The multiple roles of the CD8 coreceptor in T cell biology: Opportunities for the selective modulation of self-reactive cytotoxic T cells

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Volumn 90, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1089-1099

  Laugel, Bruno ^a   Cole, David K ^a   Clement, Mathew ^a   Wooldridge, Linda ^a   Price, David A ^a   Sewell, Andrew K ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antigenic response; Autoimmunity; Tolerance

Indexed keywords

CD8 ANTIGEN; HOMODIMER; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR;

ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL SELECTION; CELL SURFACE; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HASHIMOTO DISEASE; HYBRIDOMA CELL CULTURE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; NONHUMAN; PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CLEAVAGE; REVIEW; TARGET CELL; THYMUS; TISSUE INJURY; TUMOR ASSOCIATED LEUKOCYTE; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANIMALS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ANTIGENS, CD8; EPITOPES, T-LYMPHOCYTE; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS CLASS I; HLA ANTIGENS; HUMANS; IMMUNE TOLERANCE; INTRACELLULAR FLUID; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC;

EID: 82555161664     PISSN: 07415400     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0611316     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Swain, S. L. (1983) T cell subsets and the recognition of MHC class. Immunol. Rev. 74, 129-142.
2. Janeway Jr., C. A. (1992) The T cell receptor as a multicomponent signalling machine: CD4/CD8 coreceptors and CD45 in T cell activation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 10, 645-674.
3. Ledbetter, J. A., Seaman, W. E., Tsu, T. T., Herzenberg, L. A. (1981) Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 antigens are on two different polypeptide subunitslinked by disulfide bonds. Relationship of subunits to T cell cytolytic activity. J. Exp. Med. 153, 1503-1516.
4. Norment, A. M., Littman, D. R. (1988) A second subunit of CD8 is expressed in human T cells. EMBO J. 7, 3433-3439.
5. Terry, L. A., DiSanto, J. P., Small, T. N., Flomenberg, N. (1990) Differential expression and regulation of the human CD8 α and CD8 β chains. Tissue Antigens 35, 82-91.
6. Gangadharan, D., Cheroutre, H. (2004) The CD8 isoform CD8αα is not a functional homologue of the TCR co-receptor CD8αα. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 16, 264-270.
7. Gibbings, D., Befus, A. D. (2009) CD4 and CD8: an inside-out coreceptor model for innate immune cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 86, 251-259.
8. Leishman, A. J., Naidenko, O. V., Attinger, A., Koning, F., Lena, C. J., Xiong, Y., Chang, H. C., Reinherz, E., Kronenberg, M., Cheroutre, H. (2001) T cell responses modulated through interaction between CD8αα and the nonclassical MHC class I molecule, TL. Science 294, 1936-1939.
9. Nakayama, E., Shiku, H., Stockert, E., Oettgen, H. F., Old, L. J. (1979) Cytotoxic T cells: Lyt phenotype and blocking of killing activity by Lyt antisera. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 1977-1981.
10. Kappler, J., Kubo, R., Haskins, K., Hannum, C., Marrack, P., Pigeon, M., McIntyre, B., Allison, J., Trowbridge, I. (1983) The major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen receptor on T cells in mouse and man: identification of constant and variable peptides. Cell 35, 295-302.
11. Hedrick, S. M., Cohen, D. I., Nielsen, E. A., Davis, M. M. (1984) Isolation of cDNA clones encoding T cell-specific membrane-associated proteins. Nature 308, 149-153.
12. Hedrick, S. M., Nielsen, E. A., Kavaler, J., Cohen, D. I., Davis, M. M. (1984) Sequence relationships between putative T-cell receptor polypeptides and immunoglobulins. Nature 308, 153-158.
13. Bjorkman, P. J., Saper, M. A., Samraoui, B., Bennett, W. S., Strominger, J. L., Wiley, D. C. (1987) Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2. Nature 329, 506-512.
14. Bjorkman, P. J., Saper, M. A., Samraoui, B., Bennett, W. S., Strominger, J. L., Wiley, D. C. (1987) The foreign antigen binding site and T cell recognition regions of class I histocompatibility antigens. Nature 329, 512-518.
15. Townsend, A. R., Rothbard, J., Gotch, F. M., Bahadur, G., Wraith, D., McMichael, A. J. (1986) The epitopes of influenza nucleoprotein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be defined with short synthetic peptides. Cell 44, 959-968.
16. Veillette, A., Bookman, M. A., Horak, E. M., Bolen, J. B. (1988) The CD4 and CD8 T cell surface antigens are associated with the internal membrane tyrosine-protein kinase p56lck. Cell 55, 301-308.
17. Smith-Garvin, J. E., Koretzky, G. A., Jordan, M. S. (2009) T cell activation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 27, 591-619.
18. Norment, A. M., Salter, R. D., Parham, P., Engelhard, V. H., Littman, D. R. (1988) Cell-cell adhesion mediated by CD8 and MHC class I molecules. Nature 336, 79-81.
19. Salter, R. D., Benjamin, R. J., Wesley, P. K., Buxton, S. E., Garrett, T. P., Clayberger, C., Krensky, A. M., Norment, A. M., Littman, D. R., Parham, P. (1990) A binding site for the T-cell co-receptor CD8 on the α 3 domain of HLA-A2. Nature 345, 41-46.
20. Salter, R. D., Norment, A. M., Chen, B. P., Clayberger, C., Krensky, A. M., Littman, D. R., Parham, P. (1989) Polymorphism in the α 3 domain of HLA-A molecules affects binding to CD8. Nature 338, 345-347.
21. Wang, R., Natarajan, K., Margulies, D. H. (2009) Structural basis of the CD8 α β/MHC class I interaction: focused recognition orients CD8 α to a T cell proximal position. J. Immunol. 183, 2554-2564.
22. Wyer, J. R., Willcox, B. E., Gao, G. F., Gerth, U. C., Davis, S. J., Bell, J. I., van der Merwe, P. A., Jakobsen, B. K. (1999) T cell receptor and coreceptor CD8 αα bind peptide-MHC independently and with distinct kinetics. Immunity 10, 219-225.
23. Gakamsky, D. M., Luescher, I. F., Pramanik, A., Kopito, R. B., Lemonnier, F., Vogel, H., Rigler, R., Pecht, I. (2005) CD8 kinetically promotes ligand binding to the T-cell antigen receptor. Biophys. J. 89, 2121-2133.
24. Laugel, B., van den Berg, H. A., Gostick, E., Cole, D. K., Wooldridge, L., Boulter, J., Milicic, A., Price, D. A., Sewell, A. K. (2007) Different T cell receptor affinity thresholds and CD8 coreceptor dependence govern cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation and tetramer binding properties. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 23799-23810.
25. Wooldridge, L., van den Berg, H. A., Glick, M., Gostick, E., Laugel, B., Hutchinson, S. L., Milicic, A., Brenchley, J. M., Douek, D. C., Price, D. A., Sewell, A. K. (2005) Interaction between the CD8 coreceptor and major histocompatibility complex class I stabilizes T cell receptor-antigen complexes at the cell surface. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 27491-27501.
26. Van der Merwe, P. A., Davis, S. J. (2003) Molecular interactions mediating T cell antigen recognition. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21, 659-684.
27. Artyomov, M. N., Lis, M., Devadas, S., Davis, M. M., Chakraborty, A. K. (2010) CD4 and CD8 binding to MHC molecules primarily acts to enhance Lck delivery. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 16916-16921.
28. Purbhoo, M. A., Boulter, J. M., Price, D. A., Vuidepot, A. L., Hourigan, C. S., Dunbar, P. R., Olson, K., Dawson, S. J., Phillips, R. E., Jakobsen, B. K., Bell, J. I., Sewell, A. K. (2001) The human CD8 coreceptor effects cytotoxic T cell activation and antigen sensitivity primarily by mediating complete phosphorylation of the T cell receptor _ chain. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 32786-32792.
29. Takada, S., Engleman, E. G. (1987) Evidence for an association between CD8 molecules and the T cell receptor complex on cytotoxic T cells. J. Immunol. 139, 3231-3235.
30. Beyers, A. D., Spruyt, L. L., Williams, A. F. (1992) Molecular associations between the T-lymphocyte antigen receptor complex and the surface antigens CD2, CD4, or CD8 and CD5. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 2945-2949.
31. Suzuki, S., Kupsch, J., Eichmann, K., Saizawa, M. K. (1992) Biochemical evidence of the physical association of the majority of CD3 α chains with the accessory/co-receptor molecules CD4 and CD8 on nonactivated T lymphocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 22, 2475-2479.
32. Gallagher, P. F., Fazekas de St Groth, B., Miller, J. F. (1989) CD4 and CD8 molecules can physically associate with the same T-cell receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 10044-10048.
33. Arcaro, A., Gregoire, C., Boucheron, N., Stotz, S., Palmer, E., Malissen, B., Luescher, I. F. (2000) Essential role of CD8 palmitoylation in CD8 coreceptor function. J. Immunol. 165, 2068-2076.
34. Arcaro, A., Gregoire, C., Bakker, T. R., Baldi, L., Jordan, M., Goffin, L., Boucheron, N., Wurm, F., van der Merwe, P. A., Malissen, B., Luescher, I. F. (2001) CD8α endows CD8 with efficient coreceptor function by coupling T cell receptor/CD3 to raft-associated CD8/p56(lck) complexes. J. Exp. Med. 194, 1485-1495.
35. Doucey, M. A., Goffin, L., Naeher, D., Michielin, O., Baumgartner, P., Guillaume, P., Palmer, E., Luescher, I. F. (2003) CD3 α establishes a functional link between the T cell receptor and CD8. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 3257-3264.
36. Mallaun, M., Naeher, D., Daniels, M. A., Yachi, P. P., Hausmann, B., Luescher, I. F., Gascoigne, N. R., Palmer, E. (2008) The T cell receptor's α-chain connecting peptide motif promotes close approximation of the CD8 coreceptor allowing efficient signal initiation. J. Immunol. 180, 8211-8221.
37. Naeher, D., Luescher, I. F., Palmer, E. (2002) A role for the α-chain connecting peptide motif in mediating TCR-CD8 cooperation. J. Immunol. 169, 2964-2970.
38. Schilham, M. W., Fung-Leung, W. P., Rahemtulla, A., Kuendig, T., Zhang, L., Potter, J., Miller, R. G., Hengartner, H., Mak, T. W. (1993) Alloreactive cytotoxic T cells can develop and function in mice lacking both CD4 and CD8. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 1299-1304.
39. Demotte, N., Stroobant, V., Courtoy, P. J., Van Der Smissen, P., Colau, D., Luescher, I. F., Hivroz, C., Nicaise, J., Squifflet, J. L., Mourad, M., Godelaine, D., Boon, T., van der Bruggen, P. (2008) Restoring the association of the T cell receptor with CD8 reverses anergy in human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunity 28, 414-424.
40. Yachi, P. P., Ampudia, J., Gascoigne, N. R., Zal, T. (2005) Nonstimulatory peptides contribute to antigen-induced CD8-T cell receptor interaction at the immunological synapse. Nat. Immunol. 6, 785-792.
41. Yachi, P. P., Ampudia, J., Zal, T., Gascoigne, N. R. (2006) Altered peptide ligands induce delayed CD8-T cell receptor interaction-a role for CD8 in distinguishing antigen quality. Immunity 25, 203-211.
42. Jiang, N., Huang, J., Edwards, L. J., Liu, B., Zhang, Y., Beal, C. D., Evavold, B. D., Zhu, C. (2011) Two-stage cooperative T cell receptorpeptide major histocompatibility complex-CD8 trimolecular interactions amplify antigen discrimination. Immunity 34, 13-23.
43. Thome, M., Germain, V., DiSanto, J. P., Acuto, O. (1996) The p56lck SH2 domain mediates recruitment of CD8/p56lck to the activated T cell receptor/CD3/ α complex. Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 2093-2100.
44. van der Merwe, P. A., Cordoba, S. P. (2011) Late arrival: recruiting coreceptors to the T cell receptor complex. Immunity 34, 1-3.
45. Anikeeva, N., Lebedeva, T., Clapp, A. R., Goldman, E. R., Dustin, M. L., Mattoussi, H., Sykulev, Y. (2006) Quantum dot/peptide-MHC biosensors reveal strong CD8-dependent cooperation between self and viral antigens that augment the T cell response. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 16846-16851.
46. MacDonald, H. R., Thiernesse, N., Cerottini, J. C. (1981) Inhibition of T cellmediated cytolysis by monoclonal antibodies directed against Lyt-2: heterogeneity of inhibition at the clonal level. J. Immunol. 126, 1671-1675.
47. MacDonald, H. R., Glasebrook, A. L., Cerottini, J. C. (1982) Clonal heterogeneity in the functional requirement for Lyt-2/3 molecules on cytolytic T lymphocytes: analysis by antibody blocking and selective trypsinization. J. Exp. Med. 156, 1711-1722.
48. Daniels, M. A., Jameson, S. C. (2000) Critical role for CD8 in T cell receptor binding and activation by peptide/major histocompatibility complex multimers. J. Exp. Med. 191, 335-346.
49. Denkberg, G., Cohen, C. J., Reiter, Y. (2001) Critical role for CD8 in binding of MHC tetramers to TCR: CD8 antibodies block specific binding of human tumor-specific MHC-peptide tetramers to TCR. J. Immunol. 167, 270-276.
50. Holman, P. O., Walsh, E. R., Jameson, S. C. (2005) Characterizing the impact of CD8 antibodies on class I MHC multimer binding. J. Immunol. 174, 3986-3991.
51. Wooldridge, L., Hutchinson, S. L., Choi, E. M., Lissina, A., Jones, E., Mirza, F., Dunbar, P. R., Price, D. A., Cerundolo, V., Sewell, A. K. (2003) Anti-CD8 antibodies can inhibit or enhance peptide-MHC class I (pMHCI) multimer binding: this is paralleled by their effects on CTL activation and occurs in the absence of an interaction between pMHCI and CD8 on the cell surface. J. Immunol. 171, 6650-6660.
52. Wooldridge, L., Scriba, T. J., Milicic, A., Laugel, B., Gostick, E., Price, D. A., Phillips, R. E., Sewell, A. K. (2006) Anti-coreceptor antibodiesprofoundly affect staining with peptide-MHC class I and class II tetramers. Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 1847-1855.
53. Tomonari, K., Spencer, S. (1990) Epitope-specific binding of CD8 regulates activation of T cells and induction of cytotoxicity. Int. Immunol. 2, 1189-1194.
54. Clement, M., Ladell, K., Ekeruche-Makinde, J., Miles, J. J., Edwards, E. S., Dolton, G., Williams, T., Schauenburg, A. J., Cole, D. K., Lauder, S. N., Gallimore, A. M., Godkin, A. J., Burrows, S. R., Price, D. A., Sewell, A. K., Wooldridge, L. (2011) Anti-CD8 antibodies can trigger CD8 α T cell effector function in the absence of TCR engagement and improve peptide-MHCI tetramer staining. J. Immunol. 187, 654-663.
55. Potter, T. A., Rajan, T. V., Dick II, R. Bluestone, J. A FSubstitution at residue 227 of H-2 class I molecules abrogates recognition by CD8-dependent, but not CD8-independent, cytotoxic T lymphocytes 337, 73-75.
56. Cho, B. K., Lian, K. C., Lee, P., Brunmark, A., McKinley, C., Chen, J., Kranz, D. M., Eisen, H. N. (2001) Differences in antigen recognition and cytolytic activity of CD8(+) and CD8(-) T cells that express the same antigen-specific receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 1723-1727.
57. Renard, V., Romero, P., Vivier, E., Malissen, B., Luescher, I. F. (1996) CD8 β increases CD8 coreceptor function and participation in TCRligand binding. J. Exp. Med. 184, 2439-2444.
58. Maroun, C. R., Julius, M. (1994) Distinct roles for CD4 and CD8 as coreceptors in T cell receptor signalling. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 959-966.
59. al-Ramadi, B. K., Jelonek, M. T., Boyd, L. F., Margulies, D. H., Bothwell, A. L. (1995) Lack of strict correlation of functional sensitization with the apparent affinity of MHC/peptide complexes for the TCR. J. Immunol. 155, 662-673.
60. Couedel, C., Bodinier, M., Peyrat, M. A., Bonneville, M., Davodeau, F., Lang, F. (1999) Selection and long-term persistence of reactive CTL clones during an EBV chronic response are determined by avidity, CD8 variable contribution compensating for differences in TCR affinities. J. Immunol. 162, 6351-6358.
61. Kerry, S. E., Buslepp, J., Cramer, L. A., Maile, R., Hensley, L. L., Nielsen, A. I., Kavathas, P., Vilen, B. J., Collins, E. J., Frelinger, J. A. (2003) Interplay between TCR affinity and necessity of coreceptor ligation: high-affinity peptide-MHC/TCR interaction overcomes lack of CD8 engagement. J. Immunol. 171, 4493-4503.
62. Holler, P. D., Holman, P. O., Shusta, E. V., O'Herrin, S., Wittrup, K. D., Kranz, D. M. (2000) In vitro evolution of a T cell receptor with high affinity for peptide/MHC. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 5387-5392.
63. Holler, P. D., Kranz, D. M. (2003) Quantitative analysis of the contribution of TCR/pepMHC affinity and CD8 to T cell activation. Immunity 18, 255-264.
64. Wooldridge, L., Laugel, B., Ekeruche, J., Clement, M., van den Berg, H. A., Price, D. A., Sewell, A. K. (2010) CD8 controls T cell cross-reactivity. J. Immunol. 185, 4625-4632.
65. Laugel, B., Price, D. A., Milicic, A., Sewell, A. K. (2007) CD8 exerts differential effects on the deployment of cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector functions. Eur. J. Immunol. 37, 905-913.
66. Stone, J. D., Aggen, D. H., Chervin, A. S., Narayanan, S., Schmitt, T. M., Greenberg, P. D., Kranz, D. M. (2011) Opposite effects of endogenous peptide-MHC class I on T cell activity in the presence and absence of CD8. J. Immunol. 186, 5193-5200.
67. Hakim, F. T., Gress, R. E. (2007) Immunosenescence: deficits in adaptive immunity in the elderly. Tissue Antigens 70, 179-189.
68. Huesmann, M., Scott, B., Kisielow, P., von Boehmer, H. (1991) Kinetics and efficacy of positive selection in the thymus of normal and T cell receptor transgenic mice. Cell 66, 533-540.
69. Kappler, J. W., Roehm, N., Marrack, P. (1987) T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus. Cell 49, 273-280.
70. Werlen, G., Hausmann, B., Naeher, D., Palmer, E. (2003) Signaling life and death in the thymus: timing is everything. Science 299, 1859-1863.
71. Van Laethem, F., Sarafova, S. D., Park, J. H., Tai, X., Pobezinsky, L., Guinter, T. I., Adoro, S., Adams, A., Sharrow, S. O., Feigenbaum, L., Singer, A. (2007) Deletion of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors permits generation of αβ T cells that recognize antigens independently of the MHC. Immunity 27, 735-750.
72. Fung-Leung, W. P., Schilham, M. W., Rahemtulla, A., Kundig, T. M., Vollenweider, M., Potter, J., van Ewijk, W., Mak, T. W. (1991) CD8 is needed for development of cytotoxic T cells but not helper T cells. Cell 65, 443-449.
73. Fung-Leung, W. P., Kundig, T. M., Zinkernagel, R. M., Mak, T. W. (1991) Immune response against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice without CD8 expression. J. Exp. Med. 174, 1425-1429.
74. Zhang, X. L., Zhao, S., Borenstein, S. H., Liu, Y., Jayabalasingham, B., Chamberlain, J. W. (2001) CD8 expression up to the double-positive CD3(low/intermediate) stage of thymic differentiation is sufficient for development of peripheral functional cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 194, 685-693.
75. _ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 171, 427-437.
76. Alam, S. M., Travers, P. J., Wung, J. L., Nasholds, W., Redpath, S., Jameson, S. C., Gascoigne, N. R. (1996) T-cell-receptor affinity and thymocyte positive selection. Nature 381, 616-620.
77. Naeher, D., Daniels, M. A., Hausmann, B., Guillaume, P., Luescher, I., Palmer, E. (2007) A constant affinity threshold for T cell tolerance. J. Exp. Med. 204, 2553-2559.
78. Bosselut, R., Kubo, S., Guinter, T., Kopacz, J. L., Altman, J. D., Feigenbaum, L., Singer, A. (2000) Role of CD8 α domains in CD8 coreceptor function: importance for MHC I binding, signaling, and positive selection of CD8α T cells in the thymus. Immunity 12, 409-418.
79. Palmer, E., Naeher, D. (2009) Affinity threshold for thymic selection through a T-cell receptor-co-receptor zipper. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9, 207-213.
80. Bäckström, B. T., Muller, U., Hausmann, B., Palmer, E. (1998) Positive selection through a motif in the αβ T cell receptor. Science 281, 835-838.
81. Singer, A., Adoro, S., Park, J. H. (2008) Lineage fate and intense debate: myths, models and mechanisms of CD4-versus CD8-lineage choice. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8, 788-801.
82. Wilkinson, B., Kaye, J. (2001) Requirement for sustained MAPK signaling in both CD4 and CD8 lineage commitment: a threshold model. Cell. Immunol. 211, 86-95.
83. Yasutomo, K., Doyle, C., Miele, L., Fuchs, C., Germain, R. N. (2000) The duration of antigen receptor signalling determines CD4+ versus CD8- T-cell lineage fate. Nature 404, 506-510.
84. Bosselut, R., Guinter, T. I., Sharrow, S. O., Singer, A. (2003) Unraveling a revealing paradox: why major histocompatibility complex I-signaled thymocytes paradoxically appear as CD4_8lo transitional cells during positive selection of CD8+T cells. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1709-1719.
85. Brugnera, E., Bhandoola, A., Cibotti, R., Yu, Q., Guinter, T. I., Yamashita, Y., Sharrow, S. O., Singer, A. (2000) Coreceptor reversal in the thymus: signaled CD4+8+ thymocytes initially terminate CD8 transcription even when differentiating into CD8+ T cells. Immunity 13, 59-71.
86. Cawthon, A. G., Alexander-Miller, M. A. (2002) Optimal colocalization of TCR and CD8 as a novel mechanism for the control of functional avidity. J. Immunol. 169, 3492-3498.
87. Daniels, M. A., Devine, L., Miller, J. D., Moser, J. M., Lukacher, A. E., Altman, J. D., Kavathas, P., Hogquist, K. A., Jameson, S. C. (2001) CD8 binding to MHC class I molecules is influenced by T cell maturation and glycosylation. Immunity 15, 1051-1061.
88. Moody, A. M., Chui, D., Reche, P. A., Priatel, J. J., Marth, J. D., Reinherz, E. L. (2001) Developmentally regulated glycosylation of the CD8αα coreceptor stalk modulates ligand binding. Cell 107, 501-512.
89. Demotte, N., Colau, D., Ottaviani, S., Godelaine, D., Van Pel, A., Boon, T., van der Bruggen, P. (2002) A reversible functional defect of CD8 α T lymphocytes involving loss of tetramer labeling. Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 1688-1697.
90. Zhang, L., Fung-Leung, W., Miller, R. G. (1995) Down-regulation of CD8 on mature antigen-reactive T cells as a mechanism of peripheral tolerance. J. Immunol. 155, 3464-3471.
91. Park, J. H., Adoro, S., Lucas, P. J., Sarafova, S. D., Alag, A. S., Doan, L. L., Erman, B., Liu, X., Ellmeier, W., Bosselut, R., Feigenbaum, L., Singer, A. (2007) "Coreceptor tuning": cytokine signals transcriptionally tailor CD8 coreceptor expression to the self-specificity of the TCR. Nat. Immunol. 8, 1049-1059.
92. Surh, C. D., Sprent, J. (2008) Homeostasis of naive and memory T cells. Immunity 29, 848-862.
93. Kienzle, N., Buttigieg, K., Groves, P., Kawula, T., Kelso, A. (2002) A clonal culture system demonstrates that IL-4 induces a subpopulation of noncytolytic T cells with low CD8, perforin, and granzyme expression. J. Immunol. 168, 1672-1681.
94. Kienzle, N., Olver, S., Buttigieg, K., Groves, P., Janas, M. L., Baz, A., Kelso, A. (2005) Progressive differentiation and commitment of CD8 α T cells to a poorly cytolytic CD8low phenotype in the presence of IL-4. J. Immunol. 174, 2021-2029.
95. Apte, S. H., Baz, A., Groves, P., Kelso, A., Kienzle, N. (2008) Interferon-_ and interleukin-4 reciprocally regulate CD8 expression in CD8+ T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 17475-17480.
96. Xiao, Z., Mescher, M. F., Jameson, S. C. (2007) Detuning CD8 T cells: down-regulation of CD8 expression, tetramer binding, and response during CTL activation. J. Exp. Med. 204, 2667-2677.
97. Demotte, N., Wieers, G., Van Der Smissen, P., Moser, M., Schmidt, C. W., Thielemans, K., Squifflet, J. L., Weynand, B., Carrasco, J., Lurquin, C., Courtoy, P. J., van der Bruggen, P. (2010) A galectin-3 ligand corrects the impaired function of human CD4 and CD8 tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes and favors tumor rejection in mice. Cancer Res. 70, 7476-7488.
98. Price, D. A., Brenchley, J. M., Ruff, L. E., Betts, M. R., Hill, B. J., Roederer, M., Koup, R. A., Migueles, S. A., Gostick, E., Wooldridge, L., Sewell, A. K., Connors, M., Douek, D. C. (2005) Avidity for antigen shapes clonal dominance in CD8+ T cell populations specific for persistent DNA viruses. J. Exp. Med. 202, 1349-1361.
99. Wang, Q., Strong, J., Killeen, N. (2001) Homeostatic competition among T cells revealed by conditional inactivation of the mouse Cd4 gene. J. Exp. Med. 194, 1721-1730.
100. Zhang, D. J., Wang, Q., Wei, J., Baimukanova, G., Buchholz, F., Stewart, A. F., Mao, X., Killeen, N. (2005) Selective expression of the Cre recombinase in late-stage thymocytes using the distal promoter of the Lck gene. J. Immunol. 174, 6725-6731.
101. Cole, D. K., Rizkallah, P. J., Boulter, J. M., Sami, M., Vuidepot, A. L., Glick, M., Gao, F., Bell, J. I., Jakobsen, B. K., Gao, G. F. (2007) Computational design and crystal structure of an enhanced affinity mutant human CD8 αα coreceptor. Proteins 67, 65-74.
102. Sewell, A. K., Gerth, U. C., Price, D. A., Purbhoo, M. A., Boulter, J. M., Gao, G. F., Bell, J. I., Phillips, R. E., Jakobsen, B. K. (1999) Antagonism of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation by soluble CD8. Nat. Med. 5, 399-404.
103. Choksi, S., Jameson, B. A., Korngold, R. (1998) A structure-based approach to designing synthetic CD8 peptides that can inhibit cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. Nat. Med. 4, 309-314.
104. Kern, P., Hussey, R. E., Spoerl, R., Reinherz, E. L., Chang, H. C. (1999) Expression, purification, and functional analysis of murine ectodomain fragments of CD8αα and CD8αβ dimers. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 27237-27243.
105. Cole, D. K., Edwards, E. S., Wynn, K. K., Clement, M., Miles, J. J., Ladell, K., Ekeruche, J., Gostick, E., Adams, K. J., Skowera, A., Peakman, M., Wooldridge, L., Price, D. A., Sewell, A. K. (2010) Modification of MHC anchor residues generates heteroclitic peptides that alter TCR binding and T cell recognition. J. Immunol. 185, 2600-2610.
106. Cole, D. K., Pumphrey, N. J., Boulter, J. M., Sami, M., Bell, J. I., Gostick, E., Price, D. A., Gao, G. F., Sewell, A. K., Jakobsen, B. K. (2007) Human TCR-binding affinity is governed by MHC class restriction. J. Immunol. 178, 5727-5734.
107. Chen, J. L., Stewart-Jones, G., Bossi, G., Lissin, N. M., Wooldridge, L., Choi, E. M., Held, G., Dunbar, P. R., Esnouf, R. M., Sami, M., Boulter, J. M., Rizkallah, P., Renner, C., Sewell, A., van der Merwe, P. A., Jakobsen, B. K., Griffiths, G., Jones, E. Y., Cerundolo, V. (2005) Structural and kinetic basis for heightened immunogenicity of T cell vaccines. J. Exp. Med. 201, 1243-1255.
108. Davis-Harrison, R. L., Armstrong, K. M., Baker, B. M. (2005) Two different T cell receptors use different thermodynamic strategies to recognize the same peptide/MHC ligand. J. Mol. Biol. 346, 533-550.
109. Ding, Y. H., Baker, B. M., Garboczi, D. N., Biddison, W. E., Wiley, D. C. (1999) Four A6-TCR/peptide/HLA-A2 structures that generate very different T cell signals are nearly identical. Immunity 11, 45-56.
110. Laugel, B., Boulter, J. M., Lissin, N., Vuidepot, A., Li, Y., Gostick, E., Crotty, L. E., Douek, D. C., Hemelaar, J., Price, D. A., Jakobsen, B. K., Sewell, A. K. (2005) Design of soluble recombinant T cell receptors for antigen targeting and T cell inhibition. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 1882-1892.
111. Nejentsev, S., Howson, J. M., Walker, N. M., Szeszko, J., Field, S. F., Stevens, H. E., Reynolds, P., Hardy, M., King, E., Masters, J., Hulme, J., Maier, L.M., Smyth, D., Bailey, R., Cooper, J. D., Ribas, G., Campbell, R. D., Clayton, D. G., Todd, J. A. (2007) Localization of type 1 diabetes susceptibility to the MHC class I genes HLA-B and HLA-A. Nature 450, 887-892.
112. Harbo, H. F., Lie, B. A., Sawcer, S., Celius, E. G., Dai, K. Z., Oturai, A., Hillert, J., Lorentzen, A. R., Laaksonen, M., Myhr, K. M., Ryder, L. P., Fredrikson, S., Nyland, H., Sorensen, P. S., Sandberg-Wollheim, M., Andersen, O., Svejgaard, A., Edland, A., Mellgren, S. I., Compston, A., Vartdal, F., Spurkland, A. (2004) Genes in the HLA class I region may contribute to the HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Tissue Antigens 63, 237-247.
113. Faustman, D. L., Davis, M. (2009) The primacy of CD8 T lymphocytes in type 1 diabetes and implications for therapies. J. Mol. Med. 87, 1173-1178.
114. Wong, F. S., Siew, L. K., Wen, L. (2008) CD8+ T-cells and their interaction with other cells in damage to islet β-cells. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 36, 316-320.
115. Skowera, A., Ellis, R. J., Varela-Calvino, R., Arif, S., Huang, G. C., Van-Krinks, C., Zaremba, A., Rackham, C., Allen, J. S., Tree, T. I., Zhao, M., Dayan, C. M., Sewell, A. K., Unger, W. W., Drijfhout, J. W., Ossendorp, F., Roep, B. O., Peakman, M. (2008) CTLs are targeted to kill β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes through recognition of a glucose-regulated preproinsulin epitope. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 3390-3402.
116. Friese, M. A., Fugger, L. (2009) Pathogenic CD8(+) T cells in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 66, 132-141.
117. van den Boorn, J. G., Konijnenberg, D., Dellemijn, T. A., van der Veen, J. P., Bos, J. D., Melief, C. J., Vyth-Dreese, F. A., Luiten, R. M. (2009) Autoimmune destruction of skin melanocytes by perilesional T cells from vitiligo patients. J. Invest. Dermatol. 129, 2220-2232.
118. Darnell, R. B., Posner, J. B. (2003) Paraneoplastic syndromes involving the nervous system. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1543-1554.
119. Walter, U., Santamaria, P. (2005) CD8+ T cells in autoimmunity. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17, 624-631.
120. Dinarello, C. A. (2010) Anti-inflammatory agents: present and future. Cell 140, 935-950.
121. Rammohan, K. W., Shoemaker, J. (2010) Emerging multiple sclerosis oral therapies. Neurology 74 (Suppl. 1), S47-S53.
122. Steward-Tharp, S. M., Song, Y. J., Siegel, R. M., O'Shea, J. J. (2010) New insights into T cell biology and T cell-directed therapy for autoimmunity, inflammation, and immunosuppression. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1183, 123-148.