Valley splitting in a Si/SiGe quantum point contact

New Journal of Physics

Volumn 12, Issue , 2010, Pages

  McGuire, L M ^a   Friesen, Mark ^a   Slinker, K A ^a   Coppersmith, S N ^a   Eriksson, M A ^a  

^a University of Wisconsin Madison   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COUPLING THEORY; ELECTRONIC WAVE FUNCTIONS; ELECTROSTATIC CONFINEMENT; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT; MODULATION-DOPED; QUANTUM POINT CONTACT; QUANTUM WELL; QUANTUM WELL INTERFACES; SI/SIGE; SPATIAL EXTENT; SPIN SPLITTINGS; SPLITTINGS; TRANSPORT DATA; VALLEY SPLITTING;

LANDFORMS; MAGNETIC FIELDS; POINT CONTACTS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS;

QUANTUM CHEMISTRY;

EID: 77951465375     PISSN: 13672630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/12/3/033039     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Vandersypen L M K, Steffen M, Breyta G, Yannoni C S, Sherwood M H and Chuang I L 2001 Experimental realization of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm using nuclear magnetic resonance Nature 414 883-887 (Pubitemid 34024733)
2. Turchette Q A, Hood C J, Lange W, Mabuchi H and Kimble H J 1995 Measurement of conditional phase shifts for quantum logic Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 4710-4713
3. Sørensen A and Maimer K 1999 Quantum computation with ions in thermal motion Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1971-1974 (Pubitemid 129571944)
4. Averin D V 1998 Adiabatic quantum computation with Cooper pairs Solid State Commun. 105 659-664
5. Loss D and Divincenzo D P 1998 Quantum computation with quantum dots Phys. Rev. A 57 120-126 (Pubitemid 128613300)
6. Kane B E 1998 A silicon-based nuclear spin quantum computer Nature 393 133-137
7. Elzerman J M, Hanson R, van Beveren L H W, Witkamp B, Vandersypen LMK and Kouwenhoven L P 2004 Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot Nature 430 431-435 (Pubitemid 38987899)
8. Johnson A C, Petta J R, Taylor J M, Yacoby A, Lukin M D, Marcus C M, Hanson M P and Gossard A C 2005 Triplet-singlet spin relaxation via nuclei in a double quantum dot Nature 435 925-928 (Pubitemid 40896314)
9. Ciorga M, Sachrajda A S, Hawrylak P, Gould C, Zawadzki P, Jullian S, Feng Y and Wasilewski Z 2000 Addition spectrum of a lateral dot from Coulomb and spin-blockade spectroscopy Phys. Rev. B 61 R16315-8
10. Petta J R, Johnson A C, Yacoby A, Marcus C M, Hanson M P and Gossard A C 2005 Pulsed-gate measurements of the singlet-triplet relaxation time in a two-electron double quantum dot Phys. Rev. B 72 161301
11. Petta J R, Johnson A C, Taylor J M, Laird E A, Yacoby A, Lukin M D, Marcus C M, Hanson M P and Gossard A C 2005 Coherent manipulation of coupled electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots Science 309 2180-2184 (Pubitemid 41396061)
12. Koppens F H L, Buizert C, Tielrooij K J, Vink I T, Nowack K C, Meunier T, Kouwenhoven L P and Vandersypen L M K 2006 Driven coherent oscillations of a single electron spin in a quantum dot Nature 442 766-771 (Pubitemid 44261899)
13. Nowack K C, Koppens F H L, Nazarov Y V and Vandersypen LMK 2007 Coherent control of a single electron spin with electric fields Science 318 1430-1433
14. Koppens FHL, Nowack K C and Vandersypen LMK 2008 Spin echo of a single electron spin in a quantum dot Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 236802
15. Reilly D J, Taylor J M, Petta J R, Marcus C M, Hanson M P and Gossard A C 2008 Suppressing spin qubit dephasing by nuclear state preparation Science 321 817-821
16. Pioro-Ladrière M, Obata T, Tokura Y, Shin Y-S, Kubo T, Yoshida K, Taniyama T and Tarucha S 2008 Electrically driven single-electron spin resonance in a slanting Zeeman field Nat. Phys. 4 776-779
17. Barthel C, Reilly D J, Marcus C M, Hanson M P and Gossard A C 2009 Rapid single-shot measurement of a singlet-triplet qubit Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 160503
18. Simmel F, Wharam D A, Kastner M A and Kotthaus J P 1999 Statistics of the Coulomb-blockade peak spacings of a silicon quantum dot Phys. Rev. B 59 R10441-4
19. Rokhinson L P, Guo L J, Chou S Y and Tsui D C 2001 Spin transitions in a small Si quantum dot Phys. Rev. B 63 035321
20. Klein LJ et al 2004 Coulomb blockade in a silicon/silicon-germanium two-dimensional electron gas quantum dot Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 4047-4049
21. Zhong Z, Fang Y, Lu W and Lieber C M 2005 Coherent single charge transport in molecular-scale silicon nanowires Nano Lett. 5 1143-1146 (Pubitemid 40925431)
22. Slinker K A et al 2005 Quantum dots in Si/SiGe 2DEGs with Schottky top-gated leads New J. Phys. 7 246
23. Sakr M R, Jiang H W, Yablonovitch E and Croke E T 2005 Fabrication and characterization of electrostatic Si/SiGe quantum dots with an integrated read-out channel Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 223104
24. Berer T, Pachinger D, Pillwein G, Mühlberger M, Lichtenberger H, Brunthaler G and Schäffler F 2006 Lateral quantum dots in Si/SiGe realized by a Schottky split-gate technique Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 162112
25. Jones G M, Hu B H, Yang C H, Yang M J, Russell Hajdaj and Hehein Gerard 2006 Enhancement-mode metal-oxide-semiconductor single-electron transistor on pure silicon. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 073106
26. Klein L J, Savage D E and Eriksson M A 2007 Coulomb blockade and kondo effect in a few-electron silicon/silicon-germamum quantum dot Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 033103
27. Zimmerman N M, Simonds B J, Fujiwara A, Ono Y, Takahashi Y and Inokawa H 2007 Charge offset stability in tunable-barrier Si single-electron tunneling devices Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 033507 (Pubitemid 46146403)
28. Simmons C B, Thalakulam M, Shaji N, Klein L J, Qin H, Blick R H, Savage D E, Lagally M G, Coppersmith S N and Eriksson M A 2007 Single-electron quantum dot in Si/SiGe with integrated charge sensing Appl. Phys. Lett. 91213103
29. Shaji N et al 2008 Spin blockade and lifetime-enhanced transport in a few-electron Si/SiGe double quantum dot Nat. Phys. 4 540-544
30. Angus S J, Ferguson A J, Dzurak A S and Clark R G 2008 A silicon radio-frequency single electron transistor Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 112103
31. Liu H W, Fujisawa T, Ono Y, Inokawa H, Fujiwara A, Takashina K and Hirayama Y 2008 Pauli-spin-blockade transport through a silicon double quantum dot Phys. Rev. B 77 073310
32. Fuhrer A, Fuchsie M, Reusch T C G, Weber B and Simmons M Y 2009 Atomic-scale, all epitaxial in-plane gated donor quantum dot in silicon Nano Lett. 9 707-710
33. Zwanenburg F A, Van Rijmenam C E W M, Fang Y, Lieber C M and Kouwenhoven L P 2009 Spin states of the first four holes in a silicon nanowire quantum dot Nano Lett. 9 1071-1079
34. Simmons C B et al 2009 Charge sensing and controllable tunnel coupling in a Si/SiGe double quantum dot Nano Lett. 9 3234-3238
35. Nordberg E P et al 2009 Enhancement-mode double-top-gated metal-oxide-semiconductor nanostructures with tunable lateral geometry Phys. Rev. B 80 115331
36. Nordberg E P et al 2009 Charge sensing in enhancement mode double-top-gated metal-oxide-charge sensing in enhancement mode double-top-gated metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dots Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 202102
37. Friesen M, Rugheimer P, Savage D E, Lagally M G, van der Weide D W, Joynt R and Eriksson M A 2003 Practical design and simulation of silicon-based quantum-dot qubits Phys. Rev. B 67 121301
38. Morello A, Escott C C, Huebl H, Willems van Beveren L H, Hollenberg L C L, Jamieson D N, Dzurak A S and Clark R G 2009 Architecture for high-sensitivity single-shot readout and control of the electron spin of individual donors in silicon Phys. Rev. B 80 081307
39. Feher G 1959 Electron spin resonance experiments on donors in silicon. I. Electronic structure of donors by the electron nuclear double resonance technique Phys. Rev. 114 1219-1244
40. Wilson D K and Feher G 1961 Electron spin resonance experiments on donors in silicon. III. Investigation of excited states by the application of uniaxial stress and their importance in relaxation processes Phys. Rev. 124 1068-1083
41. Tyryshkin A M, Lyon S A, Astashkin A V and Raitsimring A M 2003 Electron spin relaxation times of phosphorus donors in silicon Phys. Rev. B 68 193207
42. Tahan C, Friesen M and Joynt R 2002 Decoherence of electron spin qubits in Si-based quantum computers Phys. Rev. B 66 035314
43. Koiller B, Hu X and Das Sarma S 2001 Exchange in silicon-based quantum computer architecture Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 027903
44. Boykin T B, Klimeck G, Eriksson M A, Friesen M, Coppersmith S N, von Allmen P, Oyafuso F and Lee S 2004 Valley splitting in strained silicon quantum wells Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 11.5-7
45. Boykin T B, Klimeck G, Friesen M, Coppersmith S N, Von Allmen P, Oyafuso F and Lee S 2004 Valley splitting in low-density quantum-confined heterostructures studied using tight-binding models Phys. Rev. B 70 165325
46. Eriksson M A, Friesen M, Coppersmith S N, Joynt R, Klein L J, Slinker K A, Tahan C, Mooney P M, Chu J O and Koester S J 2004 Spin-based quantum dot quantum computing in silicon Quantum Info. Process. 3133-3146 (Pubitemid 41218545)
47. x heterostructures Surf. Sci. 361-62 542-546
48. Koester S J, Ismail K and Chu J O 1997 Determination of spin- and valley-split energy levels in strained Si quantum wells Semicond. Sci. Technol. 12 384-388
49. Schumacher H W, Nauen A, Zeitler U, Haug R J, Weitz P, Jansen A G M and Schäffler F 1998 Anomalous coincidences between valley split landau levels in a Si/SiGe heterostructure Physica B 256 260-263 (Pubitemid 128421526)
50. Wilde M A, Rhode M, Heyn C, Heitmann D, Grundler D, Schäffler F and Haug R J 2005 Direct measurements of the spin and valley splittings in the magnetization of a Si/SiGe quantum well in tilted magnetic fields Phys. Rev. B 72 165429
51. Lai K, Pan W, Tsui D C, Lyon S, Mühlberger M and Schäffler F 2006 Intervalley gap anomaly of two-dimensional electrons in silicon Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 076805 (Pubitemid 43297042)
52. x heterostructures in tilted magnetic fields Phys. Rev. B 73 161301
53. Goswami S et al 2007 Controllable valley splitting in silicon quantum devices Nat. Phys. 3 41-45
54. Ando T 1979 Valley splitting in the silicon inversion layer: misorientation effects Phys. Rev. B 19 3089
55. Friesen M, Eriksson M A and Coppersmith S N 2006 Magnetic field dependence of valley splitting in realistic Si/SiGe quantum wells Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 202106 (Pubitemid 44772462)
56. Friesen M, Chutia S, Tahan C and Coppersmith S N 2007 Valley splitting theory of SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells Phys. Rev. B 75 115318
57. Kharche N, Prada M, Boykin T B and Klimeck G 2007 Valley splitting in strained silicon quantum wells modeled with 2° miscuts, step disorder and alloy disorder. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 092109 (Pubitemid 46355711)
58. Friesen M and Coppersmith S N 2009 Theory of valley-orbit coupling in a Si/SiGe quantum dot arXiv:0902.0777v1
59. Van Wees B J, Kouwenhoven L P, Willems E M M, Harmans C J P M, Mooij J E and Foxon C T 1991 Quantum ballistic and adiabatic electron transport studied with quantum point contacts Phys. Rev. B 43 12431-12453
60. Ismail K, Arafa M, Saenger K L, Chu J O and Meyerson B S 1995 Extremely high-electron-mobility in Si/SiGe modulation-doped heterostructures Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 1077-1079
61. 0.7 heterostructure Semicond. Sci. Technol. 10 711-714
62. Scappucci G, Di Gaspare L, Giovine E, Notargiacomo A, Leoni R and Evangelisti F 2006 Conductance quantization in etched Si/SiGe quantum point contacts Phys. Rev. B 74 035321 (Pubitemid 44079248)
63. Wang S L, Van Son P C, Van Wees B J and Klapwijk T M 1992 Quantum conductance of point contacts in Si inversion layers Phys. Rev. B 46 12873-12876
64. Schäffler F 1997 High-mobility Si and Ge structures Semicond. Sci. Technol. 12 1515-1549 (Pubitemid 127631394)
65. Ando T, Fowler A B and Stem F 1982 Electronic properties of two-dimensional systems Rev. Mod. Phys. 54 437-672
66. Sham L J and Nakayama M 1979 Effective-mass approximation in the present of an interface Phys. Rev. B 20 734-747
67. Ohkawa F J and Uemura Y 1977 Theory of valley splitting in an n-channel (100) inversion layer of Si. I. Formulation by extended zone effective mass theory J. Phys. Soc. Japan 43 907-916
68. Ohkawa F J 1978 Electric break-through in an inversion layer: exactly solvable model Solid State Commun. 26 69-71
69. Nestoklon M O, Ivchenko E L, Jancu J-M and Voisin P 2008 Electric field effect on electron spin splitting in SiGe/Si quantum wells Phys. Rev. B 77 155328
70. Takashina K, Ono Y, Fujiwara A, Takahashi Y and Hirayama Y 2006 Valley polarization in Si(100) at zero magnetic field Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 236801 (Pubitemid 43877295)
71. Khrapai V S, Shashkin A A and Dolgopolov V T 2003 Strong enhancement of the valley splitting in a two-dimensional electron system in silicon Phys. Rev. B 67 113305
72. Bevington P R and Robinson D K 2003 Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences 3rd edn (Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill)
73. McGuire L M 2008 Valleys in a Si/SiGe quantum point contact PhD Thesis University of Wisconsin-Madison
74. Beenakker CWJ and van Houten H 1991 Quantum transport in semiconductor nanostructures Solid State Physics: Advances in Research and Applications vol 44 ed H Ehrenreich and D Turnbull (New York: Academic)
75. Reilly D J, Facer G R, Dzurak A S, Kane B E, Clark R G, Stiles P J, Clark R G, Hamilton A R, O'Brien J L and Lumpkin N E 2001 Many-body spin-related phenomena in ultra low-disorder quantum wires Phys. Rev. B 63 121311
76. Lee S and von Allmen P 2006 Magnetic-field dependence of valley splitting in Si quantum wells grown on tilted SiGe substrates Phys. Rev. B 74 245302 (Pubitemid 44866790)
77. Fock V 1928 Bemerkung zur quantelung des harmonischen Oszillators im magnetfeld Z. Phys. 47 446-448
78. Darwin C G 1930 The diamagnetism of the free electron Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 27 86-90
79. Abramowitz M and Stegun IA (ed) 1972 Handbook of Mathematical Functions (New York: Dover)