Advanced vectors for gene delivery

Current Drug Therapy

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 251-262

  Hirlekar, Rajashree ^a   Jagtap, Pramod ^a   Kadam, Vilasrao ^a  

^a BHARATI VIDYAPEETH S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY   (India)

Author keywords

Efficiency; Gene delivery; Nonviral; Transfection; Vector; Viral

Indexed keywords

1,2 DIOLEOYL 3 TRIMETHYLAMMONIOPROPANE; BIODEGRADABLE NANOPARTICLE; CHITOSAN; CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE; COPOLYMER; DENDRIMER; DENDRIPLEX; DIDODECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; DIMETHYLDIOCTADECYLAMMONIUM; DNA; GOLD NANOPARTICLE; HYPERBRANCHED POLYSILOXYSILANE; LIPOPLEX; LIPOSOME; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE; NANOPARTICLE; POLYAMIDOAMINE; POLYETHYLENEIMINE; POLYLYSINE; POLYMER; POLYPLEX; POLYSACCHARIDE; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE; RNA; SILICA NANOPARTICLE; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRUS VECTOR;

BACTERIAL CELL; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BIODEGRADABILITY; COLLOID; CONJUGATION; DNA VECTOR; FREEZE DRYING; GENE VECTOR; GENETIC ENGINEERING; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFLAMMATION; LIPOSOMAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; MICROBUBBLE; NANODEVICE; NONHUMAN; NONVIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 82055198505     PISSN: 15748855     EISSN: 10657630     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157488511798109600     Document Type: Review

References (162)

1. Bertram J. The molecular biology of cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2000; 21(6): 167-223.
2. Aminetzach YT, Macpherson JM, Petrov DA. Pesticide resistance via transposition mediated adaptive gene truncation in drosophila. Science 2005; 309(5735): 764-72.
3. Burrus V, Waldor M. Shaping bacterial genomes with integrative and conjugative elements. Res Microbiol 2004, 155(5): 376-86.
4. Schaffer DV, Lauffenburge DA. Targeted synthetic gene delivery vectors. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2000; 2: 155-61.
5. Francis GE, Delgado C. Drug targeting strategies and principles and applications. 2nd ed. Humana Press 2000.
6. Tuschl T. RNA interference and small interfering RNAs. Chem Bio Chem 2001; 2: 239-245.
7. Yamamoto A, Kormann M, Rosenecker J, Rudolph, C. Current prospects for mRNA gene delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71: 484-89.
8. Fajaca I, Grossea S, Collombetb JM, et al. Recombinant Escherichia coli as a gene delivery vector into airway epithelial cells. J Control Release 2004; 97: 371-81.
9. Babiuk S, Babiuk LA. Delivery of DNA vaccines using electroporation. Methods Mol Med 2006; 127: 73-82.
10. Aslan H, Zilberman Y, Arbeli V, et al. Nucleofection based ex vivo nonviral gene delivery to human stem cells as a platform for tissue regeneration. Tissue Eng 2006; 12: 877-89.
11. Verma IM, Somia N. Gene therapy-promises, problems and prospects. Nature 1997; 389(6648): 239-42.
12. Klinka D, Schindelhauerb D, Lanerc A, et al. Gene delivery systems-gene therapy vectors for cystic fibrosis. J Cystic Fibrosis 2004; 3: 203-12.
13. Itaka K, Kataoka K. Recent development of nonviral gene delivery systems with virus like structures and mechanisms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71: 475-83.
14. Prasad PN. Introduction of Biophotonics. 2nd ed. Wiley Interscience. New Jersey 2006.
15. Leong KW, Mao HQ, Truong-Le VL, Roy K, Walsh SM, August JT. DNA-polycation nanospheres as non-viral gene delivery vehicles. J Control Release 1998; 53: 183-93.
16. Anwer K, Meaney C, Kao G, et al. Cationic lipid based delivery system for systemic cancer gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2000; 7(8): 1156-64.
17. De Jong G, Telenius A, Vanderbyl S, Meitz A, Drayer J. Efficient in-vitro transfer of a 60-Mb mammalian artificial chromosome into murine and hamster cells using cationic lipids and dendrimers. Chromosome Res 2001; 9(6): 475-85.
18. Liu F, Shollenberger LM, Huang L. Non-immunostimulatory nonviral vectors. FASEB J 2004; 18: 1779-81.
19. Brunori M, Malerba M, Kashiwazaki H, Iggo R. Replicating adenoviruses that target tumors with constitutive activation of the signaling pathway. J Virol 2001; 75: 2857-65.
20. McCormick F. Cancer gene therapy: fringe or cutting edge. Nat Rev Cancer 2001; 1: 130-141.
21. Katragadda CS, Choudhury PK, Murthy PN. Nanoparticles as nonviral gene delivery vectors. Indian J Pharm Educ Res 2010; 44(2): 109-11.
22. Park JS, Nab K, Woo DJ, et al. Non-viral gene delivery of DNA polyplexed with nanoparticles transfected into human mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 124-32.
23. Luo D, Han E, Belcheva N, Saltzman WM. A self-assembled modular DNA delivery system mediated by silica nanoparticles. J Control Release 2004; 95: 333-40.
24. Kneuer C, Sameti M, Haltner EG, et al. Silica nanoparticles modified with aminosilanes as carriers for plasmid DNA. Int J Pharm 2000; 196: 257-61.
25. Sameti M, Bohr G, Kneuer C, et al. Stabilisation by freeze-drying of cationically modified silica nanoparticles for gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2003; 266: 51-60.
26. Choi EW, Koo HC, Shin S, et al. Preventive and therapeutic effects of gene therapy using silica nanoparticles-binding of GM-CSF gene on white blood cell production in dogs with leukopenia. Exp Hematol 2008; 36: 1091-97.
27. Park IY, Kima IY, Yoo MK, et al. Mannosylated polyethylenimine coupled mesoporous silica nanoparticles for receptor-mediated gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2008; 359: 280-87.
28. Suwalski A, Dabboue H, Delalande A, et al. Accelerated Achilles tendon healing by PDGF gene delivery with mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 5237-45.
29. Klejbor I, Stachowiak EK, Bharali DJ, et al. ORMOSIL nanoparticles as a non-viral gene delivery vector for modeling polyglutamine induced brain pathology. J Neurosci Meth 2007; 165: 230-43.
30. Bhattarai SR, Muthuswamy E, Wani A, et al. Enhanced gene and siRNA delivery by polycation modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with chloroquine. Pharm Res 2010; 27(12): 2556-68.
31. Kim WJ, Bonoiua AC, Hayakawac T, et al. Hyperbranched polysiloxysilane nanoparticles: Surface charge control of nonviral gene delivery vectors and nanoprobes. Int J Pharm 2009; 376: 141-52.
32. Rojanarata T, Petchsangsai M, Opanasopit P, et al. Methylated N- (4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan for novel effective gene carriers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70: 207-14.
33. Teijeiro-Osorio D, Remunan-Lopez C, Alonso MJ. Chitosan/ cyclodextrin nanoparticles can efficiently transfect the airway epithelium in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71: 257-63.
34. Du YZ, Lu P, Zhou JP, Yuan H, Hua FO. Stearic acid grafted chitosan oligosaccharide micelle as a promising vector for gene delivery system: Factors affecting the complexation. Int J Pharm 2010; 391: 260-66.
35. Csaba N, Koping-Hoggard M, Alonso MJ. Ionically crosslinked chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles for oligonucleotide and plasmid DNA delivery. Int J Pharm 2009; 382: 205-14.
36. Zhou X, Zhang X, Yu X, et al. The effect of conjugation to gold nanoparticles on the ability of low molecular weight chitosan to transfer DNA vaccine. Biomaterials 2008; 29: 111-17.
37. Cheonga SJ, Lee CM, Kim SL, et al. Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles-loaded chitosan-linoleic acid nanoparticles as an effective hepatocyte-targeted gene delivery system. Int J Pharm 2009; 372: 169-76.
38. Green JJ, Zhou BY, Mitalipov MM, et al. Nanoparticles for gene transfer to human embryonic stem cell colonies. Nano Lett 2008; 8(10): 3126-30.
39. Nguyen J, Reul R, Betz T, et al. Nanocomposites of lung surfactant and biodegradable cationic nanoparticles improve transfection efficiency to lung cells. J Control Release 2009; 140: 47-54.
40. Maheshwari A, Mahato RI, Gregor MC, et al. Soluble biodegradable polymer-based cytokine gene delivery for cancer treatment. Gene Ther 2002; 9: 1075-84.
41. Li Z, Ning W, Wang J, et al. Controlled gene delivery system based on thermosensitive biodegradable hydrogel. Pharma Research 2003; 20(6): 884-88.
42. Katragadd CS, Choudhury PK, Murthy PN. Nanoparticles as nonviral gene delivery vectors. Indian J Pharm Educ Res 2010; 44(2): 109-20.
43. Medeirosa SF, Santosa AM, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Stimuliresponsive magnetic particles for biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 2011; 1(2):139-61.
44. Scherer F, Anton M, Schillinger U, et al. Magnetofection: enhancing and targeting gene delivery by magnetic force in vitro and in vivo. Gene Ther 2002; 9: 102-09.
45. Galuppo LD, Kamau SW, Steitz B, et al. Gene expression in synovial membrane cells after intra articular delivery of plasmid linked superparamagnetic iron oxide particles-a preliminary study in sheep. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2006; 6: 2841-52.
46. Xenariou S, Griesenbach U, Ferrari S, et al. Using magnetic forces to enhance non-viral gene transfer to airway epithelium in vivo. Gene Ther 2006; 13: 1545-52.
47. Pan X, Guan J, Yoo J, et al. Cationic lipid-coated magnetic nanoparticles associated with transferrin for gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2008; 358: 263-70.
48. Kamei K, Mukai Y, Kojima H, et al. Direct cell entry of gold/ironoxide magnetic nanoparticles in adenovirus mediated gene delivery. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 1809-14.
49. Tang Q, Zhang D, Cong X, Wan M, Jin L. Using thermal energy produced by irradiation of Mn-Zn ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MZF-NPs) for heat-inducible gene expression. Biomaterials 2008; 29: 2673-79.
50. Song HP, Yang JY, Lo SL, et al. Gene transfer using selfassembled ternary complexes of cationic magnetic nanoparticles, plasmid DNA and cell-penetrating Tat Peptide. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 769-78.
51. Ang D, Nguyen QV, Kayal S, et al. Insights into the mechanism of magnetic particle assisted gene delivery. Acta Biomaterialia 2011; 7(3): 1319-26.
52. Bhattarai SR, Kim SY, Jang KY, et al. Laboratory formulated magnetic nanoparticles for enhancement of viral gene expression in suspension cell line. J Virological Methods 2008; 147: 213-18.
53. Bhattarai SR, Kim SY, Jang KY, et al. N-hexanoyl chitosanstabilized magnetic nanoparticles: enhancement of adenoviralmediated gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. Nanomedicine: Nanotecnology, Biology and Medicine 2008; 4: 146-54.
54. Sun C, Lee J, Zhang M. Magnetic nanoparticles in MR imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60: 1252-65.
55. Harris TJ, Green JJ, Fung PW, et al. Tissue-specific gene delivery via nanoparticle coating. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 998-1006.
56. Morishita N, Nakagami H, Morishita R, et al. Magnetic nanoparticles with surface modification enhanced gene delivery of HVJ-E vector. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2005; 334: 1121-26.
57. Tabatt K, Kneuer C, Sameti M, et al. Transfection with different colloidal systems: comparison of solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes. J Control Release 2004, 97: 321-32.
58. Pozo-Rodriguez A, Delgado D, Solinis MA, et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles as potential tools for gene therapy: In vivo protein expression after intravenous administration. Int J Pharm 2010; 385: 157-62.
59. Pozo-Rodriguez A, Delgado D, Solin MA, Gasco AR, Pedraz JL. Solid lipid nanoparticles: Formulation factors affecting cell transfection capacity. Int J Pharm 2007; 339: 261-68.
60. Pedersen N, Hansen S, Heydenreich AV, Kristensen HG, Poulse HS. Solid lipid nanoparticles can effectively bind DNA, streptavidin and biotinylated ligands. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 62: 155-62.
61. Olbrich C, Bakowsky U, Lehr C, Muller RH, Kneuer C. Cationic solid-lipid nanoparticles can efficiently bind and transfect plasmid DNA. J Control Release 2001; 77: 345-55.
62. Pozo-Rodriguez A, Solinis MA, Gascon AR, Pedraz JL. Short and long-term stability study of lyophilized solid lipid nanoparticles for gene therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71: 181-89.
63. Vighi A, Ruozi B, Montanari M, Battini R, Leo E. Pdna condensation capacity and in vitro gene delivery properties of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2010; 389: 254-61.
64. Pozo-Rodriguez A, Pujals S, Delgado D, et al. A proline-rich peptide improves cell transfection of solid lipid nanoparticle-based non-viral vectors. J Control Release 2009; 133: 52-59.
65. Tsuchiya Y, Ishti T, Okahata Y, Sato T. Characterization of protamine as a transfection accelerator for gene delivery. J Bioact Compat Polym 2006; 21: 519-37.
66. Braun RE. Packaging paternal chromosomes with protamine. Nat Genet 2001; 28: 10-12.
67. Liu J, Guo S, Li Z, Liu L, Gu J. Synthesis and characterization of stearyl protamine and investigation of their complexes with DNA for gene delivery. Coll Surf B: Biointer 2009; 73: 36-41.
68. Fujita T, Furuhata M, Hattori Y, et al. High gene delivery in tumor by intratumoral injection of tetraarginine-PEG lipid-coated protamine/DNA. J Control Release 2008; 129: 124-27.
69. Vighi E, Montanari M, Ruozi B et al. Nuclear localization of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles containing Protamine as transfection promoter. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 73(3): 384-93.
70. Li J, Chen Y, Tseng Y, Mozumdar S, Huang L. Biodegradable calcium phosphate nanoparticle with lipid coating for systemic siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2010; 142: 416-21.
71. Zhou C, Yu B, Yang Y, et al. Lipid-coated nano-calciumphosphate (LNCP) for gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2010; 392: 201-08.
72. Yuan H, Zhang W, Du Y, Hu F. Ternary nanoparticles of anionic lipid nanoparticles/protamine/DNA for gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2010; 392: 224-31.
73. Tabatt K, Sameti M, Olbrich C, Mullera RH, Lehr C. Effect of cationic lipid and matrix lipid composition on solid lipid nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 57: 155-62.
74. Pozo-Rodriguez A, Delgado D, Solin MA, Gasco AR, Pedraz JL. Solid lipid nanoparticles for retinal gene therapy: Transfection and intracellular trafficking in RPE cells. Int J Pharm 2008; 360: 177-83.
75. Kogure K, Akita H, Harashima H. Multifunctional envelopetype nano device for non-viral gene delivery: Concept and application of programmed packaging. J Control Release 2007; 122: 246-51.
76. Khalil IA, Kogure K, Futaki S, et al. Octaarginine-modified envelope-type nanoparticles for gene delivery. Gene Ther 2007; 14: 682-89.
77. Kogure K, Moriguchi R, Sasaki K, et al. Development of a nonviral multifunctional envelop-type nano device by a novel lipid film hydration method. J Control Release 2004; 98: 317-23.
78. Han H, Ghosh P, De M, Rotello VM. Drug and gene delivery using gold nanoparticles. Nanobitechnol 2007; 3: 40-45.
79. Lee SH, Bae KH, Kim SH, Lee KR, Park TG. Aminefunctionalized gold nanoparticles as non-cytotoxic and efficient intracellular siRNA delivery carriers. Int J Pharm 2008; 364: 94-101.
80. Lee Y, Lee SH, Kim JS, et al. Controlled synthesis of PEI-coated gold nanoparticles using reductive catechol chemistry for siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2010; doi: 10.1016/j.j.conrel.2010.09.009.
81. Huang YF, Sefah K, Bamrungsap S, Chang HT, Tan W. Selective photothermal therapy for mixed cancer cells using aptamerconjugated nanorods. Langmuir 2008; 24(20): 1860-65.
82. Ryou S, Kim S, Jang HH, et al. Delivery of shRNA using gold nanoparticle-DNA oligonucleotide conjugates as a universal carrier. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2010; 398: 542-46.
83. Li D, Li P, Li G, Wang J, Wang E. The effect of nocodazole on the transfection efficiency of lipid-bilayer coated gold nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 1382-88.
84. Rink JS, McMahon KM, Chen X, et al. Transfection of pancreatic islets using polyvalent DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Surgery 2010; 148: 335-45.
85. Gu Y, Cheng J, Lin C, et al. Nuclear penetration of surface functionalized gold nanoparticles. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2009; 237: 196-204.
86. Bhattarai SR, Remant BKC, Aryal S, et al. Hydrophobically modified chitosan/gold nanoparticles for DNA delivery. J Nanopart Res 2008; 10: 151-62.
87. Li D, Li G, Li P, et al. The enhancement of transfection efficiency of cationic liposomes by didodecyldimethyl ammonium bromide coated gold nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 1850-57.
88. Shakthivel T, Florence AT. Dendrimers and dendrons: facets of pharmaceutical nanotechnology. Drug Deliv Technol 2003; 3: 73-78.
89. Parekh HS. The advance of dendrimers: a versatile targeting platform for drug/gene delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2007; 13: 2837-50.
90. Florence AT. Preface Dendrimers: a versatile targeting platform. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57: 2104-05.
91. Duncan R, Izzo L. Dendrimer biocompatibility and toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57: 2215-37.
92. Gossl I, Shu L, Schluter AD, Rabe JP. Molecular structure of single DNA complexes with positively charged dendronized polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124: 6860-65.
93. Liu Y, Li J, Shao K, et al. A leptin derived 30-amino-acid peptide modified pegylated poly (L-lysine) dendrigraft for brain targeted gene delivery. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 5246-57.
94. Wang G, Li C, Luo K, Song H, Gu Z. The 5th generation of poly (L-lysine) dendrimer is a potential carrier for in vivo gene delivery. Drug Discovery Today 2010.
95. Yamagat M, Kawano T, Shib K, et al. Structural advantage of dendritic poly (L-lysine) for gene delivery into cells. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 2007; 15: 526-32.
96. Holladay C, Keeney M, Greiser U, et al. Reservoir for improved control of non-viral gene delivery. J Control Release 2009; 136: 220-25.
97. Kaneshiro TL, Lu Z. Targeted intracellular co-delivery of chemotherapeutics and nucleic acid with a well-defined dendrimerbased nanoglobular carrier. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 5660-66.
98. Navarro G, Larduy TC. Activated and non-activated PAMAM dendrimers for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2009; 5: 287-97.
99. Bielinska AU, Yen A, Liang H, et al. Application of membranebased dendrimer/DNA complexes for solid phase transfection in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2000; 21: 877-87.
100. Kim D, Lim CM, Kim JB, et al. Neuroprotection by biodegradable PAMAM ester (e-PAM-R)-mediated HMGB1 siRNA delivery in primary cortical cultures and in the postischemic brain. J Control Release 2010; 142: 422-30.
101. Nam HA, Nam K, Hahn HJ, et al. Biodegradable PAMAM ester for enhanced transfection efficiency with low cytotoxicity. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 665-73.
102. Kim T, Baek J, Bai CZ, Park J. Arginine-conjugated polypropylenimine dendrimer as a non-toxic and efficient gene delivery carrier. Biomaterials 2007; 28: 2061-67.
103. Okuda T, Sugiyam A, Niidomec T, Aoyagi H. Characters of dendritic poly (L-lysine) analogues with the terminal lysines replaced with arginines and histidines as gene carriers in vitro. Biomaterials 2004; 25: 537-44.
104. Choi JS, Park KN, Lee K, Park J. Enhanced transfection efficiency of PAMAM dendrimer by surface modification with L-arginine. J Control Release 2004; 99: 445-56.
105. Nam HY, Hahna HJ, Nam K, et al. Evaluation of generations 2, 3 and 4 arginine modified PAMAM dendrimers for gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2008; 363: 199-205.
106. Kim T, Bai CZ, Nam K, Park J. Comparison between arginine conjugated PAMAM dendrimers with structural diversity for gene delivery systems. J Control Release 2009; 136: 132-39.
107. Fu HL, Cheng SX, Zhang XZ, Zhuo RX. Key Dendrimer/DNA complexes encapsulated in a water soluble polymer and supported on fast degrading star poly (DL-lactide) for localized gene delivery. J Control Release 2007; 124: 181-88.
108. Yuan Q, Lee E, Yeudall WA, Yang H. Dendrimer-triglycine-EGF nanoparticles for tumor imaging and targeted nucleic acid and drug delivery. Oral Oncology 2010; 46: 698-704.
109. Choi JS, Ko KS, Park JS, et al. Dexamethasone conjugated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer as a gene carrier for efficient nuclear translocation. Int J Pharm 2006; 320: 171-78.
110. Ma K, Hu MX, Qi Y, et al. PAMAM-Triamcinolone acetonide conjugate as a nucleus-targeting gene carrier for enhanced transfer activity. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 6109-18.
111. Kumar A, Yellepeddi VK, Davies GE, Strychar KB, Palakurthi S. Enhanced gene transfection efficiency by polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers modified with ornithine residues. Int J Pharm 2010; 392: 294-303.
112. Santos JL, Oliveir H, Pandit D, et al. Functionalization of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with hydrophobic chains for improved gene delivery in mesenchymal stem cells. J Control Release 2010; 144: 55-64.
113. Ke W, Shao K, Huang R, et al. Gene delivery targeted to the brain using an angiopeptide-conjugated polyethyleneglycol-modified polyamidoamine dendrimer. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 6976-85.
114. Navarro G, Maiwald G, Haase R, et al. Low generation PAMAM dendrimer and CpG free plasmids allow targeted and extended transgene expression in tumors after systemic delivery. J Control Release 2010; 146: 99-105.
115. Shieh MJ, Peng CL, Lou PJ, et al. Non-toxic phototriggered gene transfection by PAMAM-porphyrin conjugates. J Control Release 2008; 129: 200-206.
116. Qi R, Gao Y, Tang Y, et al. PEG-conjugated PAMAM dendrimers mediate efficient intramuscular gene expression. The AAPS Journal 2009; 11(3): 395-405.
117. Theoharis S, Krueger U, Tan PH, et al. Targeting gene delivery to activated vascular endothelium using anti E/P-Selectin antibody linked to PAMAM dendrimers. J Immunological Methods 2009; 343: 79-90.
118. Shakhbazau A, Isayenka I, Kartel N, et al. Transfection efficiencies of PAMAM dendrimers correlate inversely with their hydrophobicity. Int J Pharm 2010; 383: 228-35.
119. Dutta T, Burgess M, McMillan AJ, Parekh HS. Dendrosome-based delivery of siRNA against E6 and E7 oncogenes in cervical cancer. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine 2010; 6: 463-70.
120. Arima H, Chihara Y, Arizono M, et al. Enhancement of gene transfer activity mediated by mannosylated dendrimer/α- cyclodextrin conjugate (generation 3, G3). J Control Release 2006; 116: 64-74.
121. Wada K, Arima H, Tsutsumia T, et al. Improvement of gene delivery mediated by mannosylated dendrimer/��-cyclodextrin conjugates. J Control Release 2005; 104: 397-413.
122. Arima H, Yamashita S, Mori Y, et al. In vitro and in vivo gene delivery mediated by lactosylated dendrimer/α-cyclodextrin conjugates (G2) into hepatocytes. J Control Release 2010; 146: 106-17.
123. Tsutsumi T, Hirayama F, Uekama K, Arima H. Evaluation of polyamidoamine dendrimer/α-cyclodextrin conjugate (generation 3, G3) as a novel carrier for small interfering RNA (siRNA). J Control Release 2007; 119: 349-59.
124. Luo K, Li C, Wang G, et al. Peptide dendrimers as efficient and biocompatible gene delivery vectors: Synthesis and in vitro characterization. J Control Release 2010; doi.10.1016/j.jconrel. 2010.10.006.
125. Dutta T, Garg M, Jain NK. Poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer and dendrosome mediated genetic immunization against hepatitis B. Vaccine 2008; 26: 3389-94.
126. Schatzlein AG, Zinselmeyer BH, Elouzi A, et al. Preferential liver gene expression with polypropylenimine dendrimers. J Control Release 2005; 101: 247-58.
127. Zinselmeyer BH, Mackay SP, Schatzlein AG Uchegbu IF. The Lower Generation polypropylenimine dendrimers are effective gene transfer agents. Pharma Research 2002; 19(7): 960-67.
128. Keeney M, Beucken J, Kraan P, Jansen JA, Pandit A. The ability of a collagen/calcium phosphate scaffold to act as its own vector for gene delivery and to promote bone formation via transfection with VEGF165. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 2893-902.
129. O'Rorke S, Keeney M, Pandit A. Non-viral polyplexes: Scaffold mediated delivery for gene therapy. Progress in Polymer Science 2010; 35: 441-58.
130. Cherng JY, Talsma H, Verrijk DJ, Crommelin A, Henninka WE. The effect of formulation parameters on the size of poly- ((2- dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-plasmid complexes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1999; 47: 215-24.
131. Saito G, Swanson JA, Lee KD. Drug delivery strategy utilizing conjugation via reversible disulfide linkages: role and site of cellular reducing activities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003; 55 (2): 199-215.
132. Jeong JH, Christensen LV, Yockman JW, et al. Reducible poly (amido ethylenimine) directed to enhance RNA interference. Biomaterials 2007; 28 (10): 1912-17.
133. Farrell LL, Pepin J, Kucharski C, et al. A comparison of the effectiveness of cationic polymers poly-L-lysine (PLL) and polyethylenimine (PEI) for non-viral delivery of plasmid DNA to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 65: 388-97.
134. Park JW, Mok H, Park TG. Physical adsorption of PEG grafted and blocked poly-L-lysine copolymers on adenovirus surface for enhanced gene transduction. J Control Release 2010; 142: 238-44.
135. Numata K, Hamasaki J, Subramanian B, Kaplan DL. Gene delivery mediated by recombinant silk proteins containing cationic and cell binding motifs. J Control Release 2010; 146: 136-43.
136. Zhang X, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Zelkin AN, et al. Poly (L-lysine) nanostructured particles for gene delivery and hormone stimulation. Biomaterials 2010; 31:1699-1706.
137. Haberland A, Knaus T, Zaitsev SV, et al. Calcium ions as efficient cofactor of polycation-mediated gene transfer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1999; 1445: 21-30.
138. Nounou MI, Emmanouil K, Chung S, et al. Novel reducible linear L-lysine-modified copolymers as efficient nonviral vectors. J Control Release 2010; 143: 326-34.
139. Parker AL, Eckley L, Singh S, et al. (LYS) 16-based reducible polycations provide stable polyplexes with anionic fusogenic peptides and efficient gene delivery to post mitotic cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2007; 1770: 1331-37.
140. Yoo HS, Jeong SY. Nuclear targeting of non-viral gene carriers using psoralen-nuclear localization signal (NLS) conjugates. Eur J Pham Biopharm 2007; 66: 28-33.
141. Iwai M, Harada Y, Tanaka S, et al. Polyethylenimine-mediated suicide gene transfer induces a therapeutic effect for hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo by using an Epstein-Barr virus-based plasmid vector. Biochem Biophy Res Commun 2002; 291: 48-54.
142. Hobel S, Prinz R, Malek A, et al. Polyethylenimine PEI F25-LMW allows the long-term storage of frozen complexes as fully active reagents in siRNA-mediated gene targeting and DNA delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70: 29-41.
143. Liang B, He M, Chan C, et al. The use of folate-PEG-graftedhybranched- PEI nonviral vector for the inhibition of glioma growth in the rat. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 4014-20.
144. Huang H, Yu H, Tang G, Wang Q, Li J. Low molecular weight polyethylenimine cross-linked by 2-hydroxypropylg-cyclodextrin coupled to peptide targeting HER2 as a gene delivery vector. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 1830-38.
145. Ferrari S, Moro E, Pettenazzo A, et al. ExGen 500 is an efficient vector for gene delivery to lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Gene Ther 1997; 4: 1100-06.
146. Nimesh S, Chandra R. European guanidinium grafted polyethylenimine: An efficient transfecting agent for mammalian cells. J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 68: 647-55.
147. Zenga X, Wang X, Wang S. Self-assembled ternary complexes of plasmid DNA, low molecular weight polyethylenimine and targeting peptide for nonviral gene delivery into neurons. Biomaterials 2007; 28: 1443-51.
148. Mateos-Timoneda MA, Lok MC, Hennink WE, Feijen J, Engbersen J. Poly(amido amine)s as gene delivery vectors: Effects of quaternary nicotinamide moieties in the side chains. Chem Med Chem 2008; 3: 478-86.
149. Son S, Singh K, Kim WJ. Bioreducible BPEI-SS-PEG polymer as a tumor targeted nonviral gene carrier. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 6344-54.
150. Son S, Hwang DW, Singha K, et al. RVG peptide tethered bioreducible polyethylenimine for gene delivery to brain. J Control Release 2010; doi: 10.1016/ j.j cornel.2010.08.011.
151. Wang X, Jensen R, Lu Z. A novel environment-sensitive biodegradable polydisulfide with protonatable pendants for nucleic acid delivery. J Control Release 2007; 120: 250-58.
152. Zhang B, Kanapathipillai M, Bisso P, Mallapragada S. Novel pentablock copolymers for selective gene delivery to cancer cells. Pharma Research 2009; 26(3): 700-13.
153. Lin Y, Jiang G, Birrell JL, Sayed M. Degradable, pH-sensitive, membrane-destabilizing, comb-like polymers for intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. Biomaterials 2010; 31: 7150-66.
154. Yang C, Li H, Goh SH, Li J. Cationic star polymers consisting of α-cyclodextrin core and oligoethylenimine arms as nonviral gene delivery vectors. Biomaterials 2007; 28: 3245-54.
155. Nakayama Y, Masuda T, Nagaishi M, et al. High performance gene delivery polymeric vector: Nano-structured cationic star polymers (star vectors). Curr Drug Deliv 2005; 2: 53-57.
156. Kostarelos K, Miller AD. Synthetic, self-assembly ABCD nanoparticles: a structural paradigm for viable synthetic non-viral vectors. Chem Soc Rev 2005; 34: 970-94.
157. Weissig V. In: Liposome methods and protocol. Walkar JM, Ed. Humana Press 2010; 1: pp.163-175.
158. Garcia L, Bunuales M, Duzgunes N, Ilarduya C. Serum-resistant lipopolyplexes for gene delivery to liver tumour cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 67: 58-66.
159. Zheng X, Lu J, Deng L, Xiong Y, Chen J. Preparation and characterization of magnetic cationic liposome in gene delivery. Int Pharm 2009; 366: 211-17.
160. Imaoka T, Date I, Ohmoto T, Yasuda T, Tsuda M. In vivo gene transfer into the adult mammalian central nervous system by continuous injection of plasmid DNA-cationic liposome complex. Brain Research 1998; 780: 119-28.
161. Hernot S, Klibanov AL. Microbubbles in ultrasound-triggered drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60: 1153-66.
162. Porter TR. Diagnostic and therapeutic utilization of microbubbles. Acta Cardiol Sin 2005; 21: 77-88.