Gene therapy via inducible nitric oxide synthase: A tool for the treatment of a diverse range of pathological conditions

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Volumn 60, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 999-1017

  McCarthy, Helen O ^a   Coulter, Jonathan A ^a   Robson, Tracy ^a   Hirst, David G ^a  

^a QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOVIRUS VECTOR; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIBODY; CASPASE; CYCLIC GMP; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR 1; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; CYCLOSPORIN A; FLUOROURACIL; GANCICLOVIR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; INTERLEUKIN 2; LENTIVIRUS VECTOR; LIPOSOME; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION PORE; N ACETYL S NITROSOPENICILLAMINE; N(G) NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER; NAKED DNA; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; NITRIC OXIDE; OSTEOCALCIN; PARVOVIRUS VECTOR; PHOSPHODIESTERASE V; PROSTATE SPECIFIC MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; PROTEIN KINASE (CALCIUM,CALMODULIN); RETROVIRUS VECTOR; SURVIVIN; THYMIDINE KINASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VIRUS VECTOR;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CANCER CELL CULTURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COLON ADENOCARCINOMA; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; FIBROSARCOMA; GENE THERAPY; HEART INFARCTION; HEART PROTECTION; HUMAN; KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION; MELANOMA; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; NONVIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; OVARY CARCINOMA; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; RESTENOSIS; REVIEW; SECOND MESSENGER; SUICIDE GENE; TRANSGENE; VIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; WOUND HEALING IMPAIRMENT;

ANIMALS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; FEMALE; GENE THERAPY; GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; KIDNEY DISEASES; MALE; NEOPLASMS; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE TYPE II; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 47949131904     PISSN: 00223573     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.8.0007     Document Type: Review

References (179)

1. Akashi, M., Hachiya, M., Osawa, Y., Spirin, K., Suzuki, G. Koeffler, H. P. (1995) Irradiation induces WAF1 expression through a p53-independent pathway in KG-1 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 19181-19187
2. Albina, J. E., Mills, C. D., Henry, W. L., Jr, Caldwell, M. D. (1990) Temporal expression of different pathways of 1-arginine metabolism in healing wounds. J. Immunol. 144: 3877-3880
3. Amalfitano, A., Hauser, M. A., Hu, H., Serra, D., Begy, C. R., Chamberlain, J. S. (1998) Production and characterization of improved adenovirus vectors with the E1, E2b, and E3 genes deleted. J. Virol. 72: 926-933
4. Ambs, S., Merriam, W. G., Ogunfusika, M. O., Bennett, W. P., Ishibe, N., Hussain, S. P., Tzeng, E. E., Geller, D. A., Billiar, T. R., Harris, C. C. (1998) p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor regulate tumor growth of NOS2-expressing human carcinoma cells. Nat. Med. 4: 1371-1376
5. Ardehali, A. (1995) Heart transplantation: accelerated graft atherosclerosis. Adv. Cardiac Surg. 6: 195-205
6. Banerjee, R. (2001) Liposomes: applications in medicine. J. Biomat. Appl. 16: 3-21
7. Barbato, J. E., Tzeng, E. (2004) iNOS gene transfer for graft disease. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 14: 267-272
8. Barbul, A., Lazarou, S. A., Efron, D. T., Wasserkrug, H. L., Efron, G. (1990) Arginine enhances wound healing and lymphocyte immune responses in humans. Surgery 108: 331-336; discussion 336-337
9. Barzon, L., Bonaguro, R., Castagliuolo, I., Chilosi, M., Franchin, E., Del Vecchio, C., Giaretta, I., Boscaro, M., Palu, G. (2003) Gene therapy of thyroid cancer via retrovirally-driven combined expression of human interleukin-2 and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 148: 73-80
10. Basu, A., Ryder, R. E. (2004) New treatment options for erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus. Drugs 64: 2667-2688
11. Benrath, J., Eschenfelder, C., Zimmerman, M., Gillardon, F. (1995) Calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and nitric oxide are involved in cutaneous inflammation following ultraviolet irradiation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 293: 87-96
12. Bolli, R. (1996) The early and late phases of preconditioning against myocardial stunning and the essential role of oxyradicals in the late phase: an overview. Basic Res. Cardiol. 91: 57-63
13. Bolli, R. (2000) The late phase of preconditioning. Circ Res. 87: 972-983
14. Bolli, R., Bhatti, Z. A., Tang, X. L., Qiu, Y., Zhang, Q., Guo, Y., Jadoon, A. K. (1997) Evidence that late preconditioning against myocardial stunning in conscious rabbits is triggered by the generation of nitric oxide. Circ. Res. 81: 42-52
15. Bolli, R., Dawn, B., Tang, X. L., Qiu, Y., Ping, P., Xuan, Y. T., Jones, W. K., Takano, H., Guo, Y., Zhang, J. (1998) The nitric oxide hypothesis of late preconditioning. Basic Res. Cardiol. 93: 325-338
16. Bucala, R., Tracey, K. J., Cerami, A. (1991) Advanced glycosylation products quench nitric oxide and mediate defective endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in experimental diabetes. J. Clin. Invest. 87: 432-438
17. Budts, W., Pokreisz, P., Nong, Z., Van Pelt, N., Gillijns, H., Gerard, R., Lyons, R., Collen, D., Bloch, K. D., Janssens, S. (2000) Aerosol gene transfer with inducible nitric oxide synthase reduces hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats. Circulation 102: 2880-2885
18. Bukrinsky, M. I., Haffar, O. K. (1997) HIV-1 nuclear import: in search of a leader. Frontiers Biosci. 2: d578-587
19. Burnett, A. L., Lowenstein, C. J., Bredt, D. S., Chang, T. S., Snyder, S. H. (1992) Nitric oxide: a physiologic mediator of penile erection. Science 257: 401-403
20. Buttery, L. D., Springall, D. R., Chester, A. H., Evans, T. J., Standfield, E. N., Parums, D. V., Yacoub, M. H., Polak, J. M. (1996) Inducible nitric oxide synthase is present within human atherosclerotic lesions and promotes the formation and activity of peroxynitrite. Lab. Invest. 75: 77-85
21. Calver, A., Collier, J., Vallance, P. (1993) Nitric oxide and the control of human vascular tone in health and disease. Eur. J. Med. 2: 48-53
22. Caplen, N. J., Alton, E. W., Middleton, P. G., Dorin, J. R., Stevenson, B. J., Gao, X., Durham, S. R., Jeffery, P. K., Hodson, M. E., Coutelle, C. (1995) Liposome-mediated CFTR gene transfer to the nasal epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis. Nat. Med. 1: 39-46
23. Carter, E. A., Derojas-Walker, T., Tamir, S., Tannenbaum, S. R., Yu, Y. M., Tompkins, R. G. (1994) Nitric oxide production is intensely and persistently increased in tissue by thermal injury. Biochem. J. 304:201-204
24. Caruso, M., Pham-Nguyen, K., Kwong, Y. L., Xu, B., Kosai, K. I., Finegold, M., Woo, S. L., Chen, S. H. (1996) Adenovirus-mediated interleukin-12 gene therapy for metastatic colon carcinoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93: 11302-11306
25. Cho, H. J., Xie, Q. W., Calaycay, J., Mumford, R. A., Swiderek, K. M., Lee, T. D., Nathan, C. (1992) Calmodulin is a subunit of nitric oxide synthase from macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 176: 599-604
26. Chung, P., Cook, T., Liu, K., Vodovotz, Y., Zamora, R., Finkelstein, S., Billiar, T., Blumberg, D. (2003) Overexpression of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene enhances radiation-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via a caspase-dependent mechanism. Nitric Oxide 8: 119-126
27. Clowes, A. W., Reidy, M. A., Clowes, M. M. (1983) Mechanisms of stenosis after arterial injury. Lab. Invest. 49: 208-215
28. Cook, T., Wang, Z., Alber, S., Liu, K., Watkins, S. C., Vodovotz, Y., Billiar, T. R., Blumberg, D. (2004) Nitric oxide and ionizing radiation synergistically promote apoptosis and growth inhibition of cancer by activating p53. Cancer Res. 64: 8015-8021
29. Cooney, R., Hynes, S. O., Duffy, A. M., Sharif, F., O'Brien, T. (2006) Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and vascular cell proliferation. J. Vasc. Res. 43: 462-472
30. Cooney, R., Hynes, S. O., Sharif, F., Howard, L., O'Brien, T. (2007) Effect of gene delivery of NOS isoforms on intimal hyperplasia and endothelial regeneration after balloon injury. Gene Ther. 14: 396-404
31. Curatolo, C., Ludovico, G. M., Correale, M., Pagliarulo, A., Abbate, I., Cirrillo Marucco, E., Barletta, A. (1992) Advanced prostate cancer follow-up with prostate-specific antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, osteocalcin and bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. Eur. Urol. 21 (Suppl 1): 105-107
32. Danos, O., Mulligan, R. C. (1988) Safe and efficient generation of recombinant retroviruses with amphotropic and ecotropic host ranges. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85: 6460-6464
33. Datta, R., Taneja, N., Sukhatme, V. P., Qureshi, S. A., Weichselbaum, R., Kufe, D. W. (1993) Reactive oxygen intermediates target CC(A/T)6GG sequences to mediate activation of the early growth response 1 transcription factor gene by ionizing radiation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90: 2419-2422
34. Davignon, J., Ganz, P. (2004) Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation 109 (23 Suppl 1): 11127-32
35. Dodds, R. A., Connor, J. R., James, I. E., Rykaczewski, E. L., Appelbaum, E., Dul, E., Gowen, M. (1995) Human osteoclasts, not osteoblasts, deposit osteopontin onto resorption surfaces: an in vitro and ex vivo study of remodeling bone. J. Bone Miner. Res. 10: 1666-1680
36. Dubey, R. K., Jackson, E. K., Luscher, T. F. (1995) Nitric oxide inhibits angiotensin II-induced migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cell. Role of cyclic-nucleotides and angiotensin 1 receptors. J. Clin. Invest. 96: 141-149
37. Feldman, B. J., Feldman, D. (2001) The development of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 1: 34-45
38. Felgner, J. H., Kumar, R., Sridhar, C. N., Wheeler, C. J., Tsai, Y. J., Border, R., Ramsey, P., Martin, M., Feigner, P. L. (1994). Enhanced gene delivery and mechanism studies with a novel series of cationic lipid formulations. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 2550-2561
39. Ferrari, F. K., Samulski, T., Shenk, T., Samulski, R. J. (1996) Second-strand synthesis is a rate-limiting step for efficient transduction by recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. J. Virol. 70: 3227-3234
40. Fichera, A., Michelassi, F., Arenas, R. B. (1998) Selective expression of carcinoembryonic antigen promoter in cancer cell lines: targeting strategy for gene therapy in colorectal cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum 41: 747-754
41. Fillat, C., Carrio, M., Cascante, A., Sangro, B. (2003) Suicide gene therapy mediated by the Herpes Simplex virus thymidine kinase gene/Ganciclovir system: fifteen years of application. Curr. Gene Ther. 3: 13-26
42. Fingerle, J., Johnson, R., Clowes, A. W., Majesky, M. W., Reidy, M. A. (1989) Role of platelets in smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration after vascular injury in rat carotid artery. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 86: 8412-8416
43. Forstermann, U., Closs, E. I., Pollock, J. S., Nakane, M., Schwarz, P., Gath, I., Kleinert, H. (1994) Nitric oxide synthase isozymes. Characterization, purification, molecular cloning, and functions. Hypertension 23: 1121-1131
44. Forstermann, U., Kleinen, H., Gath, I., Schwarz, P., Closs, E. I., Dun, N. J. (1995) Expression and expressional control of nitric oxide synthases in various cell types. Adv. Pharmacol. 34: 171-186
45. Furchgott, R. F., Zawadzki, J. V. (1980) The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 288: 373-376
46. Garban, H., Marquez, D., Magee, T., Moody, J., Rajavashisth, T., Rodriguez, J. A., Hung, A., Vernet, D., Rajfer, J., Gonzalez-Cadavid, N. F. (1997) Cloning of rat and human inducible penile nitric oxide synthase. Application for gene therapy of erectile dysfunction. Biol. Reprod. 56: 954-963
47. Garg, U. C., Hassid, A. (1989) Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Clin. Invest. 83: 1774-1777
48. Gartel, A. L., Tyner, A. L. (1999) Transcriptional regulation of the p21 ((WAF 1/CIP1)) gene. Exp. Cell Res. 246: 280-289
49. Gath, I., Closs, E. I., Godtel-Armbrust, U., Schmitt, S., Nakane, M., Wessler, I., Forstermann, U. (1996) Inducible NO synthase II and neuronal NO synthase I are constitutively expressed in different structures of guinea pig skeletal muscle: implications for contractile function. FASEB J. 10: 1614-1620
50. Glover, D. J., Lipps, H. J., Jans, D. A. (2005) Towards safe, nonviral therapeutic gene expression in humans. Nat. Rev. Genet. 6: 299-310
51. Gordon, J. W., Ruddle, F. H. (1981) Integration and stable germ line transmission of genes injected into mouse pronuclei. Science 214: 1244-1246
52. Gordon, J. W., Scangos, G. A., Plotkin, D. J., Barbosa, J. A., Ruddle, F. H. (1980) Genetic transformation of mouse embryos by microinjection of purified DNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 77: 7380-7384
53. Guo, J. P., Panday, M. M., Consigny, P. M., Lefer, A. M. (1995) Mechanisms of vascular preservation by a novel NO donor following rat carotid artery intimal injury. Am. J. Physiol. 269: H1122-1131
54. Guo, Y., Jones, W. K., Xuan, Y. T., Tang, X. L., Bao, W., Wu, W. J., Han, H., Laubach, V. E., Ping, P., Yang, Z., Qiu, Y., Bolli, R. (1999) The late phase of ischemic preconditioning is abrogated by targeted disruption of the inducible NO synthase gene. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96: 11507-11512
55. Hajri, A., Metzger, E., Vallat, F., Coffy, S., Flatter, E., Evrard, S., Marescaux, J., Aprahamian, M. (1998) Role of nitric oxide in pancreatic tumour growth: in vivo and in vitro studies. Br. J. Cancer 78: 841-849
56. Halliwill, J. R., Minson, C. T., Joyner, M. J. (2000) Effect of systemic nitric oxide synthase inhibition on postexercise hypotension in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 89: 1830-1836
57. Hayashi, T., Sumi, D., Juliet, P. A., Matsui-Hirai, H., Asai-Tanaka, Y., Kano, H., Fukatsu, A., Tsunekawa, T., Miyazaki, A., Iguchi, A., Ignarro, L. J. (2004) Gene transfer of endothelial NO synthase, but not eNOS plus inducible NOS, regressed atherosclerosis in rabbits. Cardiovasc. Res. 61: 339-351
58. Hesdorffer, C., Ayello, J., Ward, M., Kaubisch, A., Vahdat, L., Balmaceda, C., Garrett, T., Fetell, M., Reiss, R., Bank, A., Antman, K. (1998) Phase I trial of retroviral-mediated transfer of the human MDR1 gene as marrow chemoprotection in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation. J. Clin. Oncol. 16: 165-172
59. Hickey, M. J., Sharkey, K. A., Sihota, E. G., Reinhardt, P. H., Macmicking, J. D., Nathan, C., Kubes, P. (1997) Inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice have enhanced leukocyte-endothelium interactions in endotoxemia. FASEB J. 11: 955-964
60. Holan, V., Krulova, M., Zajicova, A., Pindjakova, J. (2002) Nitric oxide as a regulatory and effector molecule in the immune system. Mol. Immunol. 38: 989-995
61. Huang, P., Hawthorne, W. J., Peng, A., Angeli, G. L., Medbury, H. J., Fletcher, J. P. (2001) Calcium channel antagonist verapamil inhibits neointimal formation and enhances apoptosis in a vascular graft model. Am. J. Surg. 181: 492-498
62. Hung, A., Vernet, D., Xie, Y., Rajavashisth, T., Rodriguez, J. A., Rajfer, J., Gonzalez-Cadavid, N. F. (1995) Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in smooth muscle cells from rat penile corpora cavernosa. J. Androl. 16: 469-481
63. Ignarro, L. J., Buga, G. M., Wood, K. S., Byrns, R. E., Chaudhuri, G. (1987) Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84: 9265-9269
64. Ignarro, L. J., Buga, G. M., Wei, L. H., Bauer, P. M., Wu, G., del Soldato, P. (2001) Role of the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98: 4202-4208
65. Ikegami, S., Tadakuma, T., Yamakami, K., Ono, T., Suzuki, S., Yoshimura, I., Asano, T., Hayakawa, M. (2005) Selective gene therapy for prostate cancer cells using liposomes conjugated with IgM type monoclonal antibody against prostate-specific membrane antigen. Human Cell 18: 17-23
66. Ito, K., Chen, J., Khodadadian, J. J., Seshan, S. V., Eaton, C., Zhao, X., Vaughan, E. D., Jr, Lipkowitz, M., Poppas, D. P., Felsen, D. (2004) Liposome-mediated transfer of nitric oxide synthase gene improves renal function in ureteral obstruction in rats. Kidney Int. 66: 1365-1375
67. Iwashina, M., Shichiri, M., Marumo, F., Hirata, Y. (1998) Transfection of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene causes apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation 98: 1212-1218
68. Jiang, L., Quarck, R., Janssens, S., Pokreisz, P., Demedts, M., Delcroix, M. (2006) Effect of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase on vascular reactivity of rat isolated pulmonary arteries. Pflugers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol. 452: 213-221
69. Jones, M. K., Tsugawa, K., Tarnawski, A. S., Baatar, D. (2004) Dual actions of nitric oxide on angiogenesis: possible roles of PKC, ERK, and AP-1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 318: 520-528
70. Jones, S. P., Bolli, R. (2006) The ubiquitous role of nitric oxide in cardioprotection. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 40: 16-23
71. Kelly, R. A., Balligand, J. L., Smith, T. W. (1996) Nitric oxide and cardiac function. Circulation Res. 79: 363-380
72. Khare, P. D., Shao-Xi, L., Kuroki, M., Hirose, Y., Arakawa, F., Nakamura, K., Tomita, Y., Kuroki, M. (2001) Specifically targeted killing of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-expressing cells by a retroviral vector displaying single-chain variable fragmented antibody to CEA and carrying the gene for inducible nitric oxide synthase. Cancer Res. 61: 370-375
73. Kibbe, M., Billiar, T., Tzeng, E. (1999a) Gene therapy and vascular disease. Adv. Pharmacol. 46: 85-150
74. Kibbe, M., Billiar, T., Tzeng, E. (1999b) Inducible nitric oxide synthase and vascular injury. Cardiovasc. Res. 43: 650-657
75. Kibbe, M. R., Li, J., Nie, S., Watkins, S. C., Lizonova, A., Kovesdi, I., Simmons, R. L., Billiar, T. R., Tzeng, E. (2000) Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression upregulates p21 and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and independent of p53 and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. J. Vasc. Surg. 31: 1214-1228
76. Kim, P. K., Zamora, R., Petrosko, P., Billiar, T. R. (2001) The regulatory role of nitric oxide in apoptosis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 1: 1421-1441
77. Knop, A. E., Arndt, A. J., Raponi, M., Boyd, M. P., Ely, J. A., Symonds, G. (1999) Artificial capillary culture: expansion and retroviral transduction of CD4+ T-lymphocytes for clinical application. Gene Ther. 6: 373-384
78. Koeneman, K. S., Yeung, F., Chung, L. W. (1999) Osteomimetic properties of prostate cancer cells: a hypothesis supporting the predilection of prostate cancer metastasis and growth in the bone environment. Prostate 39: 246-261
79. Koeneman, K. S., Kao, C., Ko, S. C., Yang, L., Wada, Y., Kallmes, D. F., Gillenwater, J. Y., Zhau, H. E., Chung, L. W., Gardner, T. A. (2000) Osteocalcin-directed gene therapy for prostate-cancer bone metastasis. World J. Urol. 18: 102-110
80. Kown, M. H., Yamaguchi, A., Jahncke, C. L., Miniati, D., Murata, S., Grunenfelder, J., Koransky, M. L., Rothbard, J. B., Robbins, R. C. (2001) L-arginine polymers inhibit the development of vein graft neointimal hyperplasia. J. Thorac Cardiovasc. Surg. 121: 971-980
81. Kubes, P., Suzuki, M., Granger, D. N. (1991) Nitric oxide: an endogenous modulator of leukocyte adhesion. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88: 4651-4655
82. Kullo, I. J., Mozes, G., Schwartz, R. S., Gloviczki, P., Tsutsui, M., Katusic, Z. S., O'Brien, T. (1997) Enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxations after gene transfer of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase to rabbit carotid arteries. Hypertension 30: 314-320
83. Kuroki, M., Arakawa, F., Haruno, M., Murakami, M., Wakisaka, M., Higuchi, H., Oikawa, S., Nakazato, H., Matsuoka, Y. (1992) Biochemical characterization of 25 distinct carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) epitopes recognized by 57 monoclonal antibodies and categorized into seven groups in terms of domain structure of the CEA molecule. Hyhridoma 11: 391-407
84. Lee, M. R., Li, L., Kitazawa, T. (1997) Cyclic GMP causes Ca2+ desensitization in vascular smooth muscle by activating the myosin light chain phosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 5063-5068
85. Lee, R. H., Efron, D., Tantry, U., Barbul, A. (2001) Nitric oxide in the healing wound: a time-course study. J. Surg. Res. 101: 104-108
86. Lehrman, S. (1999) Virus treatment questioned after gene therapy death. Nature 401: 517-518
87. Leibovich, S. J., Polverini, P. J., Fong, T. W., Harlow, L. A., Koch, A. E. (1994) Production of angiogenic activity by human monocytes requires an L-arginine/nitric oxide-synthase-dependent effector mechanism. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91: 4190-4194
88. Li, Q., Guo, Y., Xuan, Y. T., Lowenstein, C. J., Stevenson, S. C., Prabhu, S. D., Wu, W. J., Zhu, Y., Bolli, R. (2003) Gene therapy with inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against myocardial infarction via a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent mechanism. Circ. Res. 92: 741-748
89. Li, L., Feng, Z., Porter, A. G. (2004) JNK-dependent phosphorylation of c-Jun on serine 63 mediates nitric oxide-induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 4058-4065
90. Li, Q., Guo, Y., Tan, W., Stein, A. B., Dawn, B., Wu, W. J., Zhu, X., Lu, X., Xu, X., Siddiqui, T., Tiwari, S., Bolli, R. (2006) Gene therapy with iNOS provides long-term protection against myocardial infarction without adverse functional consequences. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 290: H584-589
91. Li, Q., Guo, Y., Tan, W., Ou, Q., Wu, W. J., Sturza, D., Dawn, B., Hunt, G., Cui, C., Bolli, R. (2007) Cardioprotection afforded by inducible nitric oxide synthase gene therapy is mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 via a nuclear factor-kappaB dependent pathway. Circulation 116: 1577-1584
92. Lieber, A., Steinwaerder, D. S., Carlson, C. A., Kay, M. A. (1999) Integrating adenovirus-adeno-associated virus hybrid vectors devoid of all viral genes. J. Virol. 73: 9314-9324
93. Lincoln, T. M., Cornwell, T. L., Komalavilas, P., Boerth, N. (1996) Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in nitric oxide signaling. Methods Enzymol. 269: 149-166
94. Lundstrom, K. (2003) Latest development in viral vectors for gene therapy. Trends Biotechnol. 21: 117-122
95. Lusky, M., Christ, M., Rittner, K., Dieterle, A., Dreyer, D., Mourot, B., Schultz, H., Stoeckel, F., Pavirani, A., Mehtali, M. (1998) In vitro and in vivo biology of recombinant adenovirus vectors with E1, E1/E2A, or E1/E4 deleted. J. Virol. 72: 2022-2032
96. Majhen, D., Ambriovic-Ristov, A. (2006) Adenoviral vectors - how to use them in cancer gene therapy? Virus Res. 119: 121-133
97. Marber, M. S., Latchman, D. S., Walker, J. M., Yellon, D. M. (1993) Cardiac stress protein elevation 24 hours after brief ischemia or heat stress is associated with resistance to myocardial infarction. Circulation 88: 1264-1272
98. Marples, B., Scott, S. D., Hendry, J. H., Embleton, M. J., Lashford, L. S., Margison, G. P. (2000) Development of synthetic promoters for radiation-mediated gene therapy. Gene Ther. 7: 511-517
99. Marples, B., Greco, O., Joiner, M. C., Scott, S. D. (2002) Molecular approaches to chemo-radiotherapy. Eur. J. Cancer 38: 231-239
100. Marumo, T., Nakaki, T., Hishikawa, K., Suzuki, H., Kato, R., Saruta, T. (1995) Cyclosporin A inhibits nitric oxide synthase induction in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 25: 764-768
101. McCarthy, H. O., Worthington, J., Barrett, E., Cosimo, E., Boyd, M.. Mairs, R. J., Ward, C., McKeown, S. R., Hirst, D. G., Robson, T. (2007a) p21 ((WAF 1))-mediated transcriptional targeting of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene therapy sensitizes tumours to fractionated radiotherapy. Gene Ther. 14: 246-255
102. McCarthy, H. O., Coulter, J. A., Worthington, J., Robson, T., Hirst, D. G. (2007b) Human osteocalcin: a strong promoter for nitric oxide synthase gene therapy, with specificity for hormone refractory prostate cancer. J. Gene Med. 9: 511-520
103. Mellion, B. T., Ignarro, L. J., Myers, C. B., Ohlstein, E. H., Ballot, B. A., Hyman, A. L., Kadowitz, P. J. (1983) Inhibition of human platelet aggregation by S-nitrosothiols. Heme-dependent activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and stimulation of cyclic GMP accumulation. Molec. Pharmacol. 23: 653-664
104. Miller, A. D. (1990) Retrovirus packaging cells. Hum. Gene Ther. 1: 5-14
105. Ming, X. F., Barandier, C., Viswambharan, H., Kwak, B. R., Mach, F., Mazzolai, L., Hayoz, D., Ruffieux, J., Rusconi, S., Montant, J. P., Yang, Z. (2004) Thrombin stimulates human endothelial arginase enzymatic activity via RhoA/ROCK pathway: implications for atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 110: 3708-3714
106. Miyajima, A., Chen, J., Kirman, I., Poppas, D. P., Darracott Vaughan, E. J. R., Felsen, D. (2000) Interaction of nitric oxide and transforming growth factor-beta1 induced by angiotensin II and mechanical stretch in rat renal tubular epithelial cells. J. Urol. 164: 1729-1734
107. Miyajima, A., Chen, J., Poppas, D. P., Vaughan, E. D., Jr, Felsen, D. (2001) Role of nitric oxide in renal tubular apoptosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kidney Int. 59: 1290-1303
108. Mocellin, S., Bronte, V., Nitti, D. (2007) Nitric oxide, a double edged sword in cancer biology: searching for therapeutic opportunities. Med. Res. Rev. 27: 317-352
109. Moorhead, J. W., Clayton, G. H., Smith, R. L., Schaack, J. (1999) A replication-incompetent adenovirus vector with the preterminal protein gene deleted efficiently transduces mouse ears. J. Virol. 73: 1046-1053
110. Morbidelli, L., Chang, C. H., Douglas, J. G., Granger, H. J., Ledda, F., Ziehe, M. (1996) Nitric oxide mediates mitogenic effect of VEGF on coronary venular endothelium. Am. J. Physiol. 270: H411-415
111. Morrissey, J. J., Ishidoya, S., McCracken, R., Klahr, S. (1996) Nitric oxide generation ameliorates the tubulointerstitial fibrosis of obstructive nephropathy. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 7: 2202-2212
112. Mozes, G., Kullo, I. J., Mohacsi, T. G., Cable, D. G., Spector, D. J., Crotty, T. B., Gloviczki, P., Katusic, Z. S., O'Brien, T. (1998) Ex vivo gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase to atherosclerotic rabbit aortic rings improves relaxations to acetylcholine. Atherosclerosis 141: 265-271
113. Muhs, A., Heublein, B., Schletter, J., Herrmann, A., Rudiger, M., Sturm, M., Grust, A., Malms, J., Schrader, J., von der Leyen, H. E. (2003) Preclinical evaluation of inducible nitric oxide synthase lipoplex gene therapy for inhibition of stent-induced vascular neointimal lesion formation. Hum. Gene Ther. 14: 375-383
114. Noiri, E., Peresleni, T., Srivastava, N., Weber, P., Bahou, W. F., Peunova, N., Goligorsky, M. S. (1996) Nitric oxide is necessary for a switch from stationary to locomoting phenotype in epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 270: C794-802
115. Onoue, H., Tsutsui, M., Smith, L., Stelter, A., O'Brien, T., Katusic, Z. S. (1998) Expression and function of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in canine basilar artery after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 29: 1959-1965; discussion 1965-1966
116. Otterbein, L. E., Zuckerbraun, B. S., Haga, M., Liu, F., Song, R., Usheva, A., Stachulak, C., Bodyak, N., Smith, R. N., Csizmadia, E., Tyagi, S., Akamatsu, Y., Flavell, R. J., Billiar, T. R., Tzeng, E., Bach, F. H., Choi, A. M., Soares, M. P. (2003) Carbon monoxide suppresses arteriosclerotic lesions associated with chronic graft rejection and with balloon injury. Nat. Med. 9: 183-190
117. Petrylak, D. P. (2002) Chemotherapy for androgen-independent prostate cancer. Sem. Urol. Oncol. 20 (Suppl 1): 31-35
118. Pfeifer, A., Klatt, P., Massberg, S., Ny, L., Sausbier, M., Himeiss, C., Wang, G. X., Korth, M., Aszodi, A., Andersson, K. E., Krombach, F., Mayerhofer, A., Ruth, P., Fassler, R., Hofmann, F. (1998) Defective smooth muscle regulation in cGMP kinase I-deficient mice. EMBO J. 17: 3045-3051
119. Pfeiffer, T., Wallich, M., Sandmann, W., Schrader, J., Godecke, A. (2006) Lipoplex gene transfer of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibits the reactive intimal hyperplasia after expanded polytetrafluoroethylene bypass grafting. J. Vasc. Surg. 43: 1021-1027
120. Porasuphatana, S., Tsai, P., Rosen, G. M. (2003) The generation of free radicals by nitric oxide synthase. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 134: 281-289
121. Qian, H., Neplioueva, V., Shetty, G. A., Channon, K. M., George, S. E. (1999) Nitric oxide synthase gene therapy rapidly reduces adhesion molecule expression and inflammatory cell infiltration in carotid arteries of cholesterol-fed rabbits. Circulation 99: 2979-2982
122. Radomski, M. W., Palmer, R. M., Moncada, S. (1987) The role of nitric oxide and cGMP in platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 148: 1482-1489
123. Radomski, M. W., Jenkins, D. C., Holmes, L., Moncada, S. (1991) Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells: differential nitric oxide synthesis determines their ability to aggregate platelets. Cancer Res. 51: 6073-6078
124. Raman, K. G., Barbato, J. E., Ifedigbo, E., Ozanich, B. A., Zenati, M. S., Otterbein, L. E., Tzeng, E. (2006) Inhaled carbon monoxide inhibits intimal hyperplasia and provides added benefit with nitric oxide. J. Vasc. Surg. 44: 151-158
125. Relph, K. L., Harrington, K. J., Pandha, H. (2005) Adenoviral strategies for the gene therapy of cancer. Semin. Oncol. 32: 573-582
126. Ricardo, S. D., Ding, G., Eufemio, M., Diamond, J. R. (1997) Antioxidant expression in experimental hydronephrosis: role of mechanical stretch and growth factors. Am. J. Physiol. 272: F789-798
127. Robson, T., Hirst, D. G. (2003) Transcriptional targeting in cancer gene therapy. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2: 110-137
128. Rolling, F., Samulski, R. J. (1995) AAV as a viral vector for human gene therapy. Generation of recombinant virus. Molec. Biotechnol. 3: 9-15
129. Rosen, R. C., Kostis, J. B. (2003) Overview of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition in erectile dysfunction. Am. J. Cardiol. 92: 9M-18M
130. Ross, R. (1990) Mechanisms of atherosclerosis - a review. Adv. Nephrol. 19: 79-86
131. Roth, J. A., Nguyen, D., Lawrence, D. D., Kemp, B. L., Carrasco, C. H., Ferson, D. Z., Hong, W. K., Komaki, R., Lee, J. J., Nesbitt, J. C., Pisters, K. M., Putnam, J. B., Schea, R., Shin, D. M., Walsh, G. L., Dolormente, M. M., Han, C. I., Martin, F. D., Yen, N., Xu, K., Stephens, L. C., Mcdonnell, T. J., Mukhopadhyay, T., Cai, D. (1996) Retrovirus-mediated wild-type p53 gene transfer to tumors of patients with lung cancer. Nat. Med. 2: 985-991
132. Royle, J. S., Ross, J. A., Ansell, I., Bollina, P., Tulloch, D. N., Habib, F. K. (2004) Nitric oxide donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell systems and human prostatic stroma via caspase-3. J. Urol. 172: 338-344
133. Salvemini, D., Misko, T. P., Masferrer, J. L., Seibert, K., Currie, M. G., Needleman, P. (1993) Nitric oxide activates cyclooxygenase enzymes. Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90: 7240-7244
134. Samulski, R. J. (1993) Adeno-associated virus: integration at a specific chromosomal locus. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 3: 74-80
135. Sato, J., Mohacsi, T., Noel, A., Jost, C., Gloviczki, P., Mozes, G., Katusic, Z. S., O'Brien, T., Mayhan, W. G. (2000a) In vivo gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase to carotid arteries from hypercholesterolemic rabbits enhances endothelium-dependent relaxations. Stroke 31: 968-975
136. Sato, J., Nair, K., Hiddinga, J., Eberhardt, N. L., Fitzpatrick, L. A., Katusic, Z. S., O'Brien, T. (2000b) eNOS gene transfer to vascular smooth muscle cells inhibits cell proliferation via upregulation of p27 and p21 and not apoptosis. Cardiovasc. Res. 47: 697-706
137. Saudemont, A., Buffenoir, G., Denys, A., Desreumaux, P., Jouy, N., Hetuin, D., Bauters, F., Fenaux, P., Quesnel, B. (2002) Gene transfer of CD154 and IL12 cDNA induces an anti-leukemic immunity in a murine model of acute leukemia. Leukemia 16: 1637-1644
138. Sauzeau, V., Le Jeune, H., Cario-Toumaniantz, C., Smolenski, A., Lohmann, S. M., Bertoglio, J., Chardin, P., Pacaud, P., Loirand, G. (2000) Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway inhibits RhoA-induced Ca2+ sensitization of contraction in vascular smooth muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 21722-21729
139. Schaffer, M. R., Tantry, U., Gross, S. S., Wasserburg, H. L., Barbul, A. (1996) Nitric oxide regulates wound healing. J. Surg. Res. 63: 237-240
140. Sedlak, T. W., Snyder, S. H. (2006) Messenger molecules and cell death: therapeutic implications. JAMA 295: 81-89
141. Shears, L. L., Kawaharada, N., Tzeng, E., Billiar, T. R., Watkins, S. C., Kovesdi, I., Lizonova, A., Pham, S. M. (1997) Inducible nitric oxide synthase suppresses the development of allograft arteriosclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. 100: 2035-2042
142. Shears, L. L., 2nd, Kibbe, M. R., Murdock, A. D., Billiar, T. R., Lizonova, A., Kovesdi, I., Watkins, S. C., Tzeng, E. (1998) Efficient inhibition of intimal hyperplasia by adenovirus-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase gene transfer to rats and pigs in vivo. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 187: 295-306
143. Shi, H. P., Efron, D. T., Most, D., Tantry, U. S., Barbul, A. (2000) Supplemental dietary arginine enhances wound healing in normal but not inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. Surgery 128: 374-378
144. Shi, H. P., Most, D., Efron, D. T., Witte, M. B., Barbul, A. (2003) Supplemental L-arginine enhances wound healing in diabetic rats. Wound Repair Regen. 11: 198-203
145. Solly, S. K., Trajcevski, S., Frisen, C., Holzer, G. W., Nelson, E., Clerc, B., Abordo-Adesida, E., Castro, M., Lowenstein, P., Klatzmann, D. (2003) Replicative retroviral vectors for cancer gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther. 10: 30-39
146. Somlyo, A. P., Somlyo, A. V. (1994) Signal transduction and regulation in smooth muscle. Nature 372: 231-236
147. Stanley, K. P., Chicoine, L. G., Young, T. L., Reber, K. M., Lyons, C. R., Liu, Y., Nelin, L. D. (2006) Gene transfer with inducible nitric oxide synthase decreases production of urea by arginase in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 290: L298-306
148. Tait, D. L., Obermiller, P. S., Redlin-Frazier, S., Jensen, R. A., Welcsh, P., Dann, J., King, M. C., Johnson, D. H., Holt, J. T. (1997) A phase I trial of retroviral BRCA1sv gene therapy in ovarian cancer. Clin. Cancer Res 3: 1959-1968
149. Tatum, J. L., Kelloff, G. J., Gillies, R. J., Arbeit, J. M., Brown, J. M., Chao, K. S., Chapman, J. D., Eckelman, W. C., Fyles, A. W., Giaccia, A. J., Hill, R. P., Koch, C. J., Krishna, M. C., Krohn, K. A., Lewis, J. S., Mason, R. P., Melillo, G., Padhani, A. R., Powis, G., Rajendran, J. G., Reba, R., Robinson, S. P., Semenza, G. L., Swartz, H. M., Vaupel, P., Yang, D., Croft, B., Hoffman, J., Liu, G., Stone, H., Sullivan, D. (2006) Hypoxia: importance in tumor biology, noninvasive measurement by imaging, and value of its measurement in the management of cancer therapy. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 82: 699-757
150. Thet, L. A., Parra, S. C., Shelburne, J. D. (1984) Repair of oxygen-induced lung injury in adult rats. The role of ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 129: 174-181
151. Thornton, F. J., Schaffer, M. R., Witte, M. B., Moldawer, L. L., MacKay, S. L., Abouhamze, A., Tannahill, C. L., Barbul, A. (1998) Enhanced collagen accumulation following direct transfection of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in cutaneous wounds. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 246: 654-659
152. Tu, S. P., Cui, J. T., Liston, P., Huajiang, X., Xu, R., Lin, M. C., Zhu,
153. Tzeng, E., Shears, L. L., 2nd, Robbins, P. D., Pitt, B. R., Geller, D. A., Watkins, S. C., Simmons, R. L., Billiar, T. R. (1996) Vascular gene transfer of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase: characterization of activity and effects on myointimal hyperplasia. Mol. Med. 2: 211-225
154. Vanhoutte, P. M., Scott-Burden, T. (1994) The endothelium in health and disease. Tex. Heart Inst. J. 21: 62-67
155. Vasquez-Vivar, J., Kalyanaraman, B., Martasek, P. (2003) The role of tetrahydrobiopterin in superoxide generation from eNOS: enzymology and physiological implications. Free Radic. Res. 37: 121-127
156. Ventura, H. O., Smart, F. W., Stapleton, D. D., Toups, T., Price, H. L. (1993) Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: current concepts. J. LA State Med. Soc. 145: 195-198, 200-202
157. Walpoth, B. H., Pavlicek, M., Celik, B., Nicolaus, B., Schaffner, T., Althaus, U., Hess, O. M., Carrel, T., Morris, R. E. (2001) Prevention of neointimal proliferation by immunosuppression in synthetic vascular grafts. Eur. J. Cardiothorac Surg. 19: 487-492
158. Wang, D., Wei, J., Hsu, K., Jau, J., Lieu, M. W., Chao, T. J., Chen, H. I. (1999) Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on systemic hypotension, cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and lung injury following endotoxin administration in rats. J. Biomed. Sci. 6: 28-35
159. Wang, Y., Ding, H., Xiao, G. F. (2004) Research advances on tumor therapy via nitric oxide. Chin. J. Cancer 23: 476-479
160. Wilcox, J. N., Subramanian, R. R., Sundell, C. L., Tracey, W. R., Pollock, J. S., Harrison, D. G., Marsden, P. A. (1997) Expression of multiple isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in normal and atherosclerotic vessels. Arterioscler. Thromh. Vasc. Biol. 17: 2479-2488
161. Wolff, J. A., Malone, R. W., Williams, P., Chong, W., Acsadi, G., Jani, A., Feigner, P. L. (1990) Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo. Science. 247: 1465-1468
162. Worthington, J., Robson, T., Murray, M., O'Rourke, M., Keilty, G., Hirst, D. G. (2000) Modification of vascular tone using iNOS under the control of a radiation-inducible promoter. Gene Ther. 7: 1126-1131
163. Worthington, J., Robson, T., O'Keeffe, M., Hirst, D. G. (2002) Tumour cell radiosensitization using constitutive (CMV) and radiation inducible (WAF1) promoters to drive the iNOS gene: a novel suicide gene therapy. Gene Ther. 9: 263-269
164. Worthington, J., McCarthy, H. O., Barrett, E., Adams, C., Robson, T., Hirst, D. G. (2004) Use of the radiation-inducible WAF1 promoter to drive iNOS gene therapy as a novel anti-cancer treatment. J. Gene Med. 6: 673-680
165. Worthington, J., Robson, T., Scott, S., Hirst, D. (2005) Evaluation of a synthetic CArG promoter for nitric oxide synthase gene therapy of cancer. Gene Ther. 12: 1417-1423
166. Wouters, B. G., Denko, N. C., Giaccia, A. J., Brown, J. M. (1999) A p53 and apoptotic independent role for p21waf1 in tumour response to radiation therapy. Oncogene 18: 6540-6545
167. Xia, Y., Zweier, J. L. (1997) Direct measurement of nitric oxide generation from nitric oxide synthase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94: 12705-12710
168. Xie, K., Fidler, I. J. (1998) Therapy of cancer metastasis by activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase. Cancer Metast. Rev. 17: 55-75
169. Xie, K., Huang, S. (2003) Contribution of nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis to cancer metastasis inefficiency. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 34: 969-986
170. Xie, K., Huang, S., Dong, Z., Juang, S. H., Gutman, M., Xie, Q. W., Nathan, C. And Fidler, I. J., (1995) Transfection with the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene suppresses tumorigenicity and abrogates metastasis by K-1735 murine melanoma cells. J. Exp. Med. 181: 1333-1343
171. Xu, W., Liu, L., Charles, I. G. (2002a) Microencapsulated iNOS-expressing cells cause tumor suppression in mice. FASEB J. 16: 213-215
172. Xu, W., Liu, L. Z., Loizidou, M., Ahmed, M., Charles, I. G. (2002b) The role of nitric oxide in cancer. Cell Res. 12: 311-320
173. Xu, W., Kaneko, F. T., Zheng, S., Comhair, S. A., Janocha, A. J., Goggans, T., Thunnissen, F. B., Farver, C., Hazen, S. L., Jennings, C., Dweik, R. A., Arroliga, A. C., Erzurum, S. C. (2004) Increased arginase II and decreased NO synthesis in endothelial cells of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. FASEB J. 18: 1746-1748
174. Yamasaki, K., Edington, H. D., McClosky, C., Tzeng, E., Lizonova, A., Kovesdi, I., Steed, D. L., Billiar, T. R. (1998) Reversal of impaired wound repair in iNOS-deficient mice by topical adenoviral-mediated iNOS gene transfer. J. Clin. Invest. 101: 967-971
175. Zanetti, M., Sato, J., Katusic, Z. S., O'Brien, T. (2000) Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase alters endothelium-dependent relaxations in aortas from diabetic rabbits. Diabetologia 43: 340-347
176. Zanetti, M., d'Uscio, L. V., Kovesdi, I., Katusic, Z. S., O'Brien, T. (2003) In vivo gene transfer of inducible nitric oxide synthase to carotid arteries from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Stroke 34: 1293-1298
177. Zhang, J. H., Wan, M. X., Pan, B. R., Yu, B. (2006) Cytotoxicity of HSVtk and hrTNF-alpha fusion genes with IRES in treatment of gastric cancer. Cancer Lett. 235: 191-201
178. Ziche, M., Morbidelli, L., Masini, E., Amerini, S., Granger, H. J., Maggi, C. A., Geppetti, P., Ledda, F. (1994) Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis in vivo and endothelial cell growth and migration in vitro promoted by substance P. J. Clin. Invest. 94: 2036-2044
179. Zou, H., Li, Y., Liu, X., Wang, X. (1999) An APAF-1. cytochrome c multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activates procaspase-9. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 11549-11556