메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 1341-1359

Multiple sclerosis lesions: Insights from imaging techniques

Author keywords

Damage; Lesion; MRI; Multiple sclerosis; Normal appearing grey matter; Normal appearing white matter; Therapy

Indexed keywords

DEMYELINATING DISEASE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; QUANTITATIVE DIAGNOSIS; REVIEW;

EID: 70349449873     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.83     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (22)

References (243)
  • 2
    • 33947210015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gray and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis: An MRI perspective
    • DOI 10.1586/14737175.7.3.271
    • Vrenken H, Geurts JJ. Gray and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis: an MRI perspective. Expert Rev. Neurother. 7(3), 271-279 (2007). • Brain tissue abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) normal-appearing white and grey matter from an imaging perspective. (Pubitemid 46434175)
    • (2007) Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-279
    • Vrenken, H.1    Geurts, J.J.G.2
  • 3
    • 0036260539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinico-radiological paradox in multiple sclerosis revisited
    • DOI 10.1097/00019052-200206000-00003
    • Barkhof F. The clinico-radiological paradox in multiple sclerosis revisited. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 15(3), 239-245 (2002). (Pubitemid 34596884)
    • (2002) Current Opinion in Neurology , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-245
    • Barkhof, F.1
  • 4
    • 0023634552 scopus 로고
    • The role of NMR imaging in the assessment of multiple sclerosis and isolated neurological lesions: A quantitative study
    • Ormerod IE, Miller DH, McDonald WI et al. The role of NMR imaging in the assessment of multiple sclerosis and isolated neurological lesions: a quantitative study. Brain 110(Pt 6), 1579-1616 (1987).
    • (1987) Brain , vol.110 , Issue.PART 6 , pp. 1579-1616
    • Ormerod, I.E.1    Miller, D.H.2    McDonald, W.I.3
  • 6
    • 0031973909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of magnetic resonance techniques in understanding and managing multiple sclerosis
    • Miller DH, Grossman RI, Reingold SC, McFarland HF. The role of magnetic resonance techniques in understanding and managing multiple sclerosis. Brain 121(Pt 1), 3-24 (1998).
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 3-24
    • Miller, D.H.1    Grossman, R.I.2    Reingold, S.C.3    McFarland, H.F.4
  • 9
    • 0030820189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis lesion detection in the brain: A comparison of fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and conventional T2-weighted dual spin echo
    • Gawne-Cain ML, O'Riordan JI, Thompson AJ, Moseley IF, Miller DH. Multiple sclerosis lesion detection in the brain: a comparison of fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and conventional T2-weighted dual spin echo. Neurology 49(2), 364-370 (1997).
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 364-370
    • Gawne-Cain, M.L.1    O'Riordan, J.I.2    Thompson, A.J.3    Moseley, I.F.4    Miller, D.H.5
  • 10
    • 0025718336 scopus 로고
    • Imaging of diffusion and microcirculation with gradient sensitization: Design, strategy, and significance
    • Le Bihan D, Turner R, Moonen CT, Pekar J. Imaging of diffusion and microcirculation with gradient sensitization: design, strategy, and significance. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1(1), 7-28 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-28
    • Le Bihan, D.1    Turner, R.2    Moonen, C.T.3    Pekar, J.4
  • 13
    • 0033549125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion tensor imaging of lesions and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis
    • Werring DJ, Clark CA, Barker GJ, Thompson AJ, Miller DH. Diffusion tensor imaging of lesions and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 52(8), 1626-1632 (1999).
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , Issue.8 , pp. 1626-1632
    • Werring, D.J.1    Clark, C.A.2    Barker, G.J.3    Thompson, A.J.4    Miller, D.H.5
  • 14
    • 0025115647 scopus 로고
    • Anisotropic diffusion in human white matter: Demonstration with MR techniques in vivo
    • Chenevert TL, Brunberg JA, Pipe JG. Anisotropic diffusion in human white matter: demonstration with MR techniques in vivo. Radiology 177(2), 401-405 (1990).
    • (1990) Radiology , vol.177 , Issue.2 , pp. 401-405
    • Chenevert, T.L.1    Brunberg, J.A.2    Pipe, J.G.3
  • 15
    • 0028231427 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of anisotropic water diffusion in nerves
    • Beaulieu C, Allen PS. Determinants of anisotropic water diffusion in nerves. Magn. Reson. Med. 31(4), 394-400 (1994). (Pubitemid 24108269)
    • (1994) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 394-400
    • Beaulieu, C.1    Allen, P.S.2
  • 17
    • 0030162959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstructural and physiological features of tissues elucidated by quantitative-diffusion-tensor MRI
    • Basser PJ, Pierpaoli C. Microstructural and physiological features of tissues elucidated by quantitative-diffusion-tensor MRI. J. Magn. Reson. B. 111(3), 209-219 (1996). (Pubitemid 126758682)
    • (1996) Journal of Magnetic Resonance - Series B , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-219
    • Basser, P.J.1    Pierpaoli, C.2
  • 19
    • 0024573913 scopus 로고
    • Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and tissue water proton relaxation in vivo
    • Wolff SD, Balaban RS. Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and tissue water proton relaxation in vivo. Magn. Reson. Med. 10(1), 135-144 (1989).
    • (1989) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-144
    • Wolff, S.D.1    Balaban, R.S.2
  • 20
    • 0037161249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI techniques to monitor MS evolution: The present and the future
    • Filippi M, Grossman RI. MRI techniques to monitor MS evolution: the present and the future. Neurology 58(8), 1147-1153 (2002). (Pubitemid 34411856)
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , Issue.8 , pp. 1147-1153
    • Filippi, M.1    Grossman, R.I.2
  • 21
    • 0026526861 scopus 로고
    • Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: Lesion characterization with magnetization transfer imaging
    • Dousset V, Grossman RI, Ramer KN et al. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: lesion characterization with magnetization transfer imaging. Radiology 182(2), 483-491 (1992).
    • (1992) Radiology , vol.182 , Issue.2 , pp. 483-491
    • Dousset, V.1    Grossman, R.I.2    Ramer, K.N.3
  • 22
    • 0027934928 scopus 로고
    • Relaxivity and magnetization transfer of white matter lipids at MR imaging: Importance of cerebrosides and pH
    • Kucharczyk W, Macdonald PM, Stanisz GJ, Henkelman RM. Relaxivity and magnetization transfer of white matter lipids at MR imaging: importance of cerebrosides and pH. Radiology 192(2), 521-529 (1994). (Pubitemid 24233938)
    • (1994) Radiology , vol.192 , Issue.2 , pp. 521-529
    • Kucharczyk, W.1    Macdonald, P.M.2    Stanisz, G.J.3    Henkelman, R.M.4
  • 23
    • 0034283332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo evaluation of remyelination in rat brain by magnetization transfer imaging
    • Deloire-Grassin MS, Brochet B, Quesson B et al. In vivo evaluation of remyelination in rat brain by magnetization transfer imaging. J. Neurol. Sci. 178(1), 10-16 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.178 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-16
    • Deloire-Grassin, M.S.1    Brochet, B.2    Quesson, B.3
  • 24
    • 4444310685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetization transfer ratio and myelin in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.20202
    • Schmierer K, Scaravilli F, Altmann DR, Barker GJ, Miller DH. Magnetization transfer ratio and myelin in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain. Ann. Neurol. 56(3), 407-415 (2004). (Pubitemid 39166560)
    • (2004) Annals of Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-415
    • Schmierer, K.1    Scaravilli, F.2    Altmann, D.R.3    Barker, G.J.4    Miller, D.H.5
  • 26
    • 0035088438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetisation transfer ratio and mean diffusivity of normal appearing white and grey matter from patients with multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1136/jnnp.70.3.311
    • Cercignani M, Bozzali M, Iannucci G, Comi G, Filippi M. Magnetisation transfer ratio and mean diffusivity of normal appearing white and grey matter from patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 70(3), 311-317 (2001). (Pubitemid 32250886)
    • (2001) Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 311-317
    • Cercignani, M.1    Bozzali, M.2    Iannucci, G.3    Comi, G.4    Filippi, M.5
  • 27
    • 0034038644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetization transfer and multicomponent T2 relaxation measurements with histopathologic correlation in an experimental model of MS
    • Gareau PJ, Rutt BK, Karlik SJ, Mitchell JR. Magnetization transfer and multicomponent T2 relaxation measurements with histopathologic correlation in an experimental model of MS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 11(6), 586-595 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 586-595
    • Gareau, P.J.1    Rutt, B.K.2    Karlik, S.J.3    Mitchell, J.R.4
  • 28
    • 33646121492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into brain microstructure from the T2 distribution
    • MacKay A, Laule C, Vavasour I et al. Insights into brain microstructure from the T2 distribution. Magn. Reson. Imaging 24(4), 515-525 (2006).
    • (2006) Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 515-525
    • MacKay, A.1    Laule, C.2    Vavasour, I.3
  • 29
    • 0035871761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain
    • Ross B, Bluml S. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain. Anat. Rec. 265(2), 54-84 (2001).
    • (2001) Anat. Rec. , vol.265 , Issue.2 , pp. 54-84
    • Ross, B.1    Bluml, S.2
  • 30
    • 0031891884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, contrast- Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and quantitative lesion volumetry in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.410430112
    • Narayana PA, Doyle TJ, Lai D, Wolinsky JS. Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and quantitative lesion volumetry in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 43(1), 56-71 (1998). (Pubitemid 28124649)
    • (1998) Annals of Neurology , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-71
    • Narayana, P.A.1    Doyle, T.J.2    Lai, D.3    Wolinsky, J.S.4
  • 31
    • 0030609055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of chronic cerebral white matter lesions and normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis
    • Davie CA, Barker GJ, Thompson AJ et al. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of chronic cerebral white matter lesions and normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 63(6), 736-742 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.63 , Issue.6 , pp. 736-742
    • Davie, C.A.1    Barker, G.J.2    Thompson, A.J.3
  • 32
    • 0032985039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absolute quantification of brain metabolites by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in normal-appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis patients
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/122.3.513
    • Sarchielli P, Presciutti O, Pelliccioli GP et al. Absolute quantification of brain metabolites by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in normal-appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis patients. Brain 122(Pt 3), 513-521 (1999). (Pubitemid 29110525)
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , Issue.3 , pp. 513-521
    • Sarchielli, P.1    Presciutti, O.2    Pelliccioli, G.P.3    Tarducci, R.4    Gobbi, G.5    Chiarini, P.6    Alberti, A.7    Vicinanza, F.8    Gallai, V.9
  • 33
  • 34
    • 34247197112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discordant white matter N-acetylasparate and diffusion MRI measures suggest that chronic metabolic dysfunction contributes to axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.036, PII S1053811907001590
    • Cader S, Johansen-Berg H, Wylezinska M et al. Discordant white matter N-acetylasparate and diffusion MRI measures suggest that chronic metabolic dysfunction contributes to axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage 36(1), 19-27 (2007). (Pubitemid 46617958)
    • (2007) NeuroImage , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-27
    • Cader, S.1    Johansen-Berg, H.2    Wylezinska, M.3    Palace, J.4    Behrens, T.E.5    Smith, S.6    Matthews, P.M.7
  • 35
    • 0036788493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain metabolite changes in cortical grey and normal-appearing white matter in clinically early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Chard DT, Griffin CM, McLean MA et al. Brain metabolite changes in cortical grey and normal-appearing white matter in clinically early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Brain 125(Pt 10), 2342-2352 (2002).
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , Issue.PART 10 , pp. 2342-2352
    • Chard, D.T.1    Griffin, C.M.2    McLean, M.A.3
  • 37
    • 0021164490 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between NMR scan and brain slice data in multiple sclerosis
    • Stewart WA, Hall LD, Berry K, Paty DW. Correlation between NMR scan and brain slice data in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2(8399), 412 (1984). (Pubitemid 14068543)
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8399 , pp. 412
    • Stewart, W.A.1    Hall, L.D.2    Berry, K.3    Paty, D.W.4
  • 40
    • 0036185524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging role of MRI in multiple sclerosis and the new diagnostic criteria
    • Impact of MRI methods for understanding MS pathology and assessing new therapies
    • McFarland HF. The emerging role of MRI in multiple sclerosis and the new diagnostic criteria. Mult. Scler. 8(1), 71-72 (2002). • Impact of MRI methods for understanding MS pathology and assessing new therapies.
    • (2002) Mult. Scler. , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-72
    • McFarland, H.F.1
  • 42
    • 0035053383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing patterns in multiple sclerosis: Evolution and persistence
    • He J Grossman RI, Ge Y, Mannon LJ. Enhancing patterns in multiple sclerosis: evolution and persistence. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 22(4), 664-669 (2001). (Pubitemid 32318693)
    • (2001) American Journal of Neuroradiology , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 664-669
    • He, J.1    Grossman, R.I.2    Ge, Y.3    Mannon, L.J.4
  • 43
    • 0344771115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of multiple sclerosis lesions on serial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and magnetization-transfer MR images
    • Rovira A, Alonso J, Cucurella G et al. Evolution of multiple sclerosis lesions on serial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and magnetization-transfer MR images. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 20(10), 1939-1945 (1999).
    • (1999) AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. , vol.20 , Issue.10 , pp. 1939-1945
    • Rovira, A.1    Alonso, J.2    Cucurella, G.3
  • 44
    • 0032231764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of lesion development in multiple sclerosis: Longitudinal observations with T1-weighted spin-echo and magnetization transfer MR
    • van Waesberghe JH, van Walderveen MA, Castelijns JA et al. Patterns of lesion development in multiple sclerosis: longitudinal observations with T1-weighted spin-echo and magnetization transfer MR. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 19(4), 675-683 (1998).
    • (1998) AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 675-683
    • Van Waesberghe, J.H.1    Van Walderveen, M.A.2    Castelijns, J.A.3
  • 45
    • 0027503708 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging findings and lesion development in chronic, active multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.410340507
    • Katz D, Taubenberger JK, Cannella B et al. Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging findings and lesion development in chronic, active multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 34(5), 661-669 (1993). (Pubitemid 23333237)
    • (1993) Annals of Neurology , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 661-669
    • Katz, D.1    Taubenberger, J.K.2    Cannella, B.3    McFarlin, D.E.4    Raine, C.S.5    McFarland, H.F.6
  • 47
    • 0028802646 scopus 로고
    • Correlating MRI and clinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis: Relevance of hypointense lesions on short-TR/short-TE (T1-weighted) spin-echo images
    • van Walderveen MA, Barkhof F, Hommes OR et al. Correlating MRI and clinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis: relevance of hypointense lesions on short-TR/short-TE (T1-weighted) spin-echo images. Neurology 45(9), 1684-1690 (1995).
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , Issue.9 , pp. 1684-1690
    • Van Walderveen, M.A.1    Barkhof, F.2    Hommes, O.R.3
  • 49
    • 0030693650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI measures and their relations with clinical disability in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Giugni E, Pozzilli C, Bastianello S et al. MRI measures and their relations with clinical disability in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 3(4), 221-225 (1997). (Pubitemid 27478585)
    • (1997) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 221-225
    • Giugni, E.1
  • 50
    • 0031746052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypointense multiple sclerosis lesions on T1-weighted spin echo magnetic resonance images: Their contribution in understanding multiple sclerosis evolution
    • Barkhof F, McGowan JC, van Waesberghe JH, Grossman RI. Hypointense multiple sclerosis lesions on T1-weighted spin echo magnetic resonance images: their contribution in understanding multiple sclerosis evolution. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 64(Suppl. 1), S77-S79 (1998). (Pubitemid 28274442)
    • (1998) Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Barkhof, F.1    McGowan, J.C.2    Van Waesberghe, J.-H.T.M.3    Grossman, R.I.4
  • 51
    • 0042285666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 black holes in patients with multiple sclerosis imaged monthly for 4 years
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awg182
    • Bagnato F, Jeffries N, Richert ND et al. Evolution of T1 black holes in patients with multiple sclerosis imaged monthly for 4 years. Brain 126(Pt 8), 1782-1789 (2003). • Longitudinal study on the 4-year evolution of black holes and their relationship with contrast-enhancing lesions. (Pubitemid 36917337)
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , Issue.8 , pp. 1782-1789
    • Bagnato, F.1    Jeffries, N.2    Richert, N.D.3    Stone, R.D.4    Ohayon, J.M.5    McFarland, H.F.6    Frank, J.A.7
  • 53
    • 67651175871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal abnormalities on 1.5 and 3 tesla brain MRI in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls: A morphological and spatial quantitative comparison study
    • Di Perri C, Dwyer MG, Wack DS et al. Signal abnormalities on 1.5 and 3 tesla brain MRI in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls: a morphological and spatial quantitative comparison study. Neuroimage 47(4) 1352-1362 (2009).
    • (2009) Neuroimage , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 1352-1362
    • Di Perri, C.1    Dwyer, M.G.2    Wack, D.S.3
  • 54
    • 0026598654 scopus 로고
    • Serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI in relapsing/ remitting multiple sclerosis of varying disease duration
    • Thompson AJ, Miller D, Youl B et al. Serial gadolinium-enhanced MRI in relapsing/ remitting multiple sclerosis of varying disease duration. Neurology 42(1), 60-63 (1992).
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-63
    • Thompson, A.J.1    Miller, D.2    Youl, B.3
  • 56
    • 0026100007 scopus 로고
    • Major differences in the dynamics of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Serial MRI study on the difference in the dynamics of disease activity between the two forms of progressive MS, particularly in relation to the inflammatory component of the lesions
    • Thompson AJ, Kermode AG, Wicks D et al. Major differences in the dynamics of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 29(1), 53-62 (1991). • Serial MRI study on the difference in the dynamics of disease activity between the two forms of progressive MS, particularly in relation to the inflammatory component of the lesions.
    • (1991) Ann. Neurol. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-62
    • Thompson, A.J.1    Kermode, A.G.2    Wicks, D.3
  • 60
    • 0025854083 scopus 로고
    • Serial gadoliniumenhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans in patients with early, relapsing- Remitting multiple sclerosis: Implications for clinical trials and natural history
    • Harris JO, Frank JA, Patronas N, McFarlin DE, McFarland HF, Serial gadoliniumenhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans in patients with early, relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis: implications for clinical trials and natural history. Ann. Neurol. 29(5), 548-555 (1991).
    • (1991) Ann. Neurol. , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 548-555
    • Harris, J.O.1    Frank, J.A.2    Patronas, N.3    McFarlin, D.E.4    McFarland, H.F.5
  • 61
    • 0022997935 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis. Gadolinium enhancement in MR imaging
    • Grossman RI, Gonzalez-Scarano F, Atlas SW, Galetta S, Silberberg DH. Multiple sclerosis: gadolinium enhancement in MR imaging. Radiology 161(3), 721-725 (1986). (Pubitemid 17200424)
    • (1986) Radiology , vol.161 , Issue.3 , pp. 721-725
    • Grossman, R.I.1    Gonzalez-Scarano, F.2    Atlas, S.W.3
  • 62
    • 0033586376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for relapse rate and changes in disability or impairment in multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03053-0
    • Kappos L, Moeri D, Radue EW et al. Predictive value of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for relapse rate and changes in disability or impairment in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis: Gadolinium MRI Meta-Analysis Group. Lancet 353(9157), 964-969 (1999). (Pubitemid 29132605)
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , Issue.9157 , pp. 964-969
    • Kappos, L.1    Moeri, D.2    Radue, E.W.3    Schoetzau, A.4    Schweikert, K.5    Barkhof, F.6    Miller, D.7    Guttmann, C.R.G.8    Weiner, H.L.9    Gasperini, C.10    Filippi, M.11
  • 63
    • 0037465364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI contrast uptake in new lesions in relapsing-remitting MS followed at weekly intervals
    • Cotton F, Weiner HL, Jolesz FA, Guttmann CR. MRI contrast uptake in new lesions in relapsing-remitting MS followed at weekly intervals. Neurology 60(4), 640-646 (2003). (Pubitemid 36246083)
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 640-646
    • Cotton, F.1    Weiner, H.L.2    Jolesz, F.A.3    Guttmann, C.R.G.4
  • 64
    • 22044435713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of enhancing lesion evolution in multiple sclerosis are uniform within patients
    • DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000167538.24338.bb
    • Minneboo A, Uitdehaag BM, Ader HJ et al. Patterns of enhancing lesion evolution in multiple sclerosis are uniform within patients. Neurology 65(1), 56-61 (2005). (Pubitemid 40967776)
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-61
    • Minneboo, A.1    Uitdehaag, B.M.J.2    Ader, H.J.3    Barkhof, F.4    Polman, C.H.5    Castelijns, J.A.6
  • 65
    • 0032516832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetization transfer ratios of multiple sclerosis lesions with variable durations of enhancement
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00162-2, PII S0022510X98001622
    • Filippi M, Rocca MA, Comi G. Magnetization transfer ratios of multiple sclerosis lesions with variable durations of enhancement. J. Neurol. Sci. 159(2), 162-165 (1998). (Pubitemid 28384523)
    • (1998) Journal of the Neurological Sciences , vol.159 , Issue.2 , pp. 162-165
    • Filippi, M.1    Rocca, M.A.2    Comi, G.3
  • 66
    • 0026474514 scopus 로고
    • Using gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging lesions to monitor disease activity in multiple sclerosis
    • McFarland HF, Frank JA, Albert PS et al. Using gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging lesions to monitor disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 32(6), 758-766 (1992).
    • (1992) Ann. Neurol. , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 758-766
    • McFarland, H.F.1    Frank, J.A.2    Albert, P.S.3
  • 68
    • 0342906187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: Implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination
    • DOI 10.1002/1531-8249(200006)47:6<707::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-Q
    • Lucchinetti C, Bruck W, Parisi J et al. Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination. Ann. Neurol. 47(6), 707-717 (2000). (Pubitemid 30390191)
    • (2000) Annals of Neurology , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 707-717
    • Lucchinetti, C.1    Bruck, W.2    Parisi, J.3    Scheithauer, B.4    Rodriguez, M.5    Lassmann, H.6
  • 69
    • 0030797232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathology and pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases
    • Storch M, Lassmann H. Pathology and pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 10(3), 186-192 (1997).
    • (1997) Curr. Opin. Neurol. , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 186-192
    • Storch, M.1    Lassmann, H.2
  • 70
    • 1642281535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: Pathology of the newly forming lesion
    • Barnett MH, Prineas JW. Relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: pathology of the newly forming lesion. Ann. Neurol. 55(4), 458-468 (2004).
    • (2004) Ann. Neurol. , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 458-468
    • Barnett, M.H.1    Prineas, J.W.2
  • 71
    • 0031852514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal damage correlates with disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Results of a longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/121.8.1469
    • De Stefano N, Matthews PM, Fu L et al. Axonal damage correlates with disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy study. Brain 121(Pt8), 1469-1477 (1998). (Pubitemid 28349900)
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , Issue.8 , pp. 1469-1477
    • De Stefano, N.1    Matthews, P.M.2    Fu, L.3    Narayanan, S.4    Stanley, J.5    Francis, G.S.6    Antel, J.P.7    Arnold, D.L.8
  • 72
    • 0035128314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T1 lesion load and cerebral atrophy as a marker for clinical progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. a prospective 18 months follow-up study
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00147.x
    • Sailer M, Losseff NA, Wang L et al. T1 lesion load and cerebral atrophy as a marker for clinical progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. A prospective 18 months follow-up study. Eur. J. Neurol. 8(1), 37-42 (2001). (Pubitemid 32154572)
    • (2001) European Journal of Neurology , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-42
    • Sailer, M.1    Losseff, N.A.2    Wang, L.3    Gawne-Cain, M.L.4    Thompson, A.J.5    Miller, D.H.6
  • 75
    • 0035712379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-vivo tissue characterization of multiple sclerosis and other white matter diseases using magnetic resonance based techniques
    • DOI 10.1007/s004150170020
    • Filippi M. In vivo tissue characterization of multiple sclerosis and other white matter diseases using magnetic resonance based techniques. J. Neurol. 248(12), 1019-1029 (2001). (Pubitemid 34134536)
    • (2001) Journal of Neurology , vol.248 , Issue.12 , pp. 1019-1029
    • Filippi, M.1
  • 76
    • 0035852809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis
    • Filippi M, Cercignani M, Inglese M, Horsfield MA, Comi G. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 56(3), 304-311 (2001). (Pubitemid 32144139)
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 304-311
    • Filippi, M.1    Cercignani, M.2    Inglese, M.3    Horsfield, M.A.4    Comi, G.5
  • 77
    • 0028265609 scopus 로고
    • Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in acute multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Davie CA, Hawkins CP, Barker GJ et al. Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 117(Pt 1), 49-58 (1994).
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 49-58
    • Davie, C.A.1    Hawkins, C.P.2    Barker, G.J.3
  • 79
    • 0026531884 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging for metabolic characterization of demyelinating plaques
    • Arnold DL, Matthews PM, Francis GS, O'Connor J, Antel JP. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging for metabolic characterization of demyelinating plaques. Ann. Neurol. 31(3), 235-241 (1992).
    • (1992) Ann. Neurol. , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-241
    • Arnold, D.L.1    Matthews, P.M.2    Francis, G.S.3    O'Connor, J.4    Antel, J.P.5
  • 80
    • 0028792005 scopus 로고
    • Reversible decreases in N-acetylaspartate after acute brain injury
    • De Stefano N, Matthews PM, Arnold DL, Reversible decreases in N-acetylaspartate after acute brain injury. Magn. Reson. Med. 34(5), 721-727 (1995).
    • (1995) Magn. Reson. Med. , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 721-727
    • De Stefano, N.1    Matthews, P.M.2    Arnold, D.L.3
  • 81
    • 0025850757 scopus 로고
    • The longstanding MS lesion: A quantitative MRI and electron microscopic study
    • Barnes D, Munro PM, Youl BD, Prineas JW, McDonald WI. The longstanding MS lesion: a quantitative MRI and electron microscopic study. Brain 114(Pt 3), 1271-1280 (1991).
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 1271-1280
    • Barnes, D.1    Munro, P.M.2    Youl, B.D.3    Prineas, J.W.4    McDonald, W.I.5
  • 82
    • 0034985945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate blood-brain barrier integrity in multiple sclerosis: A preliminary study
    • Silver NC, Tofts PS, Symms MR et al. Quantitative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate blood-brain barrier integrity in multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study. Mult. Scler. 7(2), 75-82 (2001).
    • (2001) Mult. Scler. , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 75-82
    • Silver, N.C.1    Tofts, P.S.2    Symms, M.R.3
  • 85
    • 0023721567 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of disease activity in multiple sclerosis
    • Paty DW. Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 15(3), 266-272 (1988).
    • (1988) Can. J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 266-272
    • Paty, D.W.1
  • 86
    • 0034957951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking structural, metabolic and functional changes in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00210.x
    • Filippi M, Linking structural, metabolic and functional changes in multiple sclerosis. Eur. J. Neurol. 8(4), 291-297 (2001). (Pubitemid 32612891)
    • (2001) European Journal of Neurology , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 291-297
    • Filippi, M.1
  • 88
    • 0031793235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-weighted difference imaging
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/121.11.2095
    • Lee MA, Smith S, Palace J, Matthews PM. Defining multiple sclerosis disease activity using MRI T2-weighted difference imaging. Brain 121(Pt 11), 2095-2102 (1998). (Pubitemid 28497907)
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , Issue.11 , pp. 2095-2102
    • Lee, M.A.1    Smith, S.2    Palace, J.3    Matthews, P.M.4
  • 89
    • 0030911461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Thompson AJ, Polman CH, Miller DH et al. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 120(Pt 6), 1085-1096 (1997).
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , Issue.PART 6 , pp. 1085-1096
    • Thompson, A.J.1    Polman, C.H.2    Miller, D.H.3
  • 91
    • 0142153157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A 5-year clinical and MR study
    • Ingle GT, Stevenson VL, Miller DH, Thompson AJ. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a 5-year clinical and MR study. Brain 126(Pt 11), 2528-2536 (2003).
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , Issue.PART 11 , pp. 2528-2536
    • Ingle, G.T.1    Stevenson, V.L.2    Miller, D.H.3    Thompson, A.J.4
  • 92
    • 0033849266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional axonal loss in the corpus callosum correlates with cerebral white matter lesion volume and distribution in multiple sclerosis
    • Evangelou N, Konz D, Esiri MM et al. Regional axonal loss in the corpus callosum correlates with cerebral white matter lesion volume and distribution in multiple sclerosis. Brain 123(Pt 9), 1845-1849 (2000).
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.PART 9 , pp. 1845-1849
    • Evangelou, N.1    Konz, D.2    Esiri, M.M.3
  • 93
    • 0342288638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal changes in chronic demyelinated cervical spinal cord plaques
    • Lovas G, Szilagyi N, Majtenyi K, Palkovits M, Komoly S. Axonal changes in chronic demyelinated cervical spinal cord plaques. Brain 123(Pt 2), 308-317 (2000). (Pubitemid 30055154)
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.2 , pp. 308-317
    • Lovas, G.1    Szilagyi, N.2    Majtenyi, K.3    Palkovits, M.4    Komoly, S.5
  • 94
    • 0034992601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal and neuronal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms and functional consequences
    • DOI 10.1097/00019052-200106000-00003
    • Bjartmar C, Trapp BD. Axonal and neuronal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and functional consequences. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 14(3), 271-278 (2001). (Pubitemid 32510589)
    • (2001) Current Opinion in Neurology , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-278
    • Bjartmar, C.1    Trapp, B.D.2
  • 96
    • 0344080619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occult tissue damage in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis is independent of T2-visible lesions: A diffusion tensor MR study
    • DOI 10.1007/s00415-003-1024-1
    • Rocca MA, Iannucci G, Rovaris M, Comi G, Filippi M. Occult tissue damage in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis is independent of T2-visible lesions - a diffusion tensor MR study. J. Neurol. 250(4), 456-460 (2003). (Pubitemid 36459753)
    • (2003) Journal of Neurology , vol.250 , Issue.4 , pp. 456-460
    • Rocca, M.A.1    Iannucci, G.2    Rovaris, M.3    Comi, G.4    Filippi, M.5
  • 98
    • 28544436950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald Criteria"
    • Polman CH, Reingold SC, Edan G et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald Criteria". Ann. Neurol. 58(6), 840-846 (2005).
    • (2005) Ann. Neurol. , vol.58 , Issue.6 , pp. 840-846
    • Polman, C.H.1    Reingold, S.C.2    Edan, G.3
  • 99
    • 0031869428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional fast fluid attenuated inversion recovery (3D fast FLAIR): A new MRI sequence which increases the detectable cerebral lesion load in multiple sclerosis
    • Tubridy N, Barker GJ, Macmanus DG, Moseley IF, Miller DH. Three-dimensional fast fluid attenuated inversion recovery (3D fast FLAIR), a new MRI sequence which increases the detectable cerebral lesion load in multiple sclerosis. Br. J. Radiol. 71(848), 840-845 (1998). (Pubitemid 28391084)
    • (1998) British Journal of Radiology , vol.71 , Issue.AUG , pp. 840-845
    • Tubridy, N.1    Barker, G.J.2    Macmanus, D.G.3    Moseley, I.F.4    Miller, D.H.5
  • 100
    • 0032581115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A one year study of new lesions in multiple sclerosis using monthly gadolinium enhanced MRI: Correlations with changes of T2 and magnetization transfer lesion loads
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00126-9, PII S0022510X98001269
    • Filippi M, Rocca MA, Horsfield MA, Comi G. A one year study of new lesions in multiple sclerosis using monthly gadolinium enhanced MRI: correlations with changes of T2 and magnetization transfer lesion loads. J. Neurol. Sci. 158(2), 203-208 (1998). (Pubitemid 28342085)
    • (1998) Journal of the Neurological Sciences , vol.158 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-208
    • Filippi, M.1    Rocca, M.A.2    Horsfield, M.A.3    Comi, G.4
  • 102
    • 0033909486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of lesions and normal-appearing white matter changes in multiple sclerosis. a serial diffusion MRI study
    • Werring DJ, Brassat D, Droogan AG et al. The pathogenesis of lesions and normalappearing white matter changes in multiple sclerosis: a serial diffusion MRI study. Brain 123(Pt 8), 1667-1676 (2000). • Imaging study showing that structural damage in lesions causes damage or dysfunction in connected areas of normal-appearing white matter. (Pubitemid 30481190)
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.8 , pp. 1667-1676
    • Werring, D.J.1    Brassat, D.2    Droogan, A.G.3    Clark, C.A.4    Symms, M.R.5    Barker, G.J.6    MacManus, D.G.7    Thompson, A.J.8    Miller, D.H.9
  • 103
    • 0346097881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cerebral perfusion precede plaque formation in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal perfusion MRI study
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awh007
    • Wuerfel J, Bellmann-Strobl J, Brunecker P et al. Changes in cerebral perfusion precede plaque formation in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal perfusion MRI study. Brain 127(Pt 1), 111-119 (2004). (Pubitemid 38055350)
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-119
    • Wuerfel, J.1    Bellmann-Strobl, J.2    Brunecker, P.3    Aktas, O.4    McFarland, H.5    Villringer, A.6    Zipp, F.7
  • 104
    • 0030780349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory central nervous system demyelination: Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with lesion pathology
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.410420515
    • Bruck W, Bitsch A, Kolenda H et al. Inflammatory central nervous system demyelination: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with lesion pathology. Ann. Neurol. 42(5), 783-793 (1997). (Pubitemid 27481551)
    • (1997) Annals of Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 783-793
    • Bruck, W.1    Bitsch, A.2    Kolenda, H.3    Bruck, Y.4    Stiefel, M.5    Lassmann, H.6
  • 106
    • 0034982632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal MRI study of histopathologically defined hypointense multiple sclerosis lesions
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.1053
    • Bitsch A, Kuhlmann T, Stadelmann C et al. A longitudinal MRI study of histopathologically defined hypointense multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann. Neurol. 49(6), 793-796 (2001). (Pubitemid 32530247)
    • (2001) Annals of Neurology , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 793-796
    • Bitsch, A.1    Kuhlmann, T.2    Stadelmann, C.3    Lassmann, H.4    Lucchinetti, C.5    Bruck, W.6
  • 107
    • 33644964929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of long-term clinical response to interferon β therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Tomassini V, Paolillo A, Russo P et al. Predictors of long-term clinical response to interferon β therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 253(3), 287-293 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Neurol. , vol.253 , Issue.3 , pp. 287-293
    • Tomassini, V.1    Paolillo, A.2    Russo, P.3
  • 108
    • 0031966431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain and spinal cord abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: Correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms
    • Nijeholt GJ, van Walderveen MA, Castelijns JA et al. Brain and spinal cord abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms. Brain 121(Pt 4), 687-697 (1998).
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , Issue.PART 4 , pp. 687-697
    • Nijeholt, G.J.1    Van Walderveen, M.A.2    Castelijns, J.A.3
  • 110
    • 0032971730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal damage in T1-hypointense multiple sclerosis lesions demonstrated in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • DOI 10.1002/1531-8249(199907)46:1<79::AID-ANA12>3.0.CO;2-9
    • van Walderveen MA, Barkhof F, Pouwels PJ et al. Neuronal damage in T1-hypointense multiple sclerosis lesions demonstrated in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ann. Neurol. 46(1), 79-87 (1999). (Pubitemid 29314385)
    • (1999) Annals of Neurology , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-87
    • Van Walderveen, M.A.A.1    Barkhof, F.2    Pouwels, P.J.W.3    Van Schijndel, R.A.4    Polman, C.H.5    Castelijns, J.A.6
  • 111
    • 0031002545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/120.3.393
    • Ferguson B, Matyszak MK, Esiri MM, Perry VH. Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 120(Pt 3), 393-399 (1997). (Pubitemid 27153632)
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , Issue.3 , pp. 393-399
    • Ferguson, B.1    Matyszak, M.K.2    Esiri, M.M.3    Perry, V.H.4
  • 112
    • 0031718664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early structural changes in acute MS lesions assessed by serial magnetization transfer studies
    • Dousset V, Gayou A, Brochet B, Caille JM. Early structural changes in acute MS lesions assessed by serial magnetization transfer studies. Neurology 51(4), 1150-1155 (1998). (Pubitemid 28473417)
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 1150-1155
    • Dousset, V.1    Gayou, A.2    Brochet, B.3    Caille, J.-M.4
  • 118
    • 0026659796 scopus 로고
    • Biological significance of iron-related magnetic resonance imaging changes in the brain
    • Pujol J, Junque C, Vendrell P et al. Biological significance of iron-related magnetic resonance imaging changes in the brain. Arch Neurol. 49(7), 711-717 (1992).
    • (1992) Arch Neurol. , vol.49 , Issue.7 , pp. 711-717
    • Pujol, J.1    Junque, C.2    Vendrell, P.3
  • 120
    • 33644882248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern of T2 hypointensity associated with ring-enhancing brain lesions can help to differentiate pathology
    • DOI 10.1007/s00234-005-0024-5
    • Schwartz KM, Erickson BJ, Lucchinetti C. Pattern of T2 hypointensity associated with ring-enhancing brain lesions can help to differentiate pathology. Neuroradiology 48(3), 143-149 (2006). (Pubitemid 43380226)
    • (2006) Neuroradiology , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 143-149
    • Schwartz, K.M.1    Erickson, B.J.2    Lucchinetti, C.3
  • 121
    • 58249111546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing iron deposition in multiple sclerosis lesions using susceptibility weighted imaging
    • Haacke EM, Makki M, Ge Y et al. Characterizing iron deposition in multiple sclerosis lesions using susceptibility weighted imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 29(3), 537-544 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 537-544
    • Haacke, E.M.1    Makki, M.2    Ge, Y.3
  • 122
    • 58149237714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of multiple sclerosis at 7 Tesla with sensitivity to iron
    • Hammond KE, Metcalf M, Carvajal L et al. Quantitative in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of multiple sclerosis at 7 Tesla with sensitivity to iron. Ann. Neurol. 64(6), 707-713 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Neurol. , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 707-713
    • Hammond, K.E.1    Metcalf, M.2    Carvajal, L.3
  • 124
    • 0001362922 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of plaques in the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis
    • Brownell B, Hughes JT. The distribution of plaques in the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 25, 315-320 (1962).
    • (1962) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.25 , pp. 315-320
    • Brownell, B.1    Hughes, J.T.2
  • 125
    • 33846093882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of correlation between cortical demyelination and white matter pathologic changes in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1001/archneur.64.1.76
    • Bo L, Geurts JJ, van der Valk P, Polman C, Barkhof F. Lack of correlation between cortical demyelination and white matter pathologic changes in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 64(1), 76-80 (2007). (Pubitemid 46072427)
    • (2007) Archives of Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 76-80
    • Bo, L.1    Geurts, J.J.G.2    Van Der Valk, P.3    Polman, C.4    Barkhof, F.5
  • 126
    • 0042123685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracortical multiple sclerosis lesions are not associated with increased lymphocyte infiltration
    • DOI 10.1191/1352458503ms917oa
    • Bo L, Vedeler CA, Nyland H, Trapp BD, Mork SJ. Intracortical multiple sclerosis lesions are not associated with increased lymphocyte infiltration. Mult. Scler. 9(4), 323-331 (2003). (Pubitemid 36958014)
    • (2003) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 323-331
    • Bo, L.1    Vedeler, C.A.2    Nyland, H.3    Trapp, B.D.4    Mork, S.J.5
  • 127
    • 0034842126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.1123
    • Peterson JW, Bo L, Mork S, Chang A, Trapp BD. Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann. Neurol. 50(3), 389-400 (2001). • Histopathological study suggesting differences between grey and white matter pathology. (Pubitemid 32848742)
    • (2001) Annals of Neurology , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 389-400
    • Peterson, J.W.1    Bo, L.2    Mork, S.3    Chang, A.4    Trapp, B.D.5
  • 129
    • 0032935470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis
    • Neuropathological and MRI study on the prevalence and distribution of cortical lesions
    • Kidd D, Barkhof F, McConnell R et al. Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis. Brain 122(Pt 1), 17-26 (1999). • Neuropathological and MRI study on the prevalence and distribution of cortical lesions.
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 17-26
    • Kidd, D.1    Barkhof, F.2    McConnell, R.3
  • 134
    • 33746792723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord gray matter demyelination in multiple sclerosis - A novel pattern of residual plaque morphology
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2006.00018.x
    • Gilmore CP, Bo L, Owens T et al. Spinal cord gray matter demyelination in multiple sclerosis-a novel pattern of residual plaque morphology. Brain Pathol. 16(3), 202-208 (2006). (Pubitemid 44175234)
    • (2006) Brain Pathology , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 202-208
    • Gilmore, C.P.1    Bo, L.2    Owens, T.3    Lowe, J.4    Esiri, M.M.5    Evangelou, N.6
  • 135
    • 33748997359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neocortical neuronal, synaptic, and glial loss in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000237551.26858.39, PII 0000611420060926000012
    • Wegner C, Esiri MM, Chance SA, Palace J, Matthews PM. Neocortical neuronal, synaptic, and glial loss in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 67(6), 960-967 (2006). (Pubitemid 44454585)
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 960-967
    • Wegner, C.1    Esiri, M.M.2    Chance, S.A.3    Palace, J.4    Matthews, P.M.5
  • 136
    • 48849116689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis
    • Geurts JJ, Barkhof F, Grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 7(9), 841-851 (2008).
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol. , vol.7 , Issue.9 , pp. 841-851
    • Geurts, J.J.1    Barkhof, F.2
  • 138
    • 20744442122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: Improved detection with 3D double inversion-recovery MR imaging
    • Geurts JJ, Pouwels PJ, Uitdehaag BM et al. Intracortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: improved detection with 3D double inversion-recovery MR imaging. Radiology 236(1), 254-260 (2005).
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.236 , Issue.1 , pp. 254-260
    • Geurts, J.J.1    Pouwels, P.J.2    Uitdehaag, B.M.3
  • 141
    • 65349092772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical lesions in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A 2-year longitudinal MR study
    • Calabrese M, Rocca MA, Atzori M et al. Cortical lesions in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a 2-year longitudinal MR study. Neurology 72(15), 1330-1336 (2009).
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , Issue.15 , pp. 1330-1336
    • Calabrese, M.1    Rocca, M.A.2    Atzori, M.3
  • 143
    • 0042767687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new view of the cortex, new insights into multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awg238
    • Wegner C, Matthews PM. A new view of the cortex, new insights into multiple sclerosis. Brain 126(Pt 8), 1719-1721 (2003). (Pubitemid 36917331)
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , Issue.8 , pp. 1719-1721
    • Wegner, C.1    Matthews, P.M.2
  • 144
    • 55349123227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology and evolution of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal MRI study
    • Calabrese M, Filippi M, Rovaris M et al. Morphology and evolution of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal MRI study. Neuroimage 42(4), 1324-1328 (2008).
    • (2008) Neuroimage , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 1324-1328
    • Calabrese, M.1    Filippi, M.2    Rovaris, M.3
  • 145
    • 64649090409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First clinical study on ultra-high-field MR imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis: Comparison of 1.5T and 7T
    • Kollia K, Maderwald S, Putzki N et al. First clinical study on ultra-high-field MR imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis: comparison of 1.5T and 7T. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 30(4), 699-702 (2009).
    • (2009) AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 699-702
    • Kollia, K.1    Maderwald, S.2    Putzki, N.3
  • 147
    • 0018394631 scopus 로고
    • A histological, histochemical and biochemical study of the macroscopically normal white matter in multiple sclerosis
    • Allen IV, McKeown SR. A histological, histochemical and biochemical study of the macroscopically normal white matter in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 41(1), 81-91 (1979).
    • (1979) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-91
    • Allen, I.V.1    McKeown, S.R.2
  • 148
    • 67049146597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is multiple sclerosis a generalized disease of the central nervous system? An MRI perspective
    • Chard D, Miller D. Is multiple sclerosis a generalized disease of the central nervous system? An MRI perspective. Curr. Opin. Neurol.22(3), 214-218 (2009).
    • (2009) Curr. Opin. Neurol. , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 214-218
    • Chard, D.1    Miller, D.2
  • 152
    • 0035041359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy histograms of patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Cercignani M, Inglese M, Pagani E, Comi G, Filippi M. Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy histograms of patients with multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 22(5), 952-958 (2001). (Pubitemid 32436241)
    • (2001) American Journal of Neuroradiology , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 952-958
    • Cercignani, M.1    Inglese, M.2    Pagani, E.3    Comi, G.4    Filippi, M.5
  • 157
    • 0034104079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative pathological evidence for axonal loss in normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1002/1531-8249(200003)47:3<391::AID-ANA20>3.0.CO;2-J
    • Evangelou N, Esiri MM, Smith S, Palace J, Matthews PM. Quantitative pathological evidence for axonal loss in normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 47(3), 391-395 (2000). (Pubitemid 30141854)
    • (2000) Annals of Neurology , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 391-395
    • Evangelou, N.1    Esiri, M.M.2    Smith, S.3    Palace, J.4    Matthews, P.M.5
  • 159
    • 0034646345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathologic damage in MS assessed by diffusion-weighted and magnetization transfer MRI
    • Cercignani M, Iannucci G, Rocca MA et al. Pathologic damage in MS assessed by diffusion-weighted and magnetization transfer MRI. Neurology 54(5), 1139-1144 (2000). (Pubitemid 30151859)
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 1139-1144
    • Cercignani, M.1    Iannucci, G.2    Rocca, M.A.3    Comi, G.4    Horsfield, M.A.5    Filippi, M.6
  • 160
    • 0031569807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A magnetization transfer study of white matter in siblings of multiple sclerosis patients
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-510X(96)05322-1, PII S0022510X96053221
    • Filippi M, Campi A, Dousset V et al. A magnetization transfer imaging study of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 45(3 Pt 1), 478-482 (1995). (Pubitemid 27132813)
    • (1997) Journal of the Neurological Sciences , vol.147 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-153
    • Filippi, M.1    Campi, A.2    Martino, G.3    Colombo, B.4    Comi, G.5
  • 161
    • 0036169366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between lesion and normal appearing brain tissue abnormalities in early relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Griffin CM, Chard DT, Parker GJ et al. The relationship between lesion and normal appearing brain tissue abnormalities in early relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 249(2), 193-199 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurol. , vol.249 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-199
    • Griffin, C.M.1    Chard, D.T.2    Parker, G.J.3
  • 162
    • 0034121184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of MR and magnetization transfer imaging findings in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis at presentation
    • Iannucci G, Tortorella C, Rovaris M et al. Prognostic value of MR and magnetization transfer imaging findings in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis at presentation. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 21(6), 1034-1038 (2000). (Pubitemid 30390538)
    • (2000) American Journal of Neuroradiology , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 1034-1038
    • Iannucci, G.1    Tortorella, C.2    Rovaris, M.3    Sormani, M.P.4    Comi, G.5    Filippi, M.6
  • 163
    • 0032749475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetisation transfer of normal appearing white matter in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Leary SM, Silver NC, Stevenson VL et al. Magnetisation transfer of normal appearing white matter in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 5(5), 313-316 (1999).
    • (1999) Mult. Scler. , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 313-316
    • Leary, S.M.1    Silver, N.C.2    Stevenson, V.L.3
  • 164
    • 0029166037 scopus 로고
    • Microscopic disease in normal-appearing white matter on conventional MR images in patients with multiple sclerosis: Assessment with magnetization- transfer measurements
    • Loevner LA, Grossman RI, Cohen JA et al. Microscopic disease in normal-appearing white matter on conventional MR images in patients with multiple sclerosis: assessment with magnetization-transfer measurements. Radiology 196(2), 511-515 (1995).
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.196 , Issue.2 , pp. 511-515
    • Loevner, L.A.1    Grossman, R.I.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 165
    • 0036040136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White matter and lesion T1 relaxation times increase in parallel and correlate with disability in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1007/s00415-002-0837-7
    • Parry A, Clare S, Jenkinson M et al. White matter and lesion T1 relaxation times increase in parallel and correlate with disability in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 249(9), 1279-1286 (2002). (Pubitemid 35025108)
    • (2002) Journal of Neurology , vol.249 , Issue.9 , pp. 1279-1286
    • Parry, A.1    Clare, S.2    Jenkinson, M.3    Smith, S.4    Palace, J.5    Matthews, P.M.6
  • 166
    • 0033645920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative contributions of brain and cervical cord pathology to multiple sclerosis disability: A study with magnetisation transfer ratio histogram analysis
    • Rovaris M, Bozzali M, Santuccio G et al. Relative contributions of brain and cervical cord pathology to multiple sclerosis disability: a study with magnetisation transfer ratio histogram analysis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 69(6), 723-727 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.69 , Issue.6 , pp. 723-727
    • Rovaris, M.1    Bozzali, M.2    Santuccio, G.3
  • 167
    • 0035982712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 relaxation time mapping of white matter tracts in multiple sclerosis defined by diffusion tensor imaging
    • DOI 10.1007/s00415-002-0836-8
    • Vaithianathar L, Tench CR, Morgan PS, Wilson M, Blumhardt LD. T1 relaxation time mapping of white matter tracts in multiple sclerosis defined by diffusion tensor imaging. J. Neurol. 249(9), 1272-1278 (2002). (Pubitemid 35025107)
    • (2002) Journal of Neurology , vol.249 , Issue.9 , pp. 1272-1278
    • Vaithianathar, L.1    Tench, C.R.2    Morgan, P.S.3    Wilson, M.4    Blumhardt, L.D.5
  • 168
    • 0031839220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetization transfer changes in the normal appearing white matter precede the appearance of enhancing lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.410430616
    • Filippi M, Rocca MA, Martino G, Horsfield MA, Comi G. Magnetization transfer changes in the normal appearing white matter precede the appearance of enhancing lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 43(6), 809-814 (1998). (Pubitemid 28280225)
    • (1998) Annals of Neurology , vol.43 , Issue.6 , pp. 809-814
    • Filippi, M.1    Rocca, M.A.2    Martino, G.3    Horsfield, M.A.4    Comi, G.5
  • 170
    • 0034718536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weekly diffusion-weighted imaging of normal-appearing white matter in MS
    • Rocca MA, Cercignani M, Iannucci G, Comi G, Filippi M. Weekly diffusionweighted imaging of normal-appearing white matter in MS. Neurology 55(6), 882-884 (2000). (Pubitemid 30727736)
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 882-884
    • Rocca, M.A.1    Cercignani, M.2    Iannucci, G.3    Comi, G.4    Filippi, M.5
  • 171
    • 0036892790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging of pre-lesional white-matter changes in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1191/1352458502ms860oa
    • Fazekas F, Ropele S, Enzinger C, Seifert T, Strasser-Fuchs S. Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging of pre-lesional white-matter changes in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 8(6), 479-484 (2002). (Pubitemid 35396396)
    • (2002) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 479-484
    • Fazekas, F.1    Ropele, S.2    Enzinger, C.3    Seifert, T.4    Strasser-Fuchs, S.5
  • 172
    • 0032852674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo evidence for axonal dysfunction remote from focal cerebral demyelination of the type seen in multiple sclerosis
    • De Stefano N, Narayanan S, Matthews PM et al. In vivo evidence for axonal dysfunction remote from focal cerebral demyelination of the type seen in multiple sclerosis. Brain 122(Pt 10), 1933-1939 (1999).
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , Issue.PART 10 , pp. 1933-1939
    • De Stefano, N.1    Narayanan, S.2    Matthews, P.M.3
  • 174
    • 0033372792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: A post-mortem study
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2990.1999.00205.x
    • Ganter P, Prince C, Esiri MM. Spinal cord axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a post-mortem study. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 25(6), 459-467 (1999). (Pubitemid 30045420)
    • (1999) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 459-467
    • Ganter, P.1    Prince, C.2    Esiri, M.M.3
  • 176
    • 0036086983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of brain gray matter damage in different MS phenotypes by use of diffusion tensor MR imaging
    • Bozzali M, Cercignani M, Sormani MP, Comi G, Filippi M. Quantification of brain gray matter damage in different MS phenotypes by use of diffusion tensor MR imaging. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 23(6), 985-988 (2002). (Pubitemid 34663445)
    • (2002) American Journal of Neuroradiology , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 985-988
    • Bozzali, M.1    Cercignani, M.2    Sormani, M.P.3    Comi, G.4    Filippi, M.5
  • 178
    • 0034866802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Fractional volumetric analysis of gray matter and white matter
    • Ge Y, Grossman RI, Udupa JK et al. Brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: fractional volumetric analysis of gray matter and white matter. Radiology 220(3), 606-610 (2001). (Pubitemid 32799964)
    • (2001) Radiology , vol.220 , Issue.3 , pp. 606-610
    • Ge, Y.1    Grossman, R.I.2    Udupa, J.K.3    Babb, J.S.4    Nyul, L.G.5    Kolson, D.L.6
  • 179
    • 0035077346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evidence for neuronal damage in cortical grey matter and normal appearing white matter in short duration relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A quantitative MR spectroscopic imaging study
    • DOI 10.1007/s004150170248
    • Kapeller P, McLean MA, Griffin CM et al. Preliminary evidence for neuronal damage in cortical grey matter and normal appearing white matter in short duration relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a quantitative MR spectroscopic imaging study. J. Neurol. 248(2), 131-138 (2001). (Pubitemid 32245424)
    • (2001) Journal of Neurology , vol.248 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-138
    • Kapeller, P.1    McLean, M.A.2    Griffin, C.M.3    Chard, D.4    Parker, G.J.M.5    Barker, G.J.6    Thompson, A.J.7    Miller, D.H.8
  • 180
    • 0034892303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grey matter abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
    • DOI 10.1191/135245801680209312
    • Sharma R, Narayana PA, Wolinsky JS. Grey matter abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Mult. Scler. 7(4), 221-226 (2001). (Pubitemid 32780691)
    • (2001) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 221-226
    • Sharma, R.1    Narayana, P.A.2    Wolinsky, J.S.3
  • 182
    • 0036161001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain atrophy in clinically early relapsing- Remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Chard DT, Griffin CM, Parker GJ et al. Brain atrophy in clinically early relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis. Brain 125(Pt 2), 327-337 (2002).
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 327-337
    • Chard, D.T.1    Griffin, C.M.2    Parker, G.J.3
  • 183
    • 0037196878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dysfunction in patients with mildly disabling relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: An exploratory study with diffusion tensor MR imaging
    • PII S0022510X01006906
    • Rovaris M, Iannucci G, Falautano M et al. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with mildly disabling relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: an exploratory study with diffusion tensor MR imaging. J. Neurol. Sci. 195(2), 103-109 (2002). (Pubitemid 34202286)
    • (2002) Journal of the Neurological Sciences , vol.195 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-109
    • Rovaris, M.1    Iannucci, G.2    Falautano, M.3    Possa, F.4    Martinelli, V.5    Comi, G.6    Filippi, M.7
  • 184
    • 0034653442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Relationship with 'black holes', disease duration and clinical disability
    • Paolillo A, Pozzilli C, Gasperini C et al. Brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: relationship with 'black holes', disease duration and clinical disability. J. Neurol. Sci. 174(2), 85-91 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.174 , Issue.2 , pp. 85-91
    • Paolillo, A.1    Pozzilli, C.2    Gasperini, C.3
  • 185
    • 10944230117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Relationship between inflammation and atrophy in clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis: A monthly MRI study after triple-dose gadolinium-DTPA
    • DOI 10.1007/s00415-004-0349-8
    • Paolillo A, Piattella MC, Pantano P et al. The relationship between inflammation and atrophy in clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a monthly MRI study after triple-dose gadolinium-DTPA. J. Neurol. 251(4), 432-439 (2004). (Pubitemid 38501301)
    • (2004) Journal of Neurology , vol.251 , Issue.4 , pp. 432-439
    • Paolillo, A.1    Piattella, M.C.2    Pantano, P.3    Di Legge, S.4    Caramia, F.5    Russo, P.6    Lenzi, G.L.7    Pozzilli, C.8
  • 186
    • 6944246720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1a for brain tissue loss in patients at presentation with syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17271-1, PII S0140673604172711
    • Filippi M, Rovaris M, Inglese M et al. Interferon β-1a for brain tissue loss in patients at presentation with syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 364(9444), 1489-1496 (2004). (Pubitemid 39410414)
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , Issue.9444 , pp. 1489-1496
    • Filippi, M.1    Rovaris, M.2    Inglese, M.3    Barkhof, F.4    Stefano, N.D.5    Smith, S.6    Comi, P.G.7
  • 188
    • 0036783427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: Impact of lesions and of damage of whole brain tissue
    • DOI 10.1191/1352458502ms833oa
    • Kalkers NF, Vrenken H, Uitdehaag BM, Polman CH, Barkhof F. Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: impact of lesions and of damage of whole brain tissue. Mult. Scler. 8(5), 410-414 (2002). (Pubitemid 35041460)
    • (2002) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 410-414
    • Kalkers, N.F.1    Vrenken, H.2    Uitdehaag, B.M.J.3    Polman, C.H.4    Barkhof, F.5
  • 189
    • 0035869389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gray matter T2 hypointensity is related to plaques and atrophy in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-510X(01)00477-4, PII S0022510X01004774
    • Bakshi R, Dmochowski J, Shaikh ZA, Jacobs L. Gray matter T2 hypointensity is related to plaques and atrophy in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients. J. Neurol. Sci. 185(1), 19-26 (2001). (Pubitemid 32215497)
    • (2001) Journal of the Neurological Sciences , vol.185 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-26
    • Bakshi, R.1    Dmochowski, J.2    Shaikh, Z.A.3    Jacobs, L.4
  • 190
    • 25144486613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of longitudinal brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis by gray matter magnetic resonance imaging T2 hypointensity
    • Bermel RA, Puli SR, Rudick RA et al. Prediction of longitudinal brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis by gray matter magnetic resonance imaging T2 hypointensity. Arch. Neurol. 62(9), 1371-1376 (2005).
    • (2005) Arch. Neurol. , vol.62 , Issue.9 , pp. 1371-1376
    • Bermel, R.A.1    Puli, S.R.2    Rudick, R.A.3
  • 191
    • 0031882301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS. A 10-year follow-up
    • O'Riordan JI, Thompson AJ, Kingsley DP et al. The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS. A 10-year follow-up. Brain 121(Pt 3), 495-503 (1998).
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 495-503
    • O'Riordan, J.I.1    Thompson, A.J.2    Kingsley, D.P.3
  • 193
    • 0027410777 scopus 로고
    • The significance of brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities at presentation with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis: A 5-year follow-up study
    • Morrissey SP, Miller DH, Kendall BE et al. The significance of brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities at presentation with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 5-year follow-up study. Brain 116(Pt 1), 135-146 (1993).
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 135-146
    • Morrissey, S.P.1    Miller, D.H.2    Kendall, B.E.3
  • 194
    • 39749200152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disability and T2 MRI lesions: A 20-year follow-up of patients with relapse onset of multiple sclerosis
    • Fisniku LK, Brex PA, Altmann DR et al. Disability and T2 MRI lesions: a 20-year follow-up of patients with relapse onset of multiple sclerosis. Brain 131(Pt 3), 808-817 (2008).
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 808-817
    • Fisniku, L.K.1    Brex, P.A.2    Altmann, D.R.3
  • 195
    • 0042671368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical mapping analysis of lesion location and neurological disability in multiple sclerosis: Application to 452 patient data sets
    • DOI 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00117-4
    • Charil A, Zijdenbos AP, Taylor J et al. Statistical mapping analysis of lesion location and neurological disability in multiple sclerosis: application to 452 patient data sets. Neuroimage 19(3), 532-544 (2003). (Pubitemid 36918200)
    • (2003) NeuroImage , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 532-544
    • Charil, A.1    Zijdenbos, A.P.2    Taylor, J.3    Boelman, C.4    Worsley, K.J.5    Evans, A.C.6    Dagher, A.7
  • 196
    • 0026323045 scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of acute optic neuritis. An association of gadolinium leakage with clinical and electrophysiological deficits
    • Youl BD, Turano G, Miller DH et al. The pathophysiology of acute optic neuritis. An association of gadolinium leakage with clinical and electrophysiological deficits. Brain 114(Pt 6), 2437-2450 (1991).
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , Issue.PART 6 , pp. 2437-2450
    • Youl, B.D.1    Turano, G.2    Miller, D.H.3
  • 198
    • 65249180844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical correlations of brain lesion distribution in multiple sclerosis
    • Vellinga MM, Geurts JJ, Rostrup E et al. Clinical correlations of brain lesion distribution in multiple sclerosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 29(4), 768-773 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 768-773
    • Vellinga, M.M.1    Geurts, J.J.2    Rostrup, E.3
  • 199
    • 0036163887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disability and lesion load in MS: A reassessment with MS functional composite score and 3D fast FLAIR
    • Ciccarelli O, Brex PA, Thompson AJ, Miller DH. Disability and lesion load in MS: a reassessment with MS functional composite score and 3D fast FLAIR. J. Neurol. 249(1), 18-24 (2002). (Pubitemid 34119019)
    • (2002) Journal of Neurology , vol.249 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-24
    • Ciccarelli, O.1    Brex, P.A.2    Thompson, A.J.3    Miller, D.H.4
  • 201
    • 33645767159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging as a surrogate outcome measure of disability in multiple sclerosis: Have we been overly harsh in our assessment?
    • Goodin DS. Magnetic resonance imaging as a surrogate outcome measure of disability in multiple sclerosis: have we been overly harsh in our assessment? Ann. Neurol. 59(4), 597-605 (2006).
    • (2006) Ann. Neurol. , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 597-605
    • Goodin, D.S.1
  • 202
    • 0032754839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Longitudinal analysis of MR images - Lack of correlation between changes in T2 lesion volume and clinical findings
    • Miki Y, Grossman RI, Udupa JK et al. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: longitudinal analysis of MR images - lack of correlation between changes in T2 lesion volume and clinical findings. Radiology 213(2), 395-399 (1999). (Pubitemid 29510584)
    • (1999) Radiology , vol.213 , Issue.2 , pp. 395-399
    • Miki, Y.1    Grossman, R.I.2    Udupa, J.K.3    Wei, L.4    Polansky, M.5    Mannon, L.J.6    Kolson, D.L.7
  • 203
    • 33746790166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of T2 lesions in multiple sclerosis: A 13-year longitudinal study
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.20883
    • Rudick RA, Lee JC, Simon J, Fisher E. Significance of T2 lesions in multiple sclerosis: a 13-year longitudinal study. Ann. Neurol. 60(2), 236-242 (2006). (Pubitemid 44182398)
    • (2006) Annals of Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 236-242
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Lee, J.-C.2    Simon, J.3    Fisher, E.4
  • 204
    • 67649210709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI - The perfect surrogate marker for multiple sclerosis?
    • Barkhof F, Filippi M. MRI - the perfect surrogate marker for multiple sclerosis? Nat. Rev. Neurol. 5(4), 182-183 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Neurol. , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 182-183
    • Barkhof, F.1    Filippi, M.2
  • 207
    • 0033759074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for adaptive functional changes in the cerebral cortex with axonal injury from multiple sclerosis
    • Reddy H, Narayanan S, Arnoutelis R et al. Evidence for adaptive functional changes in the cerebral cortex with axonal injury from multiple sclerosis. Brain 123(Pt 11), 2314-2320 (2000). (Pubitemid 30823946)
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.11 , pp. 2314-2320
    • Reddy, H.1    Narayanan, S.2    Arnoutelis, R.3    Jenkinson, M.4    Antel, J.5    Matthews, P.M.6    Arnold, D.L.7
  • 208
    • 0036939612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of corticospinal tract damage to cortical motor reorganization after a single clinical attack of multiple sclerosis
    • Pantano P, Mainero C, Iannetti GD et al. Contribution of corticospinal tract damage to cortical motor reorganization after a single clinical attack of multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage 17(4), 1837-1843 (2002).
    • (2002) Neuroimage , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 1837-1843
    • Pantano, P.1    Mainero, C.2    Iannetti, G.D.3
  • 209
    • 33645750278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The level of spinal cord involvement influences the pattern of movementassociated cortical recruitment in patients with isolated myelitis
    • Rocca MA, Agosta F, Martinelli V et al. The level of spinal cord involvement influences the pattern of movementassociated cortical recruitment in patients with isolated myelitis. Neuroimage 30(3), 879-884 (2006).
    • (2006) Neuroimage , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 879-884
    • Rocca, M.A.1    Agosta, F.2    Martinelli, V.3
  • 212
    • 4344621466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI prognostic factors for relapse after acute CNS inflammatory demyelination in childhood
    • Mikaeloff Y, Adamsbaum C, Husson B et al. MRI prognostic factors for relapse after acute CNS inflammatory demyelination in childhood. Brain 127(Pt 9), 1942-1947 (2004).
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , Issue.PART 9 , pp. 1942-1947
    • Mikaeloff, Y.1    Adamsbaum, C.2    Husson, B.3
  • 215
    • 0036157690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric tumefactive demyelination: Case series and review of the literature
    • McAdam LC, Blaser SI, Banwell BL. Pediatric tumefactive demyelination: case series and review of the literature. Pediatr. Neurol. 26(1), 18-25 (2002).
    • (2002) Pediatr. Neurol. , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-25
    • McAdam, L.C.1    Blaser, S.I.2    Banwell, B.L.3
  • 216
    • 1542268252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Preliminary Diffusion Tensor and Magnetization Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Early-Onset Multiple Sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1001/archneur.61.3.366
    • Mezzapesa DM, Rocca MA, Falini A et al. A preliminary diffusion tensor and magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging study of early-onset multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 61(3), 366-368 (2004). (Pubitemid 38327354)
    • (2004) Archives of Neurology , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 366-368
    • Mezzapesa, D.M.1    Rocca, M.A.2    Falini, A.3    Rodegher, M.E.4    Ghezzi, A.5    Comi, G.6    Filippi, M.7
  • 218
    • 1542376021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI criteria for multiple sclerosis: Evaluation in a pediatric cohort
    • Hahn CD, Shroff MM, Blaser SI, Banwell BL. MRI criteria for multiple sclerosis: evaluation in a pediatric cohort. Neurology 62(5), 806-808 (2004).
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 806-808
    • Hahn, C.D.1    Shroff, M.M.2    Blaser, S.I.3    Banwell, B.L.4
  • 219
    • 0036189054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of MRI as a surrogate outcome measure in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1191/1352458502ms767xx
    • McFarland HF, Barkhof F, Antel J, Miller DH. The role of MRI as a surrogate outcome measure in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 8(1), 40-51 (2002). (Pubitemid 34193027)
    • (2002) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-51
    • McFarland, H.F.1    Barkhof, F.2    Antel, J.3    Miller, D.H.4
  • 220
    • 0032864616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging results of the PRISMS trial: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study of interferon-β1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: prevention of relapses and disability by interferon-β1a subcutaneously in multiple sclerosis
    • Li DK, Paty DW. Magnetic resonance imaging results of the PRISMS trial: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study of interferon-β1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: prevention of relapses and disability by interferon-β1a subcutaneously in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 46(2), 197-206 (1999).
    • (1999) Ann. Neurol. , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-206
    • Li, D.K.1    Paty, D.W.2
  • 221
    • 0027521002 scopus 로고
    • Interferon β-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. II. MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • UBC MS/MRI study group and the IFNB Multiple Sclerosis study group
    • Paty DW, Li DK. Interferon β-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. II. MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. UBC MS/MRI study group and the IFNB Multiple Sclerosis study group. Neurology 43(4), 662-667 (1993).
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 662-667
    • Paty, D.W.1    Li, D.K.2
  • 222
    • 6844250787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance studies of intramuscular interferon β-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis: The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative research group
    • Simon JH, Jacobs LD, Campion M et al. Magnetic resonance studies of intramuscular interferon β-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis: The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative research group. Ann. Neurol. 43(1), 79-87 (1998).
    • (1998) Ann. Neurol. , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-87
    • Simon, J.H.1    Jacobs, L.D.2    Campion, M.3
  • 223
    • 0035091667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European/Canadian multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effects of glatiramer acetate on magnetic resonance imaging-measured disease activity and burden in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1002/ana.64
    • Comi G, Filippi M, Wolinsky JS. European/Canadian multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study of the effects of glatiramer acetate on magnetic resonance imaging - measured disease activity and burden in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: European/Canadian Glatiramer Acetate study group. Ann. Neurol. 49(3), 290-297 (2001). (Pubitemid 32202781)
    • (2001) Annals of Neurology , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 290-297
    • Comi, G.1    Filippi, M.2    Wolinsky, J.S.3
  • 225
    • 34547627505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of IFN-β on black holes in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1517/14712598.7.7.1079
    • Bagnato F, Evangelou IE, Gallo A, Gaindh D, Yao K. The effect of interferon-β on black holes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 7(7), 1079-1091 (2007). (Pubitemid 47204360)
    • (2007) Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy , vol.7 , Issue.7 , pp. 1079-1091
    • Bagnato, F.1    Evangelou, I.E.2    Gallo, A.3    Gaindh, D.4    Yao, K.5
  • 226
    • 0032863674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between enhancing lesion number and volume on standard and triple dose gadolinium-enhanced brain MRI scans from patients with multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0730-725X(99)00046-6, PII S0730725X99000466
    • Rovaris M, Capra R, Martinelli V et al. Cumulative effect of a weekly low dose of interferon β 1a on standard and triple dose contrast-enhanced MRI from multiple sclerosis patients. J. Neurol. Sci. 171(2), 130-134 (1999). (Pubitemid 29420713)
    • (1999) Magnetic Resonance Imaging , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 985-988
    • Rovaris, M.1    Bastianello, S.2    Capra, R.3    Comi, G.4    Yousry, T.A.5    Filippi, M.6
  • 227
    • 0028988737 scopus 로고
    • The effect of interferon-β on blood-brain barrier disruptions demonstrated by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Stone LA, Frank JA, Albert PS et al. The effect of interferon-β on blood-brain barrier disruptions demonstrated by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 37(5), 611-619 (1995).
    • (1995) Ann. Neurol. , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 611-619
    • Stone, L.A.1    Frank, J.A.2    Albert, P.S.3
  • 229
    • 0033472729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of interferon-β1b on magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Results of a European multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: European study group on interferon-β1b in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Miller DH, Molyneux PD, Barker GJ et al. Effect of interferon-β1b on magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a European multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: European study group on interferon-β1b in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 46(6), 850-859 (1999).
    • (1999) Ann. Neurol. , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 850-859
    • Miller, D.H.1    Molyneux, P.D.2    Barker, G.J.3
  • 233
    • 24644485224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of mitoxantrone on MRI in progressive MS: Results of the MIMS trial
    • DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000174439.70369.7a
    • Krapf H, Morrissey SP, Zenker O et al. Effect of mitoxantrone on MRI in progressive MS: results of the MIMS trial. Neurology 65(5), 690-695 (2005). (Pubitemid 41285846)
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , Issue.5 , pp. 690-695
    • Krapf, H.1    Morrissey, S.P.2    Zenker, O.3    Zwingers, T.4    Gonsette, R.5    Hartung, H.-P.6
  • 235
    • 58849099459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab use in pediatric multiple sclerosis
    • Huppke P, Stark W, Zurcher C et al. Natalizumab use in pediatric multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 65(12), 1655-1658 (2008).
    • (2008) Arch Neurol. , vol.65 , Issue.12 , pp. 1655-1658
    • Huppke, P.1    Stark, W.2    Zurcher, C.3
  • 236
    • 0344809968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of IFN-β-1a dose response in relapsing-remitting MS: The OWIMS Study
    • The Once Weekly Interferon for MS Study Group.
    • The Once Weekly Interferon for MS Study Group. Evidence of IFN-β-1a dose response in relapsing-remitting MS: the OWIMS Study. Neurology 53, 679 (1999).
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 679
  • 238
    • 0037181634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Every-other-day interferon beta-1b versus once-weekly interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis: Results of a 2-year prospective randomised multicentre study (INCOMIN)
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08430-1
    • Durelli L, Verdun E, Barbero P et al. Every-other-day interferon β-1b versus once-weekly interferon β-1a for multiple sclerosis: results of a 2-year prospective randomised multicentre study (INCOMIN). Lancet 359(9316), 1453-1460 (2002). (Pubitemid 34457761)
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9316 , pp. 1453-1460
    • Durelli, L.1    Verdun, E.2    Barbero, P.3    Bergui, M.4    Versino, E.5    Ghezzi, A.6    Montanari, E.7    Zaffaroni, M.8
  • 239
    • 25444485419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of interferon beta-1b on black holes in multiple sclerosis over a 6-year period with monthly evaluations
    • DOI 10.1001/archneur.62.11.noc40499
    • Bagnato F, Gupta S, Richert ND et al. Effects of interferon β-1b on black holes in multiple sclerosis over a 6-year period with monthly evaluations. Arch. Neurol. 62(11), 1684-1688 (2005). (Pubitemid 41626663)
    • (2005) Archives of Neurology , vol.62 , Issue.11 , pp. 1684-1688
    • Bagnato, F.1    Gupta, S.2    Richert, N.D.3    Stone, R.D.4    Ohayon, J.M.5    Frank, J.A.6    McFarland, H.F.7
  • 241
    • 0035964157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glatiramer acetate reduces the proportion of new MS lesions evolving into "black holes"
    • Filippi M, Rovaris M, Rocca MA et al. Glatiramer acetate reduces the proportion of new MS lesions evolving into "black holes". Neurology 57(4), 731-733 (2001).
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 731-733
    • Filippi, M.1    Rovaris, M.2    Rocca, M.A.3
  • 243
    • 25144467932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical implications of neuropathological findings in multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1007/s00415-005-2011-5
    • Bruck W. Clinical implications of neuropathological findings in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 252(Suppl. 3), III10-III14 (2005). (Pubitemid 41355779)
    • (2005) Journal of Neurology , vol.252 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Bruck, W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.