Gene Therapy and Vascular Disease

Advances in Pharmacology

Volumn 46, Issue C, 1999, Pages 85-150

  Kibbe, Melina ^a   Billiar, Timothy ^a   Tzeng, Edith ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; LIPOSOME; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE;

ADENO ASSOCIATED VIRUS; ADENOVIRUS; CELL CYCLE; GENE THERAPY; GENE TRANSFER; GENE VECTOR; GENETICS; HUMAN; INDWELLING CATHETER; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RETROVIRUS; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VASCULAR DISEASE; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE;

ADENOVIRIDAE; CATHETERS, INDWELLING; CELL CYCLE; DEPENDOVIRUS; GENE THERAPY; GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES; GENETIC VECTORS; HUMANS; LIPOSOMES; MUSCLE, SMOOTH, VASCULAR; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES, ANTISENSE; RETROVIRIDAE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VASCULAR DISEASES;

EID: 0032611528     PISSN: 10543589     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1054-3589(08)60470-6     Document Type: Chapter

References (230)

1. Abe J., Zhou W., Taguchi J., Takuwa N., Miki K., Okazaki H., Kurokawa K., Kumada M., and Takuwa Y. Suppression of neointimal smooth muscle cell accumulation in vivo by antisense cdc2 and cdk2 oligonucleotides in rat carotid artery. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 198 1 (1994) 16-24
2. Arnold T.E., Gnatenko D., and Bahou W.F. In vivo gene transfer into rat arterial walls with novel adeno-associated virus vectors. J. Vase. Surg. 25 (1997) 347-355
3. Asahara T., Bauters C., Pastore C., Kearney M., Rossow S., Bunting S., Ferrara N., Symes J.F., and Isner J.M. Molecular and cellular cardiology: Local delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor accelerates reendothelialization and attenuates intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid artery. Circulation 91 11 (1995) 2793-2801
4. Asahara T., Chen D., Tsurumi Y., Kearney M., Rossow S., Passeri J., Symes J., and Isner J. Molecular and cellular cardiology/gene transfer: Accelerated restitution of endothelial integrity and endothelium-dependent function after ph VEGF sub 165 gene transfer. Circulation 94 12 (1996) 3291-3302
5. Autieri M.V., Yue T., Ferstein G.Z., and Ohlstein E. Antisense oligonucleotides to the p65 subunit of NF-kB inhibit human vascular smooth muscle cell adherence and proliferation and prevent neointima formation in rat carotid arteries. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 213 3 (1995) 827-836
6. Azrin M.A., Mitchel J.F., Bow L.M., Pedersen C.A., Cartun R.W., Aretz T.H., Waters D.D., and McKay R.G. Local delivery of c-myb antisense oligonucleotides during balloon angioplasty. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 41 3 (1997) 232-240
7. Babiss L.E., and Ginsberg H.S. Adenovirus type 5 early region 1b gene product is required for efficient shutoff of host protein synthesis. J. Virol. 50 (1984) 202-212
8. Babiss L.E., Ginsber H.S., and Darnell Jr. J.E. Adenovirus E1B proteins are required for accumulation of late viral mRNA and for effects on cellular mRNA translation and transport. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5 (1985) 2552-2558
9. Bachmann P.A., Hoggan M.C., Kurstak E., Melnick J.L., Pereira H.G., Tattersall P., and Vago C. Parvoviridae: Second report: Intervirology 11 (1979) 248-254
10. Baffour J.R., Berman J., Garb J.L., Rhee S.W., Kaufman J., and Friedmann P. Enhanced angiogenesis and growth of collaterals by in vivo administration of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor in a rabbit model of acute lower limb ischemia: Doseresponse effect of basic fibroblast growth factor. J. Vasc. Surg. 16 (1992) 181-191
11. Baltimore D. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumor viruses. Nature 226 (1970) 1209-1211
12. Beatt K.J., Serruys P.W., and Hugenholtz P.G. Restenosis after coronary angioplasty: New standards for clinical studies. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 15 (1990) 491-498
13. Bennett M.R., and Schwartz S.M. Antisense therapy for angioplasty restenosis: Some critical considerations. Circulation 92 7 (1995) 1981-1993
14. Bennett M.R., Anglin S., McEwan J.R., Jagoe R., Newby A.C., and Evan G.I. Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo by c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. J. Clin. Invest. 93 (1994) 820-828
15. Berkner K.L. Expression of hererologous sequences in adenoviral vectors. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 158 (1992) 38-66
16. Berns K.I. Parvoviridae and their replication. In: Fields B.N., and Knipe D.M. (Eds). "Virology". 2nd ed. 2 (1990), Raven, New York 1743-1763
17. Berns K.I., and Giraud C. Biology of adeno-associated virus. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 218 (1996) 1-23
18. Bishop J.M. The molecular genetics of cancer. Science 235 (1987) 305-311
19. Blaese R.M., Culver K.W., Miller A.D., Carter C.S., Fleisher T., Clerici M., Shearer G., Chang L., Chiang Y., Tolstoshev P., Greenblatt J.J., Rosenberg S.A., Klein H., Berger M., Mullen C.A., Ramsey J.W., Muul L., Morgan R.A., and Anderson W.F. T lymphocyte-directed gene therapy for ADA SCID: Initial trial results after 4 years. Science 270 (1995) 475-480
20. Bradley T.R., Roosa R.A., and Law L. DNA transformation studies with mammalian cells in culture. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 60 (1962) 127-138
21. Brauner R., Wu L., Laks H., Nonoyama M., Scholl F., Shvarts O., Berk A., Drinkwater D.C., and Wang J.L. Intracoronary gene transfer of immunosuppressive cytokines to cardiac allografts: Method and efficacy of adenovirus-mediated transduction. J. Thor. Cardiovasc. Surg. 113 6 (1997) 1059-1066
22. Brough D.E., Lizonova A., Hsu C., Kulesa V.A., and Kovesdi I. A gene transfer vector-cell line system for complete functional complementation of adenovirus early regions E1 and E4. J. Virol. 70 9 (1996) 6497-6501
23. Burgert H.G., Maryanski J.L., and Kvist S. "E3/19K" protein of adenovirus type 2 inhibits lysis of cytolytic T lymphocytes by blocking cell-surface expression of histocompatibility class I antigens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84 (1987) 1356-1360
24. Burgess T.L., Fisher E.F., Ross S.L., Bready J.V., Qian Y.X., Bayewitch L.A., Cohen A.M., Herrera C.J., Hu S.S., Kramer T.B., et al. The antiproliferative activity of c-myb and c-myc antisense oligonucleotides in smooth muscle cells is caused by a nonantisense mechanism. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92 9 (1995) 4051-4055
25. Camenzind E., Kint P.P., Di Mario C., et al. Intracoronary heparin delivery in humans: Acute feasibility and long-term results. Circulation 92 (1995) 2463-2472
26. Carmeliet P., Moons L., Dewerchin M., Mackman N., Luther T., Breier G., Ploplis V., Muller M., Nagy A., Plow E., Gerard R., Edgington T., Risau W., and Collen D. Insights in vessel development and vascular disorders using targeted inactivation and transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor, the tissue factor, and the plasminogen system. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 811 (1997) 191-206
27. Chaikof E.L., Caban R., Yan C.N., Rao G.N., and Runge M.S. Growth-related responses in arterial smooth muscle cells are arrested by thrombin receptor antisense sequences. J. Biol. Chem. 270 13 (1995) 7431-7436
28. Chang M.W., Ohno T., Gordon D., Lu M.M., Nabel G.J., Nabel E.G., and Leiden J.M. Adenovirus-mediated transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation following balloon angioplasty of the rat carotid artery. Mol. Med. 1 2 (1995) 172-181
29. Chang M.W., Barr E., Seltzer J., Jiang Y.-Q., Nabel G.J., Nabel E.G., Parmacek M.S., and Leiden J.M. Cytostatic gene therapy for vascular proliferative disorders with a constitutively active form of the retinoblastoma gene product. Science 267 (1995) 518-522
30. Chang M.W., Barr W., Lu M.M., Barton K., and Leiden J.M. Adenovirus-mediated over-expression of the cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation in the rat carotid artery model of balloon angioplasty. J. Clin. Invest. 96 (1995) 2260-2268
31. Channon K.M., and George S.E. Improved adenoviral vectors: Cautious optimism for gene therapy. Quart. J. Med. 90 2 (1997) 105-109
32. Channon K.M., Blazing M.A., Shetty G.A., Pots K.E., and George S.E. Adenoviral gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase: High level expression in human vascular cells. Cardiovasc. Res. 32 (1996) 962-972
33. Chen A.F., O'Brein T., and Katusic Z.S. Transfer and expression of recombinant nitric oxide synthase genes in the cardiovascular system. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 19 (1998) 276-286
34. kipl , an inhibitor of neointima formation in the rat carotid artery. J. Clin. Invest. 99 10 (1997) 2334-2341
35. Chen L., Daum G., Forough R., Clowes M., Walter U., and Clowes A. Overexpression of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rat vascular smooth muscle cells in balloon-injured carotid artery. Circ. Res. 82 (1998) 862-870
36. Cheung A., Hoggan M.D., Hauswirth W.W., and Berns K.I. Integration of the adeno-associated virus genome into lateltly infected Detroit 6 cells. J. Virol. 33 (1980) 739-748
37. Cioffi C.L., Garay M., Johnston J.F., McGraw K., Boggs R.T., Hreniuk D., and Monia B.P. Selective inhibition of A-raf and C-raf mRNA expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: Role of A-raf and C-raf in serum-induced proliferation. Mol. Pharmacol. 51 (1997) 383-389
38. Cook J.L., May D.L., Lewis A.M., and Walker T.A. Adenovirus E1A gene induction of susceptibility to lysis by natural killer cells and activated macrophages in infected rodent cells. J. Virol. 61 (1987) 3510-3520
39. Crooke S.T. Advances in understanding the pharmacological properties of antisense oligonucleotides. Adv. Pharmacol. 40 (1997) 1-49
40. Delafontaine P., Meng X.P., Ku L., and Du J. Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell insulin-like growth factor I receptors by phosphorothioate oligonucleotides: Effects on cell growth and evidence that sense targeting at the ATG site increases receptor expression. J. Biol. Chem. 270 24 (1995) 14383-14388
41. Dalesandro J., Akimoto H., Gorman C.M., McDonald T.O., Thomas R., Liggitt H.D., and Allen M.D. Gene therapy for donor hearts: Ex vivo liposome-mediated transfection. J. Thor. Cardiovas. Surg. 111 2 (1996) 416-421
42. Dong J., Fan P., and Frizzell R.A. Quantitative analysis of the packaging capacity of recombinant adeon-associated virus. Hum. Gene Ther. 7 (1996) 2101-2112
43. Donis-Keller H. Site-specific cleavage of RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 7 (1979) 179-192
44. Duerksen-Hughes P., Wold W.S.M., and Gooding L.R. Adenovirus E1A renders infected cells sensitive to cytolysis by tumor necrosis factor. J. Immunol. 143 (1989) 4193-4200
45. Engelhardt J.F., Ye X., Doranz B., and Wilson J.M. Ablation of E2A in recombinant adenoviruses improves transgene persistence and decreases inflammatory response in mouse liver. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 6196-6200
46. Feldman L.J., and Steg G. Optimal techniques for arterial gene transfer. Cardiovasc. Res. 35 (1997) 391-404
47. Feldman L.J., Pastore C.J., Aubailly N., Kearney M., Chen D., Perricaudet M., Steg P.G., and Isner J.M. Improved efficiency of arterial gene transfer by use of poloxamer 407 as a vehicle for adenoviral vectors. Gene Ther. 4 3 (1997) 189-198
48. Fernandez-Ortiz A., Meyer B.J., Mailhac A., Falk E., Badimon L., Fallon J.T., Fuster V., Chesebro J.H., and Badimon J.J. A new approach for local intravascular drug delivery: Iontophoretic balloon. Circulation 89 4 (1994) 1518-1522
49. Fingerle J., Johnson R., Clowes A.W., et al. Role of platelets in smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration after vascular injury in rat carotid artery. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 (1989) 8412-8416
50. Flotte T.R., Carter B., Contrad C.K., et al. Clinical protocol: A phase I study of adeno-associated virus-CFTR gene vector in adult CF patients with mild lung disease. Hum. Gene Ther. 7 (1996) 1145-1159
51. Flugelman M.Y. Inhibition of intravascular thrombosis and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by gene therapy. Thromb. Haemost. 74 1 (1995) 406-410
52. Flugelman M.Y., Jaklitsch M.T., Newman K.D., Casscells W., Bratthauer G.L., and Dichek D.A. Low level in vivo gene transfer into the arterial wall through a perforated balloon catheter. Circulation 3 (1992) 1110-1117
53. Fouillard L. Physical method for gene transfer: An alternative to viruses. Hematol. Cell. Ther. 38 (1996) 214-216
54. Friedmann T. A brief history of gene therapy. Nat. Genet. 2 (1992) 93-98
55. Fynan E.F., Webster R.G., Fuller D.H., Haynes J.R., Santoro J.C., and Robinson H.L. DNA vaccines: Protective immunizations by parenteral, mucosal, and genegun inoculations. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90 24 (1993) 11478-11482
56. Goggan M.D. Adeno-associated viruses. Progr. Med. Virol. 12 (1970) 211-239
57. Gorski D.H., LePage D.F., Patel C.V., et al. Molecular cloning of a diverged homeobox gene that is rapidly down-regulated during the G0/G1 transition in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 13 (1993) 3722-3733
58. Graham F.L., Smiley J., Russell W.C., and Nairn R. Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human adenovirus type 5. J. Gen. Virol. 36 1 (1977) 59-74
59. Grubb B.R., Pickles R.J., Ye H., et al. Inefficient gene transfer by adeonvirus vector to cystic fibrosis airway epithelia of mice and humans. Nature 371 (1994) 802-806
60. Gunn J., Holt C.M., Francis S.E., Shepherd L., Grohmann M., Newman C.M.H., Crossman D.C., and Cumberland D.C. The effect of oligonucleotides to c-myb on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation after porcine coronary angioplasty. Circ. Res. 80 4 (1997) 520-531
61. Guo Z., Chong A.S., Jandeska S., Sun W.H., Tian Y., Podlasek W., Shen J., Mital D., Jensik S., and Williams J.W. Gene gun-mediated gene transfer and expression in rat islets. Transpl. Proc. 29 4 (1997) 2209-2210
62. Guzman R.J., Hirschowitz E.A., Brody S.L., Crystal G.R., Epstein S.E., and Finkel T. vivo suppression of injury-induced vascular smooth muscle cell accumulation using adenovirus-mediated transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 10732-10736
63. Hamon M., Bauters C., McFadden E.P., Wernert N., Lablanche J.M., Dupuis B., and Bertrand M.E. Restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Eur. Heart J. 16 Suppl 1 (1995) 33-48
64. Hanna A.K., Fox J.C., Neschis D.G., Safford S.D., Swain J.L., and Golden M.A. Antisense basic fibroblast growth factor gene transfer reduces neointimal thickening after arterial injury. J. Vasc. Surg. 25 (1997) 320-325
65. Hansson G.K., Hellstrand M., Rymo L., Rubbia L., and Gabbiani G. Interferongamma inhibits both proliferation and expression of differentiation-specific alpha-smooth muscle actin in arterial smooth muscle cells. J. Exp. Med. 170 (1989) 1595-1608
66. Hansson G.K., Jonasson L., Holm J., Clowes M.M., and Clowes A.W. Gamma-Interferon regulates vascular smooth muscle proliferation and Ia expression in vivo and in vitro. Circ. Res. 63 (1988) 712-719
67. Hanvey J.C., Peffer N.J., Bisi J.E., et al. Antisense and antigene properties of peptide nucleic acids. Science 258 (1992) 1481
68. Harada K., Grossman W., Friedman M., Edelman E.R., Prasad P.V., Keighley C.S., Manning W.J., Sellke R.W., and Simons M. Basic fibroblast growth factor improves myocardial function in chronically ischemic porcine hearts. J. Clin. Invest. 94 (1994) 623-630
69. Harrell R.L., Rajanayagam S., Doanes A.M., Guzman R.J., Hirschowitz E.A., Crystal R.G., Epstein S.E., and Finkel T. Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal accumulation by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of cytosine deaminase. Circulation 96 (1997) 621-627
70. Hejna J.A., Johnstone P.L., Kohler S.L., Bruun D.A., Reifsteck C.A., Olson S.B., and Moses R.E. Functional complementation by electroporation of human BACs into mammalian fibroblast cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 26 4 (1998) 1124-1125
71. Hierholzer J.C., Wingand R., Anderson L.J., Adrian T., and Gold J.W.M. Adenoviruses from patients with AIDS: A plethora of serotypes and a description of five new serotypes of subgenus D (types 43-47). J. Infect. Dis. 158 (1988) 804-813
72. Hitt M.M., Addison C.L., and Graham F.L. Human adenovirus vectors for gene transfer into mammalian cells. Adv. Pharmacol. 40 (1997) 137-206
73. Hoggan M.D., Thomas G.F., Thomas F.B., and Johnson T.B. Continuous carriage of adenovirus associated virus genome in cell culture in the absence of helper adenovirus (1972), North-Holland, Amsterdam In "Proceedings of the Fourth Lepetit Colloquium, Cocoyac, Mexico," pp. 243-249
74. Holmes D.R., Camrud A.R., Jorgenson M.A., Edwards W.D., and Schwartz R.S. Polymeric stenting in the porcine coronary artery model: Differential outcome of exogenous fibrin sleeves versus polyurethane-coated stents. J. Am. Coll. Card. 24 2 (1994) 525-531
75. Hong M.K., Wong S.C., Farb A., et al. Feasibility and drug delivery efficiency of a new balloon angioplasty catheter capable of performing simultaneous local drug delivery. Cor. Art. Dis. 4 (1993) 1023-1027
76. Hong S.S., Karayan L., Tournier J., Curiel D.T., and Boulanger P.A. Adeonvirus type 5 fiber knob binds to MHC class I a2 domain at the surface of human epithelial and B lymphoblastoid cells. EMBO J. 16 (1997) 2294-2306
77. Hopkins N. High titers of retrovirus (vesicular stomatitis virus) pseudotypes, at last. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993) 8759-8760
78. Ilan Y., Prakash R., Davidson A., Jona V., Droguett G., Horwitz M.S., Chowdhury N.R., and Chowdhury J.R. Oral tolerization to adenoviral antigens permits long-term gene expression using recombinant adenoviral vectors. J. Clin. Invest. 99 (1997) 1098-1106
79. Indolfi C., Avvedimento E.V., Rapacciuolo A., et al. Inhibition of cellular ras prevents smooth muscle cell proliferation after vascular injury in vivo. Nature Med. 1 (1995) 541-545
80. Isner J.M. Angiogenesis for revascularization of ischaemic tissues. Eur. Heart J. 18 (1997) 1-2
81. Isner J.M., Peiczek A., Schainfeld R., Blair R., Haley L., Asahara T., Rosenfield K., Razvi S., Walsh K., and Symes J.F. Clinical evidence of angiogenesis after arterial gene transfer of ph VEGF sub 165 in patient with ischaemic limb. Lancet 348 9024 (1996) 370-374
82. Isner J.M., Walsh K., Rosenfield K., Schainfeld R., Asahara T., Hogan K., and Pieczek A. Arterial gene therapy for restenosis. Hum. Gene Ther. 7 (1996) 989-1011
83. Janssens S., Flaherty D., Nong Z., Varenne O., Pelt N.V., Haustermans C., Zoldhelyi P., Gerard R., and Collen D. Human endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene transfer inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation after balloon injury in rats. Circulation 97 (1998) 1274-1281
84. Jolly D. Viral vector systems for gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther. 1 (1994) 51-64
85. Kaneda Y., Iwai K., and Uchida T. Increased expression of DNA cointroduced with nuclear protein in adult rat liver. Science 243 (1989) 375-378
86. Kantoff P.W., Kohn D.B., Mitsuya H., et al. Correction of adenosine deaminase deficiency in cultured human T and B cells by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83 (1986) 6563-6567
87. Kay E.R.M. Incorporation of deoxyribonucleic acid by mammalian cells in vitro. Nature 191 (1961) 387-388
88. Kerber S., Rahmel A., Heinemann-Vachtel O., Budde T., Deng M., Scheld H.H., and Breithardt G. Angiographic, intravascular ultrasound and functional findings early after orthotopic heart transplantation. Int. J. Cardiol. 49 (1995) 119-129
89. Kim S., Lin H., Barr W., Chu L., Leiden J.M., and Parmacek M.S. Transcriptional targeting of replication-defective adenovirus transgene expression to smooth muscle cells in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 100 (1997) 1006-1014
90. Kolls J.K., Lei D., Odom G., Nelson S., Summer W.R., Gerber M.A., and Shellito J.E. Use of transient CD4 lymphocyte depletion to prolong transgene expression of E1-deleted adenoviral vectors. Hum. Gene Ther. 7 4 (1996) 489-497
91. Kotin R.M. Prospects for the use of adeon-associated virus as a vector for human gene therapy. Hum. Gene Ther. 5 (1994) 793-801
92. Kullo I.J., Schwartz R.S., Pompili V.J., Tsutsui M., Milstien S., Fitzpatrick L.A., Katusic Z.S., and O'rien T. Expression and function of recombinant endothelial NO synthase in coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17 (1997) 2405-2412
93. Laitinen M., Zachary I., Breier G., Pakkanen T., Hakkinen T., Luoma J., Abedi H., Risau W., Soma M., Laakso M., Martin J.F., and Yla-Herttuala S. VEGF gene transfer reduces intimal thickening via increased production of nitric oxide in carotid arteries. Hum. Gene Ther. 8 (1997) 1737-1744
94. Lambert C.R., Leone J.E., and Rowlands S.M. Local drug delivery catheters: Functional comparison of porous and microporous designs. Cor. Art. Dis. 4 (1993) 469-475
95. Lambert T.L., Dev V., Rechavia E., Forrester J.S., Litvack F., and Eigler N.L. Angioplasty/atherectomy/stents: Localized arterial wall drug delivery from a polymer-coated remofavle metallic stent: Kinetics, distribution, and bioactivity of fotskolin. Circulation 90 2 (1994) 1003-1011
96. Leclerc G., Gal D., Takeshita S., Nikol S., Weir L., and Isner J.M. Efficiency in normal and balloon-dilated atherosclerotic arteries. J. Clin. Invest. 90 (1992) 936-944
97. Lee M.G., Abina M.A., Haddada H., and Perricaudet M. The constitutive expression of the immunomodulatory gp19k protein in E1-, E3-adenoviral vectors strongly reduces the host cytotoxic T cell response against the vector. Gene Ther. 2 4 (1995) 256-262
98. Li H., Chan S.T., and Tang F. Transfection of rat brain cells by electroporation. J. Neurosci. Methods 75 1 (1997) 29-32
99. Liau G., and Chan L.M. Regulation of extracellular matrix RNA levels in cultured smooth muscle cells: Relationship to cellular quiescence. J. Biol. Chem. 264 17 (1989) 10315-10320
100. Libby P., and Tanaka H. The molecular bases of restenosis. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 40 2 (1997) 97-106
101. Lincoff A.M., Topol E.J., and Ellis S.G. Local drug delivery for the prevention of restenosis: Fact, fancy, and future. Circulation 90 (1994) 2070-2084
102. Lincoff A.M., Furst J.G., Ellis S.G., Tuch R.J., and Topol E.J. Sustained local delivery of dexamethasone by a novel intravascular eluting stent to prevent restenosis in the porcine coronary injury model. J. Am. Coll. Card. 29 4 (1997) 808-816
103. Linder V., Lappi D.A., Baird A., et al. Role of basic fibroblast growth factor in vascular lesion formation. Circ. Res. 68 (1991) 106-113
104. Linder V., Majack R.A., and Reidy M.A. Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates endothelial regrowth and proliferation in denuded arteries. J. Clin. Invest. 85 (1990) 2004-2008
105. Linial M.L., and Miller A.D. Retroviral RNA packaging: Sequence requirements and implications. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 157 (1990) 125-152
106. Livingston J.B., Lu S., Robinson H.L., and Anderson D.J. The induction of mucosal immunity in the female genital tract using gene-gun technology. Part 1. Antigen expression. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 772 (1995) 265-267
107. Lochmuller H., Petrof B.J., Pari G., Larochelle N., Dodelet V., Wang Q., Allen C., Prescott S., Massie B., Nalbantoglu J., and Karpati G. Transient immunosuppression by FK506 permits a sustained high-level dystrophin expression after adenovirus-mediated dystrophin minigene transfer to skeletal muscles of adult dystrophic (mdx) mice. Gene Ther. 3 8 (1996) 706-716
108. Loke S., Stein C., Zhang X., Morei K., Nakanishi M., Subashinge C., Cohen J., and Neckers L. Characterization of oligonucleotide transport into living cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 (1989) 3474-3478
109. Lynch C.M., Hara P.S., Leonard J.C., Williams J.K., Dean R.H., and Geary R.L. Adeno-associated virus vectors for vascular gene delivery. Circ. Res. 80 4 (1997) 497-505
110. Maeda Y., Ikeda U., Ogasawara Y., Urabe M., Takizawa T., Saito T., Colosi P., Durtzman G., Shimada K., and Ozawa K. Gene transfer into vascular cells using adenoassociated virus (AAV) vectors. Cardiovasc. Res. 35 (1997) 514-521
111. Maillard L., Belle E.V., Smith R.C., Roux A.L., Denefle P., Steg G., Barry J.J., Branellec D., Isner J.M., and Walsh K. Percutaneous delivery of the gax gene inhibits vessel stenosis in a rabbit model of balloon angioplasty. Cardiovas. Res. 35 (1997) 536-546
112. Majesky M. A little VEGF goes a long way: Therapeutic angiogenesis by direct injection of vascular endothelial growth factor-encoding plasmid DNA. Circulation 94 12 (1996) 3062-3064
113. Maillard L., Van Belle E., Smith R.C., Le Roux A., Denefle P., Steg G., Barry J.J., Branellec D., Isner J.M., and Walsh K. Percutaneous delivery of the gax gene inhibits vessel stenosis in a rabbit model of balloon angioplasty. Cardiovasc. Res. 35 (1997) 536-546
114. Marcus-Sekura C., Woerner A., Shinozuka K., Zon G., and Quinnan G. Comparative inhibition of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression by antisense oligonucleotide analogues having alkyl triester, methyl phosphonate and phosphorothioate linkages. Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (1987) 5749-5763
115. Mehra M.R., Stapleton D.D., Cook J.L., Zhang T., Ventura H.O., Huang C., Maldonado B., Smart F.W., Re R.N., Murgo J.P., and Barbee R.W. Adenovirus-mediated in vivo gene transfer in a rabbit model of allograft vasculopathy. J. Heart Lung Transpl. 15 (1996) 51-57
116. Mehra M.R., Ventura H.O., Smart F.W., Stapleton D.D., Collins T.J., Ramee S.R., Murgo J.P., and White C.J. New developments in the diagnosis and management of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Tex. Heart Inst. J. 22 (1995) 138-144
117. Meurs E., Chong K., Galabru J., Thomas N.S., Kerr I.M., Williams B.R., and Hovanessian A.G. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induced by interferon. Cell 62 (1990) 379-390
118. Miano J., Tota R., Vlasic N., et al. Early proto-oncogene expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells following endothelial removal. Am. J. Pathol. 137 (1990) 761-765
119. Miller A.D. Retroviral vectors. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 158 (1992) 1-24
120. Miller A.D., Jolly D.J., Friedmann T., and Verma I.M. A transmissible retrovirus expressing human hypozanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT): Gene transfer into cells obtained from humans deficient in HPRT. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80 (1983) 4709-4713
121. Miller D.G., Adam M.A., and Miller D. Gene transfer by retrovirus vectors occurs only in cells that are actively replicating at the time of infection. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 8 (1990) 4239-4242
122. Mitchel J.F., Fram D.B., Palme D.F., Foster R., Hirst J.A., Azrin M.A., Bow L.M., Eldin A.M., Waters D.D., and McKay R.G. Molecular and cellular cardiology: enhanced intracoronary thrombolysis with urokinase using a novel, local drug delivery system: In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Circulation 91 3 (1995) 785-793
123. Miyagishima M., Tzeng E., Shears L.L., Kawaharada N., Watkins L., and Billiar T.R. Perivascular iNOS gene transfer using a novel non-occlusive gene delivery device inhibits intimal hyperplasia. Circulation 96 8 (1997) 113 [Abstract]
124. Morishita R., Gibbons G.H., Kaneda Y., Ogihara T., and Dzau V.J. Novel and effective gene transfer technique for study of vascular renin angiotensis system. J. Clin. Invest. 91 (1993) 2580-2585
125. Morishita R., Gibbons G.H., Ellison K.E., Nakajima M., Zhang L., Kaneda Y., Ogihara T., and Dzau V.J. Single intraluminal delivery of antisense cdc2 kinase and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen oligonucleotides results in chronic inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993) 8474-8478
126. Morishita R., Gibbons G.H., Ellison K.E., Nakajima M., von der Leyen H., Zhang L., Kaneda Y., Ogihara T., and Dzau V.J. Intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury is inhibited by antisense cdk 2 kinase oligonucleotides. J. Clin. Invest. 93 (1994) 1458-1464
127. Morishita R., Gibbons G.H., Horuichi M., Ellison E.E., Nakajima M., Zhang L., Kaneda Y., Ogihara T., and Dzau V.J. A gene therapy strategy using a transcription factor decoy of the E2F binding site inhibits smooth muscle proliferation in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 (1995) 5855-5859
128. Muller D.W.M. The role of proto-oncogenes in coronary restenosis. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 40 2 (1997) 117-128
129. Murphy J.G., Schwartz R.S., Edwards W.D., Camrud A.R., Vlietstra R.E., and Holmes D.R. Percutaneous polymeric stents in porcine coronary arteries: Initial experience with polyethylene terephthalate stents. Circulation 86 5 (1992) 1596-1604
130. Muzyczka N. Use of adeno-associated virus as a general transduction vector for mammalian cells. In: Muzyczka N. (Ed). "Viral Expressions Vectors" 158 (1992), Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York 97-129
131. Nabel E.G. Gene therapy for cardiovascular disease. Circulation 91 (1995) 541-548
132. Nabel E.G., Gordon D., Yang Z., Xu L., San H., Plautz G.E., Wu B., Gao X., Huang L., and Nabel G.J. Gene transfer in vivo with DNA-liposome complexes: Lack of autoimmunity and gonadal localization. Hum. Gene Ther. 3 (1992) 649-656
133. Nabel E.G., Pompili V.J., Plautz G.E., and Nabel G.J. Gene transfer and vascular disease. Cardiovasc. Res. 28 (1994) 445-455
134. Nabel E.G., Plautz G., Boyce F.M., Stanley J.C., and Nabel G.J. Recombinant gene expression in vivo within endothelial cells of the arterial wall. Science 244 (1989) 1342-1344
135. Nabel E.G., Plautz G., and Nabel G.J. Site-specific gene expression in vivo by direct gene transfer into the arterial wall. Science 249 (1990) 1285-1288
136. Nabel E.G., Yang Z., Liptay S., et al. Recombinant platelet-derived growth factor B gene expression in porcine arteries induces intimal hyperplasia in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 91 (1993) 1822-1829
137. Nabel E.G., Yang Z., Plautz G., et al. Recombinant fibroblast growth factor-1 promotes intimal hyperplasia and angiogenesis in arteries in vivo. Nature 362 (1993) 844-846
138. Nishi T., Dev S.B., Yoshizato K., Kuratsu J., and Ushio Y. Treatment of cancer using pulsed electric field in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or genes. Hum. Cell. 10 1 (1997) 81-86
139. Nishi T., Yoshizato K., Yamashiro S., Takeshima H., Sato K., Hamada K., Kitamura I., Yoshimura T., Saya H., Kuratsu J., and Ushio Y. High-efficiency in vivo gene transfer using intraarterial plasmid DNA injection following in vivo electroporation. Cancer Res. 56 5 (1996) 1050-1055
140. Neschis D.G., Safford S.D., Hanna A.K., Fox J.C., and Golden M.A. Antisense basic fibroblast growth factor gene transfer reduces early intimal thickening in a rabbit femoral artery balloon injury model. J. Vasc. Surg. 27 (1998) 126-134
141. Ochiai H., Park H.M., Nakamura A., Sasaki R., Okumura J.I., and Muramatsu T. Synthesis of human erythropoietin in vivo in the oviduct of laying hens by localized in vivo gene transfer using electroporation. Poult. Sci. 77 2 (1998) 299-302
142. Ohno T., Gordon D., San H., Pompili V.J., Imperiale M.J., Nabel G.J., and Nabel E.G. Gene therapy for vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation after arterial injury. Science 265 (1994) 781-784
143. Pardee A.B. G1 events and regulation of cell proliferation. Science 246 (1989) 603-608
144. Perricaudet M., and Stratford-Perricaudet L.D. Adenovirus-mediated in vivo gene therapy. In: Vos J.-M.H. (Ed). "Viruses in Human Gene Therapy" (1995), Carolina Academic Press, Durham, N C 1-32 and Chapman-Hall, London/New York
145. Pickering J.G., Isner J., Ford C.M., Lawrence W., Lazarovits A., Rocnik E.F., and Chow L. Processing of chimeric antisense oligonucleotides by human vascular smooth muscle cells and human atherosclerotic plaque: Implications for antisense therapy of restenosis after angioplasty. Circulation 93 4 (1996) 772-780
146. Pickering J.G., Jekanowski J., Weir L., Takeshita S., Losordo D.W., and Isner J.M. Liposome-mediated gene transfer into human vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation 89 (1994) 13-21
147. Pitsch R.J., Goodman G.R., Minion D.J., Madura J.A., Fox P.L., and Graham L.M. Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in vitro by antisense oligonucleotide to c-myb. J. Vasc. Surg. 23 5 (1996) 783-791
148. Prelich G., and Stillman B. Coordinated leading and lagging strand synthesis during SV40 DNA replication in vitro requires PCNA. Cell 53 1 (1988) 117-126
149. Rade J.J., Schulick A.H., Virmani R., and Dichek D.A. Local adenoviral-mediated expression of recombinant hirudin reduces neointima formation after arterial injury. Nat. Med. 2 3 (1996) 293-298
150. Recombinant NIH Advisory Committee (1993). Published minutes, pp. 1-2 Bethesda, MD.
151. Riessen R., Rahimizadeh H., Blessing E., Takeshita S., Barry J.J., and Isner J.M. Arterial gene transfer using pure DNA applied directly to a hydrogel-coated angioplasty balloon. Hum. Gene Ther. 4 (1993) 749-758
152. Robinson K.A., Chronos N.A., Schieffer E., Palmer S.J., Cipolla G.D., Milner P.G., and King S.B. Endoluminal local delivery of PCNA/cdc2 antisense oligonucleotides by porous balloon catheter does not affect neointima formation or vessel size in the pig coronary artery model of postangioplasty restenosis. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 41 3 (1997) 348-353
153. Rowe W.P., Huebner R.J., Gilmore L.K., Parrott R.H., and Ward T.G. Isolation of a cytopathogenic agent from human adenoids undergoing spontaneous degeneration in tissue culture. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 84 (1953) 570-573
154. Russell M.E. Macrophages and transplant arteriosclerosis: Known and novel molecules. J. Heart Lung Transpl. 14 (1995) S111-S115
155. Russell P.S., Chase C.M., Winn H.J., and Colvin R.B. Coronary atherosclerosis in transplanted mouse hearts. I. Time course and immunogenetic and immunopathological considerations. Am. J. Pathol. 144 (1994) 260-274
156. Russell P.S., Chase C.M., Winn H.J., and Colvin R.B. Coronary atherosclerosis in transplanted mouse hearts. II. Importance of humoral immunity. J. Immunol. 152 (1994) 5135-5141
157. Safi J., Gloe T.R., Riccioni T., Kovesdi I., and Capogrossi M.C. Gene therapy with angiogenic factors: A new potential approach to the treatment of ischemic diseases. J. Mol. Cell. Card. 29 9 (1997) 2311-2325
158. Sata M., Perlman H., Muruve D.A., Silver M., Idebe M., Libermann T.A., Oettgens P., and Walsh K. Fas ligand gene transfer to the vessel wall inhibits neointima formation and overrides the adenovirus-mediated T cell response. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (1998) 1213-1217
159. Schmidt A., Sindermann J., Peyman A., Uhlmann E., Will D.W., Muller J.G., Breithardt G., and Buddecke E. Sequence-specific antiproliferative effects of antisense and end-capping-modified antisense oligdeoxynucleotides targeted against the 5'-terminus of basic-fibroblast-growth-factor mRNA in coronary smooth muscle cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 248 2 (1997) 543-549
160. Schwartz M.D., and Moawad J. Gene therapy for vascular disease. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 11 2 (1997) 189-199
161. Seth P., Fitzgerald D., Ginsberg H., Williangham M., and Pastan I. Evidence that the penton base of adenovirus is involved in potentiation of toxicity of Pseudomonas exotoxin conjugated to epidermal growth factor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4 (1984) 1528-1533
162. Shears L.L., Kawaharada N., Tzeng E., Billiar T., Watkins S.C., Kovesdi I., Lizonova A., and Pham S.M. Inducible nitric oxide synthase suppresses the development of allograft arteriosclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. 100 8 (1997) 2035-2042
163. Shears L.L., Kibbe M.R., Murdock A., Billiar T.R., Lizonova A., Kovesdi I., Watkins S.C., and Tzeng E. Efficient inhibition of intimal hyperplasia by adenovirus-mediated injucible nitric oxide synthase gene transfer to rats and pigs in vivo. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 187 (1998) 295-306
164. Shi Y., Fard A., Galeo A., Hutchinson H.G., Vermani P., Dodge G.R., Hall D.J., Shaheen F., and Zaleqski A. Cellular, molicular, biological, and immunological research: Transcatheter delivery of c-myc antisense oligomers reduces neointimal formation in a porcine model of coronary artery balloon injury. Circulation 90 2 (1994) 944-951
165. Shi Y., Hutchinson H.G., Hall D.J., and Zalewski A. Molecular and cellular cardiology: Downregulation of c-myc expression by antisense oligonucleotides inhibits proliferation of human smooth muscle cells. Circulation 88 3 (1993) 1190-1195
166. Simari R.D., San H., Rekhter M., Ohno T., Gordon D., Nabel G.J., and Nabel E.G. Regulation of cellular proliferation and intimal formation following balloon injury in atherosclerotic rabbit arteries. J. Clin. Invest. 98 1 (1996) 225-235
167. Simons M., and Rosenberg R.D. Antisense nonmuscle myosin heavy chain and c-myb oligonucleotides suppress smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro. Circ. Res. 70 (1992) 835-843
168. Simons M., Edelman R.R., DeKeyser J.-L., Langer R., and Rosenberg R.D. Antisense c-myb oligonucleotides inhibit intimal arterial smooth muscle cell accumulation in vivo. Nature 359 (1992) 67-70
169. Simons M., Edelman E.R., and Rosenberg R.D. Antisense proliferating cell nuclear antigen oligonucleotides inhibit intimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid artery injury model. J. Clin. Invest. 93 6 (1994) 2351-2356
170. Sirois M.G., Simons M., and Edelman E. Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of PDGFR-beta receptor subunit expression directs suppression of intimal thickening. Circulation 95 3 (1997) 669-676
171. cip1 -mediated inhibition of cell proliferation by overexpression of the gax homeodomain gene. Genes Dev. 11 (1997) 1674-1689
172. Smith R.C., Wills K.N., Antelman D., Perlman H., Truong L.N., Krasinski K., and Walsh K. Adenoviral constructs encoding phosphorylation-competent full-length and truncated forms of the human retinoblastoma protein inhibit myocyte proliferation and neointima formation. Circulation 96 (1997) 1899-1905
173. Speir E., and Epstein S.E. Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting the messenger RNA encoding proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Circulation 86 (1992) 538-547
174. Srivastava A., Lusby E.W., and Berns K.I. Nucleotide sequence and organization of the adeno-associated virus 2 genome. J. Virol. 45 (1983) 555-564
175. Steg P.G., Feldman L.J., Scoazec J.-Y., Tahlil O., Barry J.J., Boulechfar S., Ragot T., Isner J.M., and Perricaudet M. Arterial gene transfer to rabbit endothelial and smooth muscle cells using percutaneous delivery of an adenoviral vector. Circulation 90 4 (1994) 1648-1656
176. Steg P.G., Tahlil O., Aubailly N., Caillaud J.-M., Dedieu J.-F., Berthelot K., Roux A.L., Feldman L., Perricaudet M., Denefle P., and Branellec D. Reduction of restenosis after angioplasty in an atheromatous rabbit model by suicide gene therapy. Circulation 96 (1997) 408-411
177. Stein C.A., and Krieg A.M. Problems in interpretation of data derived from in vitro and in vivo use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Antisense Res. Dev. 4 (1994) 67-69
178. Stephan D., San H., Yang Z., Gordon D., Goelz S., Nabel G.J., and Nabel E.G. Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia by gene transfer of β-interferon. Mol. Med. 3 9 (1997) 593-599
179. Stewart M.J., Plautz G.E., Buono L.D., Yang Z., Xu L., Gao X., Huang L., Nabel E.G., and Nabel G.J. Gene transfer in vivo with DNA-Liposomes complexes: Safety and acute toxicity in mice. Hum. Gene Ther. 3 (1992) 267-275
180. Stratford-Perricaudet L.D., and Perricaudet M. Gene therapy: The advent of adenovirus. In: Wolff J.A. (Ed). "Gene Therapeutics: Methods and Applications of Direct Gene Transfer" (1994), Birkhauser, Boston
181. Straus S.E. Adeonvirus infections in humans. In: Ginsberg H.S. (Ed). "The Adenoviruses" (1984), Plenum, New York/London
182. Sugimura K., Harimoto K., and Kishimoto T. In vivo gene transfer methods into bladder without viral vectors. Hinyokika Kiyo 43 11 (1997) 823-827
183. Summerford C., and Samulski R.J. Membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a receptor for adeno-associated virus type Z virions. J. Virol. 72 2 (1998) 1438-1445
184. Sun W.H., Burkholder J.K., Sun J., et al. In vivo cytokine gene transfer by gene gun reduces tumor growth in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 (1995) 2889-2893
185. Suzuki J., Isobe M., Morishita R., Aoki M., Horie S., Okubo Y., Kaneda Y., Sawa Y., Matsuda H., Ogihara T., and Sekiguchi M. Prevention of graft coronary arteriosclerosis by antisense cdk2 kinase oligonucleotide. Nat. Med. 3 8 (1997) 900-903
186. Symes J.F., and Sniderman A.D. Angiogenesis: Potential therapy for ischaemic disease. Curr. Opin. Lipid. 5 4 (1994) 305-312
187. Takeshita S., Gai D., Leclerc G., Pickering J.G., Riessen R., Weir L., and Isner J.M. Increased gene expression following liposome-mediated arterial gene transfer associated with intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation: In vitro and in vivo findings in a rabbit model of vascular injury. J. Clin. Invest. 93 (1994) 652-661
188. Temin H. Mechanism of cell transformation by RNA tumor viruses. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 25 (1971) 609-648
189. Temin H. The DNA provirus hypothesis. Science 192 (1976) 1075-1080
190. Temin H.M., and Mizutani S. RNA-directed DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature 226 (1970) 1211-1213
191. Tomko R.P., Xu R., and Philipson L. HCAR and MCAR: the human and mouse cellular receptors for subgroup C adenoviruses and group B coxsackieviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 (1997) 3352-3356
192. Trempe J.P. Packaging systems for adeno-associated virus vectors. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 218 (1996) 35-50
193. Tzeng E., Kim Y.M., Pitt B.R., Lizonova A., Kovesdi I., and Billiar T.R. Adenoviral transfer of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene blocks endothelial cell apoptosis. Surgery 122 2 (1997) 255-263
194. Tzeng E., Shears L.L., Lotze M.T., and Billiar T.R. Gene therapy. Curr. Prob. Surg. 33 12 (1996) 961-1052
195. Tzeng E., Shears L.L., Robbins P.D., Pitt B.R., Geller D.A., Watkins S.C., Simmons R.L., and Billear T.R. Vascular gene transfer of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase: Characterization of activity and effects on myointimal hyperplasia. Mol. Med. 2 2 (1996) 211-225
196. Ueno H., Haruno A., Morisaki N., Furuya M., Kangawa K., Takeshita A., and Saito Y. Local expression of C-type natriuretic peptide markedly suppresses neointimal formation in rat injured arteries through an autocrine/paracrine loop. Circulation 96 (1997) 2272-2279
197. Ueno H., Masuda S., Nishio S., Li J.-J., Yamamoto H., and Takeshita A. Adeonvirusmediated transfer of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-p21 suppresses neointimal formation in the balloon-injured rat carotid arteries in vivo. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 811 (1997) 401-411
198. Ueno H., Yamamoto H., Ito S., Li J.-J., and Takeshita A. Adenovirus-mediated transfer of a dominant-negative H-ras suppresses neointimal formation in balloon-injured arteries in vivo. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17 (1997) 898-904
199. Unger E.F., Banai S., Shou M., Lazarous D.F., Jaklitsch M.T., Scheinowitz M., Correa R., Klingbeil C., and Epstein S.E. Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances myocardial collateral flow in a canine model. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (1994) H1588-H1595
200. Van der Giessen W.J., Lincoff A.M., Schwartz R.S., van Beusekom H.M., Serruys P.W., Holmes D.R., Ellis S.G., and Topol E.J. Marked inflammatory sequelae to implantation of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable polymers in porcine coronary arteries. Circulation 94 7 (1996) 1690-1697
201. Varenne O., Pislaru S., Gillijns H., Pelt N.V., Gerard R.D., Zoldhelyi P., Van de Werf F., Collen D., and Janssens S. Local adenovirus-mediated transfer of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase reduces luminal narrowing after coronary angioplasty in pigs. Circulation 98 (1998) 919-926
202. Varmus H. Retroviruses. Science 240 (1988) 1427-1435
203. Verma I.M., and Somia N. Gene therapy-promises, problems and prospects. Nature 389 (1997) 239-242
204. Villa A.E., Guzman L.A., Poptic E.J., Labhasetwar V., D'Souza S., Farrell C.L., Plow E.F., Levy R.J., DiCorleto P.E., and Topol E.J. Effects of antisense c-myb oligonucleotides on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and response to vessel wall injury. Circ. Res. 76 4 (1995) 505-513
205. Von der Leyen H.E., Gibbons G.H., Morishita R., Lewis N.P., Zhang L., Nakajima M., Kaneda Y., Ogihara T., and Dzau V.J. Gene therapy inhibiting neointimal vascular lesion: In vivo transfer of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 (1995) 1137-1141
206. Wagner J.A., and Gardner P. Toward cystic fibrosis gene therapy. Annu. Rev. Med. 48 (1997) 203-216
207. Wagner J.A., Daifuku R., Moran M.L., et al. Clinical protocol: Evaluation of adeno-associated virus mediated gene transfer of CFTR in the maxillary sinuses of CF patients with antrostomies. Pediatr. Pulm. 12 Suppl. (1995) 227
208. Wang Q., Jia X.C., and Finer M.H. A packaging cell line for propagation of recombinant adenovirus vectors containing two lethal gene-region deletions. Gene Ther. 2 10 (1995) 775-783
209. Watt P.C., Sawicki M.P., and Passaro E. A review of gene transfer techniques. Am. J. Surg. 165 3 (1993) 350-354
210. Weir L., Chen D., Pastore C., Isner J.M., and Walsh K. Expression of gax, a growth arrest homeobox gene, is rapidly down-regulated in the rat carotid artery during the proliferative response to injury. J. Biol. Chem. 270 10 (1995) 5457-5461
211. Weiss R. "RNA Tumor Viruses." (1984), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
212. Wickham T.J., Carrion M.E., and Kovesdi I. Targeting of adenovirus penton base to new receptors through replacement of its RGD motif with other receptor-specific peptide motifs. Gene Ther. 2 (1995) 750-756
213. Wickham T.J., Segal D.M., Roelvink P.W., Carrion M.E., Lizonova A., Lee G.M., and Kovesdi I. Targeted adenovirus gene transfer to endothelial and smooth muscle cells by using bispecific antibodies. J. Virol. 70 10 (1996) 6831-6838
214. Wickham T.J., Tzeng E., Shears L.L., Roelvink P.W., Li Y., Lee G.M., Brough D.E., Lizonova A., and Kovesdi I. Increased in vitro and in vivo gene transfer by adenovirus vectors containing chimeric fiber proteins. J. Virol. 71 11 (1997) 8221-8229
215. Willard J.E., Landau C., Glamann B., Burns D., Jessen M.E., Pirwitz M.J., Gerard R.D., and Meidell R.S. Genetic modification of the vessel wall: Comparison of surgical and catheter-based techniques for delivery of recombinant adenovirus. Circulation 89 5 (1994) 2190-2197
216. Wolff J.A., and Lederberg J. An early history of gene transfer and therapy. Hum. Gene Ther. 5 (1994) 469-480
217. Xu X.M., Ohashi K., Sanduja S.K., Ruan K.-H., Wang L.H., and Wu K.K. Enhanced prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells by retrovirus-mediated transfer of prostaglandin H synthase cDNA. J. Clin. Invest. 91 (1993) 1843-1849
218. Yakubov L.A., Deeva E.A., Zarytova V.F., Ivanova E.M., Ryte A.S., Yurchenko L.V., and Vlassov V.V. Mechanism of oligonucleotide uptake by cells: Involvement of specificeptors?. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 (1989) 6454-6458
219. Yang N.S., and Sun W.H. Gene gun and other non-viral approaches for cancer gene therapy. Nature Med. 1 5 (1995) 481-483
220. Yang Y., Trinchieri G., and Wilson J.M. Recombinant IL-12 prevents formation of blocking IgA antibodies to recombinant adenovirus and allows repeated gene therapy to mouse lung. Nat. Med. 1 9 (1995) 890-893
221. Yang Z.-Y., Simari R.D., Perkins N.D., San H., Gordon D., Nabel G.J., and Nabel E.G. Role of the p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in limiting intimal cell proliferation in response to arterial injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 (1996) 7905-7910
222. Yee J., Miyanohara A., LaPorte P., Bouic K., Burns J.C., and Friedmann T. A general method for the generation of high-titer, pantropic retroviral vectors: Highly efficient infection of primary hepatocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 9564-9568
223. Yeh P., and Perricaudet M. Advances in adenoviral vectors: from genetic engineering to their biology. FASEB. 11 (1997) 615-623
224. Yonemitsu Y., Kaneda Y., Hata Y., Nakashima Y., and Sueishi K. Wild-type p53 gene transfer: a novel therapeutic strategy for neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 811 (1997) 395-400
225. Yonemitsu Y., Kaneda Y., Tanaka S., Nakashima Y., Komori K., Sugimachi K., and Sueishi K. Transfer of wild-type p53 gene effectively inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Circ. Res. 82 (1998) 147-156
226. Yoshida Y., Kobayashi E., Endo H., Hamamoto T., Yamanaka T., Fugimura A., and Kagawa Y. Introduction of DNA into rat liver with a hand-held gene gun: Distribution of the expressed enzyme, [32P]DNA, and Ca2+ flux. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 234 3 (1997) 695-700
227. Zamecnik P.C., and Stephenson M.L. Inhibition of Raus sarcoma virus replication and cell transformation by a specific oligodeoxynucleotide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75 (1978) 280
228. Zhu N.L., Wu L., Liu P.X., Gordon E.M., Anderson W.F., Starnes V.A., and Hall F.L. Downregulation of cyclin G1 expression by retrovirus-mediated antisense gene transfer inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation. Circulation 96 (1997) 628-635
229. Zinder N.D., and Lederberg J. Genetic exchange in Salmonella. J. Bacteriol. 64 (1952) 679-699
230. Zoldhelyi P., McNatt J., Xu X.-M., Loose-Mitchell D., Meidell R.S., Clubb F.J., Buja L.M., Willerson J.T., and Wu K.K. Prevention of arterial thrombosis by adenovirus-mediated transfer of cyclooxygenase gene. Circulation 93 (1996) 10-17