Physiological aspects. Part 1 in a series of papers devoted to surfactants in microbiology and biotechnology

Biotechnology Advances

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 604-620

  Van Hamme, Jonathan D ^b   Singh, Ajay ^a   Ward, Owen P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b THOMPSON RIVERS UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biosurfactant; Chemical surfactant; De emulsification; Emulsification; Environmental applications; Oil recovery; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

BIOSURFACTANTS; CHEMICAL SURFACTANTS; DE-EMULSIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS; OIL RECOVERY;

BIODEGRADATION; BIOTECHNOLOGY; EMULSIFICATION; HYDROPHOBICITY; MICROBIOLOGY; SOLUBILITY; TOXICITY;

SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS;

SURFACTANT;

BIOAVAILABILITY; BIOTECHNOLOGY; ENZYME; HEAVY METAL; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MICROBIOLOGY; ORGANIC COMPOUND; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; SURFACTANT;

BACTERIAL PHENOMENA AND FUNCTIONS; BACTERIUM; BACTERIUM ADHERENCE; BIOFILM; BIOTECHNOLOGY; DRUG EFFECT; FUNGUS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

BACTERIA; BACTERIAL ADHESION; BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGY; BIOFILMS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; FUNGI; SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33749327044     PISSN: 07349750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.08.001     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. Aehle W., Gerritse G., and Lenting H.B.M. Lipase with improved surfactant resistance (1995) WO 95/30744
2. Alfani F., Cantarella M., Spreti N., Germani R., and Savelli G. Alpha-chymotrypsin superactivity in cetyltrialkylammonium bromide-rich media. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 88 (2000) 1-15
3. Al-Tahhan R., Sandrin T.R., Bodour A.A., and Maier R.M. Rhamnolipid-induced removal of lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: effect on cell surface properties and interaction with hydrophobic substrates. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 (2000) 3263-3268
4. Anu Appaiah K.A., and Karanth N.G.K. Insecticide specific emulsifier production by hexachlorocyclohexane utilizing Pseudomonas tralucida Ptm strain. Biotechnol Lett 13 (1991) 371-374
5. Ash M., and Ash I. Handbook of industrial surfactants (1993), Gower Publishing Company, VT
6. Ashtaputre A.A., and Shah A.K. Studies on a viscous, gel-forming exopolysaccharide from Sphingomonas paucimobilis GS1. Appl Environ Microbiol (1995) 1159-1162
7. Azuma T., and Demain A.L. Interactions between gramicidin S and its producer, Bacillus brevis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 17 (1996) 56-61
8. Banat I.M. Biosurfactant production and possible uses in microbial enhanced oil recovery and oil pollution remediation. Biores Technol 51 (1995) 1-12
9. Barkovskii A.L., and Fukui H. A simple method for differential isolation of freely dispersed and particle-associated peat microorganisms. J Microbiol Methods 56 (2004) 93-105
10. Benincasa M., Abalos A., Oliveira I., and Manresa A. Chemical structure, surface properties and biological activities of the biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI from soapstock. Ant van Leeuw 85 (2004) 1-8
11. Bodour A.A., Guerrero-Barajas C., Jiorle B.V., Malcomson M.E., Paull A.K., Somogyi A., et al. Structure and characterization of flavolipids, a novel class of biosurfactants produced by Flavobacterium sp. strain MTN11. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 (2004) 114-120
12. Boles B.R., Thoendel M., and Singh P.K. Rhamnolipids mediate detachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from biofilms. Mol Microbiol 57 (2005) 1210-1223
13. Bonilla M., Olivaro C., Corona M., Vazquez A., and Soubes M. Production and characterization of a new bioemulsifier from Pseudomonas putida ML2. J Appl Microbiol 98 (2005) 456-463
14. Boonchan S., Britz M.L., and Stanley G.A. Surfactant-enhanced biodegradation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Biotechnol Bioeng 59 (1998) 482-494
15. Branda S.S., Gonzáles-Pastor J.E., Ben-Yehuda S., Losick R., and Kolter R. Fruiting body formation by Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 (2001) 11621-11626
16. Brandt K.K., Pedersen A., and Sørensen J. Solid-phase contact assay that uses a lux-marked Nitrosomonas europaea reporter strain to estimate toxicity of bioavailable linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 (2002) 3502-3508
17. Caiazza N.C., Shanks R.M.Q., and O'Toole G.A. Rhamnolipids modulate swarming motility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 187 (2005) 7351-7361
18. Calfee M.W., Shelton J.G., McCubrey J.A., and Pesci E.C. Solubility and bioactivity of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal are increased by Pseudomonas aeruginosa-produced surfactant. Infect Immun 73 (2005) 878-882
19. Cameotra S.S., and Makkar R.S. Synthesis of biosurfactants in extreme conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 50 (1998) 520-529
20. Cameotra S.S., and Makkar R.S. Recent applications of biosurfactants as biological and immunological molecules. Curr Opin Microbiol 7 (2004) 262-266
21. Carrillo C., Teruel J.A., Aranda F.J., and Ortiz A. Molecular mechanism of membrane permeabilization by the peptide antibiotic surfactin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1611 (2003) 91-97
22. Ceremonie H., Buret F., Simonet P., and Vogel T.M. Isolation of lightning-competent soil bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 (2004) 6342-6346
23. Chang S.T., Lee H.J., and Gu M. Enhancement in the sensitivity of an immobilized cell-based soil biosensor for monitoring PAH toxicity. Sens Actuators, B, Chem 97 (2004) 272-276
24. Chen F., Chen C.-C., Riadi L., and Ju L.-K. Modeling rhl quorum-sensing regulation on rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biotechnol Prog 20 (2004) 1325-1331
25. Ciglenecki I., Plavsic M., Vojvodic V., Cosovic B., Pepi M., and Baldi F. Mucopolysaccharide transformation by sulfide in diatom cultures and natural mucilage. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 263 (2003) 125-132
26. Cirigliano M.C., and Carman G.M. Isolation of a bioemulsifier from Candida lipolytica. Appl Environ Microbiol 48 (1984) 747-750
27. Collier D.N., Anderson L., McKnight S.L., Noah T.L., Knowles M., Boucher R., et al. A bacterial cell to cell signal in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. FEMS Microbiol Lett 215 (2002) 41-46
28. Connelly M.B., Young G.M., and Sloma A. Extracellular proteolytic activity plays a central role in swarming motility in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 186 (2004) 4159-4167
29. Costerton J.W., Nickel J.C., and Ladd T.I. Suitable methods for the comparative study of free-living and surface-associated bacterial populations. In: Poindexter J.S., and Leadbetter E.R. (Eds). Bacteria in nature vol. 2 (1986), Plenum Press, New York
30. Crouch E., Hartshorn K., and Ofek I. Collectins and pulmonary innate immunity. Immunol Rev 173 (2000) 52-65
31. Davey M.E., and O'Toole G.O. Microbial biofilms: from ecology to molecular genetics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64 (2000) 847-867
32. Davey M.E., Caiazza N.C., and O'Toole G.A. Rhamnolipid surfactant production affects biofilm architecture in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. J Bacteriol 185 (2003) 1027-1036
33. Davies D.G., Parsek M.R., Pearson J.P., Iglewski B.H., Costerton J.W., and Greenberg E.P. The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm. Science 280 (1998) 295-298
34. de Souza J.T., de Boer M., de Waard P., van Beek T.A., and Raaijmakers J.M. Biochemical, genetic, and zoosporocidal properties of cyclic lipopeptide surfactants produced by Pseudomonas fluroescens. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 (2003) 7161-7172
35. Desai J.D., and Banat I.M. Microbial production of surfactants and their commercial potential. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 61 (1997) 47-64
36. Déziel E., Lépine F., Milot S., and Villemur R. rhlA is required for the production of a novel biosurfactant promoting swarming motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 3-(3-hydroyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acids (HAAs), the precursors of rhamnolipids. Microbiology 149 (2003) 2005-2013
37. Dong G., Vieille C., and Zeikus J.G. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene encoding amylopullulanase from Pyrococcus furiosus and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 (1997) 3577-3584
38. Donovan B.W., Reuter J.D., Cao Z., Myc A., Johnson K.J., and Baker Jr. J.R. Prevention of murine influenza A virus pneumonitis by surfactant nano-emulsions. Antivir Chem Chemother 11 (2000) 41-49
39. Duan K., Dammel C., Stein J., Rabin H., and Surette M.G. Modulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene expression by host microflora through interspecies communication. Mol Microbiol 50 (2003) 1477-1491
40. Elsgaard L., Petersen S.O., and Debosz K. Effects and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in agricultural soil: 1. Short-term effects on soil microbiology. Environ Toxicol Chem 20 (2001) 1656-1663
41. Elsgaard L., Petersen S.O., and Debosz K. Effects and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in agricultural soil: 2. Effects on soil microbiology as influenced by sewage sludge and incubation time. Environ Toxicol Chem 20 (2001) 1664-1672
42. Falagas M.E., and Kasiakou S.K. Colistin: the revival of polymyxins for the management of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Clin Infect Dis 40 (2005) 1333-1341
43. Fiechter A. Biosurfactants - moving towards industrial application. Trends Biotechnol 10 (1992) 208-217
44. Foght J.M., Gutnick D.L., and Westlake D.W.S. Effect of emulsan on biodegradation of crude oil by pure and mixed bacterial cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 55 (1989) 36-42
45. Fukahori M., Akatsu S., Sato H., and Yotsuyanagi T. Bacterial susceptibility to butyl p-hydroxybenzoate in the presence of polyoxyethylene cetyl ether. Biocontrol Sci 3 (1998) 47-49
46. Fukahori M., Takatsuji Y., Akatsu S., Sato H., and Yotsuyanagi T. Effect of polyoxyethylene cetyl ether on the cellular uptake and antibacterial activity of butyl p-hydroxybenzoate against Escherichia coli. Biocontrol Sci 3 (1998) 23-29
47. García M.T., Campos E., Sánchez-Leal J., and Ribosa I. Anaerobic degradation and toxicity of commercial cationic surfactants in anaerobic screening tests. Chemosphere 41 (2000) 705-710
48. Gavala H.N., and Ahring B.K. Inhibition of the anaerobic digestion process by linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. Biodegradation 13 (2002) 201-209
49. Gerard J., Lloyd R., Barsby T., Haden P., Kelly M.T., Andersen R.J., et al. Antimycobacterial cyclic depsipeptides produced by two pseudomonads isolated from marine habitats. J Nat Prod 60 (1997) 223-229
50. Glover R.E., Smith R.R., Jones M.V., Jackson S.K., and Rowlands C.C. An EPR investigation of surfactant action on bacterial membranes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 177 (1999) 57-62
51. Godchaux III W., and Leadbetter E.R. Unusual sulfonolipids are characteristic of the Cytophaga-Flexibacter group. J Bacteriol 153 (1983) 1238-1246
52. Goncalves A.M.D., Aires-Barros M.R., and Cabral J.M.S. Interaction of an anionic surfactant with a recombinant cutinase from Fusarium solani Pisi: a spectroscopic study. Enzyme Microb Technol 32 (2003) 868-879
53. Gutnik D.L., and Shabtai Y. Exopolysaccharide bioemulsifiers. In: Kosaric N., Cairns W.L., and Gray N.C.C. (Eds). Biosurfactants and biotechnology (1987), Dekker, New York 211-246
54. Haba E., Pinazo A., Jauregui O., Espuny M.J., Infante M.R., and Manresa A. Physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial properties of rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 NCBIM 40044. Biotechnol Bioeng 81 (2003) 316-322
55. Hamouda T., Myc A., Donovan B., Shih A.Y., Reuter J.D., and Baker J.R. A novel surfactant nanoemulsion with a unique non-irritant topical antimicrobial activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses and fungi. Microbiol Res 156 (2001) 1-7
56. Hansen S., and Holmskov U. Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) and the molecular diverted descendants: conglutinin, CL-43 and CL-46. Immunobiology 205 (2002) 498-517
57. Hearn E.M., Dennis J.J., Gray M.R., et al. Identification and characterization of the emhABC efflux system for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Pseudomonas fluorescens cLP6a. J Bacteriol 185 (2003) 6233-6240
58. Hearn E.M., Gray M.R., and Foght J.M. Mutations in the central cavity and periplasmic domain affect efflux activity of the resistance-nodulation-division pump EmhB from Pseudomonas fluorescens cLP6a. J Bacteriol 188 (2006) 115-123
59. Hickling T.P., Clark H., Malhotra R., and Sim R.B. Collectins and their role in lung immunity. J Leukoc Biol 75 (2004) 27-33
60. Hommel R.K., Stegner S., Kleber H.-P., and Weber L. Effect of ammonium ions on glycolipid production by Candida (Torulopsis) apicola. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 42 (1994) 192-197
61. Hutchison M.L., and Gross DC. Lipopeptide phytotoxins produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae: comparison of the biosurfactant and ion channel-forming activities of syringopeptin and syringomycin. Mol Plant-Microb Interact 10 (1997) 347-354
62. Inoh Y., Kitamoto D., Hirashima N., and Nakanishi M. Biosurfactant MEL-A dramatically increases gene transfection via membrane fusion. J Control Release 94 (2004) 423-431
63. Ishigami Y., and Suzuki S. Development of biochemicals - functionalization of biosurfactants and natural dyes. Prog Org Coat 31 (1997) 51-61
64. Johnsen A.R., and Karlson U. Evaluation of bacterial strategies to promote the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 63 (2004) 452-459
65. Kearns D.B., and Losick R. Swarming motility in undomesticated Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol 49 (2003) 581-590
66. Keyhani J., Keyhani E., Attar F., and Haddadi A. Sensitivity to detergents and plasmid curing in Enterococcus faecalis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 33 (2006) 238-242
67. Kieboom J., Dennis J.J., Zylstra G.J., and deBont J.A.M. Active efflux of organic solvents by Pseudomonas putida is induced by solvents. J Bacteriol 184 (1998) 67696772
68. Kihara K., Kito N., and Furuta T. Synergistic bactericidal activity in binary mixtures of an anionic surfactant and polyvalent metal ions. Biocontrol Sci 2 (1997) 13-17
69. Kim B.S., Lee J.Y., and Hwang B.K. In vivo control and in vitro antifungal activity of rhamnolipid B, a glycolipid antibiotic, against Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum orbiculare. Pest Manag Sci 56 (2000) 1029-1035
70. Kitamoto D., Isoda H., and Nakahara T. Functions and potential applications of glycolipid biosurfactants - from energy-saving materials to gene delivery carriers. J Biosci Bioeng 94 (2002) 187-201
71. Kitatsuji K., Miyata H., and Fukase T. Lysis of filamentous bacteria by surfactants. Water Sci Technol 34 (1996) 145-153
72. Komorek U., and Wilk K.A. Surface and micellar properties of new nonionic Gemini aldonamide-type surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 271 (2004) 206-211
73. Kristiansen I.B., de Jonge H., Nørnberg P., Mather-Christensen O., and Elsgaard L. Sorption of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate to soil components and effects on microbial iron reduction. Environ Toxicol Chem 22 (2003) 1221-1228
74. Kuiper I., Lagendijk E.L., Pickford R., Derrick J.P., Lamers G.E.M., Thomas-Oates J.E., et al. Characterization of two Pseudomonas putida lipopeptide biosurfactants, putisolvin I and II, which inhibit biofilm formation and break down existing biofilms. Mol Microbiol 51 (2004) 97-113
75. Kujawinski E.B., Farrington J.W., and Moffett J.W. Evidence for grazing-mediated production of dissolved surface-active material by marine protists. Mar Chem 77 (2002) 133-142
76. Lang S. Biological amphiphiles (microbial biosurfactants). Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 7 (2002) 12-20
77. Lemke M.J., Churchill P.F., and Wetzel R.G. Effect of substrate and cell surface hydrophobicity on phosphate utilization in bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol (1995) 913-919
78. Li X.-Z., Zhang L., and Poole K. Role of the multidrug efflux systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in organic solvent tolerance. J Bacteriol 180 (1998) 2987-2991
79. Li H., Tanikawa T., Sato Y., Nakagawa Y., and Matsuyama T. Serratia marcescens gene required for surfactant Serrawettin W1 production encodes putative aminolipid synthetase belonging to nonribosomal peptide synthetase family. Microbiol Immunol 49 (2005) 303-310
80. Lin S.-C. Biosurfactants: recent advances. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 66 (1996) 109-120
81. Lipschik G.Y., Treml J.F., Moore S.D., and Beers M.F. Pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein A inhibits surfactant phospholipid secretion by rat alveolar type II cells. J Infect Dis 177 (1998) 182-187
82. Makkar R.S., and Cameotra S.S. An update on the use of unconventional substrates for biosurfactant production and their new applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 58 (2002) 428-434
83. Martinez Checa F., Toledo F.L., Vilchez R., Quesada E., and Calvo C. Yield production, chemical composition, and functional properties of emulsifier H28 synthesized by Halomonas eurihalina strain H-28 in media containing various hydrocarbons. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 58 (2002) 358-363
84. Matsuyama T., and Nakagawa Y. Bacterial wetting agents working in colonization of bacteria on surface environments. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 7 (1996) 207-214
85. McCarron P.A., Donnelly R.F., Canning P.E., McGovern J.G., and Jones D.S. Bioadhesive, non-drug-loaded nanoparticles as modulators of candidal adherence to buccal epithelial cells: a potentially novel prophylaxis for candidosis. Biomaterials 25 (2004) 2399-2407
86. McGrath S., Wade D.S., and Pesci E.C. Dueling quorum sensing systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa control the production of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS). FEMS Microbiol Lett 230 (2004) 27-34
87. Medina G., Juárez K., Díaz R., and Soberón-Chávez. Transcriptional regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhlR, encoding a quorum-sensing regulatory protein. Microbiology 149 (2003) 3073-3081
88. Miller R.M., and Bartha R. Evidence from liposome encapsulation for transport-limited microbial metabolism of solid alkanes. Appl Environ Microbiol 55 (1989) 269-274
89. Mulligan C.N. Environmental applications of biosurfactants. Environ Pollut 133 (2005) 183-198
90. Navon-Venezia S., Zosim Z., Gottlieb A., Legmann R., Carmeli S., Ron E.Z., et al. Alasan, a new bioemulsifier from Acinetobacter radioresistens. Appl Environ Microbiol 61 (1995) 3240-3244
91. Neu T.R., Haertner T., and Poralla K. Surface active properties of viscosin: a peptidolipid antibiotic. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 32 (1990) 518-520
92. Ng T.K., and Hu W.S. Adherence of emulsan-producing Acinetobacter calcoaceticus to hydrophobic liquids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 31 (1989) 480-485
93. Nielsen T.H., and Sorensen J. Production of cyclic lipopeptides by Pseudomonas fluorescens strains in bulk soil and in the sugar beet rhizosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 (2003) 861-868
94. Niu C., Graves J.D., Mokuolu F.O., Gilbert S.E., and Gilbert E.S. Enhanced swarming of bacteria on agar plates containing the surfactant Tween 80. J Microbiol Methods 62 (2005) 129-132
95. Noordman W.H., and Janssen D.B. Rhamnolipid stimulates uptake of hydrophobic compounds by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 (2002) 4502-4508
96. Ochoa-Loza F.J., Artiola J.F., and Maier R.M. Stability constants for the complexation of various metals with a rhamnolipid biosurfactant. J Environ Qual 30 (2001) 479-485
97. Orgambide G.G., Hollingsworth R.I., and Dazzo F.B. Structural characterization of a novel diglycosyl diacylglyceride glycolipid from Rhizobium trifolii ANU843. Carbohydr Res 233 (1992) 151-159
98. Owen S.A., Russell N.J., House W.A., and White G.F. Re-evaluation of the hypothesis that biodegradable surfactants stimulate (1997)
99. Pedras M.S.C., Ismail N., Quail J.W., and Boyetchko S.M. Structure, chemistry, and biological activity of pseudophomins A and B, new cyclic lipodepsipeptides isolated from the biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Phytochemistry 62 (2003) 1105-1114
100. Perez T., Sarrazin L., Rebouillon P., and Vacelet J. First evidences of surfactant biodegradation by marine sponges (porifera): an experimental study with a linear alkylbenzenesulfonate. Hydrobiologia 489 (2002) 225-233
101. Peypoux F., Bonmatin J.M., and Wallach J. Recent trends in the biochemistry of surfactin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51 (1999) 553-563
102. Richter M., Willey J.M., Süβmuth R., Jung G., and Fiedler H.-P. Streptofactin, a novel biosurfactant with aerial mycelium inducing activity from Streptomyces tendae Tü 901/8c. FEMS Microbiol Lett 163 (1998) 165-171
103. Roongsawang N., Thaniyavarn J., Thaniyavarn S., Kameyama T., Haruki M., Imanaka T., et al. Isolation and characterization of a halotolerant Bacillus subtilis BKK-1 which produces three kinds of lipopeptides: bacillomycin L, plipastatin, and surfactin. Extremophiles 6 (2002) 499-506
104. Rosenberg E. Exploiting microbial growth on hydrocarbons - new markets. Trends Biotechnol 11 (1993) 419-424
105. Rosenberg E., and Ron E.Z. High- and low-molecular-mass microbial surfactants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 52 (1999) 154-162
106. Rosenberg E., Rubinovitz C., Legmann R., and Ron E.Z. Purification and chemical properties of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus A2 biodispersan. Appl Environ Microbiol 54 (1988) 323-326
107. Sandrin T.R., Chech A.M., and Maier R.M. A rhamnolipid biosurfactant reduces cadmium toxicity during naphthalene biodegradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 (2000) 4585-4588
108. Sato M., Sano H., Iwaki D., Kudo K., Konishi M., and Takahashi H. Direct binding of toll-like receptor 2 to zymosan, and zymosan-induced NF-[kappa]B activation and TNF-[alpha] secretion are down-regulated by lung collectin surfactant protein A. J Immunol 171 (2003) 417-425
109. Schmitt T.M. Analysis of surfactants (2001), Marcel Dekker, New York
110. Shepherd R., Rockey J., Sutherland I.W., and Roller S. Effect of C. utilis physiology on the functionality of the bioemulsifier utilisan. Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series (1994) 16-18
111. Shin K.-H., Kim K.-W., and Seagren E.A. Combined effects of pH and biosurfactant addition on solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 65 (2004) 336-343
112. Simu K., and Hagstrom A. Oligotrophic bacterioplankton with a novel single-cell life strategy. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 (2004) 2445-2451
113. Singh A, Van Hamme JD, Ward OP. Surfactants in microbiology and biotechnology: Part 2. Application aspects. Submitted to Biotech Advances.
114. Spreti N., Reale S., Amicosante G., Di Profio P., Germani R., and Savelli G. Influence of sulfobetaines on the stability of the Citrobacter diversus ULA-27 beta-lactamase. Biotechnol Prog 17 (2001) 1008-1013
115. Steber J., and Wierich P. Metabolites and biodegradation pathways of fatty alcohol ethoxylates in microbial biocenoses of sewage treatment plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 49 (1985) 530-537
116. Sun X.-X., Choi J.-K., and Kim E.-K. A preliminary study of the mechanisms of the harmful algal bloom mitigation by sophorolipid treatment. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 304 (2004) 35-50
117. Swisher R.D. Surfactant biodegradation (1987), Marcel Dekker, New York
118. Thimon L., Peypoux F., Wallach J., and Michel G. Effect of the lipopeptide antibiotic, iturin A, on morphology and membrane ultrastructure of yeast cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 128 (1995) 101-106
119. Tsuzuki W., and Tsuzuki T. Relative properties of the organic solvent-soluble lipase. Biochem Biophys Acta 1083 (1991) 201
120. Uchida Y., Tsuchiya R., Chino M., Hirano J., and Tabuchi T. Extracellular accumulation of mono- and di-succinoyl trehalose lipids by a strain of Rhodococcus erythropolis grown on n-alkanes. Agric Biol Chem 53 (1989) 757-763
121. Van De wetering J.K., Van Golde L.M., and Batenburg J.J. Collectins. Eur J Biochem 271 (2004) 1229-1249
122. Van Hamme J.D., and Ward O.P. Influence of chemical surfactants on the biodegradation of crude oil by a mixed-bacterial culture. Can J Microbiol 45 (1999) 130-137
123. Van Hamme J.D., and Ward OP. Physical and metabolic interactions of Pseudomonas sp. strain JA5-B45 and Rhodococcus sp. strain F9-D79 during growth on crude oil and effect of a chemical surfactant on them. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 (2001) 4874-4879
124. Van Hamme J.D., Singh A., and Ward O.P. Recent advances in petroleum microbiology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 67 (2003) 503-549
125. Villeneuve P., Muderhwa J.M., Graille J., and Haas M.J. Customizing lipases for biocatalysis: a survey of chemical, physical and molecular approaches. J Mol Catal B Enzym 9 (2000) 113-148
126. Volkering F., Breure A.M., and Rulkens W.H. Microbiological aspects of surfactant use for biological soil remediation. Biodegradation 8 (1998) 401-417
127. Wei Y., Wang L., and Chang J. Optimizing iron supplement strategies for enhanced surfacting production with Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Prog 20 (2004) 979-983
128. Wessels J.G.H. Hydrophobins: proteins that change the nature of the fungal surface. Adv Microb Physiol 38 (1997) 1-45
129. White G.F. Multiple interactions in riverine biofilms - surfactant adsorption, bacterial attachment and biodegradation. Water Sci Technol 31 (1995) 61-70
130. Yoon S.H., and Rhee J.S. Lipid from yeast fermentation: effects of cultural conditions on lipid production and its characteristics of Rhodotorula glutinis. J Am Oil Chem Soc 60 (1983) 1281-1286
131. Zhao B., Zhu L., Li W., and Chen B. Solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene in mixed anionic-nonionic surfactant solutions. Chemosphere 58 (2005) 33-40