The relevance of L1 attrition to the study of bilingualism. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2010, 13:1-7.
136. Schwartz A.I., Kroll J.F. Bilingual lexical activation in sentence context. Journal of Memory and Language 2006, 55:197-212.
137. Schwartz A.I., Kroll J.F., Diaz M. Reading words in Spanish and English: Mapping orthography to phonology in two languages. Language and Cognitive Processes 2007, 22:106-129.
138. Schweizer, T. A., Ware, J., Fischer, C. E., Craik, F. I. M., & Bialystok, E. (in press) Bilingualism as a contributor to cognitive reserve: Evidence from brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex.
139. Sebastián-Gallés N., Bosch L. Developmental shift in the discrimination of vowel contrasts in bilingual infants: Is the distributional account all there is to it?. Developmental Science 2009, 12:874-887.
140. Singh R. We, they, and us: A note on code switching and stratification in North India. Language in Society 1983, 12:71-73.
141. Steinhauer K., White E.J., Drury J.E. Temporal dynamics of late second language acquisition: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Second Language Research 2009, 25:13-41.
142. Sundara M., Polka L., Genesee F. Language experience facilitates discrimination of/d- ∂/in monolingual and bilingual acquisition of English. Cognition 2006, 100:186-199.
143. Tanenhaus M.K., Spivey-Knowlton M.J., Eberhard K.M., Sedivy J.C. Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension. Science 1995, 268:1632-1634.
144. Thierry G., Wu Y.J. Brain potentials reveal unconscious translation during foreign language comprehension. Proceeding of National Academy of Sciences 2007, 104:12530-12535.
145. Tokowicz N., MacWhinney B. Implicit and explicit measures of sensitivity to violations in second language grammar. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 2005, 27:173-204.
146. Trueswell J.C., Tanenhaus M.K., Kello C. Verb-specific constraints in sentence processing: Separating effects of lexical preferences from garden-paths. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1993, 19:528-553.
147. Van Assche E., Dreighe D., Duyck W., Welvaert M., Hartsuiker R.J. The influence of semantic constraints on bilingual word recognition during sentence reading. Journal of Memory and Language 2011, 64:88-107.
148. Van Assche E., Duyck W., Hartsuiker R.J., Diependaele K. Does bilingualism change native-language reading?. Cognate effects in a sentence context. Psychological Science 2009, 20:923-927.
149. Valdés Kroff, J. R., Guzzardo Tamargo, R. E., Dussias, P. E., Gerfen, C., & Gullifer, J. (2008). Grammatical gender in processing of Spanish-English code-switches: A visual world study. Poster session presented at the 21st CUNY Conference on Human Sentence Processing, Chapel Hill, NC.
150. Valdés Kroff J.R., Dussias P.E., Gerfen C., Guzzardo Tamargo R.E., Coffman D.L., Gullifer J. Paper presented at the 8th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Costly integration of code-switched utterances: When code switching becomes a language switching task 2011.
151. Van Hell J.G., Mahn A.C. Keyword mnemonics versus rote rehearsal: Learning concrete and abstract foreign words by experienced and inexperienced learners. Language Learning 1997, 47:507-546.
152. Van Hell J.G., De Groot A.M.B. Sentence context modulates visual word recognition and translation in bilinguals. Acta Psychologica 2008, 128:431-451.
153. Van Hell J.G., Dijkstra T. Foreign language knowledge can influence native language performance in exclusively native contexts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2002, 9:780-789.
154. Van Heuven W.J.B., Schriefers H., Dijkstra Ton, Hagoort P. Language conflict in the bilingual brain. Cerebral Cortex 2008, 18:2706-2716.
155. Vigliocco G., Hartsuiker R.J., Jarema G., Kolk H.H.J. One or more labels on the bottles? Notional concord in Dutch and French. Language and Cognitive Processes 1996, 11:407-442.
156. Von Studnitz R., Green D.W. Interlingual homograph interference in German-English bilinguals: Its modulation and locus of control. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2002, 5:1-23.
157. Van Wijnendaele I., Brysbaert M. Visual word recognition in bilinguals: Phonological priming from the second to the first language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2002, 3:619-627.
158. Weber A., Cutler A. Lexical competition in non-native spoken-word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language 2004, 50:1-25.
159. Weber-Fox C., Neville H.J. Maturational constraints on functional specializations for language processing: ERP and behavioral evidence in bilingual speakers. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1996, 8:231-256.
160. Witzel, J., Witzel, N., & Nicol, J. (in press). Deeper than shallow: Evidence for structure-based parsing biases in L2 sentence processing. Applied Psycholinguistics.
161. Wu Y., Thierry G. Chinese-English bilinguals reading English hear Chinese. The Journal of Neuroscience 2010, 30:7646-7651.