Nitric oxide and cardiac function

Circulation Research

Volumn 79, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 363-380

  Kelly, Ralph A ^a   Balligand, Jean Luc ^b   Smith, Thomas W ^b  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

autonomic nervous system; endothelial nitric oxide synthase; heart failure; inducible nitric oxide synthase; signal transduction

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CALCIUM ION; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC GMP; CYTOKINE; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; GUANYLATE CYCLASE; MUSCARINIC AGENT; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE DONOR; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NITROGEN OXIDE; OSTEOPONTIN; POTASSIUM ION;

CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; CALCIUM CURRENT; ENERGY TRANSFER; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INDUCTION; HEART CONTRACTION; HEART MUSCLE CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; NONHUMAN; POTASSIUM CURRENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

EID: 0029816660     PISSN: 00097330     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.RES.79.3.363     Document Type: Review

References (232)

1. Gross SS, Wolin MS. Nitric oxide: pathophysiological mechanisms. Annu Rev Physiol. 1995;57:737-769.
2. Stamler JS, Singel DJ, Loscalzo J. Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox-activated forms. Science. 1992;258:1898-1902.
3. Stamler JS. Redox signaling: nitrosylation and related target interactions of nitric oxide. Cell. 1994;78:931-936.
4. Moncada S, Higgs EA. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies related to nitric oxide. FASEB J. 1995;9:1319-1330.
5. Wolin MS. Reactive oxygen species and vascular signal transduction mechanisms. Microcirculation. 1996;3:1-17.
6. Nathan C, Xie Q-W. Regulation of biosynthesis of nitric oxide. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:13725-13728.
7. Su Z, Blazing MA, Fan D, George SE. The calmodulin-nitric oxide synthase interaction: critical role of the calmodulin latch domain in enzyme activation. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:29117-29122.
8. Abu-Soud HM, Feldman PL, Clark P, Stuehr DJ. Electron transfer in the nitric-oxide synthases: characterization of L-arginine analogs that block heme iron reduction. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:32318-32326.
9. Abu-Soud HM, Loftus M, Stuehr DJ. Subunit dissociation and unfolding of macrophage NO synthase: relationship between enzyme structure, prosthetic group binding, and catalytic function. Biochemistry. 1995;34:11167-11175.
10. Siddhanta U, Wu C, Abu-Soud HM, Zhang J, Ghosh DK, Stuehr DJ. Heme iron reduction and catalysis by a nitric oxide synthase heterodimer containing one reductase and two oxygenase domains. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:7309-7312.
11. Gross SS, Levi R. Tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis: an absolute requirement for cytokine-induced nitric oxide generation by vascular smooth muscle. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:25722-25799.
12. Klatt P, Schmidt K, Lehner D, Glatter O, Bachinger HP, Mayer B. Structural analysis of porcine brain nitric oxide synthase reveals a role for tetrahydrobiopterin and L-arginine in the formation of an SDS-resistant dimer EMBO J. 1995;14:3687-3695.
13. 4B promotes assembly of enzyme subunits into an active dimer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92: 117-71-11775.
14. Cho HJ, Martin E, Xie Q-W, Sassa S, Nathan C. Inducible nitric oxide synthase: identification of amino acid residues essential for dimerization and binding of tetrahydrobiopterin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92:11514-11518.
15. Ghosh DK, Abu-Soud HM, Stuehr DJ. Domains of macrophage NO synthase have divergent roles in forming and stabilizing the active dimeric enzyme. Biochemistry. 1996;35:1444-1449.
16. Klatt P, Pfeiffer S, List BM, Lehner D, Glatter O, Bachinger HP, Werner ER, Schmidt K, Mayer B. Characterization of heme-deficient neuronal nitric-oxide synthase reveals a role for heme in subunit dimerization and binding of the amino acid substance and tetrahydrobiopterin. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:7336-7342.
17. Snyder SH. NO endothelial NO. Nature. 1995;377:196-197.
18. Griffith OW, Stuehr DJ. Nitric oxide synthases: properties and catalytic mechanism. Annu Rev Physiol. 1995;57:707-736.
19. Venema RC, Sayegh HS, Kent JD, Harrison DG. Identification, characterization, and comparison of the calmodulin-binding domains of the endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:6435-6440.
20. Simmons WW, Closs EI, Cunningham JM, Smith TW, Kelly RA. Cytokines and insulin induce cationic amino acid transporter expression in cardiac myocytes: regulation of L-arginine transport and NO production by CAT-1, CAT-2A and CAT-2B. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:11694-11702.
21. Buga GM, Griscavage JM, Rogers NE, Ignarro LK. Negative feedback regulation of endothelial cell function by nitric oxide. Br J Pharmacol. 1993;73:808-812.
22. Abu-Soud HM, Wang J, Rousseau DL, Fukuto JM, Ignarro LJ, Stuehr DJ. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase self-inactivates by forming a ferrous-nitrosyl complex during aerobic catalysis. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:22997-23006.
23. Hurshman AR, Marletta MA. Nitric oxide complexes of inducible nitric oxide synthase: spectral characterization and effect on catalytic activity. Biochemistry. 1995;34:5627-5634.
24. Albakri QA, Stuehr DJ. Intracellular assembly of inducible NO synthase is limited by nitric oxide-mediated changes in heme insertion and availability. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:5414-5421.
25. Ravichandran LV, Johns RA. Up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression by cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate. FEBS Lett. 1995;374:295-298.
26. Colasanti M, Persichini T, Menegazzi M, Mariotto S, Giordano E, Caldarera CM, Sogos V, Lauro GM, Suzuki H. Induction of nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression: suppression by exogenous nitric oxide. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:26731-26733.
27. Peng H-B, Libby P, Liao JK. Induction and stabilization of IκBα by nitric oxide mediates inhibition of NF-κB. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270:14214-14219.
28. Kobzik L, Reid MB, Bredt DS, Stamler JS. Nitric oxide in skeletal muscle. Nature. 1994;372:546-548.
29. Brenman JE, Chao DS, Xia H, Aldape K, Bredt DS. Nitric oxide synthase complexed with dystrophin and absent from skeletal muscle sarcolemma in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell. 1995;82: 743-752.
30. Brenman JE, Chao DS, Gee SH, McGee AW, Craven SE, Santillano DR, Wu Z, Huang F, Xia H, Peters MF, Froehner SC, Bredt DS. Interaction of nitric oxide synthase with the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 and α1-syntrophin mediated by PDZ domains. Cell. 1996;84:757-767.
31. Vodovotz Y, Russell D, Xie Q-W, Bogdan C, Nathan C. Vesicle membrane association of nitric oxide synthase in primary mouse macrophages. J Immunol. 1995;154:2914-2925.
32. Busconi L, Michel T. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: N-terminal myristoylation determines subcellular localization. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:8410-8413.
33. Robinson LJ, Busconi L, Michel T. Agonist-modulated palmitoylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem. 1995;270: 995-998.
34. Robinson LJ, Michel T. Mutagenesis of palmitoylation sites in endothelial nitric oxide synthase identifies a novel motif for dual acylation and subcellular targeting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995; 92:11776-11780.
35. Michel T, Li GK, Busconi L. Phosphorylation and subcellular translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:6252-6256.
36. Sessa WC, Garcia-Cardena G, Liu J, Keh A, Pollock JS, Bradley J, Thiru S, Braverman IM, Desai KM. The Golgi association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is necessary for the efficient synthesis of nitric oxide. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:17641-17644.
37. Shaul PW, Smart EJ, Robinson LJ, German Z, Yuhanna IS, Ying Y, Anderson RGW, Michel T. Acylation targets endothelial nitric oxide synthase to plasmalemmal caveolae. J Biol Chem. 1996; 271:6518-6522.
38. Robinson MS, Watts C, Zerial M. Membrane dynamics in endocytosis. Cell. 1996;84:13-21.
39. Smart EJ, Ying Y-S, Anderson RGW. Hormonal regulation of caveolae internalization. J Cell Biol. 1995;131:929-938.
40. Anderson RGW. Caveolae: where incoming and outgoing messengers meet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:10909-10913.
41. Parton RG, Simons K. Digging into caveolae. Science. 1995;269: 1398-1399.
42. Liu P, Ying Y, Ko Y-G, Anderson RGW. Localization of platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation cascade to caveolae. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:10299-10303.
43. Sevinsky JR, Rao LVM, Ruf W. Ligand-induced protease receptor translocation into caveolae: a mechanism for regulating cell surface proteolysis of the tissue factor-dependent coagulation pathway. J Cell Biol. 1996;133:293-304.
44. Li S, Okamoto T, Chun M, Sargiacomo M, Casanova JE, Hansen SH, Nishimoto I, Lisanti MP. Evidence for a regulated interaction between heterotrimeric G proteins and caveolin. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270:15693-15701.
45. Li S, Seitz R, Lisanti MP. Phosphorylation of caveolin by Src tyrosine kinases: the α-isoform of caveolin is selectively phosphorylated by v-Src in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:3863-3868.
46. Song KS, Li S, Okamoto T, Quilliam LA, Sargiacomo M, Lisanti MP. Co-purification and direct interaction of Ras with caveolin, an integral membrane protein of caveolae microdomains. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:9690-9697.
47. Tang Z, Scherer PE, Okamoto T, Song K. Chu C, Kohtz DS. Nishimoto I, Lodish HF, Lisanti MP. Molecular cloning of caveolin-3, a novel member of the caveolin gene family expressed predominantly in muscle. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:2255-2261.
48. Faux MC, Scott JD. Molecular glue: kinase anchoring and scaffold proteins. Cell. 1996;85:9-12.
49. Schwarz P, Diem R, Dun NJ, Förstermann U. Endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide inhibits norepinephrine release from rat heart sympathetic nerves. Circ Res. 1995;77:841-848.
50. Balligand J-L, Kobzik L, Han X, Kaye DM, Belhassen L, O'Hara DS, Kelly RA, Smith TW, Michel T. Nitric oxide-dependent parasympathetic signaling is due to activation of constitutive endothelial (type III) nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:14582-14586.
51. Klimaschewski L, Kummer W, Mayer B, Couraud JY, Preissler U, Philippin B, Heym C. Nitric oxide synthase in cardiac nerve fibers and neurons of rat and guinea pig heart. Circ Res. 1992;71:1533-1537.
52. Tanaka K, Hassall CJS, Burnstock G. Distribution of intracardiac neurones and nerve terminals that contain a marker for nitric oxide, NADPH-diaphorase, in the guinea-pig heart. Cell Tissue Res. 1993; 273:293-300.
53. Hassall CJS, Saffrey MJ, Belai A, Hoyle CHV, Moules EW, Moss J, Schmidt HHHW, Murad F, Förstermann U, Burnstock G. Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase activity in a subpopulation of intrinsic neurones of the guinea-pig heart. Neurosci Lett. 1992;143:65-68.
54. Ursell PC, Mayes M. Anatomic distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the heart. Int J Cardiol. 1995;50:217-223.
55. Sosunov AA, Hassall CJS, Loesch A, Turmaine M, Burnstock G. Nitric oxide synthase-containing neurones and nerve fibers within cardiac ganglia of rat and guinea-pig: an electron-microscopic immunocytochemical study. Cell Tissue Res. 1996;284:19-28.
56. Tanaka K, Chiba T. Nitric oxide synthase containing nerves in the atrioventricular node of the guinea pig heart. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1995;51:245-253.
57. Zhang J, Snyder SH. Nitric oxide in the nervous system. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1995;35:213-233.
58. Kaye DM, Wiviott SD, Balligand J-L, Smith TW. Nitric oxide inhibits norepinephrine uptake into cardiac sympathetic neurons. Circulation. 1995;92(suppl I):I-507. Abstract.
59. Rand MJ, Li CG. Nitric oxide as a neurotransmitter in peripheral nerves: nature of transmitter and mechanism of transmission. Annu Rev Physiol. 1995;57:659-682.
60. Seilicovich A, Lasaga M, Befumo M, Duvilanski BH, del Carmen Diaz M, Rettori V, McCann SM. Nitric oxide inhibits the release of norepinephrine and dopamine from the medial basal hypothalamus of the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92:11299-11302.
61. Horackova M, Armour JA, Hopkins DA, Huang MH. Nitric oxide modulates signalling between cultured adult peripheral cardiac neurons and cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol. In press.
62. Xie Q-W, Cho HJ, Calaycay J, Mumford RA, Swiderek KM, Lee TD, Ding A, Troso T, Nathan C. Cloning and characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase from mouse macrophages. Science. 1992;256:225-228.
63. Lowenstein C, Glatt C, Bredt D, Snyder S. Cloned and expressed macrophage nitric oxide synthase contrasts with the brain enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991;89:6711-6715.
64. 2+-independent nitric oxide synthase in the myocardium. Br J Pharmacol. 1992;105:575-580.
65. Roberts AB, Vodovotz Y, Roche NS, Sporn MB, Nathan CF. Role of nitric oxide in antagonistic effects of transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-1β on the beating rate of cultured cardiac myocytes. Mol Endocrinol. 1992;6:1921.
66. Roberts AB, Roche NS, Winokur TS, Burmester JK, Sporn MB. Role of transforming growth factor-β in maintenance of function of cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes: autocrine action and reversal of damaging effects of interleukin-1. J Clin Invest. 1992;90: 2056-2062.
67. Balligand J-L, Ungureanu D, Kelly RA, Kobzik L, Pimental D, Michel T, Smith TW. Abnormal contractile function due to induction of nitric oxide synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes follows exposure to activated macrophage-conditioned medium. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:2314-2319.
68. Brady AJB, Poole-Wilson PA, Harding SE, Warren JB. Nitric oxide production within cardiac myocytes reduces their contractility in endotoxemia. Am J Physiol. 1992;263:H1963-H1966.
69. Balligand J-L, Ungureanu-Longrois D, Simmons WW, Pimental D, Malinski TA, Kapturczak M, Taha Z, Lowenstein CJ, Davidoff AJ, Kelly RA, Smith TW, Michel T. Cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in cardiac myocytes: characterization and regulation of iNOS expression and detection of iNOS activity in single cardiac myocytes in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:27580-27588.
70. i and cell contraction in cultured chick ventricular myocytes. Circ Res. 1994;75:285-295.
71. Tsujino M, Hirata Y, Imai T, Kanno K, Eguchi S, Ito H, Marumo F. Induction of nitric oxide synthase gene by interleukin-1β in cultured rat cardiocytes. Circulation. 1994;90:375-383.
72. Ungureanu-Longrois D, Balligand J-L, Simmons WW, Okada I, Kobzik L, Lowenstein CJ, Kunkel SL, Michel T, Kelly RA, Smith TW. Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity by cytokines in ventricular myocytes is necessary but not sufficient to decrease contractile responsiveness to β-adrenergic agonists. Circ Res. 1995; 77:494-502.
73. Evans HG, Lewis MJ, Shah AM. Interleukin-1β modulates myocardial contraction via dexamethasone-sensitive production of nitric oxide. Cardiovasc Res. 1993;27:1486-1490.
74. Oddis CV, Simmons RL, Hattler BG, Finkel MS, Chronotropic effects of cytokines and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NMMA, on cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994;205: 992-997.
75. Harding P, Carretero OA, LaPointe MC. Effects of interleukin-1β and nitric oxide on cardiac myocytes. Hypertension. 1995;25: 421-430.
76. Shindo T, Ikeda U, Ohkawa F, Kawahara Y, Yokoyama M, Shimada K. Nitric oxide synthesis in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts by inflammatory cytokines. Cardiovasc Res. 1995;29:813-819.
77. Balligand J-L, Ungureanu-Longrois D, Simmons WW, Kobzik L, Lowenstein CJ, Lamas S, Kelly RA, Smith TW, Michel T. Induction of NO synthase in rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells by IL-1β and IFN-γ Am J Physiol. 1995;268:H1293-H1303.
78. Russell ME, Wallace AF, Wyner LR, Newell JB, Karnovsky MJ. Upregulation and modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat cardiac allografts with chronic rejection and transplant arteriosclerosis. Circulation. 1995;92:457-464.
79. Worrall NK, Lazenby WD, Misko TP, Lin T-S, Rodi CP, Manning FT, Tilton RG, Williamson JR, Ferguson TB Jr. Modulation of in vivo alloreactivity by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Exp Med. 1995;181:63-70.
80. Yang X, Chowdhury N, Cai B, Brett J, Marboe C, Sciacca M, Michler RE, Cannon PJ. Induction of myocardial nitric oxide synthase by cardiac allograft rejection. J Clin Invest. 1994;94:714-721.
81. Farivar RS, Chobanian AV, Brecher P. Salicylate or aspirin inhibits the induction of the inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Circ Res. 1996;78:759-768.
82. Shindo T, Ikeda U, Ohkawa F, Kawahara Y, Yokoyama M, Shimada K. Nitric oxide synthesis in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts by inflammatory cytokines. Cardiovasc Res. 1995;29:813-819.
83. Malinski T, Taha Z. Nitric oxide release from a single cell measured in situ by a porphyrinic-based microsensor. Nature. 1992; 358:676-623.
84. Singh K, Balligand J-L, Fischer TA, Smith TW, Kelly RA. Regulation of cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes and microvascular endothelial cells: role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/ERK2)and STAT1α. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:1-7.
85. Spink J, Cohen J, Evans TJ. The cytokine responsive vascular smooth muscle cell enhancer of inducible nitric oxide synthase: activation by nuclear factor-κB. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:29541-29547.
86. Chu SC, Wu H-P, Banks TC, Eissa NT, Moss J. Structural diversity in the 5′-untranslated region of cytokine-stimulated human inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:10625-10630.
87. McKenna TM, Li S, Tao S. PKC mediates LPS- and phorbol-induced cardiac cell nitric oxide synthase activity and hypocontractility. Am J Physiol. 1995;269:H1891-H1898.
88. DeVera ME, Shapiro RA, Nussler AK, Mudgett JS, Simmons RL, Morris SM Jr, Billiar TR, Geller DA. Transcriptional regulation of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) gene by cytokines: initial analysis of the human NOS2 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:1054-1059.
89. Ikeda U, Maeda Y, Kawahara Y, Yokoyama M, Shimada K. Angiotensin II augments cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes. Circulation. 1995;92:2683-2689.
90. Ikeda U, Murakami Y, Kanbe T, Shimada K. α-Adrenergic stimulation enhances inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in rat cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1996;28:789-795.
91. Oddis CV, Simmons RL, Hattler BG, Finkel MS. cAMP enhances inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA stability in cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 1995;269:H2044-H2050.
92. Ikeda U, Yamamoto K, Ichida M, Ohkawa F, Murata M, Iimura O, Kusano E, Asano Y, Shimada K. Cyclic AMP augments cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1996;28:789-795.
93. LaPointe MC, Sitkins JR. Mechanisms of interleukin-1β regulation of nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes. Hypertension. 1996; 27:709-714.
94. Granger DL, Hibbs JB Jr, Perfect JR, Durack DT. Metabolic fate of L-arginine in relation to microbiostatic capability of murine macrophages. J Clin Invest. 1990;85:264-273.
95. Singh K, Balligand J-L, Fischer TA, Smith TW, Kelly RA. Glucocorticoids increase osteopontin expression in cardiac myocytes and microvascular endothelial cells: role in regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:28471-28478.
96. Murry CE, Giachelli CM, Schwartz SM, Vracko R. Macrophages express osteopontin during repair of myocardial necrosis. Am J Pathol. 1994;145:1450-1462.
97. Hwang S-M, Lopez CA, Heck DE, Gardner CR, Laskin DL, Laskin JD, Denhardt DT. Osteopontin inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase gene expression by inflammatory mediators in mouse kidney epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:711-715.
98. Smith JA, Shah AM, Lewis MJ. Factors released from the endocardium of the ferret and the pig modulate myocardial contraction. J Physiol (Lond). 1991;439:1-14.
99. Schulz R, Smith JA, Lewis MJ, Moncada S. Nitric oxide synthesis in cultured endocardial cells of the pig. Br J Pharmacol. 1991; 104:21-24.
100. Reiling N, Ulmer AJ, Duchrow M, Ernst M, Flad H-D, Hauschildt S. Nitric oxide synthase: mRNA expression of different isoforms in human monocytes/macrophages. Eur J Immunol. 1994;24: 1941-1944.
101. Sase K, Michel T. Expression of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human blood platelets. Life Sci. 1995;57:2049-2055.
102. 2+ current in adult rabbit atrioventricular nodal cells. Circ Res. 1996; 78:998-1008.
103. Balligand J-L, Kelly RA, Marsden PA, Smith TW, Michel T. Control of cardiac muscle cell function by an endogenous nitric oxide signalling system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:347-351.
104. Seki T, Hagiwara H, Naruse K, Kadowaki M, Kashiwagi M, Demura H, Hirose S, Naruse M. In situ identification of messenger RNA of endothelial type nitric oxide synthase in rat cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996;218:601-605.
105. Wei C-M, Jiang S-W, Lust JA, Daly RC, McGregor CGA. Genetic expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human atrial myocardium. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996;71:346-350.
106. Flowers MA, Wang Y, Stewart RJ, Patel B, Marsden PA. Reciprocal regulation of endothelin-1 and endothelial constitutive NOS in proliferating endothelial cells. Am J Physiol. 1995;269:H1988-H1997.
107. Robinson LJ, Weremowicz S, Morton CC, Michel T. Isolation and chromosomal localization of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene. Genomics. 1994;19:350-357.
108. Zhang R, Min W, Sessa WC. Functional analysis of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter: SP1 and GATA factors are necessary for basal transcription in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:15320-15326.
109. Wariishi S, Miyahara K, Toda K, Ogoshi S, Doi Y, Ohnishi S, Mitsui Y, Yui Y, Kawai C, Shizuta Y. A SP1 binding site in the GC-rich region is essential for a core promoter activity of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995;216:729-735.
110. Liao JK, Zulueta JJ, Yu F-S, Peng H-B, Cote CG, Hassoun PM. Regulation of bovine endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase by oxygen. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:2661-2666.
111. Belhassen L, Kelly RA, Smith TW, Balligand J-L. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) and contractile responsiveness to adrenergic and cholinergic agonists in the heart: regulation of NOS3 transcription in vitro and in vivo by cAMP in rat cardiac myocytes. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:1908-1915.
112. Kaye DM, Wiviott SD, Balligand J-L, Simmons WW, Smith TW, Kelly RA. Frequency-dependent activation of a constitutive nitric oxide synthase and regulation of contractile function in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Circ Res. 1996;78:217-224.
113. Hattler BG, Oddis CV, Zeevi A, Luss H, Shah N, Geller DA, Billiar TR, Simmons RL, Finkel MS. Regulation of constitutive nitric ox- ide synthase activity by the human heart. Am J Cardiol. 1995; 76:957-959.
114. de AJ, Radomski MW, Why HJF, Richardson PJ, Bucknall CA, Salas E, Martin JF, Moncada S. Nitric oxide synthase activities in human myocardium. Lancet. 1993;341:84-85.
115. de Belder AJ, Radomski MW, Why HJ, Richardson PJ, Martin JF. Myocardial calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase activity is present in dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and postpartum cardiomyopathy but not in ischemic or valvar heart disease. Br Heart J. 1995;74:426-430.
116. de Belder AJ, Radomski MW, Martin JF, Moncada S. Nitric oxide and the pathogenesis of heart muscle disease. Eur J Clin Invest. 1995;25:1-8.
117. Thoenes M, Forstermann U, Tracey WR, Bleese NM, Nussler AK, Scholz H, Stein B. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in failing and non-failing human heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1996; 28:165-169.
118. Lewis NP, Tsao PS, Rickenbacher PR, Xue C, Johns RA, Haywood GA, von der Leyen H, Trindade PT, Cooke JP, Hunt SA, Billingham ME, Valantine HA, Fowler MB. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in the human cardiac allograft is associated with contractile dysfunction of the left ventricle. Circulation. 1996;93:720-729.
119. Benvenuti C, Bories PN, Loisance D. Increased serum nitrate concentration in cardiac transplant patients. Transplantation. 1996;61: 745-749.
120. Haywood GA, Tsao PS, von der Leyen HE, Mann MJ, Keeling PJ, Trindade PT, Lewis NP, Byrne CD, Rickenbacher PR, Bishopric NH, Cooke JP, McKenna WJ, Fowler MB. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human heart failure. Circulation. 1996;93: 1087-1094.
121. Pyo RT, Wahler GM. Ventricular myocytes isolated from rejecting cardiac allografts exhibit a reduced β-adrenergic contractile response. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995;27:773-776.
122. Ungureanu-Longrois D, Balligand J-L, Okada I, Simmons WW, Kobzik L, Lowenstein CJ, Kunkel SL, Michel T, Kelly RA, Smith TW. Contractile responsiveness of ventricular myocytes to isoproterenol is regulated by induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in heterotypic primary culture. Circ Res. 1995;77:486-493.
123. Schulz R, Panas DL, Catena R, Moncada S, Olley PM, Lopaschuk GD. The role of nitric oxide in cardiac depression induced by interieukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Br J Pharmacol. 1995; 114:27-34.
124. Tao S, McKenna TM. In vitro endotoxin exposure induces contractile dysfunction in adult rat cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 1994; 267:H1745-H1752.
125. Gardiner SM, Kemp PA, March JE, Bennett T. Cardiac and regional hemodynamics, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and the effects of NOS inhibitors in conscious, endotoxemic rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1995;116:2005-2016.
126. Decking UKM, Flesche CW, Godecke A, Schrader J. Endotoxin-induced contractile dysfunction in guinea pig hearts is not mediated by nitric oxide. Am J Physiol. 1995;268:H2460-H2465.
127. Ungureanu-Longrois D, Balligand J-L, Kelly RA, Smith TW. Myocardial contractile dysfunction in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome: role of a cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995;27:155-167.
128. Pinsky DJ, Cai B, Yang X, Rodriguez C, Sciacca RR, Cannon PJ. The lethal effects of cytokine-induced nitric oxide on cardiac myocytes are blocked by nitric oxide synthase antagonism or transforming growth factor β. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:677-685.
129. Pinsky DJ, Yang Y, Aji W, Szabolcs M, Liao H, Sciacca RR, Cannon PJ. Nitric oxide induces apoptosis of adult rat cardiac myocytes. Circulation. 1995;92(suppl I):I-565. Abstract.
130. Lancaster JR Jr, Langrehr JM, Bergonia HA, Murase N, Simmons RL, Hoffman RA. EPR detection of heme and nonheme iron-containing protein nitrosylation by nitric oxide during rejection of rat heart allograft. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:10994-10998.
131. Winlaw DS, Schyvens CG, Smythe GA, Du Z, Rainer SP, Keogh AM, Lord RSA, Spratt PM, MacDonald PS. Urinary nitrate excretion is a non-invasive indicator of acute cardiac allograft rejection and nitric oxide production in the rat. Transplantation. 1994;58: 1031-1036.
132. Winlaw DS, Schyvens CG, Smythe GA, Du Z, Rainer SP, Lord RSA, Spratt PM, MacDonald PS. Selective inhibition of NO production during cardiac allograft rejection causes a small increase in graft survival. Transplantation. 1995;60:77-81.
133. Kuo PC, Alfrey EJ, Krieger NR, Abe KY, Huie P, Sibley RK, Dafoe DC. Differential localization of allograft nitric oxide synthesis: com- parison of liver and heart transplantation in the rat model. Immunology. 1996;87:647-653.
134. Worrall NK, Chang K, Suau GM, Allison WS, Misko TP, Sullivan PM, Tilton RG, Williamson JR, Ferguson TB Jr. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents graft and systemic vascular barrier dysfunction during early cardiac allograft rejection. Circ Res. 1996;78:769-779.
135. Worrall NK, Misko TP, Sullivan PM, Hui JJ, Rodi CP, Ferguson TB. Corticosteroids inhibit expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase during acute cardiac allograft rejection. Transplantation. 1996;61:324-328.
136. Russell ME, Hancock WW, Akalin E, Wallace AF, Glysing-Jensen T, Willett TA, Sayegh MH. Chronic cardiac rejection in the LEW to F344 rat model: blockade of CD28-B7 costimulation by CTLA4lg modulates T cell and macrophage activation and attenuates arteriosclerosis. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:833-838.
137. Nathan C. Natural resistance and nitric oxide. Cell. 1995;82: 873-876.
138. Karupiah G, Harris N. Inhibition of viral replication by nitric oxide and its reversal by ferrous sulfate and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites. J Exp Med. 1995;181:2171-2179.
139. Pacelli R, Wink DA, Cook JA, Krishna MC, DeGraff W, Friedman N, Tsokos M, Samuni A, Mitchell JB. Nitric oxide potentiates hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of Escherichia coli. J Exp Med. 1995;182:1469-1479.
140. Mannick JB, Asano K, Izumi K, Kieff E, Stamler JS. Nitric oxide produced by human B lymphocytes inhibits apoptosis and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. Cell. 1995;79:1137-1146.
141. Wei X-Q, Charles IG, Smith A, Ure J, Feng G-J, Huang F, Xu D, Muller W, Moncada S, Liew FY. Altered immune responses in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. Nature. 1995;375:408-411.
142. MacMicking JD, Nathan C, Horn G, Chartrain N, Fletcher DS, Trumbauer M, Stevens K, Xie Q, Sokol K, Hutchinson N, Chen H, Mudgett JS. Altered responses to bacterial infection and endotoxic shock in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. Cell. 1995; 81:641-650.
143. Lowenstein CJ, Hill SL, Lafond-Walker A, Wu J, Allen G, Landavere M, Rose NR, Herskowitz A. Nitric oxide inhibits viral replication in murine myocarditis. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:1837-1843.
144. De Caterina R, Libby P, Peng H-B, Thannickal VJ, Rajavashisth TB, Gimbrone MA Jr, Shin WS, Liao JK. Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation: nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:60-68.
145. Kubes P, Suzuki M, Granger DN. Nitric oxide: an endogenous modulator of leukocyte adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991; 88:4651-4655.
146. Kubes P, Kurose I, Granger DN. NO donors prevent integrin-induced leukocyte adhesion, but not P-selectin-dependent rolling in postischemic venules. Am J Physiol. 1989;257:G683-G688.
147. Kubes P, Granger DN. Nitric oxide modulates microvascular permeability. Am J Physiol. 1992;262:H611-H615.
148. Niu X, Smith CW, Kubes P. Intracellular oxidative stress induced by nitric oxide synthesis inhibition increases endothelial cell adhesion to neutrophils. Circ Res. 1994;74:1133-1140.
149. Rubanyi GM, Ho EH, Cantor EH, Lumma WC, Parker Botelho LH. Cytoprotective function of nitric oxide: inactivation of Superoxide radicals produced by human leukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991;181:1392-1397.
150. Kupatt C, Zahler S, Seligmann C, Massoudy P, Becker BF, Gerlach E. Nitric oxide mitigates leukocyte adhesion and vascular leak after myocardial ischemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1996;28:643-654.
151. Pabla R, Buda AJ, Flynn DM, Blessé SA, Shin AM, Curtis MJ, Lefer DJ. Nitric oxide attenuates neutrophil-mediated myocardial contractile dysfunction after ischemia and reperfusion. Circ Res. 1996;78:65-72.
152. Pinsky DJ, Oz MC, Koga S, Taha Z, Broekman MJ, Marcus AJ, Liao H, Naka Y, Brett J, Cannon PJ, Nowygrod R, Malinski T, Stern DM. Cardiac preservation is enhanced in a heterotopic rat transplant model by supplementing the nitric oxide pathway. J Clin Invest. 1994;93:2291-2297.
153. Guo FH, DeRaeve HR, Rice TW, Stuehr DJ, Thunnissen FBJM, Erzurum SC. Continuous nitric oxide synthesis by inducible nitric oxide synthase in normal human airway epithelium in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92:7809-7813.
154. Green SJ. Nitric oxide in mucosal immunity. Nature Med. 1995;1: 515-517.
155. Finkel MS, Oddis CV, Mayer OH, Hattler BG, Simmons RL. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor alters papillary muscle force-frequency relationship. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995;272:945-952.
156. 2+ in intact cardiac myocytes. Circ Res. 1994;74:970-978.
157. Keaney JF Jr, Hare JM, Balligand J-L, Kelly RA, Loscalzo J, Smith TW, Colucci WS. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase augments myocardial contractile responses to β-adrenergic stimulation. Am J Physiol. In press.
158. G-monomethyl-L-arginine and nitroarginine potentiate presser responsiveness of vasoconstrictors in conscious rats. Am J Physiol. 1992;262:R1137-R1144.
159. Gomez Llambi H, Manni F, LaPadula P, Carretero OA, Taquini CM. Myocardial contractility is modulated by angiotensin II via nitric oxide. Hypertension. 1996;27:704-708.
160. Hare JM, Loh E, Creager MA, Colucci WS. Nitric oxide inhibits the positive inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation in humans with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 1995;92: 2198-2203.
161. Kanai AJ, Mesaros S, Finkel MS, Oddis DV, Strauss HC, Malinski T. Nitric oxide release measured directly with a porphyrinic microsensor reveals adrenergic control of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes. Circulation. 1995;92(suppl I):I-563. Abstract.
162. Weyrich AS, Ma X, Buerke M, Murohara T, Armstead VE, Lefer AM, Nicolas JM, Thomas AP, Lefer DJ, Vinten-Johansen J. Physiological concentrations of nitric oxide do not elicit an acute negative inotropic effect in unstimulated cardiac muscle. Circ Res. 1994;75:692-700.
163. MacDonell KL, Tibbits GF, Diamond J. cGMP elevation does not mediate muscarinic agonist-induced negative inotropy in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol. 1995;269:H1905-H1912.
164. Han X, Shimoni Y, Giles WR. An obligatory role for nitric oxide in
165. Han X, Shimoni Y, Giles WR. A cellular mechanism for nitric oxide-mediated cholinergic control of mammalian heart rate. J Gen Physiol. 1995;106:45-65.
166. 2+-dependent constitutive nitric oxide synthase is not involved in the cyclic GMP-increasing effects of carbachol in ventricular cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1993;266:919-925.
167. KACh. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:29059-29062.
168. Zakharov SI, Pieramici S, Kumar GK, Prabhakar NR, Harvey RD. Nitric oxide synthase activity in guinea pig ventricular myocytes is not involved in muscarinic inhibition of cAMP-regulated ion channels. Circ Res. 1996;78:925-935.
169. 2+ current mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in atrial myocytes. Circ Res. 1995;76:634-644.
170. Méry P-F, Hove-Madsen L, Chesnais J-M, Hartzell HC, Fischmeister R. Nitric oxide synthase does not participate in negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine in frog heart. Am J Physiol. 1996;270:H1178-H1188.
171. 2+ current in rat ventricular myocytes. Circ Res. 1995;77:803-812.
172. Mubagwa K, Shirayama T, Moreau M, Pappano AJ. Effects of PDE inhibitors and carbachol on the L-type Ca current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol. 1993;264:H1353-H1363.
173. Wahler GM, Dollinger SJ. Nitric oxide donor SIN-1 inhibits mammalian cardiac calcium current through cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Am J Physiol. 1995;268:C45-C54.
174. 2+ current is regulated by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in mammalian cardiac myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991;88:1197-1201.
175. 2+ current: involvement of cGMP-inhibited and cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterases through guanylyl cyclase activation. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:26286-26295.
176. Kirstein M, Rivet-Bastide M, Hatem S, Benardeau A, Mercadier J-J, Fischmeister R. Nitric oxide regulates the calcium current in isolated human atrial myocytes. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:794-802.
177. Hare JM, Keaney JF Jr, Balligand J-L, Loscalzo J, Smith TW, Colucci WS. Role of nitric oxide in parasympathetic modulation of β-adrenergic myocardial contractility in normal dogs. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:360-366.
178. Felder CC. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: signal transduction through multiple effectors. FASEB J. 1995;9:619-625.
179. Sterin-Borda L, Echague AV, Leiros CP, Genaro A, Borda E. Endogenous nitric oxide signalling system and the cardiac muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-inotropic response. Br J Pharmacol. 1995; 115:1525-1531.
180. + currents in frog cardiac myocytes. J Gen Physiol. 1994;104: 941-959.
181. Yang CM, Chen F-F, Sung T-C, Hsu H-F, Wu D. Pharmacological characterization of muscarinic receptors in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol. 1993;265:C666-C673.
182. Aprigliano O, Pak E, Robinson RB, Steinberg SF. Beta-receptor subtypes differ in their susceptibility to accentuated antagonism by muscarinic agonists. Circulation. 1995;92(suppl I):I-237. Abstract.
183. 2+ influx. J Neurosci. 1996;16:1702-1709.
184. Martynyuk AE, Kane KA, Cobbe SM, Rankin AC. Nitric oxide mediates the anti-adrenergic effect of adenosine on calcium current in isolated rabbit atrioventricular nodal cells. Pflugers Arch. 1996; 431:452-457.
185. Finkel MS, Oddis CV, Jacob TD, Watkins SC, Hattler BG, Simmons RL. Negative inotropic effects of cytokines on the heart mediated by nitric oxide. Science. 1992;257:387-389.
186. Goldhaber JI, Kim KH, Weiss JN. Tumor necrosis factor-α causes acute reduction of myofilament calcium responsiveness in isolated myocytes. Circulation. 1995;92(suppl I):I-240. Abstract.
187. Yokoyama T, Vaca L, Rossen RD, Durante W, Hazarika P, Mann DL. Cellular basis for the negative inotropic effects of tumor necrosis factor-α in the adult mammalian heart. J Clin Invest. 1993; 92:2303-2312.
188. 2+ current by interleukin-1β in cultured rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol. 1995;268:C339-C349.
189. Smith JA, Shah AM, Lewis MJ. Factors released from endocardium of the ferret and pig modulate myocardial contraction. J Physiol (Lond). 1991;439:1-14.
190. Grocott-Mason R, Anning P, Evans H, Lewis MJ, Shah AM. Modulation of left ventricular relaxation in isolated ejecting heart by endogenous nitric oxide. Am J Physiol. 1994;267:H1804-H1813.
191. Grocott-Mason R, Fort S, Lewis MJ, Shah AM. Myocardial relaxant effect of exogenous nitric oxide in isolated ejecting hearts. Am J Physiol. 1994;266:H1699-H1705.
192. Brady AJB, Warren JB, Poole-Wilson PA, Williams TJ, Harding SE. Nitric oxide attenuates cardiac myocyte contraction. Am J Physiol. 1993;265:H176-H182.
193. Paulus WJ, Vantrimpont PJ, Shah AM. Paracrine coronary endothelial control of left ventricular function in humans. Circulation. 1995;92:2119-2126.
194. Paulus WJ, Vantrimpont PJ, Shah AM. Acute effects of nitric oxide on left ventricular relaxation and diastolic distensibility in humans: assessment of bicoronary sodium nitroprusside infusion. Circulation. 1994;89:2070-2078.
195. Loscalzo J, Welch G. Nitric oxide and its role in the cardiovascular system. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1995;38:87-104.
196. Feelisch M, Stamler JS. Donors of nitrogen oxides. In: Feelisch M, Stamler JS, eds. Nitric Oxide. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1996:69-114.
197. MacAllister RJ, Calver AL, Riezebos J, Collier J, Vallance P. Relative potency and arteriovenous selectivity of nitrovasodilators on human blood vessels: an insight into the targeting of nitric oxide delivery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995;273:154-160.
198. Kojda G, Kottenberg K, Nix P, Schluter KD, Piper HM, Noack E. Low increase in cGMP induced by organic nitrates and nitrovasodilators improves contractile response of rat ventricular myocytes. Circ Res. 1996;78:91-101.
199. Mohan P, Brutsaert DL, Paulus WJ, Sys SU. Myocardial contractile response to nitric oxide and cGMP. Circulation. 1996;93: 1223-1229.
200. Beckman JS, Chen J, Ischirupoulos H, Crow JH. Oxidative chemistry of peroxynitrite. Methods Enzymol. 1994;233:229-240.
201. Hogg N, Singh RJ, Kalyanaraman B. The role of glutathione in the transport and catabolism of nitric oxide. FEBS Lett. 1996;382: 223-228.
202. Goldstein S, Czapski G. Mechanism of the nitrosation of thiols and amines by oxygenated NO solutions: the nature of the nitrosating intermediates. J Am Chem Soc. 1996;118:3419-3425.
203. + channels. Circ Res. 1995;76:325-334.
204. Schweizer M, Richter C. Nitric oxide potently and reversibly deenergizes mitochondria at low oxygen tension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994;204:169-175.
205. Brown GC, Cooper CE. Nanomolar concentrations of nitric oxide reversibly inhibit synaptosomal respiration by competing with oxygen at cytochrome oxidases. FEBS Lett. 1994;356:295-298.
206. Castro L, Rodriguez M, Radi R. Aconitase is readily inactivated by peroxynitrite, but not by its precursor, nitric oxide. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:29409-29415.
207. Hausladen A, Fridovich K. Superoxide and peroxynitrite inactivate aconitases, but nitric oxide does not. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:29405-29408.
208. McDonald LJ, Moss J. Stimulation by nitric oxide of an NAD linkage to glyceraidehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:6238-6241.
209. Mohr S, Stamler JS, Brune B. Posttranslational modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by S-nitrosylation and subsequent NADH attachment. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:4209-4214.
210. Torres J, Darley-Usmar V, Wilson MT. Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in turnover by nitric oxide: mechanism and implications for control of respiration. Biochem J. 1995;312:169-173.
211. Bouton C, Raveau M, Drapier J-C. Modulation of iron regulatory protein functions: further insights into the role of nitrogen- and oxygen-derived reactive species. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:2300-2306.
212. Poderoso JJ, Carreras MC, Lisdero C, Riobo N, Schopfer F, Boveris A. Nitric oxide inhibits electron transfer and increases Superoxide radical production in rat heart mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996;328:85-92.
213. Shen W, Xu X, Ochoa M, Zhao G, Wolin MS, Hintze TH. Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of oxygen consumption in conscious dogs. Circ Res. 1994;75:1086-1095.
214. Shen W, Hintze TH, Wolin MS. Nitric oxide: an important signaling mechanism between vascular endothelium and parenchymal cells in the regulation of oxygen consumption. Circulation. 1995;92:3505-3512.
215. Oddis CV, Finkel MS. Cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide production inhibits mitochondrial activity in cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995;213:1002-1009.
216. Bates TE, Loesch A, Burnstock G, Clark JB. Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase: a ubiquitous regulator of oxidative phosphorylation? Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996;218:40-44.
217. Bernstein R, Shen W, Xu X, Hintze TH. Nitro-L-arginine (NLA) decreases myocardial oxygen consumption in response to isoproterenol infusion in awake dogs. Circulation. 1994;90(suppl 1):I-104. Abstract.
218. 2 consumption and coronary blood flow at comparable levels of double and triple product. Circulation. 1994;90(suppl I):I-104. Abstract.
219. Saeki A, Recchia FA, Senzaki H, Kass DA. Minimal role of nitric oxide in basal coronary flow regulation and cardiac energetics of blood-perfused isolated canine heart. J Physiol (Lond). 1996;491: 455-463.
220. Sadoff JD, Scholz PM, Weiss HR. Endogenous basal nitric oxide production does not control myocardial oxygen consumption or function. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1996;211:332-338.
221. Gross WL, Bak MI, Ingwall JS, Arstall MA, Balligand J-L, Smith TW, Kelly RA. Nitric oxide regulates rat heart contractile reserve and inhibits creatine kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93: 5604-5609.
222. Boekstegers P, Kainz I, Giehrl W, Peter W, Werdan K. Subchronic exposure of cardiomyocytes to low concentrations of tumor necrosis factor or attenuates the positive inotropic response not only to catecholamines but also to cardiac glycosides and high calcium concentrations. Mol Cell Biochem. 1996;156:135-143.
223. David M, Petricoin E III, Benjamin C, Pine R, Weber MJ, Larner AC. Requirement for MAP kinase (ERK2) activity in interferon-α-and interferon β-stimulated gene expression through STAT proteins. Science. 1995;269:1721-1723.
224. Scheinman RI, Cogswell PC, Lofquist AK, Baldwin AS Jr. Role of transcriptional activation of IκBα in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids. Science. 1995;270:283-286.
225. Auphan N, DeDonato JA, Rosette C, Helmberg A, Karin M. Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: Inhibition of NF-κB activity through induction of IκB synthesis. Science. 1995;270:286-290.
226. Kunz D, Walker G, Eberhardt W, Pfeilschifter J. Molecular mechanisms of dexamethasone inhibition of nitric oxide synthase expression in interleukin 1β-stimulated mesangial cells: evidence for the involvement of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:255-259.
227. Kleinert H, Euchenhofer C, Ihrig-Biedert I, Forstermann U. Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase II by down-regulating cytokine-induced activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. Mol Pharmacol. 1996;49:15-21.
228. Habib FM, Springall DR, Davies GJ, Oakley CM, Yacoub MH, Polak JM. Tumour necrosis factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase in dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 1996;347:1151-1155.
229. Oddis CV, Simmons RL, Hattler BG, Finkel MS. Protein kinase A activation is required for IL-1 induced nitric oxide production by cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:C429-C434.
230. Oddis CV, Finkel MS. NF-κB and GTP cyclohydrolase regulate cytokine-induced nitric oxide production by cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 1996;270:H1864-H1868.
231. Simmons WW, Ungureanu-Longrois D, Smith GK, Smith TW, Kelly RA. Glucocorticoids regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) by inhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis and L-arginine transport. J Biol Chem. In press.
232. Garcia-Cardena G, Oh P, Liu J, Schnitzer JE, Sessa WC. Targeting of nitric oxide synthase to endothelial cell caveolae via palmitoylation: implications for nitric oxide signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:6448-6453.