The effect and clinical consequences of hypoxia on cytochrome P450, membrane carrier proteins activity and expression

Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology

Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 1083-1100

  Du Souich, Patrick ^a   Fradette, Caroline ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b Labopharm   (Canada)

Author keywords

Clinical repercussions; Cytochrome P450; Enzyme induction; Enzyme inhibition; Expression and catalytic activity; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia; Inflammatory reaction; Mechanism of action; Membrane carrier proteins

Indexed keywords

CARRIER PROTEIN; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME P450 1A2; CYTOCHROME P450 2B6; CYTOCHROME P450 2C19; CYTOCHROME P450 2C8; CYTOCHROME P450 2C9; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4; DILTIAZEM; ERYTHROPOIETIN; FARNESOID X RECEPTOR; GAMMA INTERFERON; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; GLYCOPROTEIN P; HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR 4; HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1ALPHA; HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; LIDOCAINE; ORPHAN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; PHENAZONE; PHENYTOIN; PREGNANE X RECEPTOR; RETINOID X RECEPTOR; THEOPHYLLINE; TOLBUTAMIDE; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR;

ASTHMA; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG RESISTANCE; HUMAN; HYPOXEMIA; HYPOXIA; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RECEPTOR DOWN REGULATION; RECEPTOR UPREGULATION; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; REVIEW; RNA PROCESSING; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; ANOXIA; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM; DRUG MONITORING; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMANS; P-GLYCOPROTEINS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 80051909334     PISSN: 17425255     EISSN: 17447607     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.586630     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. du Souich P, McLean AJ, Lalka D, et al. Pulmonary disease and drug kinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1978;7:257-66
2. Piafsky KM, Sitar DS, Rangno RE, et al. Theophylline kinetics in acute pulmonary edema. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977;21:310-16
3. Powell JR, Vozeh S, Hopewell P, et al. Theophylline disposition in acutely ill hospitalized patients. The effect of smoking, heart failure, severe airway obstruction, and pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;118:229-38
4. Vozeh S, Powell JR, Riegelman S, et al. Changes in theophylline clearance during acute illness. JAMA 1978;240:1882-4
5. Dumais G, Iovu M, du Souich P. Inflammatory reactions and drug response. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2008;1:627-47 Review of the regulation of cytochrome P450 isoforms and membrane carriers by inflammatory reactions.
6. Vaupel P, Mayer A. Hypoxia in cancer: Significance and impact on clinical outcome. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2007;26:225-39 Overview of the clinical relevancy of intra-tumour hypoxia.
7. Engel G, Hofmann U, Heidemann H, et al. Antipyrine as a probe for human oxidative drug metabolism: Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing 4-hydroxyantipyrine, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine, and norantipyrine formation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;59:613-23
8. Cumming JF. The effect of arterial oxygen tension on antipyrine half-time in plasma. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1976;19:498-71
9. Laybourn C, Tonnesen P, Loft S, et al. Pulmonary disease and antipyrine clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986;40:415-19
10. Zhang ZY, Kaminsky LS. Characterization of human cytochromes P450 involved in theophylline 8-hydroxylation. Biochem Pharmacol 1995;50:205-11
11. Mitenko PA, Ogilvie RI. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous theophylline. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1973;14:509-13
12. Richer M, Lam YW. Hypoxia, arterial pH and theophylline disposition. Clin Pharmacokinet 1993;25:283-99
13. Vicuna N, McNay JL, Ludden TM, et al. Impaired theophylline clearance in patients with cor pulmonale. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979;7:33-7
14. Cusack BJ, Crowley JJ, Mercer GD, et al. Theophylline clearance in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving supplemental oxygen and the effect of acute hypoxemia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:1110-14
15. du Souich P, Hoen B, Saunier C, et al. Theophylline disposition in patients with COLD with and without hypoxemia. Chest 1989;95:1028-32
16. Sotaniemi E, Arvela P, Huhti E. Increased clearance of tolbutamide from the blood of asthmatic patients. Ann Allergy 1971;29:139-41
17. Lasker JM, Wester MR, Aramsombatdee E, et al. Characterization of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 from human liver: Respective roles in microsomal tolbutamide, S-mephenytoin, and omeprazole hydroxylations. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998;353:16-28
18. du Souich P, Erill S. Metabolism of procainamide in patients with chronic heart failure, chronic respiratory failure and chronic renal failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1978;14:21-7
19. du Souich P, Amyot R, Julien M, et al. Influence of chronic obstructive lung disease on the disposition of an acidic drug (sulfamethazine). Arch Intern Med 1983;143:233-6
20. Jurgens G, Christensen HR, Brosen K, et al. Acute hypoxia and cytochrome P450-mediated hepatic drug metabolism in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;71:214-20
21. Kamimori GH, Eddington ND, Hoyt RW, et al. Effects of altitude (4300 m) on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and cardio-green in humans. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995;48:167-70
22. Fradette C, du Souich P. Effect of hypoxia on cytochrome P450 activity and expression. Curr Drug Metab 2004;5:257-71 Overview of the effect of hypoxia on drug kinetics.
23. Letarte L, du Souich P. Influence of hypercapnia and/or hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis on theophylline kinetics in the conscious rabbit. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;129:762-6 First in vivo experimental evidence that hypoxia and hypercapnia affect the kinetics of theophylline.
24. Saunier C, du Souich P, Hartemann D, et al. Theophylline disposition during acute and chronic hypoxia in the conscious dog. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1987;57:291-9
25. Wang JS, Backman JT, Taavitsainen P, et al. Involvement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in lidocaine N-deethylation and 3-hydroxylation in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2000;28:959-65
26. Marleau S, Ong H, Gariepy L, et al. Lidocaine and indocyanine green kinetics: Effect of hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987;242:338-43
27. Sutton D, Butler AM, Nadin L, et al. Role of CYP3A4 in human hepatic diltiazem N-demethylation: Inhibition of CYP3A4 activity by oxidized diltiazem metabolites. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:294-300
28. du Souich P, Saunier C, Hartemann D, et al. Effect of acute and chronic moderate hypoxia on the kinetics of lidocaine and its metabolites and on regional blood flow. Pulm Pharmacol 1992;5:9-16
29. du Souich P, Hartemann D, Saunier C. Effect of acute and chronic moderate hypoxia on diltiazem kinetics and metabolism in the dog. Pharmacology 1993;47:378-85
30. du Souich P, Varin F, Courteau H. Effect of hypercapnia and/or hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis on kinetics and concentrations of phenytoin in the cerebrospinal fluid of conscious rabbits. Neuropharmacology 1986;25:857-62
31. Giancarlo GM, Venkatakrishnan K, Granda BW, et al. Relative contributions of CYP2C9 and 2C19 to phenytoin 4-hydroxylation in vitro: Inhibition by sulfaphenazole, omeprazole, and ticlopidine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2001;57:31-6
32. Gavalakis J, du Souich P, Sharkawi M. Acute moderate hypoxia reduces ethanol elimination in the conscious rabbit. Toxicology 1999;137:109-16
33. Fradette C, Batonga J, Teng S, et al. Animal models of acute moderate hypoxia are associated with a down-regulation of CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B4, 2C5, and 2C16 and up-regulation of CYP3A6 and P-glycoprotein in liver. Drug Metab Dispos 2007;35:765-71 First in vivo experimental evidence that hypoxia modulates multiple cytochrome P450 isoforms and P-glycoprotein.
34. Dopp JM, Moran JJ, Abel NJ, et al. Influence of intermittent hypoxia on myocardial and hepatic P-glycoprotein expression in a rodent model. Pharmacotherapy 2009;29:365-72
35. Fradette C, du Souich P. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and activator protein-1 modulate the upregulation of CYP3A6 induced by hypoxia. Br J Pharmacol 2003;140:1146-54 This manuscripts reports the molecular mechanisms underlying the up-regulation of CYP3A6 by in vivo acute moderate hypoxia.
36. Legendre C, Hori T, Loyer P, et al. Drug-metabolising enzymes are down-regulated by hypoxia in differentiated human hepatoma HepaRG cells: HIF-1alpha involvement in CYP3A4 repression. Eur J Cancer 2009;45:2882-92
37. Loot AE, Fleming I. Cytochrome P450-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and pulmonary hypertension: Central role of transient receptor potential (TRP) C6 channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011;57:140-7
38. Pokreisz P, Fleming I, Kiss L, et al. Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase gene function in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Hypertension 2006;47:762-70
39. Michaelis UR, Fisslthaler B, Barbosa-Sicard E, et al. Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases 2C8 and 2C9 are implicated in hypoxia-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2005;118:5489-98
40. Yang B, Graham L, Dikalov S, et al. Overexpression of cytochrome P450 CYP2J2 protects against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Mol Pharmacol 2001;60:310-20
41. Chiche J, Brahimi-Horn MC, Pouyssegur J. Tumour hypoxia induces a metabolic shift causing acidosis: A common feature in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2010;14:771-94 Review that focus on the characterization and function of some of the hypoxia-inducible pH-regulating systems and their induction by hypoxic stress.
42. Airley RE, Mobasheri A. Hypoxic regulation of glucose transport, anaerobic metabolism and angiogenesis in cancer: Novel pathways and targets for anticancer therapeutics. Chemotherapy 2007;53:233-56
43. Ullah MS, Davies AJ, Halestrap AP. The plasma membrane lactate transporter MCT4, but not MCT1, is up-regulated by hypoxia through a HIF-1alpha-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2006;281:9030-7
44. Shayeghi M, Latunde-Dada GO, Oakhill JS, et al. Identification of an intestinal heme transporter. Cell 2005;122:789-801
45. Lis A, Paradkar PN, Singleton S, et al. Hypoxia induces changes in expression of isoforms of the divalent metal transporter (DMT1) in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2005;69:1647-55
46. Scafidi S, Douglas RM, Farahani R, et al. Prostaglandin transporter expression in mouse brain during development and in response to hypoxia. Neuroscience 2007;146:1150-7
47. Hsu L, Rockenstein E, Mallory M, et al. Altered expression of glutamate transporters under hypoxic conditions in vitro. J Neurosci Res 2001;64:193-202
48. Carpenter TC, Schomberg S, Nichols C, et al. Hypoxia reversibly inhibits epithelial sodium transport but does not inhibit lung ENaC or Na-K-ATPase expression. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003;284:L77-83
49. MacLean MR, Deuchar GA, Hicks MN, et al. Overexpression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene: Effect on pulmonary hemodynamics and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2004;109:2150-5
50. Comerford KM, Wallace TJ, Karhausen J, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1-dependent regulation of the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene. Cancer Res 2002;62:3387-94
51. Wartenberg M, Ling FC, Muschen M, et al. Regulation of the multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein in multicellular tumor spheroids by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) and reactive oxygen species. FASEB J 2003;17:503-5
52. Ding Z, Yang L, Xie X, et al. Expression and significance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and MDR1/P-glycoprotein in human colon carcinoma tissue and cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010;136:1697-707
53. Liu L, Ning X, Sun L, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha contributes to hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2008;99:121-8
54. Thews O, Gassner B, Kelleher DK, et al. Impact of extracellular acidity on the activity of P-glycoprotein and the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Neoplasia 2006;8:143-52 Manuscript reporting the effect of microenvironement, specifically pH, on cellular response.
55. Lotz C, Kelleher DK, Gassner B, et al. Role of the tumor microenvironment in the activity and expression of the p-glycoprotein in human colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2007;17:239-44
56. Fouassier L, Beaussier M, Schiffer E, et al. Hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of rat hepatobiliary transporter genes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007;293:G25-35
57. Rytting E, Audus KL. Effects of low oxygen levels on the expression and function of transporter OCTN2 in BeWo cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007;59:1095-102
58. Liu YV, Semenza GL. RACK1 vs. HSP90: Competition for HIF-1 alpha degradation vs. stabilization. Cell Cycle 2007;6:656-9
59. Zhang N, Walker MK. Crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia on the constitutive expression of cytochrome P4501A1 mRNA. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2007;7:282-90
60. Allen JW, Johnson RS, Bhatia SN. Hypoxic inhibition of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced CYP1A1 expression is independent of HIF-1alpha. Toxicol Lett 2005;155:151-9
61. Oliver KM, Garvey JF, Ng CT, et al. Hypoxia activates NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression through the canonical signaling pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009;11:2057-64 In vitro evidence that hypoxia activates the nuclear translocation of NF-kB.
62. Tian Y, Ke S, Denison MS, et al. Ah receptor and NF-kappaB interactions, a potential mechanism for dioxin toxicity. J Biol Chem 1999;274:510-15
63. Schoemaker MH, Ros JE, Homan M, et al. Cytokine regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in rat hepatocytes: NF-kappaB-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) prevents apoptosis. J Hepatol 2002;36:742-50
64. Chan WK, Yao G, Gu YZ, et al. Cross-talk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia inducible factor signaling pathways. Demonstration of competition and compensation. J Biol Chem 1999;274:12115-23 First evidence that activation of hypoxia inducible factor by hypoxia requires ARNT.
65. Barouki R, Morel Y. Repression of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene expression by oxidative stress: Mechanisms and biological implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2001;61:511-16
66. Takada Y, Mukhopadhyay A, Kundu GC, et al. Hydrogen peroxide activates NF-kappa B through tyrosine phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha and serine phosphorylation of p65: Evidence for the involvement of I kappa B alpha kinase and Syk protein-tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem 2003;278:24233-41
67. Chung I, Bresnick E. Identification of positive and negative regulatory elements of the human cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) gene. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997;338:220-6
68. Abdel-Razzak Z, Corcos L, Fautrel A, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 down-regulates basal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced cytochromes P-450 1A1 and 1A2 in adult human hepatocytes in primary culture. Mol Pharmacol 1994;46:1100-10
69. Lim YP, Huang JD. Interplay of pregnane X receptor with other nuclear receptors on gene regulation. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2008;23:14-21
70. Huss JM, Levy FH, Kelly DP. Hypoxia inhibits the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/ retinoid X receptor gene regulatory pathway in cardiac myocytes: A mechanism for O2-dependent modulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. J Biol Chem 2001;276:27605-12
71. Jover R, Moya M, Gomez-Lechon MJ. Transcriptional regulation of cytochrome p450 genes by the nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha. Curr Drug Metab 2009;10:508-19
72. Urquhart BL, Tirona RG, Kim RB. Nuclear receptors and the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters: Implications for interindividual variability in response to drugs. J Clin Pharmacol 2007;47:566-78
73. Root B, Abrassart J, Myers DA, et al. Expression and distribution of glucocorticoid receptors in the ovine fetal adrenal cortex: Effect of long-term hypoxia. Reprod Sci 2008;15:517-28
74. Leonard MO, Godson C, Brady HR, et al. Potentiation of glucocorticoid activity in hypoxia through induction of the glucocorticoid receptor. J Immunol 2005;174:2250-7
75. Pirkmajer S, Filipovic D, Mars T, et al. HIF-1alpha response to hypoxia is functionally separated from the glucocorticoid stress response in the in vitro regenerating human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010;299:R1693-700
76. Huang Y, Zhao JJ, Lv YY, et al. Hypoxia down-regulates glucocorticoid receptor alpha and attenuates the anti-inflammatory actions of dexamethasone in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Life Sci 2009;85:107-12
77. Pascussi JM, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Drocourt L, et al. Cross-talk between xenobiotic detoxication and other signalling pathways: Clinical and toxicological consequences. Xenobiotica 2004;34:633-64
78. Zhang Y, Edwards PA. FXR signaling in metabolic disease. FEBS Lett 2008;582:10-18
79. Fujino T, Murakami K, Ozawa I, et al. Hypoxia downregulates farnesoid X receptor via a hypoxia-inducible factor-independent but p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. FEBS J 2009;276:1319-32
80. Piguet AC, Stroka D, Zimmermann A, et al. Hypoxia aggravates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice lacking hepatocellular PTEN. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009;118:401-10
81. Itoigawa Y, Kishimoto KN, Okuno H, et al. Hypoxia induces adipogenic differentitation of myoblastic cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010;399:721-6
82. Liu Y, Zhang Y, Schmelzer K, et al. The antiinflammatory effect of laminar flow: The role of PPARgamma, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and soluble epoxide hydrolase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:16747-52
83. Li R, Fan W, Tian G, et al. The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome. Nature 2010;463:311-17
84. Fogli S, Pellegrini S, Adinolfi B, et al. Rosiglitazone reverses salbutamol-induced beta(2)-adrenoceptor tolerance in airway smooth muscle. Br J Pharmacol 2011;162:378-91
85. Kim HJ, Lee JY, Jung HS, et al. The impact of insulin sensitisers on lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010;14:362-7
86. Martinez-Jimenez CP, Jover R, Donato MT, et al. Transcriptional regulation and expression of CYP3A4 in hepatocytes. Curr Drug Metab 2007;8:185-94 Review of the regulation of constitutively expressed and of transcriptionally induced CYP3A4.
87. Marden NY, Fiala-Beer E, Xiang SH, et al. Role of activator protein-1 in the down-regulation of the human CYP2J2 gene in hypoxia. Biochem J 2003;373:669-80
88. Iber H, Li-Masters T, Chen Q, et al. Regulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 2C11 via cAMP: Implications for down-regulation in diabetes, fasting, and inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001;297:174-80
89. Martinez-Jimenez CP, Gomez-Lechon MJ, Castell JV, et al. Transcriptional regulation of the human hepatic CYP3A4: Identification of a new distal enhancer region responsive to CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta isoforms (liver activating protein and liver inhibitory protein). Mol Pharmacol 2005;67:2088-101
90. Seifeddine R, Fulchignoni-Lataud MC, Massaad-Massade L. Down-regulation of C/EBPalpha in breast cancer cells by hypoxia-estrogen combination is mainly due to hypoxia. Anticancer Res 2009;29:1227-31
91. Park YK, Park H. Prevention of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta DNA binding by hypoxia during adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2010;285:3289-99
92. Yang L, Jiang Y, Wu SF, et al. CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein alpha antagonizes transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha with direct protein-protein interaction. Carcinogenesis 2008;29:291-8
93. Sow FB, Alvarez GR, Gross RP, et al. Role of STAT1, NF-kappaB, and C/EBPbeta in the macrophage transcriptional regulation of hepcidin by mycobacterial infection and IFN-gamma. J Leukoc Biol 2009;86:1247-58
94. Fradette C, Bleau AM, Pichette V, et al. Hypoxia-induced down-regulation of CYP1A1/1A2 and up-regulation of CYP3A6 involves serum mediators. Br J Pharmacol 2002;137:881-91
95. Semenza GL. Involvement of oxygen-sensing pathways in physiologic and pathologic erythropoiesis. Blood 2009;114:2015-19
96. Wenger RH. Cellular adaptation to hypoxia: O2-sensing protein hydroxylases, hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, and O2-regulated gene expression. FASEB J 2002;16:1151-62
97. Seta KA, Millhorn DE. Functional genomics approach to hypoxia signaling. J Appl Physiol 2004;96:765-73
98. Gorlach A, Bonello S. The cross-talk between NF-kappaB and HIF-1: Further evidence for a significant liaison. Biochem J 2008;412:e17-19
99. Liu M, Li D, Aneja R, et al. PO(2)-dependent differential regulation of multidrug resistance 1 gene expression by the c-Jun NH2- terminal kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 2007;282:17581-6
100. Thews O, Dillenburg W, Fellner M, et al. Activation of P-glycoprotein (Pgp)- mediated drug efflux by extracellular acidosis: In vivo imaging with 68Ga-labelled PET tracer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010;37:1935-42
101. Razeghi P, Baskin KK, Sharma S, et al. Atrophy, hypertrophy, and hypoxemia induce transcriptional regulators of the ubiquitin proteasome system in the rat heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006;342:361-4 Evidence that hypoxia activates the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
102. Krajewski J, Batmunkh C, Jelkmann W, et al. Interleukin-1beta inhibits the hypoxic inducibility of the erythropoietin enhancer by suppressing hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha. Cell Mol Life Sci 2007;64:989-98
103. Osna NA, Clemens DL, Donohue TM Jr. Interferon gamma enhances proteasome activity in recombinant Hep G2 cells that express cytochrome P4502E1: Modulation by ethanol. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;66:697-710
104. Lefebvre B, Benomar Y, Guedin A, et al. Proteasomal degradation of retinoid X receptor alpha reprograms transcriptional activity of PPARgamma in obese mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2010;120:1454-68
105. Ma Q, Baldwin KT. 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced degradation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Role of the transcription activaton and DNA binding of AhR. J Biol Chem 2000;275:8432-8 Evidence that cytochrome P450 isoforms are regulated post-transcriptionally by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
106. Choi HS, Seol W, Moore DD. A component of the 26S proteasome binds on orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1996;56:23-30
107. Masuyama H, Inoshita H, Hiramatsu Y, et al. Ligands have various potential effects on the degradation of pregnane X receptor by proteasome. Endocrinology 2002;143:55-61
108. Masuyama H, MacDonald PN. Proteasome-mediated degradation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and a putative role for SUG1 interaction with the AF-2 domain of VDR. J Cell Biochem 1998;71:429-40
109. Wallace AD, Cidlowski JA. Proteasome-mediated glucocorticoid receptor degradation restricts transcriptional signaling by glucocorticoids. J Biol Chem 2001;276:42714-21
110. Choi H, Chun YS, Kim SW, et al. Curcumin inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by degrading aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator: A mechanism of tumor growth inhibition. Mol Pharmacol 2006;70:1664-71
111. Cribb AE, Peyrou M, Muruganandan S, et al. The endoplasmic reticulum in xenobiotic toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2005;37:405-42
112. Meir O, Dvash E, Werman A, et al. C/EBP-beta regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered cell death in mouse and human models. PLoS One 2010;5:e9516
113. Correia MA, Sadeghi S, Mundo-Paredes E. Cytochrome P450 ubiquitination: Branding for the proteolytic slaughter? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2005;45:439-64 Review of the post-transcriptional regulation of cytochrome P450 isoforms.
114. Roberts BJ. Evidence of proteasome-mediated cytochrome P-450 degradation. J Biol Chem 1997;272:9771-8
115. Xie Y, Burcu M, Linn DE, et al. Pim-1 kinase protects P-glycoprotein from degradation and enables its glycosylation and cell surface expression. Mol Pharmacol 2010;78:310-18
116. Yang ZZ, Zou AP. Transcriptional regulation of heme oxygenases by HIF-1alpha in renal medullary interstitial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2001;281:F900-8
117. Chepelev NL, Willmore WG. Regulation of iron pathways in response to hypoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2011;50:645-66
118. Reed JR, Cawley GF, Backes WL. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2-mediated metabolism and production of reactive oxygen species by heme oxygenase-1 in rat liver microsomes. Drug Metab Lett 2011;5:6-16
119. Zhou SF, Wang B, Yang LP, et al. Structure, function, regulation and polymorphism and the clinical significance of human cytochrome P450 1A2. Drug Metab Rev 2010;42:268-354
120. Kurdi J, Maurice H, El-Kadi AO, et al. Effect of hypoxia alone or combined with inflammation and 3-methylcholanthrene on hepatic cytochrome P450 in conscious rabbits. Br J Pharmacol 1999;128:365-73 In vivo experimental evidence that the effect of hypoxia on cytochrome P450 isoforms activity is modulated by an inflammatory reaction or by enzyme inducers.
121. Lee CA, Neul D, Clouser-Roche A, et al. Identification of novel substrates for human cytochrome P450 2J2. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38:347-56
122. Yaghi A, Bradbury JA, Zeldin DC, et al. Pulmonary cytochrome P-450 2J4 is reduced in a rat model of acute Pseudomonas pneumonia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003;285:L1099-105
123. Zordoky BN, El-Kadi AO. Effect of cytochrome P450 polymorphism on arachidonic acid metabolism and their impact on cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2010;125:446-63
124. Ross DD, Nakanishi T. Impact of breast cancer resistance protein on cancer treatment outcomes. Methods Mol Biol 2010;596:251-90
125. Norris MD, Bordow SB, Marshall GM, et al. Expression of the gene for multidrug-resistance-associated protein and outcome in patients with neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 1996;334:231-8
126. Hoffmann AC, Wild P, Leicht C, et al. MDR1 and ERCC1 expression predict outcome of patients with locally advanced bladder cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Neoplasia 2010;12:628-36
127. Langer R, Ott K, Feith M, et al. High pretherapeutic thymidylate synthetase and MRP-1 protein levels are associated with nonresponse to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients. J Surg Oncol 2010;102:503-8
128. van der Holt B, Lowenberg B, Burnett AK, et al. The value of the MDR1 reversal agent PSC-833 in addition to daunorubicin and cytarabine in the treatment of elderly patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in relation to MDR1 status at diagnosis. Blood 2005;106:2646-54
129. Cripe LD, Uno H, Paietta EM, et al. Zosuquidar, a novel modulator of P-glycoprotein, does not improve the outcome of older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 3999. Blood 2010;116:4077-85
130. Mazure NM, Brahimi-Horn MC, Berta MA, et al. HIF-1: Master and commander of the hypoxic world. A pharmacological approach to its regulation by siRNAs. Biochem Pharmacol 2004;68:971-80
131. Curkendall SM, DeLuise C, Jones JK, et al. Cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Saskatchewan Canada cardiovascular disease in COPD patients. Ann Epidemiol 2006;16:63-70
132. Loke YK, Kwok CS, Singh S, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death associated with inhaled corticosteroids in COPD. Eur Respir J 2010;35:1003-21
133. Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, et al. A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1543-54