A review of current and emergent biofilm control strategies

LWT

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 573-583

  Simões, Manuel ^a   Simões, Lúcia C ^b   Vieira, Maria J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINHO   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Biofilm control; Cleaning and disinfection; Dairy biofilms; Enzymes; Interspecies interactions; Microbial metabolites; Phages

Indexed keywords

BACTERIOPHAGES; BIOFILMS; BIOMOLECULES; CELL ADHESION; DISINFECTION; FOOD MICROBIOLOGY; METABOLITES; SPOILAGE;

'CURRENT; BIOFILM CONTROL; BIOFILM FORMATION; CLEANING AND DISINFECTIONS; CONTROL STRATEGIES; DAIRY BIOFILM; HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS; INTERSPECIES INTERACTIONS; MICROBIAL ADHESION; MICROBIAL METABOLITES;

ENZYMES;

EID: 74649084320     PISSN: 00236438     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.12.008     Document Type: Review

References (185)

1. Aarnela K., Lundén J., Korkeala H., and Wirtanen G. Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes strains to disinfectants and chlorinated alkaline cleaners at cold temperatures. LWT - Food Science and Technology 40 (2007) 1041-1048
2. Allison D.G. The biofilm matrix. Biofouling 19 (2003) 139-150
3. Andersson A., Ronner U., and Granum P.E. What problems does the food industry have with the spore-forming pathogens Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens?. International Journal of Food Microbiology 28 (1995) 145-155
4. Antoniou A., and Frank J.F. Removal of Pseudomonas putida and associated extracellular polymeric substances from stainless steel by alkali cleaning. Journal of Food Protection 68 (2005) 277-281
5. Augustin M., Ali-Vehmas T., and Atroshi F. Assessment of enzymatic cleaning agents and disinfectants against bacterial biofilms. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 18 (2004) 55-64
6. Austin J.W., and Bergeron G. Development of bacterial biofilms in dairy processing plants. Journal of Dairy Research 62 (1995) 509-519
7. Banin E., Vasil M.L., and Greenberg P. Iron and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102 (2005) 11076-11081
8. Beck von Bodman S., and Farrand S.K. Capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Erwinia stewartii require induction by an N-acylhomoserine lactone autoinducer. Journal of Bacteriology 177 (1995) 5000-5008
9. Borucki M.K., Peppin J.D., White D., Loge F., and Call D.R. Variation in biofilm formation among strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69 (2003) 7336-7342
10. Bremer P.J., Fillery S., and McQuillan A.J. Laboratory scale clean-in-place (CIP) studies on the effectiveness of different caustic and acid wash steps on the removal of dairy biofilms. International Journal of Food Microbiology 106 (2006) 254-262
11. Bremer P.J., Monk I., and Butler R. Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes/flavobacterium spp. biofilms using chlorine: impact of substrate, pH, time and concentration. Letters in Applied Microbiology 35 (2002) 321-325
12. Breyers J.D., and Ratner J.P. Bioinspired implant materials befuddle bacteria. ASM News 70 (2004) 232-237
13. Carpentier B., and Chassing D. Interactions in biofilms between Listeria monocytogenes and resident microorganisms from food industry premises. International Journal of Food Microbiology 97 (2004) 111-122
14. Chae M.S., Schraft H., Truelstrup L., and Mackereth R. Effects of physicochemical surface characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes strains on attachment to glass. Food Microbiology 23 (2006) 250-259
15. Chaignon P., Sadovskaya I., Ragunah Ch., Ramasubbu N., Kaplan J.B., and Jabbouri S. Susceptibility of staphylococcal biofilms to enzymatic treatments depends on their chemical composition. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 75 (2007) 125-132
16. Characklis W.G., and Cooksey K.E. Biofilms and microbial fouling. Advances in Applied Microbiology 29 (1983) 93-138
17. Characklis W.G., and Wilderer P.A. Glossary. In: Characklis W.G., and Wilderer P.A. (Eds). Structure and function of biofilms (1989) 369-371
18. Chen J., Rossman M.L., and Pawar D.M. Attachment of enterohemorragic Escherichia coli to the surface of beef and a culture medium. LWT - Food Science and Technology 40 (2007) 249-254
19. Chmielewski R.A.N., and Frank J.F. Biofilm formation and control in food processing facilities. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2 (2003) 22-32
20. Chmielewski R.A.N., and Frank J.F. A predictve model for heat inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm on buna-N rubber. LWT - Food Science and Technology 39 (2006) 11-19
21. Christensen B.B., Haagensen J.A.J., Heydorn A., and Molin S. Metabolic commensalism and competition in a two-species microbial consortium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68 (2002) 2495-2502
22. Cloete T.E., and Jacobs L. Surfactants and the attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 3CR12 stainless steel and glass. Water SA 27 (2001) 21-26
23. Cloete T.E., Jacobs L., and Brozel V.S. The chemical control of biofouling in industrial water systems. Biodegradation 9 (1998) 23-37
24. Conte M.P., Longhi C., Polidoro M., Petrone G., Buonfiglio V., Di Santo S., et al. Iron availability affects entry of Listeria monocytogenes into the enterocytelike cell line Caco-2. Infection and Immunity 64 (1996) 3925-3929
25. Daniels R., Vanderleyden J., and Michiels J. Quorum sensing and swarming migration in bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 28 (2004) 261-289
26. Davey M.E., Caiazza N.C., and O'Toole G.A. Rhamnolipid surfactant production affects biofilm architecture in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Journal of Bacteriology 185 (2003) 1027-1036
27. Davies D. Understanding biofilm resistance to antibacterial agents. Nature Reviews in Drug Discovery 2 (2003) 114-122
28. Davies D.G., and Marques C.N. A fatty acid is responsible for inducing dispersion in microbial biofilms. Journal of Bacteriology 191 (2009) 1393-1403
29. Davies D.G., Parsek M.R., Pearson J.P., Iglewski B.H., Costerton J.W., and Greenberg E.P. The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm. Science 280 (1998) 295-298
30. Decho A.W. Chemical communication within microbial biofilms: chemotaxis and quorum sensing in bacterial cells. In: Wingender J., Neu T.R., and Flemming H.-C. (Eds). Microbial extracellular polymeric substances - Characterization, structure and function (1999) 155-170
31. Desai J.D., and Banat I.M. Microbial production of surfactants and their commercial potential. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 61 (1997) 47-64
32. Dogan B., and Boor K.J. Genetic diversity and spoilage potential among Pseudomonas spp. isolated from fluid milk products and dairy processing plants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69 (2003) 130-138
33. Dong Y.-H., Gusti A.R., Zhang Q., Xu J.-L., and Zhang L.-H. Identification of quorum-sensing N-acyl homoserine lactonases from Bacillus species. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68 (2002) 1754-1759
34. Donlan R., and Costerton J.W. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15 (2002) 167-193
35. Donlan R.M. Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces. Emerging Infectious Diseases 8 (2002) 881-890
36. Doolittle M.M., Cooney J.J., and Caldwell D.E. Lytic infection of Escherichia coli biofilms by bacteriophage T4. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41 (1995) 12-18
37. Dosti B., Guzel-Seydim Z., and Greene A.K. Effectiveness of ozone, heat and chlorine for destroying common food spoilage bacteria in synthetic media and biofilms. International Journal of Dairy Technology 58 (2005) 19-24
38. Drenkard E., and Ausubel F.M. Pseudomonas biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance are linked to phenotypic variation. Nature 416 (2002) 740-743
39. Dufour M., Simmonds R.S., and Bremer P.J. Development of a laboratory scale clean-in-place system to test the effectiveness of "natural" antimicrobials against dairy biofilms. Journal of Food Protection 67 (2004) 1438-1443
40. Dunstall G., Rowe M.T., Wisdom G.B., and Kilpatrick D. Effect of quorum sensing agents on the growth kinetics of Pseudomonas spp. of raw milk origin. Journal of Dairy Research 72 (2005) 276-280
41. Dykes G.A., Sampathkumar B., and Korber D.R. Planktonic or biofilm growth affects survival, hydrophobicity and protein expression patterns of a pathogenic Campylobacter jejuni strain. International Journal of Food Microbiology 80 (2003) 1-10
42. Eberhard A., Burlingame A.L., Eberhard C., Kenyon G.L., Nealson K.H., and Oppenheimer N.J. Structural identification of autoinducer of Photobacterium fischeri luciferase. Biochemistry 20 (1981) 2444-2449
43. European Standard - EN 1276. (1997). Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in food, industrial, domestic, and institutional areas - test method and requirements (phase 2, step 1).
44. Fatemi P., and Frank J.F. Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes/Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms by peracid sanitizers. Journal of Food Protection 62 (1999) 761-765
45. Flint S.H., Bremer P.J., and Brooks J.D. Biofilms in dairy manufacturing plant - description, current concerns and methods of control. Biofouling 11 (1997) 81-97
46. Foley I., and Gilbert P. Antibiotic resistance of biofilms. Biofouling 10 (1996) 331-346
47. Forsythe S.J., and Hayes P.R. Food hygiene, microbiology and HACCP. 3rd ed. (1998), Aspen Publishers
48. Frank J.F., and Chmielewski R. Influence of surface finish on the cleanability of stainless steel. Journal of Food Protection 64 (2001) 1178-1182
49. Frank J.F., Ehlers J., and Wicker L. Removal of Listeria monocytogenes and poultry soil-containing biofilms using chemical cleaning and sanitizing agents under static conditions. Food Protection Trends 23 (2003) 654-663
50. Fuqua C., and Greenberg E.P. Listening in on bacteria acyl-homoserine lactone signalling. Nature Reviews in Molecular Cell Biology 3 (2002) 685-695
51. Fuqua W.C., Winans S.C., and Greenberg E.P. Census and consensus in bacterial ecosytems: the LuxR-LuxI family of quorum sensing transcriptional regulators. Annual Reviews in Microbiology 50 (1996) 727-751
52. Fux C.A., Costerton J.W., Stewart P.S., and Stoodley P. Survival strategies of infectious biofilms. Trends in Microbiology 13 (2005) 34-40
53. Garcia-Almendarez B.E., Cann I.K.O., Martin S.E., Guerrero-Legarreta I., and Regalado C. Effect of Lactococcus lactis UQ2 and its bacteriocin on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Food Control 19 (2008) 670-680
54. Gibson, H., Taylor, J. H., Hall, K. E., & Holah, J. T. (1995). Biofilms and their detection in the food industry. In: Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association. R&D Report No. 1.
55. Gibson H.J., Taylor H., Hall K.E., and Holah J.T. Effectiveness of cleaning techniques used in the food industry in terms of the removal of bacterial biofilms. Journal of Applied Microbiology 87 (1999) 41-48
56. Gilbert P., Allison D.G., and McBain A.J. Biofilms in vitro and in vivo: do singular mechanisms influx cross-resistance?. Journal of Applied Microbiology 92 (2002) 98S-110S
57. Gilbert P., and McBain A.J. Potential impact of increased use of biocides in consumer products on prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 16 (2003) 189-208
58. Gottenbos B., van der Mei H.C., Klatter F., Nieuwenhuis P., and Busscher H.J. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of covalently coupled quaternary ammonium silane coatings on silicone rubber. Biomaterials 23 (2001) 1417-1423
59. Gram L. Inhibitory effect against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria of Pseudomonas strains isolated from spoiled and fresh fish. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59 (1993) 2197-2203
60. Gram L., Bagge-Ravn D., Ng Y.Y., Gymoese P., and Vogel B.F. Influence of food soiling matrix on cleaning and disinfection efficiency on surface attached Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 18 (2007) 1165-1171
61. Gram L., Melchiorsen J., Spanggaard B., Huber I., and Nielsen T.F. Inhibition of Vibrio Anguillarum by Pseudomonas fluorescens AH2, a possible probiotic treatment of fish. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65 (1999) 969-973
62. Greene A.K., Few B.K., and Serafini J.C. A comparison of ozonation and chlorination for the disinfection of stainless steel surfaces. Journal of Dairy Science 76 (1993) 3617-3620
63. Griebe T., and Flemming H.-C. Biocide-free antifouling strategy to protect RO biofouling. Desalination 118 (1998) 153-156
64. Hall-Stoodley L., and Stoodley P. Developmental regulation of microbial biofilms. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 13 (2002) 228-233
65. van Hamme J.D., Singh A., and Ward O.P. Physiological aspects Part 1 in a series of papers devoted to surfactants in microbiology and biotechnology. Biotechnology Advances 24 (2006) 604-620
66. Hanlon G.W., Denyer S.P., Ollif C.J., and Ibrahim L.J. Reduction in exopolysaccharide viscosity as an aid to bacteriophage penetration through Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67 (2001) 2746-2753
67. Harbron R.S., and Kent C.A. Aspects of cell adhesion. In: Melo L.F., Bott T.R., and Bernardo C.A. (Eds). NATO ASI series Vol. 145 (1988) 125-140
68. Hashimoto H. Evaluation of the anti-biofilm effect of a new antibacterial silver citrate/lecithin coating in an in-vitro experimental system using a modified Robbins device. Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 75 (2001) 678-685
69. Heinzel M. Phenomena of biocide resistance in microorganisms. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 41 (1998) 225-234
70. Hibma A.M., Jassim S.A., and Griffiths M.W. Infection and removal of L-forms of Listeria monocytogenes with bred bacteriophage. International Journal of Food Microbiology 34 (1997) 197-207
71. Holah J.T. Industrial monitoring: hygiene in food processing. In: Melo L.F., Bott T.R., Fletcher M., and Capdeville B. (Eds). Biofilms - Science and technology (1992) 645-659
72. Hughes K.A., Sutherland I.W., Clark J., and Jones M.V. Bacteriophage and associated polysaccharide depolymerises - novel tools for study of bacterial biofilms. Journal of Applied Microbiology 85 (1998) 583-590
73. Hughes K.A., Sutherland I.W., and Jones M.V. Biofilm susceptibility to bacteriophage attack: the role of phage-borne polysaccharide depolymerase. Microbiology 144 (1998) 3039-3047
74. Jacquelin L.F., Le Magrex E., Brisset L., Carquin J., Berthet A., and Choisy C. Synergy effect of enzymes or surfactants in association with a phenolic disinfectant on a bacterial biofilm. Patholologie Biologie 42 (1994) 425-431
75. Jahn A., and Nielsen P.H. Cell biomass and exopolymer composition in sewer biofilms. Water Science and Technology 37 (1998) 17-24
76. Janneke G., Wijman E., Patrick P., de Leeuw L.A., Mooezelaar R., Zwietering M.H., et al. Air-liquid interface biofilms of Bacillus cereus: formation, sporulation, and dispersion. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73 (2007) 1481-1488
77. Jessen B., and Lammert L. Biofilm and disinfection in meat processing plants. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 51 (2003) 265-269
78. Johansen C., Falholt P., and Gram L. Enzymatic removal and disinfection of bacterial biofilms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 9 (1997) 3724-3728
79. Kives J., Guadarrama D., Orgaz B., Rivera-Sem A., Vazquez J., and SanJose C. Interactions in biofilms of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris and Pseudomonas fluorescens cultured in cold UHT milk. Journal of Dairy Science 88 (2005) 4165-4171
80. Klueh U., Wagner V., Kelly S., Johnson A., and Bryers J.D. Efficacy of silver-coated fabric to prevent bacterial colonization and subsequent device-based biofilm formation. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research (2000) 621-631
81. Kreske A.C., Ryu J.-H., Pettigrew C.A., and Beuchat L.R. Lethality of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a commercial produce sanitizer to Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas in a liquid detergent, on stainless steel, and in biofilm. Journal of Food Protection 14 (2006) 2621-2634
82. Kuda T., Yano T., and Kuda M.T. Resistances to benzalkonium chloride of bacteria dried with food elements on stainless steel surface. LWT - Food Science and Technology 41 (2008) 988-993
83. Kudva I.T., Jelacic S., Tarr P.I., Youderian P., and Hovde C.J. Biocontrol of Escherichia coli O157 with O157-specific bacteriophages. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65 (1999) 3767-3773
84. Kumar C.G., and Anand S.K. Significance of microbial biofilms in food industry: review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 42 (1998) 9-27
85. Langsrud S., Sidhu M.A., Heir E., and Holck A.L. Bacterial disinfectant resistance - a challenge for the food industry. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 51 (2003) 283-290
86. Lapidot A., Romling U., and Yaron S. Biofilm formation and the survival of Salmonella typhimurium on parsley. International Journal of Food Microbiology 109 (2006) 229-233
87. Lehner A., Riedel K., Eberl L., Breeuwer P., Diep B., and Stephan R. Biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide production, and cell-to-cell signalling in various Enterobacter sakazakii strains: aspects promoting environmental persistence. Journal of Food Protection 68 (2005) 2287-2294
88. Leriche V., and Carpentier B. Limitation of adhesion and growth of Listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel surfaces by Staphylococcus sciuri biofilms. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88 (2000) 594-605
89. Lindsay D., Brözel V.S., Mostert J.F., and Von Holy A. Differential efficacy of a chlorine dioxide-containing sanitizer against single and binary biofilms of a dairy associated Bacillus cereus and a Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate. Journal of Applied Microbiology 92 (2002) 352-361
90. Lindsay D., Brözel V.S., and von Holy A. Biofilm-spore response in Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis during nutrient limitation. Journal of Food Protection 69 (2006) 1168-1172
91. Lomander A., Schreuders P., Russek-Cohen E., and Ali L. Evaluation of chlorines impact on biofilms on scratched stainless steel surfaces. Bioresources Technology 94 (2004) 275-283
92. Lu T.K., and Collins J.J. Dispersing biofilms with engineered enzymatic bacteriophage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 104 (2007) 11197-11202
93. Machuca A., and Milagres A.M.F. Use of CAS-agar plate modified to study the effect of different variables on the siderophore production by Aspergillus. Letters in Applied Microbiology 36 (2003) 177-181
94. Mah T.-F., and O'Toole G.A. Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents. Trends in Microbiology 9 (2001) 34-39
95. Mahdavi M., Jalali M., and Kermanshahi R.K. The effect of nisin on biofilm forming foodborne bacteria using microtiter plate method. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2 (2007) 113-118
96. Marques S.C., Rezende J.G.O.S., Alves L.A.F., Silva B.C., Alves E., Abreu L.R., et al. Formation of biofilms by Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel and glass surfaces and its resistance to some selected chemical sanitizers. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 38 (2007) 538-543
97. Maukonen J., Mättö J., Wirtanen G., Raaska L., Mattila-Sandholm T., and Saarela M. Methodologies for the characterization of microbes in industrial environments: a review. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 30 (2003) 327-356
98. McBain A.J., Rickard A.H., and Gilbert P. Possible implications of biocide accumulation in the environment on the prevalence of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 29 (2002) 326-330
99. Meyer B. Approaches to prevention, removal and killing of biofilms. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 51 (2003) 249-253
100. Meylheuc T., Renault M., and Bellon-Fontaine M.N. Adsorption of a biosurfactant on surfaces to enhance the disinfection of surfaces contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. International Journal of Food Microbiology 109 (2006) 71-78
101. Midelet G., and Carpentier B. Impact of cleaning and disinfection agents on biofilm structure and on microbial transfer to a solid model food. Journal of Applied Microbiology 97 (2004) 262-270
102. Millsap K.W., Reid G., van der Mei H.C., and Busscher H.J. Adhesion of Lactobacillus species in urine and phosphate buffer to silicone rubber and glass under flow. Biomaterials 18 (1997) 87-91
103. Mireles J.R., Toguchi A., and Harshey R.M. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium swarming mutants with altered biofilm-forming abilities: surfactin inhibits biofilm formation. Journal of Bacteriology 183 (2001) 5848-5854
104. Mittelman M.W. Structure and functional characteristics of bacterial biofilms in fluid processing operations. Journal of Dairy Science 81 (1998) 2760-2764
105. Morton L.H.G., Greenway D.L.A., Gaylarde C.C., and Surman S.B. Consideration of some implications of the resistance of biofilms to biocides. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 41 (1998) 247-259
106. Møretrø T., and Langsrud S. Listeria monocytogenes: biofilm formation and persistence in food processing environments. Biofilms 1 (2004) 107-121
107. Mosteller T.M., and Bishop J.R. Sanitizer efficacy against attached bacteria in milk biofilm. Journal of Food Protection 56 (1993) 34-41
108. Musk D.J., Banko D.A., and Hergenrother P.J. Iron salts perturb biofilm formation and disrupt existing biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chemistry & Biology 12 (2005) 786-796
109. Neu T.R. Significance of bacterial surface-active compounds in interaction of bacteria with interfaces. Microbiological Reviews 60 (1996) 151-166
110. Nitschke M., and Costa S.G.V.A.O. Biosurfactants in food industry. Trends in Food Science and Technology 18 (2007) 252-259
111. Ntsama-Essomba C., Boutier S., Ramaldes M., Dubois-Brissonet F., and Fourniat J. Resistance of Escherichia coli growing as biofilms to disinfectants. Veterinary Research 28 (1997) 353-363
112. Oliver S.P., Jayarao B.M., and Almeida R.A. Food borne pathogens in milk and the dairy farm environment: food safety and public health implications. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 2 (2005) 115-129
113. O'Toole G., Kaplan H.B., and Kolter R. Biofilm formation as microbial development. Annual Reviews in Microbiology 54 (2000) 49-79
114. Oulahal N., Brice W., Martial A., and Degraeve P. Quantitative analysis of survival Staphylococcus aureus or Listeria innocua on two types of surfaces: propylene and stainless steel in contact with three different dairy products. Food Control 19 (2008) 178-185
115. Oulahal-Lagsir N., Martial-Gros A., Bonneau M., and Blum L.J. "Escherichia coli-milk" biofilm removal from stainless steel surfaces: synergism between ultrasonic waves and enzymes. Biofouling 19 (2003) 159-168
116. Pan Y., Breidt Jr. F., and Kathariou S. Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms to sanitizing agents in a simulated food processing environment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72 (2006) 7711-7717
117. Park A.-I., Daeschel M.A., and Zhao Y. Functional properties of antimicrobial lysozyme-chitosan composite films. Journal of Food Safety 69 (2004) 215-221
118. Parkar S.G., Flint S.H., and Brooks J.D. Evaluation of the effect of cleaning regimes on biofilms of thermophilic bacilli on stainless steel. Journal of Applied Microbiology 96 (2004) 110-116
119. Parsek M.R., and Greenberg E.P. Sociomicrobiology: the connections between quorum sensing and biofilms. Trends in Microbiology 13 (2005) 27-33
120. Passador L., Cook J.M., Gambello M.J., Rust L., and Iglewski B.H. Expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence genes requires cell-to-cell communication. Science 260 (1993) 1127-1130
121. Patel J.D., Ebert M., Ward R., and Anderson J.M. S. epidermidis biofilm formation: effects of biomaterial surface chemistry and serum proteins. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research A 80 (2007) 742-751
122. Pearson J.P., Delden C.V., and Iglewski B.H. Active efflux and diffusion are involved in transport of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell-to-cell signals. Journal of Bacteriology 181 (1999) 1203-1210
123. Pearson J.P., Passador L., Iglewski B.H., and Greenberg E.P. A second N-acylhomoserine lactone signal produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 92 (1995) 1490-1494
124. Pereira A., Mendes J., and Melo L.F. Using nanovibrations to monitor biofouling. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (2008) 1407-1415
125. Pereira A., Mendes J., and Melo L.F. Monitoring cleaning-in-place of shampoo films using nanovibration technology. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 136 (2009) 376-382
126. Pereira M.O., Machado S., Simões L.C., Machado I., Simões M., and Vieira M.J. Influence of material type and surface benzalkonium chloride preconditioning on biofilm formation and activity. In: Wilson D.I., Chew J.Y.M., Freyer P.J., and Hasting A.P.M. (Eds). Proceedings of the international conference fouling, cleaning and disinfection in food processing (2006) 347-353 Cambridge, UK
127. Philip-Chandy R., Scully P.J., Eldridge P., Kadim H.J., Grapin G., Jonca M.G., et al. An optical fiber sensor for biofilm measurement using intensity modulation and image analysis. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 6 (2000) 764-772
128. Rasmussen T.B., Skindersoe M.E., Bjarnsholt T., Phipps R.K., Christensen K.B., Jensen P.O., et al. Identity and effects of quorum-sensing inhibitors produced by Penicillium species. Microbiology 151 (2005) 1325-1340
129. Rivardo F., Turner R.J., Allegrone G., Ceri H., and Martinotti M.G. Anti-adhesion activity of two biosurfactants produced by Bacillus spp. prevents biofilm formation of human bacterial pathogens. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 83 (2009) 541-553
130. Robbins J.B., Fisher C.W., Moltz A.G., and Martin S.E. Elimination of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms with ozone, chlorine, and hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Food Protection 68 (2005) 494-498
131. Rodrigues L.R., van der Mei H.C., Teixeira J.A., and Oliveira R. Biosurfactant from Lactococcus lactis 53 inhibits microbial adhesion on silicone rubber. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 66 (2004) 306-311
132. Rogers J., Dowsett A.B., Dennis P.J., Lee J.V., and Keevil C.W. Influence of plumbing materials on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in potable water systems. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60 (1994) 1842-1851
133. Rosmaninho R., Santos O., Nylander T., Paulsson M., Müller-Steinhagen H., and Melo L. Modified stainless steel surfaces targeted to reduce fouling - evaluation of fouling by milk components. Journal of Food Engineering 80 (2007) 1176-1187
134. Rossmore H.W. Introduction to biocide use. In: Rossmoore H.W. (Ed). Handbook of biocide and preservative use (1995) 1-18
135. Røssland E., Langsrud T., Granum P.E., and Sørhaug T. Production of antimicrobial metabolites by strains of Lactobacillus or Lactococcus co-cultured with Bacillus cereus in milk. International Journal of Food Microbiology 98 (2005) 193-200
136. Ryan R.P., and Dow J.M. Diffusive signals and interspecies communication in bacteria. Microbiology 154 (2008) 1845-1858
137. Salo S., Ehavald H., Raaska L., Vokk R., and Wirtanen G. Microbial surveys in Estonian dairies. LWT - Food Science and Technology 39 (2006) 460-471
138. Sauer K., and Camper A.K. Characterization of phenotypic changes in Pseudomonas putida in response to surface-associated growth. Journal of Bacteriology 183 (2001) 6579-6589
139. Schlech W.F., Lavigne P.M., Bortolussi R.A., Allen A.C., Haldane E.V., Wort A.I., et al. Epidemic listeriosis - evidence for transmission by food. New England Journal of Medicine 308 (1983) 203-206
140. Sharma M., and Anand S.K. Characterization of constitutive microflora of biofilms in dairy processing lines. Food Microbiology 19 (2002) 627-636
141. Sharma M., and Anand S.K. Biofilms evaluation as an essential component of HACCP for food/dairy industry - a case. Food Control 13 (2002) 469-477
142. Sharma M., Ryu J.H., and Beuchat L.R. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in biofilm on stainless steel by treatment with an alkaline cleaner and a bacteriophage. Journal of Applied Microbiology 99 (2005) 449-459
143. Sidhu M.S., Langsrud S., and Holck A. Disinfectant and antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria isolated from food industry. Microbial Drug Resistance 7 (2001) 73-83
144. Sihorkar V., and Vyas S.P. Biofilm consortia on biomedical and biological surfaces: delivery and targeting strategies. Pharmaceutical Research 18 (2001) 1254-1427
145. Sillankorva S., Oliveira D.R., Vieira M.J., Sutherland I.W., and Azeredo J. Bacteriophage F{cyrillic} S1 infection of Pseudomonas fluorescens planktonic cells versus biofilms. Biofouling 20 (2004) 133-138
146. Simões L.C., Simões M., and Vieira M.J. Biofilm interactions between distinct bacterial genera isolated from drinking water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73 (2007) 6192-6200
147. Simões M., Bennett R.N., and Rosa E.A.S. Understanding antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals against multidrug resistant bacteria and biofilms. Natural Product Reports 26 (2009) 746-757
148. Simões M., Pereira M.O., and Vieira M.J. Effect of mechanical stress on biofilms challenged by different chemicals. Water Research 39 (2005) 5142-5152
149. Simões M., Sillankorva S., Pereira M.O., Azeredo J., and Vieira M.J. The effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the phenotype of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms. Biofouling 24 (2007) 249-258
150. Simões M., Simões L.C., Cleto S., Pereira M.O., and Vieira M.J. The effects of a biocide and a surfactant on the detachment of Pseudomonas fluorescens from glass surfaces. International Journal of Food Microbiology 121 (2008) 335-341
151. Simões M., Simões L.C., Machado I., Pereira M.O., and Vieira M.J. Control of flow-generated biofilms using surfactants - evidence of resistance and recovery. Food and Bioproducts Processing 84 (2006) 338-345
152. Simões M., and Vieira M.J. Persister cells in Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms treated with a biocide. Proceedings of the international conference processes in biofilms: Fundamentals to applications (2009) 58-62 Davis, CA, USA
153. Singh P.K., Parsek M.R., Greenberg P.E., and Welsh M.J. A component of innate immunity prevents bacterial biofilm development. Nature 417 (2002) 552-555
154. Smith L., Fratamico P.M., and Novak J.S. Quorum sensing: a primer for food microbiologists. Journal of Food Protection 67 (2004) 1053-1070
155. Somers E.B., Schoeni J.L., and Wong A.C.L. Effect of trisodium phosphate on biofilm and planktonic cells of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium. International Journal of Food Microbiology 22 (1994) 269-276
156. Somers E.B., and Wong A.C. Efficacy of two cleaning and sanitizing combinations on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms formed at low temperature on a variety of materials in the presence of ready-to-eat-meat residue. Journal of Food Protection 67 (2004) 2218-2229
157. Splendiani A., Livingston A.G., and Nicolella C. Control membrane-attached biofilms using surfactants. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 94 (2006) 15-23
158. Srinivasan R., Stewart P.S., Griebe T., Chen C.-I., and Xu X. Biofilm parameters influencing biocide efficacy. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995) 553-560
159. Stoodley P., Lewandowski Z., Boyle J.D., and Lappin-Scott H.M. Influence of hydrodynamic conditions and nutrients on biofilm structure. Journal of Applied Microbiology 85 (1999) 19S-28S
160. Surette M.G., Miller M.B., and Bassler B.L. Quorum sensing in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Vibrio harveyi: a new family of genes responsible for autoinducer production. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96 (1999) 1639-1644
161. Sutherland I.W. The biofilm matrix - an immobilized but dynamic microbial environment. Trends in Microbiology 9 (2001) 222-227
162. Sutherland I.W., Hughes K.A., Skillman L.C., and Tait K. The interaction of phage and biofilms. FEMS Microbiology Letters 232 (2004) 1-6
163. Tait K., and Sutherland I.W. Antagonistic interactions amongst bacteriocin-producing enteric bacteria in dual species biofilms. Journal of Applied Microbiology 93 (1998) 345-352
164. Thouvenin M., Langlois V., Briandet R., Langlois J.Y., Guerin P.H., Peron J.J., et al. Study of erodable paint properties involved in antifouling activity. Biofouling 19 (2003) 177-186
165. Tsibouklis J., Stone M., Thorpe A.A., Graham P., Nevell T.G., and Ewen R.J. Inhibiting bacterial adhesion onto surfaces: the non-stick coating approach. International Journal of Adhesion 20 (2000) 91-96
166. Tsuneda S., Aikawa H., Hayashi H., Yuasa A., and Hirata A. Extracellular polymeric substances responsible for bacterial adhesion onto solid surface. FEMS Microbiology Letters 223 (2003) 287-292
167. Unnerstad H., Bannerman E., Bille J., Danielsson-Tham M.-L., Waak E., and Tham W. Prolonged contamination of a dairy with Listeria monocytogenes. Netherland Milk Dairy Journal 50 (1996) 493-499
168. Valenti P., and Antonini G. Lactoferrin: an important host defence against microbial and viral attack. Cell and Molecular Life Sciences 62 (2005) 2576-2587
169. Valle J., Re D.S., Henry N., Fontaine T., Balestrino D., Latour-Lambert P., et al. Broad-spectrum biofilm inhibition by a secreted bacterial polysaccharide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103 (2006) 12558-12563
170. Veran J. Biofouling in food processing: biofilm or biotransfer potential?. Food and Bioproducts Processing 80 (2002) 292-298
171. Verstraeten N., Braeken K., Debkumari B., Fauvart M., Fransaer J., Vermant J., et al. Living on a surface: swarming and biofilm formation. Trends in Microbiology 16 (2008) 496-506
172. Vieira M.J., Melo L., and Pinheiro M.M. Biofilm formation: hydrodynamic effects on internal diffusion and structure. Biofouling 7 (1993) 67-80
173. Vilar M.J., Yus E., Sanjuan M.L., Dieguez F.J., and Rodriguez-Otero J.L. Prevalence of and risk factors for Listeria species on dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science 90 (2007) 5083-5088
174. Waak E., Tham W., and Danielsson-Tham M.-L. Prevalence and fingerprinting of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from raw whole milk in farm tanks and in dairy plant receiving tanks. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68 (2002) 3366-3370
175. Walencka E., Różalska S., Sadowska B., and Różalska B. The influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus-derived surfactants on staphylococcal adhesion and biofilm formation. Folia Microbiologica 53 (2008) 61-66
176. Weng Y.-M., Chen M.-J., and Chen W. Antimicrobial food packing materials from poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid). LWT - Food Science and Technology 32 (1999) 191-195
177. Whitchurch C.B., Tolker-Nielsen T., Ragas P.C., and Mattick J.S. Extracellular DNA required for bacterial biofilm formation. Science 295 (2002) 1487
178. Whitehead K.A., Collingon J.S., and Verran J. The production of surfaces of defined topography and chemistry for microbial retention studies, using ion beam sputtering technology. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 54 (2004) 143-151
179. Whitehead K.A., Collingon J., and Verran J. Retention of microbial cells in substratum surface features of micrometer and sub-micrometer dimensions. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 41 (2005) 129-138
180. Wiedmann M., Weilmeier D., Dineen S.S., Ralyea R., and Boor K.J. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from milk. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66 (2000) 2085-2095
181. Wingender J., Neu T.R., and Flemming H.-C. What are bacterial extracellular polymeric substances?. In: Wingender J., Neu T.R., and Flemming H.-C. (Eds). Microbial extracellular polymeric substances - Characterization, structure and function (1999) 1-19
182. Wirtanen G., Saarela M., and Mattila-Sandholm T. Biofilms - impact on hygiene in food industries. In: Bryers J.D. (Ed). Biofilms II: Process analysis and applications (2000) 327-372
183. Wong A.C.L. Biofilm in food processing environments. Journal of Dairy Science 81 (1998) 2765-2770
184. Zhao T., Doyle M.P., and Zhao P. Control of Listeria monocytogenes in a biofilm by competitive-exclusion microorganisms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70 (2004) 3996-4003
185. Zobell C.E. The effect of solid surfaces upon bacterial activity. Journal of Bacteriology 46 (1943) 39-56