메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 377, Issue 4-6, 2008, Pages 269-281

Candidate gene polymorphisms predicting individual sensitivity to opioids

Author keywords

Genetic polymorphisms; Interindividual differences; Mu opioid receptor; Opioid sensitivity

Indexed keywords

ABC TRANSPORTER; ADENOSINE RECEPTOR; ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BUPRENORPHINE; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR; CARRIER PROTEIN; CODEINE; CYTOCHROME P450; CYTOCHROME P450 1A2; CYTOCHROME P450 2B6; CYTOCHROME P450 2C19; CYTOCHROME P450 2C8; CYTOCHROME P450 2D6; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4; CYTOCHROME P450 3A5; DIHYDROCODEINE; FENTANYL; GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE; HISTAMINE RECEPTOR; HYDROCODONE; METHADONE; MORPHINE; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR; NOCICEPTIN RECEPTOR; OPIATE; OPIATE RECEPTOR; OXYCODONE; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; TRAMADOL; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 45849109198     PISSN: 00281298     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0205-3     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (40)

References (174)
  • 1
    • 0023701349 scopus 로고
    • Morphine-6-glucuronide: Analgesic effects and receptor binding profile in rats
    • Abbott FV, Palmour RM (1988) Morphine-6-glucuronide: analgesic effects and receptor binding profile in rats. Life Sci 43:1685-1695
    • (1988) Life Sci , vol.43 , pp. 1685-1695
    • Abbott, F.V.1    Palmour, R.M.2
  • 2
    • 33745205621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of an Asn40Asp (A118G) polymorphism in the μ-opioid receptor gene with substance dependence: A meta-analysis
    • Arias A, Feinn R, Kranzler HR (2006) Association of an Asn40Asp (A118G) polymorphism in the μ-opioid receptor gene with substance dependence: a meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 83:262-268
    • (2006) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.83 , pp. 262-268
    • Arias, A.1    Feinn, R.2    Kranzler, H.R.3
  • 3
    • 0015045833 scopus 로고
    • Cumulative effect or independent effect?
    • Bailey DW (1971) Cumulative effect or independent effect? Transplantation 11:419-422
    • (1971) Transplantation , vol.11 , pp. 419-422
    • Bailey, D.W.1
  • 4
    • 3042781389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantial attributable risk related to a functional mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism in association with heroin addiction in central Sweden
    • Bart G, Heilig M, LaForge KS, Pollak L, Leal SM, Ott J, Kreek MJ (2004) Substantial attributable risk related to a functional mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism in association with heroin addiction in central Sweden. Mol Psychiatry 9:547-549
    • (2004) Mol Psychiatry , vol.9 , pp. 547-549
    • Bart, G.1    Heilig, M.2    Laforge, K.S.3    Pollak, L.4    Leal, S.M.5    Ott, J.6    Kreek, M.J.7
  • 5
    • 12344265724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased attributable risk related to a functional μ-opioid receptor gene polymorphism in association with alcohol dependence in central Sweden
    • Bart G, Kreek MJ, Ott J, LaForge KS, Proudnikov D, Pollak L, Heilig M (2005) Increased attributable risk related to a functional μ-opioid receptor gene polymorphism in association with alcohol dependence in central Sweden. Neuropsychopharmacology 30:417-422
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 417-422
    • Bart, G.1    Kreek, M.J.2    Ott, J.3    Laforge, K.S.4    Proudnikov, D.5    Pollak, L.6    Heilig, M.7
  • 6
    • 0037143440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor attenuates morphine reinforcement and withdrawal but not morphine analgesia
    • Basile AS, Fedorova I, Zapata A, Liu X, Shippenberg T, Duttaroy A, Yamada M, Wess J (2002) Deletion of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor attenuates morphine reinforcement and withdrawal but not morphine analgesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:11452-11457
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 11452-11457
    • Basile, A.S.1    Fedorova, I.2    Zapata, A.3    Liu, X.4    Shippenberg, T.5    Duttaroy, A.6    Yamada, M.7    Wess, J.8
  • 7
    • 0035793631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single nucleotide polymorphic mutation in the human μ-opioid receptor severely impairs receptor signaling
    • Befort K, Filliol D, Decaillot FM, Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Hoehe MR, Kieffer BL (2001) A single nucleotide polymorphic mutation in the human μ-opioid receptor severely impairs receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 276:3130-3137
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 3130-3137
    • Befort, K.1    Filliol, D.2    Decaillot, F.M.3    Gaveriaux-Ruff, C.4    Hoehe, M.R.5    Kieffer, B.L.6
  • 8
    • 1842774417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidate gene studies of human pain mechanisms: Methods for optimizing choice of polymorphisms and sample size
    • Belfer I, Wu T, Kingman A, Krishnaraju RK, Goldman D, Max MB (2004) Candidate gene studies of human pain mechanisms: methods for optimizing choice of polymorphisms and sample size. Anesthesiology 100:1562-1572
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.100 , pp. 1562-1572
    • Belfer, I.1    Wu, T.2    Kingman, A.3    Krishnaraju, R.K.4    Goldman, D.5    Max, M.B.6
  • 10
    • 2042527666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the A118G polymorphism on binding affinity, potency and agonist-mediated endocytosis, desensitization, and resensitization of the human mu-opioid receptor
    • Beyer A, Koch T, Schroder H, Schulz S, Hollt V (2004) Effect of the A118G polymorphism on binding affinity, potency and agonist-mediated endocytosis, desensitization, and resensitization of the human mu-opioid receptor. J Neurochem 89:553-560
    • (2004) J Neurochem , vol.89 , pp. 553-560
    • Beyer, A.1    Koch, T.2    Schroder, H.3    Schulz, S.4    Hollt, V.5
  • 11
    • 0033645752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic polymorphism of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) at amino acid 268: Ethnic diversity of alleles and potential clinical significance
    • Bhasker CR, McKinnon W, Stone A, Lo AC, Kubota T, Ishizaki T, Miners JO (2000) Genetic polymorphism of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) at amino acid 268: ethnic diversity of alleles and potential clinical significance. Pharmacogenetics 10:679-685
    • (2000) Pharmacogenetics , vol.10 , pp. 679-685
    • Bhasker, C.R.1    McKinnon, W.2    Stone, A.3    Lo, A.C.4    Kubota, T.5    Ishizaki, T.6    Miners, J.O.7
  • 14
    • 0034671185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiated opioid analgesia in norepinephrine transporter knock-out mice
    • Bohn LM, Xu F, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG (2000a) Potentiated opioid analgesia in norepinephrine transporter knock-out mice. J Neurosci 20:9040-9045
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 9040-9045
    • Bohn, L.M.1    Xu, F.2    Gainetdinov, R.R.3    Caron, M.G.4
  • 15
    • 0034619796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • μ-Opioid receptor desensitization by β-arrestin-2 determines morphine tolerance but not dependence
    • Bohn LM, Gainetdinov RR, Lin FT, Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG (2000b) μ-Opioid receptor desensitization by β-arrestin-2 determines morphine tolerance but not dependence. Nature 408:720-723
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 720-723
    • Bohn, L.M.1    Gainetdinov, R.R.2    Lin, F.T.3    Lefkowitz, R.J.4    Caron, M.G.5
  • 16
    • 0036895747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential mechanisms of morphine antinociceptive tolerance revealed in βarrestin-2 knock-out mice
    • Bohn LM, Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG (2002) Differential mechanisms of morphine antinociceptive tolerance revealed in βarrestin-2 knock-out mice. J Neurosci 22:10494-10500
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 10494-10500
    • Bohn, L.M.1    Lefkowitz, R.J.2    Caron, M.G.3
  • 19
    • 0141432124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an active transport of morphine-6-β-d-glucuronide but not P-glycoprotein-mediated at the blood-brain barrier
    • Bourasset F, Cisternino S, Temsamani J, Scherrmann JM (2003) Evidence for an active transport of morphine-6-β-d-glucuronide but not P-glycoprotein-mediated at the blood-brain barrier. J Neurochem 86:1564-1567
    • (2003) J Neurochem , vol.86 , pp. 1564-1567
    • Bourasset, F.1    Cisternino, S.2    Temsamani, J.3    Scherrmann, J.M.4
  • 20
    • 0027221177 scopus 로고
    • Synthetic and natural opiates interact with P-glycoprotein in multidrug-resistant cells
    • Callaghan R, Riordan JR (1993) Synthetic and natural opiates interact with P-glycoprotein in multidrug-resistant cells. J Biol Chem 268:16059-16064
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 16059-16064
    • Callaghan, R.1    Riordan, J.R.2
  • 21
    • 0030432381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetic determination of the effects of codeine and prediction of drug interactions
    • Caraco Y, Sheller J, Wood AJ (1996) Pharmacogenetic determination of the effects of codeine and prediction of drug interactions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 278:1165-1174
    • (1996) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.278 , pp. 1165-1174
    • Caraco, Y.1    Sheller, J.2    Wood, A.J.3
  • 22
    • 33947180383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral effects of morphine and cocaine in M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice
    • Carrigan KA, Dykstra LA (2007) Behavioral effects of morphine and cocaine in M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice. Psychopharmacology 191:985-993
    • (2007) Psychopharmacology , vol.191 , pp. 985-993
    • Carrigan, K.A.1    Dykstra, L.A.2
  • 23
    • 33746608902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human opioid receptor A118G polymorphism affects intravenous patient-controlled analgesia morphine consumption after total abdominal hysterectomy
    • Chou WY, Wang CH, Liu PH, Liu CC, Tseng CC, Jawan B (2006) Human opioid receptor A118G polymorphism affects intravenous patient-controlled analgesia morphine consumption after total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesthesiology 105:334-337
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.105 , pp. 334-337
    • Chou, W.Y.1    Wang, C.H.2    Liu, P.H.3    Liu, C.C.4    Tseng, C.C.5    Jawan, B.6
  • 24
    • 33745258231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous orphanin FQ/nociceptin is involved in the development of morphine tolerance
    • Chung S, Pohl S, Zeng J, Civelli O, Reinscheid RK (2006) Endogenous orphanin FQ/nociceptin is involved in the development of morphine tolerance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318:262-267
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.318 , pp. 262-267
    • Chung, S.1    Pohl, S.2    Zeng, J.3    Civelli, O.4    Reinscheid, R.K.5
  • 25
    • 0032563259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperalgesia in mice lacking the Kv1.1 potassium channel gene
    • Clark JD, Tempel BL (1998) Hyperalgesia in mice lacking the Kv1.1 potassium channel gene. Neurosci Lett 251:121-124
    • (1998) Neurosci Lett , vol.251 , pp. 121-124
    • Clark, J.D.1    Tempel, B.L.2
  • 28
    • 0023884310 scopus 로고
    • Bioactivation of the narcotic drug codeine in human liver is mediated by the polymorphic monooxygenase catalyzing debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation (cytochrome P-450 dbl/bufI)
    • Dayer P, Desmeules J, Leemann T, Striberni R (1988) Bioactivation of the narcotic drug codeine in human liver is mediated by the polymorphic monooxygenase catalyzing debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation (cytochrome P-450 dbl/bufI). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 152:411-416
    • (1988) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.152 , pp. 411-416
    • Dayer, P.1    Desmeules, J.2    Leemann, T.3    Striberni, R.4
  • 29
    • 0034917716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily
    • Dean M, Rzhetsky A, Allikmets R (2001) The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. Genome Res 11:1156-1166
    • (2001) Genome Res , vol.11 , pp. 1156-1166
    • Dean, M.1    Rzhetsky, A.2    Allikmets, R.3
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0031746749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Same incidence of adverse drug events after codeine administration irrespective of the genetically determined differences in morphine formation
    • Eckhardt K, Li S, Ammon S, Schanzle G, Mikus G, Eichelbaum M (1998) Same incidence of adverse drug events after codeine administration irrespective of the genetically determined differences in morphine formation. Pain 76:27-33
    • (1998) Pain , vol.76 , pp. 27-33
    • Eckhardt, K.1    Li, S.2    Ammon, S.3    Schanzle, G.4    Mikus, G.5    Eichelbaum, M.6
  • 34
    • 0032903876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methadone N-demethylation in human liver microsomes: Lack of stereoselectivity and involvement of CYP3A4
    • Foster DJ, Somogyi AA, Bochner F (1999) Methadone N-demethylation in human liver microsomes: lack of stereoselectivity and involvement of CYP3A4. Br J Clin Pharmacol 47:403-412
    • (1999) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 403-412
    • Foster, D.J.1    Somogyi, A.A.2    Bochner, F.3
  • 36
    • 0028862793 scopus 로고
    • Dihydrocodeine: A new opioid substrate for the polymorphic CYP2D6 in humans
    • Fromm MF, Hofmann U, Griese EU, Mikus G (1995) Dihydrocodeine: a new opioid substrate for the polymorphic CYP2D6 in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 58:374-382
    • (1995) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.58 , pp. 374-382
    • Fromm, M.F.1    Hofmann, U.2    Griese, E.U.3    Mikus, G.4
  • 37
    • 1642451166 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and crystallization of bound morphine from urine of human addicts
    • Fujimoto JM, Way EL (1957) Isolation and crystallization of bound morphine from urine of human addicts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 121:340-346
    • (1957) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.121 , pp. 340-346
    • Fujimoto, J.M.1    Way, E.L.2
  • 39
    • 0347383736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereoselective metabolism of methadone N-demethylation by cytochrome P4502B6 and 2C19
    • Gerber JG, Rhodes RJ, Gal J (2004) Stereoselective metabolism of methadone N-demethylation by cytochrome P4502B6 and 2C19. Chirality 16:36-44
    • (2004) Chirality , vol.16 , pp. 36-44
    • Gerber, J.G.1    Rhodes, R.J.2    Gal, J.3
  • 40
    • 0000029885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous drug delivery systems
    • 5 Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone Philadelphia
    • Glass PSA, Shafer SL, Reves JG (2000) Intravenous drug delivery systems. In: Miller RD (ed) Miller's anesthesia, 5th edn. Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, pp 377-411
    • (2000) Miller's Anesthesia , pp. 377-411
    • Glass, P.S.A.1    Shafer, S.L.2    Reves, J.G.3    Miller, R.D.4
  • 43
    • 33744462848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracisternal A-particle element in the 3′ noncoding region of the mu-opioid receptor gene in CXBK mice: A new genetic mechanism underlying differences in opioid sensitivity
    • Han W, Kasai S, Hata H, Takahashi T, Takamatsu Y, Yamamoto H, Uhl GR, Sora I, Ikeda K (2006) Intracisternal A-particle element in the 3′ noncoding region of the mu-opioid receptor gene in CXBK mice: a new genetic mechanism underlying differences in opioid sensitivity. Pharmacogenet Genomics 16:451-460
    • (2006) Pharmacogenet Genomics , vol.16 , pp. 451-460
    • Han, W.1    Kasai, S.2    Hata, H.3    Takahashi, T.4    Takamatsu, Y.5    Yamamoto, H.6    Uhl, G.R.7    Sora, I.8    Ikeda, K.9
  • 44
    • 0031456765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of codeine, ethylmorphine, and their metabolites: Relation to the CYP2D6 activity
    • Hedenmalm K, Sundgren M, Granberg K, Spigset O, Dahlqvist R (1997) Urinary excretion of codeine, ethylmorphine, and their metabolites: relation to the CYP2D6 activity. Ther Drug Monit 19:643-649
    • (1997) Ther Drug Monit , vol.19 , pp. 643-649
    • Hedenmalm, K.1    Sundgren, M.2    Granberg, K.3    Spigset, O.4    Dahlqvist, R.5
  • 46
    • 28644431822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphine reward in dopamine-deficient mice
    • Hnasko TS, Sotak BN, Palmiter RD (2005) Morphine reward in dopamine-deficient mice. Nature 438:854-857
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 854-857
    • Hnasko, T.S.1    Sotak, B.N.2    Palmiter, R.D.3
  • 47
    • 0034703870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variability and candidate gene analysis in complex disease: Association of μ opioid receptor gene variation with substance dependence
    • Hoehe MR, Kopke K, Wendel B, Rohde K, Flachmeier C, Kidd KK, Berrettini WH, Church GM (2000) Sequence variability and candidate gene analysis in complex disease: association of μ opioid receptor gene variation with substance dependence. Hum Mol Genet 9:2895-2908
    • (2000) Hum Mol Genet , vol.9 , pp. 2895-2908
    • Hoehe, M.R.1    Kopke, K.2    Wendel, B.3    Rohde, K.4    Flachmeier, C.5    Kidd, K.K.6    Berrettini, W.H.7    Church, G.M.8
  • 49
    • 0036373740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphine glucuronide-to-morphine plasma ratios are unaffected by the UGT2B7 H268Y and UGT1A1*28 polymorphisms in cancer patients on chronic morphine therapy
    • Holthe M, Klepstad P, Zahlsen K, Borchgrevink PC, Hagen L, Dale O, Kaasa S, Krokan HE, Skorpen F (2002) Morphine glucuronide-to-morphine plasma ratios are unaffected by the UGT2B7 H268Y and UGT1A1*28 polymorphisms in cancer patients on chronic morphine therapy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 58:353-356
    • (2002) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.58 , pp. 353-356
    • Holthe, M.1    Klepstad, P.2    Zahlsen, K.3    Borchgrevink, P.C.4    Hagen, L.5    Dale, O.6    Kaasa, S.7    Krokan, H.E.8    Skorpen, F.9
  • 50
    • 0037251316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variations in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) gene: Identification of 10 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analysis of their relevance to morphine glucuronidation in cancer patients
    • Holthe M, Rakvag TN, Klepstad P, Idle JR, Kaasa S, Krokan HE, Skorpen F (2003) Sequence variations in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) gene: identification of 10 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analysis of their relevance to morphine glucuronidation in cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics J 3:17-26
    • (2003) Pharmacogenomics J , vol.3 , pp. 17-26
    • Holthe, M.1    Rakvag, T.N.2    Klepstad, P.3    Idle, J.R.4    Kaasa, S.5    Krokan, H.E.6    Skorpen, F.7
  • 51
    • 1542359666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 involvement in the primary oxidative metabolism of hydrocodone by human liver microsomes
    • Hutchinson MR, Menelaou A, Foster DJ, Coller JK, Somogyi AA (2004) CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 involvement in the primary oxidative metabolism of hydrocodone by human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 57:287-297
    • (2004) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.57 , pp. 287-297
    • Hutchinson, M.R.1    Menelaou, A.2    Foster, D.J.3    Coller, J.K.4    Somogyi, A.A.5
  • 53
    • 0032846612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique behavioural phenotypes of recombinant-inbred CXBK mice: Partial deficiency of sensitivity to μ- And κ-agonists
    • Ikeda K, Ichikawa T, Kobayashi T, Kumanishi T, Oike S, Yano R (1999) Unique behavioural phenotypes of recombinant-inbred CXBK mice: partial deficiency of sensitivity to μ- and κ-agonists. Neurosci Res 34:149-155
    • (1999) Neurosci Res , vol.34 , pp. 149-155
    • Ikeda, K.1    Ichikawa, T.2    Kobayashi, T.3    Kumanishi, T.4    Oike, S.5    Yano, R.6
  • 54
    • 0034282114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K (GIRK) channels in opioid-induced analgesia
    • Ikeda K, Kobayashi T, Kumanishi T, Niki H, Yano R (2000) Involvement of G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K (GIRK) channels in opioid-induced analgesia. Neurosci Res 38:113-116
    • (2000) Neurosci Res , vol.38 , pp. 113-116
    • Ikeda, K.1    Kobayashi, T.2    Kumanishi, T.3    Niki, H.4    Yano, R.5
  • 55
    • 0035866094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The untranslated region of μ-opioid receptor mRNA contributes to reduced opioid sensitivity in CXBK mice
    • Ikeda K, Kobayashi T, Ichikawa T, Kumanishi T, Niki H, Yano R (2001) The untranslated region of μ-opioid receptor mRNA contributes to reduced opioid sensitivity in CXBK mice. J Neurosci 21:1334-1339
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 1334-1339
    • Ikeda, K.1    Kobayashi, T.2    Ichikawa, T.3    Kumanishi, T.4    Niki, H.5    Yano, R.6
  • 57
    • 79959524146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A haplotype map of the human genome
    • International HapMap Consortium
    • International HapMap Consortium (2005) A haplotype map of the human genome. Nature 437:1299-1320
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 1299-1320
  • 58
    • 33244494176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NrCAM in addiction vulnerability: Positional cloning, drug-regulation, haplotype-specific expression, and altered drug reward in knockout mice
    • Ishiguro H, Liu QR, Gong JP, Hall FS, Ujike H, Morales M, Sakurai T, Grumet M, Uhl GR (2006) NrCAM in addiction vulnerability: positional cloning, drug-regulation, haplotype-specific expression, and altered drug reward in knockout mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 31:572-584
    • (2006) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.31 , pp. 572-584
    • Ishiguro, H.1    Liu, Q.R.2    Gong, J.P.3    Hall, F.S.4    Ujike, H.5    Morales, M.6    Sakurai, T.7    Grumet, M.8    Uhl, G.R.9
  • 59
    • 0029610306 scopus 로고
    • The WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain management: Stepping up the quality of its evaluation
    • Jadad AR, Browman GP (1995) The WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain management: stepping up the quality of its evaluation. JAMA 274:1870-1873
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 1870-1873
    • Jadad, A.R.1    Browman, G.P.2
  • 62
    • 0025365455 scopus 로고
    • Morphine and oxycodone hydrochloride in the management of cancer pain
    • Kalso E, Vainio A (1990) Morphine and oxycodone hydrochloride in the management of cancer pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 47:639-646
    • (1990) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.47 , pp. 639-646
    • Kalso, E.1    Vainio, A.2
  • 64
    • 0035836437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphine tolerance and dependence in nociceptin/orphanin FQ transgenic knock-out mice
    • Kest B, Hopkins E, Palmese CA, Chen ZP, Mogil JS, Pintar JE (2001) Morphine tolerance and dependence in nociceptin/orphanin FQ transgenic knock-out mice. Neuroscience 104:217-222
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.104 , pp. 217-222
    • Kest, B.1    Hopkins, E.2    Palmese, C.A.3    Chen, Z.P.4    Mogil, J.S.5    Pintar, J.E.6
  • 65
    • 0029417155 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in molecular recognition and signal transduction of active peptides: Receptors for opioid peptides
    • Kieffer BL (1995) Recent advances in molecular recognition and signal transduction of active peptides: receptors for opioid peptides. Cell Mol Neurobiol 15:615-635
    • (1995) Cell Mol Neurobiol , vol.15 , pp. 615-635
    • Kieffer, B.L.1
  • 66
    • 0036095186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the opioid system by gene knockout
    • Kieffer BL, Gavériaux-Ruff C (2002) Exploring the opioid system by gene knockout. Prog Neurobiol 66:285-306
    • (2002) Prog Neurobiol , vol.66 , pp. 285-306
    • Kieffer, B.L.1    Gavériaux-Ruff, C.2
  • 69
    • 0035478403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of opioid analgesia in dopamine2 receptor knock-out mice: Evidence for a tonically active anti-opioid system
    • King MA, Bradshaw S, Chang AH, Pintar JE, Pasternak GW (2001) Potentiation of opioid analgesia in dopamine2 receptor knock-out mice: evidence for a tonically active anti-opioid system. J Neurosci 21:7788-7792
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 7788-7792
    • King, M.A.1    Bradshaw, S.2    Chang, A.H.3    Pintar, J.E.4    Pasternak, G.W.5
  • 70
    • 0030661633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of dihydrocodeine
    • Kirkwood LC, Nation RL, Somogyi AA (1997) Characterization of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of dihydrocodeine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 44:549-555
    • (1997) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 549-555
    • Kirkwood, L.C.1    Nation, R.L.2    Somogyi, A.A.3
  • 71
  • 72
    • 0038206633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences on serum concentrations of morphine, M6G and M3G during routine clinical drug monitoring: A prospective survey in 300 adult cancer patients
    • Klepstad P, Dale O, Kaasa S, Zahlsen K, Aamo T, Fayers P, Borchgrevink PC (2003) Influences on serum concentrations of morphine, M6G and M3G during routine clinical drug monitoring: a prospective survey in 300 adult cancer patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 47:725-731
    • (2003) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.47 , pp. 725-731
    • Klepstad, P.1    Dale, O.2    Kaasa, S.3    Zahlsen, K.4    Aamo, T.5    Fayers, P.6    Borchgrevink, P.C.7
  • 76
    • 0027219695 scopus 로고
    • Primary structure and functional expression of a rat G-protein-coupled muscarinic potassium channel
    • Kubo Y, Reuveny E, Slesinger PA, Jan YN, Jan LY (1993) Primary structure and functional expression of a rat G-protein-coupled muscarinic potassium channel. Nature 364:802-806
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 802-806
    • Kubo, Y.1    Reuveny, E.2    Slesinger, P.A.3    Jan, Y.N.4    Jan, L.Y.5
  • 77
    • 0030774527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fentanyl metabolism by human hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4: Implications for interindividual variability in disposition, efficacy, and drug interactions
    • Labroo RB, Paine MF, Thummel KE, Kharasch ED (1997) Fentanyl metabolism by human hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4: implications for interindividual variability in disposition, efficacy, and drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 25:1072-1080
    • (1997) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.25 , pp. 1072-1080
    • Labroo, R.B.1    Paine, M.F.2    Thummel, K.E.3    Kharasch, E.D.4
  • 78
    • 1842536807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative contribution of CYP2D6 and CYP3A to oxycodone metabolism in human liver and intestinal microsomes
    • Lalovic B, Phillips B, Risler LL, Howald W, Shen DD (2004) Quantitative contribution of CYP2D6 and CYP3A to oxycodone metabolism in human liver and intestinal microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 32:447-454
    • (2004) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.32 , pp. 447-454
    • Lalovic, B.1    Phillips, B.2    Risler, L.L.3    Howald, W.4    Shen, D.D.5
  • 83
    • 33751164658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase gene deletion affects morphine responses
    • Li S, Lee ML, Bruchas MR, Chan GC, Storm DR, Chavkin C (2006) Calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase gene deletion affects morphine responses. Mol Pharmacol 70:1742-1749
    • (2006) Mol Pharmacol , vol.70 , pp. 1742-1749
    • Li, S.1    Lee, M.L.2    Bruchas, M.R.3    Chan, G.C.4    Storm, D.R.5    Chavkin, C.6
  • 84
    • 0142154246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heme oxygenase type 2 modulates behavioral and molecular changes during chronic exposure to morphine
    • Liang D, Li X, Lighthall G, Clark JD (2003) Heme oxygenase type 2 modulates behavioral and molecular changes during chronic exposure to morphine. Neuroscience 121:999-1005
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.121 , pp. 999-1005
    • Liang, D.1    Li, X.2    Lighthall, G.3    Clark, J.D.4
  • 85
    • 34248599016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The β2 adrenergic receptor regulates morphine tolerance and physical dependence
    • Liang DY, Shi X, Li X, Li J, Clark JD (2007) The β2 adrenergic receptor regulates morphine tolerance and physical dependence. Behav Brain Res 181:118-126
    • (2007) Behav Brain Res , vol.181 , pp. 118-126
    • Liang, D.Y.1    Shi, X.2    Li, X.3    Li, J.4    Clark, J.D.5
  • 87
    • 31344436195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phospholipase Cβ1 modulates pain sensitivity, opioid antinociception and opioid tolerance formation
    • Liu NJ, vonGizycki H, Gintzler AR (2006) Phospholipase Cβ1 modulates pain sensitivity, opioid antinociception and opioid tolerance formation. Brain Res 1069:47-53
    • (2006) Brain Res , vol.1069 , pp. 47-53
    • Liu, N.J.1    Vongizycki, H.2    Gintzler, A.R.3
  • 88
    • 0032031040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • μ Opioid receptor knockout in mice: Effects on ligand-induced analgesia and morphine lethality
    • Loh HH, Liu HC, Cavalli A, Yang W, Chen YF, Wei LN (1998) μ Opioid receptor knockout in mice: effects on ligand-induced analgesia and morphine lethality. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 54:321-326
    • (1998) Brain Res Mol Brain Res , vol.54 , pp. 321-326
    • Loh, H.H.1    Liu, H.C.2    Cavalli, A.3    Yang, W.4    Chen, Y.F.5    Wei, L.N.6
  • 89
  • 90
    • 0036152705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The polymorphism A118G of the human mu-opioid receptor gene decreases the pupil constrictory effect of morphine-6-glucuronide but not that of morphine
    • Lötsch J, Skarke C, Grösch S, Darimont J, Schmidt H, Geisslinger G (2002) The polymorphism A118G of the human mu-opioid receptor gene decreases the pupil constrictory effect of morphine-6-glucuronide but not that of morphine. Pharmacogenetics 12:3-9
    • (2002) Pharmacogenetics , vol.12 , pp. 3-9
    • Lötsch, J.1    Skarke, C.2    Grösch, S.3    Darimont, J.4    Schmidt, H.5    Geisslinger, G.6
  • 91
    • 30344473318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the central nervous effects of levomethadone by genetic polymorphisms potentially affecting its metabolism, distribution, and drug action
    • Lötsch J, Skarke C, Wieting J, Oertel BG, Schmidt H, Brockmöller J, Geisslinger G (2006) Modulation of the central nervous effects of levomethadone by genetic polymorphisms potentially affecting its metabolism, distribution, and drug action. Clin Pharmacol Ther 79:72-89
    • (2006) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.79 , pp. 72-89
    • Lötsch, J.1    Skarke, C.2    Wieting, J.3    Oertel, B.G.4    Schmidt, H.5    Brockmöller, J.6    Geisslinger, G.7
  • 93
    • 0037147624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperalgesia and blunted morphine analgesia in G protein-gated potassium channel subunit knockout mice
    • Marker CL, Cintora SC, Roman MI, Stoffel M, Wickman K (2002) Hyperalgesia and blunted morphine analgesia in G protein-gated potassium channel subunit knockout mice. Neuroreport 13:2509-2513
    • (2002) Neuroreport , vol.13 , pp. 2509-2513
    • Marker, C.L.1    Cintora, S.C.2    Roman, M.I.3    Stoffel, M.4    Wickman, K.5
  • 94
    • 1642290744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal G-protein-gated K+ channels formed by GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits modulate thermal nociception and contribute to morphine analgesia
    • Marker CL, Stoffel M, Wickman K (2004) Spinal G-protein-gated K+ channels formed by GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits modulate thermal nociception and contribute to morphine analgesia. J Neurosci 24:2806-2812
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 2806-2812
    • Marker, C.L.1    Stoffel, M.2    Wickman, K.3
  • 95
    • 0033777338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine, but not morphine, induces conditioned place preference and sensitization to locomotor responses in CB1 knockout mice
    • Martin M, Ledent C, Parmentier M, Maldonado R, Valverde O (2000) Cocaine, but not morphine, induces conditioned place preference and sensitization to locomotor responses in CB1 knockout mice. Eur J Neurosci 12:4038-4046
    • (2000) Eur J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 4038-4046
    • Martin, M.1    Ledent, C.2    Parmentier, M.3    Maldonado, R.4    Valverde, O.5
  • 97
    • 0033606451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioids in pain management
    • McQuay H (1999) Opioids in pain management. Lancet 353:2229-2232
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 2229-2232
    • McQuay, H.1
  • 98
    • 0026090170 scopus 로고
    • Forensic drug testing for opiates. II. Metabolism and excretion rate of morphine in humans after morphine administration
    • Mitchell JM, Paul BD, Welch P, Cone EJ (1991) Forensic drug testing for opiates. II. Metabolism and excretion rate of morphine in humans after morphine administration. J Anal Toxicol 15:49-53
    • (1991) J Anal Toxicol , vol.15 , pp. 49-53
    • Mitchell, J.M.1    Paul, B.D.2    Welch, P.3    Cone, E.J.4
  • 99
    • 0037422558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of GIRK2-mediated postsynaptic signaling to opiate and α2-adrenergic analgesia and analgesic sex differences
    • Mitrovic I, Margeta-Mitrovic M, Bader S, Stoffel M, Jan LY, Basbaum AI (2003) Contribution of GIRK2-mediated postsynaptic signaling to opiate and α2-adrenergic analgesia and analgesic sex differences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:271-276
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 271-276
    • Mitrovic, I.1    Margeta-Mitrovic, M.2    Bader, S.3    Stoffel, M.4    Jan, L.Y.5    Basbaum, A.I.6
  • 102
    • 33747064653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced antinociceptive effects of morphine in histamine H2 receptor gene knockout mice
    • Mobarakeh JI, Takahashi K, Sakurada S, Kuramasu A, Yanai K (2006) Enhanced antinociceptive effects of morphine in histamine H2 receptor gene knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 51:612-622
    • (2006) Neuropharmacology , vol.51 , pp. 612-622
    • Mobarakeh, J.I.1    Takahashi, K.2    Sakurada, S.3    Kuramasu, A.4    Yanai, K.5
  • 103
    • 0031670702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic studies of pain
    • Mogil JS, Grisel JE (1998) Transgenic studies of pain. Pain 77:107-128
    • (1998) Pain , vol.77 , pp. 107-128
    • Mogil, J.S.1    Grisel, J.E.2
  • 107
    • 0036224193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of morphine-6-glucuronide to antinociception following intravenous administration of morphine to healthy volunteers
    • Murthy BR, Pollack GM, Brouwer KL (2002) Contribution of morphine-6-glucuronide to antinociception following intravenous administration of morphine to healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 42:569-576
    • (2002) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 569-576
    • Murthy, B.R.1    Pollack, G.M.2    Brouwer, K.L.3
  • 108
    • 0034636497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rewarding effects of opiates are absent in mice lacking the receptor for substance P
    • Murtra P, Sheasby AM, Hunt SP, De Felipe C (2000) Rewarding effects of opiates are absent in mice lacking the receptor for substance P. Nature 405:180-183
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 180-183
    • Murtra, P.1    Sheasby, A.M.2    Hunt, S.P.3    De Felipe, C.4
  • 110
    • 0037322568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evidence for the functional role of dopamine D3 receptor in the morphine-induced rewarding effect and hyperlocomotion
    • Narita M, Mizuo K, Mizoguchi H, Sakata M, Narita M, Tseng LF, Suzuki T (2003) Molecular evidence for the functional role of dopamine D3 receptor in the morphine-induced rewarding effect and hyperlocomotion. J Neurosci 23:1006-1012
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 1006-1012
    • Narita, M.1    Mizuo, K.2    Mizoguchi, H.3    Sakata, M.4    Narita, M.5    Tseng, L.F.6    Suzuki, T.7
  • 111
    • 20744436488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implication of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in the development of psychological dependence on and behavioral sensitization to morphine
    • Narita M, Shibasaki M, Nagumo Y, Narita M, Yajima Y, Suzuki T (2005) Implication of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in the development of psychological dependence on and behavioral sensitization to morphine. J Neurochem 93:1463-1468
    • (2005) J Neurochem , vol.93 , pp. 1463-1468
    • Narita, M.1    Shibasaki, M.2    Nagumo, Y.3    Narita, M.4    Yajima, Y.5    Suzuki, T.6
  • 113
    • 0037115025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissociation of opiate tolerance and physical dependence in delta-opioid receptor-1 and preproenkephalin knock-out mice
    • Nitsche JF, Schuller AG, King MA, Zengh M, Pasternak GW, Pintar JE (2002) Genetic dissociation of opiate tolerance and physical dependence in delta-opioid receptor-1 and preproenkephalin knock-out mice. J Neurosci 22:10906-10913
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 10906-10913
    • Nitsche, J.F.1    Schuller, A.G.2    King, M.A.3    Zengh, M.4    Pasternak, G.W.5    Pintar, J.E.6
  • 114
    • 0032541091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of antinociception induced by naloxone benzoylhydrazone in nociceptin receptor-knockout mice
    • Noda Y, Mamiya T, Nabeshima T, Nishi M, Higashioka M, Takeshima H (1998) Loss of antinociception induced by naloxone benzoylhydrazone in nociceptin receptor-knockout mice. J Biol Chem 273:18047-18051
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 18047-18051
    • Noda, Y.1    Mamiya, T.2    Nabeshima, T.3    Nishi, M.4    Higashioka, M.5    Takeshima, H.6
  • 116
    • 0014914405 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of drugs: LXIX. Studies on the urinary metabolites of morphine in several mammalian species
    • Oguri K, Ida S, Yoshimura H, Tsukamoto H (1970) Metabolism of drugs: LXIX. Studies on the urinary metabolites of morphine in several mammalian species. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 18:2414-2419
    • (1970) Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) , vol.18 , pp. 2414-2419
    • Oguri, K.1    Ida, S.2    Yoshimura, H.3    Tsukamoto, H.4
  • 117
    • 33144478267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of noradrenergic signaling by the nucleus tractus solitarius in mediating opiate reward
    • Olson VG, Heusner CL, Bland RJ, During MJ, Weinshenker D, Palmiter RD (2006) Role of noradrenergic signaling by the nucleus tractus solitarius in mediating opiate reward. Science 311:1017-1020
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 1017-1020
    • Olson, V.G.1    Heusner, C.L.2    Bland, R.J.3    During, M.J.4    Weinshenker, D.5    Palmiter, R.D.6
  • 118
    • 1542768293 scopus 로고
    • Analgesic activity of morphine-6-glucuronide
    • 8589
    • Osborne R, Joel S, Trew D, Slevin M (1988) Analgesic activity of morphine-6-glucuronide. Lancet 1(8589):828
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 828
    • Osborne, R.1    Joel, S.2    Trew, D.3    Slevin, M.4
  • 120
    • 29344466700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The analgesic efficacy of partial opioid agonists is increased in mice with targeted inactivation of the α2A-adrenoceptor gene
    • Özdoǧan UK, Lähdesmäki J, Scheinin M (2006) The analgesic efficacy of partial opioid agonists is increased in mice with targeted inactivation of the α2A-adrenoceptor gene. Eur J Pharmacol 529:105-113
    • (2006) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.529 , pp. 105-113
    • Özdoǧan, U.K.1    Lähdesmäki, J.2    Scheinin, M.3
  • 121
    • 0242288066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No effect of MDR1 C3435T variant on loperamide disposition and central nervous system effects
    • Pauli-Magnus C, Feiner J, Brett C, Lin E, Kroetz DL (2003) No effect of MDR1 C3435T variant on loperamide disposition and central nervous system effects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 74:487-498
    • (2003) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.74 , pp. 487-498
    • Pauli-Magnus, C.1    Feiner, J.2    Brett, C.3    Lin, E.4    Kroetz, D.L.5
  • 123
    • 0030472254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codeine and morphine in extensive and poor metabolizers of sparteine: Pharmacokinetics, analgesic effect and side effects
    • Poulsen L, Brøsen K, Arendt-Nielsen L, Gram LF, Elbaek K, Sindrup SH (1996) Codeine and morphine in extensive and poor metabolizers of sparteine: pharmacokinetics, analgesic effect and side effects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 51:289-295
    • (1996) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.51 , pp. 289-295
    • Poulsen, L.1    Brøsen, K.2    Arendt-Nielsen, L.3    Gram, L.F.4    Elbaek, K.5    Sindrup, S.H.6
  • 124
    • 0141631451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 as the major cytochrome P450 s responsible for morphine N-demethylation in human liver microsomes
    • Projean D, Morin PE, Tu TM, Ducharme J (2003) Identification of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 as the major cytochrome P450 s responsible for morphine N-demethylation in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica 33:841-854
    • (2003) Xenobiotica , vol.33 , pp. 841-854
    • Projean, D.1    Morin, P.E.2    Tu, T.M.3    Ducharme, J.4
  • 125
    • 20444451123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Val158Met polymorphism of the human catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene may influence morphine requirements in cancer pain patients
    • Rakvåg TT, Klepstad P, Baar C, Kvam TM, Dale O, Kaasa S, Krokan HE, Skorpen F (2005) The Val158Met polymorphism of the human catechol-O- methyltransferase (COMT) gene may influence morphine requirements in cancer pain patients. Pain 116:73-78
    • (2005) Pain , vol.116 , pp. 73-78
    • Rakvåg, T.T.1    Klepstad, P.2    Baar, C.3    Kvam, T.M.4    Dale, O.5    Kaasa, S.6    Krokan, H.E.7    Skorpen, F.8
  • 126
    • 34249794271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring joint effects of genes and the clinical efficacy of morphine for cancer pain: OPRM1 and COMT gene
    • Reyes-Gibby CC, Shete S, Rakvåg T, Bhat SV, Skorpen F, Bruera E, Kaasa S, Klepstad P (2007) Exploring joint effects of genes and the clinical efficacy of morphine for cancer pain: OPRM1 and COMT gene. Pain 130:25-30
    • (2007) Pain , vol.130 , pp. 25-30
    • Reyes-Gibby, C.C.1    Shete, S.2    Rakvåg, T.3    Bhat, S.V.4    Skorpen, F.5    Bruera, E.6    Kaasa, S.7    Klepstad, P.8
  • 127
    • 0036951193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of self-administration and behavioural sensitisation to morphine, but not cocaine, in mice lacking NK1 receptors
    • Ripley TL, Gadd CA, De Felipe C, Hunt SP, Stephens DN (2002) Lack of self-administration and behavioural sensitisation to morphine, but not cocaine, in mice lacking NK1 receptors. Neuropharmacology 43:1258-1268
    • (2002) Neuropharmacology , vol.43 , pp. 1258-1268
    • Ripley, T.L.1    Gadd, C.A.2    De Felipe, C.3    Hunt, S.P.4    Stephens, D.N.5
  • 129
    • 0031038038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome P450 2D6 variants in a Caucasian population: Allele frequencies and phenotypic consequences
    • Sachse C, Brockmoller J, Bauer S, Roots I (1997) Cytochrome P450 2D6 variants in a Caucasian population: allele frequencies and phenotypic consequences. Am J Hum Genet 60:284-295
    • (1997) Am J Hum Genet , vol.60 , pp. 284-295
    • Sachse, C.1    Brockmoller, J.2    Bauer, S.3    Roots, I.4
  • 134
    • 0028825399 scopus 로고
    • Absence of the mdr1a P-glycoprotein in mice affects tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone, digoxin, and cyclosporin a
    • Schinkel AH, Wagenaar E, van Deemter L, Mol CA, Borst P (1995) Absence of the mdr1a P-glycoprotein in mice affects tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone, digoxin, and cyclosporin A. J Clin Invest 96:1698-1705
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 1698-1705
    • Schinkel, A.H.1    Wagenaar, E.2    Van Deemter, L.3    Mol, C.A.4    Borst, P.5
  • 136
    • 0036548042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variations in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) associated with human addiction to heroin
    • Shi J, Hui L, Xu Y, Wang F, Huang W, Hu G (2002) Sequence variations in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) associated with human addiction to heroin. Hum Mutat 19:459-460
    • (2002) Hum Mutat , vol.19 , pp. 459-460
    • Shi, J.1    Hui, L.2    Xu, Y.3    Wang, F.4    Huang, W.5    Hu, G.6
  • 138
    • 0032481350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the κ-opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain, impairs pharmacological actions of the selective κ-agonist U-50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal
    • Simonin F, Valverde O, Smadja C, Slowe S, Kitchen I, Dierich A, Le Meur M, Roques BP, Maldonado R, Kieffer BL (1998) Disruption of the κ-opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain, impairs pharmacological actions of the selective κ-agonist U-50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal. EMBO J 17:886-897
    • (1998) EMBO J , vol.17 , pp. 886-897
    • Simonin, F.1    Valverde, O.2    Smadja, C.3    Slowe, S.4    Kitchen, I.5    Dierich, A.6    Le Meur, M.7    Roques, B.P.8    Maldonado, R.9    Kieffer, B.L.10
  • 140
    • 0037261291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic effects of morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide in a transcutaneous electrical pain model in healthy volunteers
    • Skarke C, Darimont J, Schmidt H, Geisslinger G, Lötsch J (2003a) Analgesic effects of morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide in a transcutaneous electrical pain model in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 73:107-121
    • (2003) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.73 , pp. 107-121
    • Skarke, C.1    Darimont, J.2    Schmidt, H.3    Geisslinger, G.4    Lötsch, J.5
  • 141
    • 1242349778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ABCB1 (multidrug resistance transporter) gene mutations on disposition and central nervous effects of loperamide in healthy volunteers
    • Skarke C, Jarrar M, Schmidt H, Kauert G, Langer M, Geisslinger G, Lotsch J (2003b) Effects of ABCB1 (multidrug resistance transporter) gene mutations on disposition and central nervous effects of loperamide in healthy volunteers. Pharmacogenetics 13:651-660
    • (2003) Pharmacogenetics , vol.13 , pp. 651-660
    • Skarke, C.1    Jarrar, M.2    Schmidt, H.3    Kauert, G.4    Langer, M.5    Geisslinger, G.6    Lotsch, J.7
  • 142
    • 0025006485 scopus 로고
    • Morphine-3-glucuronide: A potent antagonist of morphine analgesia
    • Smith MT, Watt JA, Cramond T (1990) Morphine-3-glucuronide: a potent antagonist of morphine analgesia. Life Sci 47:579-585
    • (1990) Life Sci , vol.47 , pp. 579-585
    • Smith, M.T.1    Watt, J.A.2    Cramond, T.3
  • 143
    • 0037430912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophin-4 is required for tolerance to morphine in the mouse
    • Smith DJ, Leil TA, Liu X (2003) Neurotrophin-4 is required for tolerance to morphine in the mouse. Neurosci Lett 340:103-106
    • (2003) Neurosci Lett , vol.340 , pp. 103-106
    • Smith, D.J.1    Leil, T.A.2    Liu, X.3
  • 146
    • 34250614223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol enantiomers in different CYP2D6 genotypes
    • Stamer UM, Musshoff F, Kobilay M, Madea B, Hoeft A, Stuber F (2007) Concentrations of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol enantiomers in different CYP2D6 genotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 82:41-47
    • (2007) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.82 , pp. 41-47
    • Stamer, U.M.1    Musshoff, F.2    Kobilay, M.3    Madea, B.4    Hoeft, A.5    Stuber, F.6
  • 148
    • 0035826743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and Chinese heroin addicts
    • Szeto CY, Tang NL, Lee DT, Stadlin A (2001) Association between mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and Chinese heroin addicts. Neuroreport 12:1103-1106
    • (2001) Neuroreport , vol.12 , pp. 1103-1106
    • Szeto, C.Y.1    Tang, N.L.2    Lee, D.T.3    Stadlin, A.4
  • 149
    • 0038637894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and heroin dependence in Asian populations
    • Tan EC, Tan CH, Karupathivan U, Yap EP (2003) Mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and heroin dependence in Asian populations. Neuroreport 14:569-572
    • (2003) Neuroreport , vol.14 , pp. 569-572
    • Tan, E.C.1    Tan, C.H.2    Karupathivan, U.3    Yap, E.P.4
  • 151
    • 0034016617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opiate-induced analgesia is increased and prolonged in mice lacking P-glycoprotein
    • Thompson SJ, Koszdin K, Bernards CM (2000) Opiate-induced analgesia is increased and prolonged in mice lacking P-glycoprotein. Anesthesiology 92:1392-1399
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.92 , pp. 1392-1399
    • Thompson, S.J.1    Koszdin, K.2    Bernards, C.M.3
  • 152
    • 0033529255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The μ opiate receptor as a candidate gene for pain: Polymorphisms, variations in expression, nociception, and opiate responses
    • Uhl GR, Sora I, Wang Z (1999) The μ opiate receptor as a candidate gene for pain: polymorphisms, variations in expression, nociception, and opiate responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:7752-7755
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 7752-7755
    • Uhl, G.R.1    Sora, I.2    Wang, Z.3
  • 154
    • 0242576522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmented responses to morphine and cocaine in mice with a 12-lipoxygenase gene disruption
    • Walters CL, Wang BC, Godfrey M, Sun D, Funk CD, Blendy JA (2003) Augmented responses to morphine and cocaine in mice with a 12-lipoxygenase gene disruption. Psychopharmacology 170:124-131
    • (2003) Psychopharmacology , vol.170 , pp. 124-131
    • Walters, C.L.1    Wang, B.C.2    Godfrey, M.3    Sun, D.4    Funk, C.D.5    Blendy, J.A.6
  • 155
    • 12844264163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in morphine-induced reward, locomotor activity, and thermoregulation in CREB-deficient mice
    • Walters CL, Godfrey M, Li X, Blendy JA (2005) Alterations in morphine-induced reward, locomotor activity, and thermoregulation in CREB-deficient mice. Brain Res 1032:193-199
    • (2005) Brain Res , vol.1032 , pp. 193-199
    • Walters, C.L.1    Godfrey, M.2    Li, X.3    Blendy, J.A.4
  • 156
    • 0036206856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, and loperamide with the efflux drug transporter P-glycoprotein
    • Wandel C, Kim R, Wood M, Wood A (2002) Interaction of morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, and loperamide with the efflux drug transporter P-glycoprotein. Anesthesiology 96:913-920
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 913-920
    • Wandel, C.1    Kim, R.2    Wood, M.3    Wood, A.4
  • 157
    • 0038193696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2D6 in the metabolism of (R)- and (S)-methadone in vitro
    • Wang JS, DeVane CL (2003) Involvement of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2D6 in the metabolism of (R)- and (S)-methadone in vitro. Drug Metab Dispos 31:742-747
    • (2003) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.31 , pp. 742-747
    • Wang, J.S.1    Devane, C.L.2
  • 158
    • 0031569387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial structure, chromosome localization, and expression of the mouse Girk4 gene
    • Wickman K, Seldin MF, Gendler SJ, Clapham DE (1997) Partial structure, chromosome localization, and expression of the mouse Girk4 gene. Genomics 40:395-401
    • (1997) Genomics , vol.40 , pp. 395-401
    • Wickman, K.1    Seldin, M.F.2    Gendler, S.J.3    Clapham, D.E.4
  • 163
    • 34247492529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinforcing effects of morphine are reduced in tissue plasminogen activator-knockout mice
    • Yan Y, Yamada K, Mizoguchi H, Noda Y, Nagai T, Nitta A, Nabeshima T (2007) Reinforcing effects of morphine are reduced in tissue plasminogen activator-knockout mice. Neuroscience 146:50-59
    • (2007) Neuroscience , vol.146 , pp. 50-59
    • Yan, Y.1    Yamada, K.2    Mizoguchi, H.3    Noda, Y.4    Nagai, T.5    Nitta, A.6    Nabeshima, T.7
  • 164
    • 0016430692 scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of morphine and its metabolites in morphine-dependent subjects
    • Yeh SY (1975) Urinary excretion of morphine and its metabolites in morphine-dependent subjects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 192:201-210
    • (1975) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.192 , pp. 201-210
    • Yeh, S.Y.1
  • 165
    • 0017744829 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and identification of morphine 3- and 6-glucuronides, morphine 3,6-diglucuronide, morphine 3-ethereal sulfate, normorphine, and normorphine 6-glucuronide as morphine metabolites in humans
    • Yeh SY, Gorodetzky CW, Krebs HA (1977) Isolation and identification of morphine 3- and 6-glucuronides, morphine 3,6-diglucuronide, morphine 3-ethereal sulfate, normorphine, and normorphine 6-glucuronide as morphine metabolites in humans. J Pharm Sci 66:1288-1293
    • (1977) J Pharm Sci , vol.66 , pp. 1288-1293
    • Yeh, S.Y.1    Gorodetzky, C.W.2    Krebs, H.A.3
  • 166
    • 10944242312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking the R-type (Cav2.3) Ca2+ channel enhanced morphine analgesia and reduced morphine tolerance
    • Yokoyama K, Kurihara T, Saegusa H, Zong S, Makita K, Tanabe T (2004) Blocking the R-type (Cav2.3) Ca2+ channel enhanced morphine analgesia and reduced morphine tolerance. Eur J Neurosci 20:3516-3519
    • (2004) Eur J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 3516-3519
    • Yokoyama, K.1    Kurihara, T.2    Saegusa, H.3    Zong, S.4    Makita, K.5    Tanabe, T.6
  • 167
    • 0014465893 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of drugs: LXII. Isolation and identification of morphine glucuronides in urine and bile of rabbits
    • Yoshimura H, Oguri K, Tsukamoto H (1969) Metabolism of drugs: LXII. Isolation and identification of morphine glucuronides in urine and bile of rabbits. Biochem Pharmacol 18:279-286
    • (1969) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 279-286
    • Yoshimura, H.1    Oguri, K.2    Tsukamoto, H.3
  • 169
  • 171
    • 25444491710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allelic expression imbalance of human mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) caused by variant A118G
    • Zhang Y, Wang D, Johnson AD, Papp AC, Sadée W (2005) Allelic expression imbalance of human mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) caused by variant A118G. J Biol Chem 280:32618-32624
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 32618-32624
    • Zhang, Y.1    Wang, D.2    Johnson, A.D.3    Papp, A.C.4    Sadée, W.5
  • 172
    • 35448933250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central serotonergic neurons are differentially required for opioid analgesia but not for morphine tolerance or morphine reward
    • Zhao ZQ, Gao YJ, Sun YG, Zhao CS, Gereau RW 4th, Chen ZF (2007) Central serotonergic neurons are differentially required for opioid analgesia but not for morphine tolerance or morphine reward. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:14519-14524
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 14519-14524
    • Zhao, Z.Q.1    Gao, Y.J.2    Sun, Y.G.3    Zhao, C.S.4    Gereau IV, R.W.5    Chen, Z.F.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.