메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 363, Issue 1489, 2008, Pages 171-183

Myelin repair: The role of stem and precursor cells in multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

Axonal injury; Multiple sclerosis; Myelin; Neural repair; Precursor cells; Stem cells

Indexed keywords

DISABILITY; DISEASE TREATMENT; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDER; NEUROLOGY; PATHOLOGY; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

EID: 36448985997     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2006.2019     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (39)

References (157)
  • 1
    • 0034619328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural stem cells display extensive tropism for pathology in adult brain: Evidence from intracranial gliomas
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.97. 23.12846
    • Aboody, K. S. et al. 2000 Neural stem cells display extensive tropism for pathology in adult brain: evidence from intracranial gliomas. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 12 846-12 851. (doi:10.1073/pnas.97. 23.12846)
    • (2000) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97
    • Aboody, K.S.1
  • 2
    • 0036703491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remyelination of the rat spinal cord by transplantation of identified bone marrow stromal cells
    • Akiyama, Y., Radtke, C. & Kocsis, J. D. 2002 Remyelination of the rat spinal cord by transplantation of identified bone marrow stromal cells. J. Neurosci. 22, 6623-6630.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 6623-6630
    • Akiyama, Y.1    Radtke, C.2    Kocsis, J.D.3
  • 3
    • 19944413626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • bHLH transcription factor Olig1 is required to repair demyelinated lesions in the CNS
    • doi:10.1126/science.1103709
    • Arnett, H. A. et al. 2004 bHLH transcription factor Olig1 is required to repair demyelinated lesions in the CNS. Science 306, 2111-2115. (doi:10.1126/science.1103709)
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 2111-2115
    • Arnett, H.A.1
  • 4
    • 0034960366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of multipotent neural precursors residing in the cortex of the adult human brain
    • doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7691
    • Arsenijevic, Y., Villemure, J. G., Brunet, J. F., Bloch, J. J., Deglon, N., Kostic, C., Zurn, A. & Aebischer, P. 2001 Isolation of multipotent neural precursors residing in the cortex of the adult human brain. Exp. Neurol. 170, 48-62. (doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7691)
    • (2001) Exp. Neurol , vol.170 , pp. 48-62
    • Arsenijevic, Y.1    Villemure, J.G.2    Brunet, J.F.3    Bloch, J.J.4    Deglon, N.5    Kostic, C.6    Zurn, A.7    Aebischer, P.8
  • 5
    • 24744468983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyaluronan accumulates in demyelinated lesions and inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation
    • Back, S. A. et al. 2005 Hyaluronan accumulates in demyelinated lesions and inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation. Nat. Med. 11, 966-972.
    • (2005) Nat. Med , vol.11 , pp. 966-972
    • Back, S.A.1
  • 6
    • 0033909687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a human olfactory ensheathing cell that can effect transplant-mediated remyelination of demyelinated CNS axons
    • doi:10.1093/brain/ 123.8.1581
    • Barnett, S. C. et al. 2000 Identification of a human olfactory ensheathing cell that can effect transplant-mediated remyelination of demyelinated CNS axons. Brain 123, 1581-1588. (doi:10.1093/brain/ 123.8.1581)
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 1581-1588
    • Barnett, S.C.1
  • 7
    • 0037090475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oligodendrocyte precursor mitogen PDGF stimulates proliferation by activation of alpha(v)beta3 integrins
    • doi:10.1093/emboj/21.8.1957
    • Baron, W., Shattil, S. J. & Ffrench-Constant, C. 2002 The oligodendrocyte precursor mitogen PDGF stimulates proliferation by activation of alpha(v)beta3 integrins. EMBO J. 21, 1957-1966. (doi:10.1093/emboj/21.8.1957)
    • (2002) EMBO J , vol.21 , pp. 1957-1966
    • Baron, W.1    Shattil, S.J.2    Ffrench-Constant, C.3
  • 8
    • 0037437148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postnatal NG2 proteoglycan-expressing progenitor cells are intrinsically multipotent and generate functional neurons
    • doi:10.1083/jcb.200210110
    • Belachew, S., Chittajallu, R., Aguirre, A. A., Yuan, X., Kirby, M., Anderson, S. & Gallo, V. 2003 Postnatal NG2 proteoglycan-expressing progenitor cells are intrinsically multipotent and generate functional neurons. J. Cell Biol. 161, 169-186. (doi:10.1083/jcb.200210110)
    • (2003) J. Cell Biol , vol.161 , pp. 169-186
    • Belachew, S.1    Chittajallu, R.2    Aguirre, A.A.3    Yuan, X.4    Kirby, M.5    Anderson, S.6    Gallo, V.7
  • 9
    • 0037254564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplanted multipotential neural precursor cells migrate into the inflamed white matter in response to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • doi:10.1002/glia.10159
    • Ben Hur, T., Einstein, O., Mizrachi-Kol, R., Ben Menachem, O., Reinhartz, E., Karussis, D. & Abramsky, O. 2003 Transplanted multipotential neural precursor cells migrate into the inflamed white matter in response to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Glia 41, 73-80. (doi:10.1002/glia.10159)
    • (2003) Glia , vol.41 , pp. 73-80
    • Ben Hur, T.1    Einstein, O.2    Mizrachi-Kol, R.3    Ben Menachem, O.4    Reinhartz, E.5    Karussis, D.6    Abramsky, O.7
  • 10
    • 0034117480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene therapy of experimental brain tumors using neural progenitor cells
    • doi:10.1038/74710
    • Benedetti, S. et al. 2000 Gene therapy of experimental brain tumors using neural progenitor cells. Nat. Med. 6, 447-450. (doi:10.1038/74710)
    • (2000) Nat. Med , vol.6 , pp. 447-450
    • Benedetti, S.1
  • 11
    • 0033663894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bjartmar, C., Kidd, G., Mork, S., Rudick, R. & Trapp, B.D. 2000 Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients. Ann. Neurol. 48, 893-901. (doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200012)48:6〈893:: AID-ANA10〉3.0.CO;2-B)
    • Bjartmar, C., Kidd, G., Mork, S., Rudick, R. & Trapp, B.D. 2000 Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients. Ann. Neurol. 48, 893-901. (doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200012)48:6〈893:: AID-ANA10〉3.0.CO;2-B)
  • 12
    • 0023867013 scopus 로고
    • Extensive oligodendrocyte remyelination following injection of cultured central nervous system cells into demyelinating lesions in adult central nervous system
    • Blakemore, W. F. & Crang, A. J. 1988 Extensive oligodendrocyte remyelination following injection of cultured central nervous system cells into demyelinating lesions in adult central nervous system. Dev. Neurosci. 10, 1-11.
    • (1988) Dev. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 1-11
    • Blakemore, W.F.1    Crang, A.J.2
  • 13
    • 0033618593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic stem cell-derived glial precursors: A source of myelinating transplants
    • doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.754
    • Brustle, O., Jones, K. N., Learish, R. D., Karram, K., Choudhary, K., Wiestler, O. D., Duncan, I. D. & McKay, R.D. 1999 Embryonic stem cell-derived glial precursors: a source of myelinating transplants. Science 285, 754-756. (doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.754)
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 754-756
    • Brustle, O.1    Jones, K.N.2    Learish, R.D.3    Karram, K.4    Choudhary, K.5    Wiestler, O.D.6    Duncan, I.D.7    McKay, R.D.8
  • 14
    • 11344277387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells from mouse dorsal spinal cord independent of Nkx6 regulation and Shh signaling
    • doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.028
    • Cai, J., Qi, Y., Hu, X., Tan, M., Liu, Z., Zhang, J., Li, Q., Sander, M. & Qiu, M. 2005 Generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells from mouse dorsal spinal cord independent of Nkx6 regulation and Shh signaling. Neuron 45, 41-53. (doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.028)
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.45 , pp. 41-53
    • Cai, J.1    Qi, Y.2    Hu, X.3    Tan, M.4    Liu, Z.5    Zhang, J.6    Li, Q.7    Sander, M.8    Qiu, M.9
  • 15
    • 0032544052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuregulin, glial growth factor 2, diminishes autoimmune demyelination and enhances remyelination in a chronic relapsing model for multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.95.17.10100
    • Cannella, B., Hoban, C. J., Gao, Y. L., Garcia-Arenas, R., Lawson, D., Marchionni, M., Gwynne, D. & Raine, C. S. 1998 The neuregulin, glial growth factor 2, diminishes autoimmune demyelination and enhances remyelination in a chronic relapsing model for multiple sclerosis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 10 100-10 105. (doi:10.1073/pnas.95.17.10100)
    • (1998) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95
    • Cannella, B.1    Hoban, C.J.2    Gao, Y.L.3    Garcia-Arenas, R.4    Lawson, D.5    Marchionni, M.6    Gwynne, D.7    Raine, C.S.8
  • 16
    • 0035690493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrichment of neurons and neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells
    • doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7832
    • Carpenter, M. K., Inokuma, M. S., Denham, J., Mujtaba, T., Chiu, C. P. & Rao, M. S. 2001 Enrichment of neurons and neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells. Exp. Neurol. 172, 383-397. (doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7832)
    • (2001) Exp. Neurol , vol.172 , pp. 383-397
    • Carpenter, M.K.1    Inokuma, M.S.2    Denham, J.3    Mujtaba, T.4    Chiu, C.P.5    Rao, M.S.6
  • 17
    • 0028306827 scopus 로고
    • Early recruitment of oligodendrocyte precursors in CNS demyelination
    • Carroll, W. M. & Jennings, A. R. 1994 Early recruitment of oligodendrocyte precursors in CNS demyelination. Brain 117, 563-578.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 563-578
    • Carroll, W.M.1    Jennings, A.R.2
  • 18
    • 4644305940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chandran, S., Compston, A., Janauiax, E., Gilson, J., Blakemore, W. F. & vendsen, C. 2004 Differential generation of oligodendrocytes from human and rodent embryonic spinal cord neural precursors. Glia 47, 314-324. (doi:10.1002/glia.20011)
    • Chandran, S., Compston, A., Janauiax, E., Gilson, J., Blakemore, W. F. & vendsen, C. 2004 Differential generation of oligodendrocytes from human and rodent embryonic spinal cord neural precursors. Glia 47, 314-324. (doi:10.1002/glia.20011)
  • 19
    • 0037122960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premyelinating oligodendrocytes in chronic lesions of multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMoa010994
    • Chang, A., Tourtellotte, W. W., Rudick, R. & Trapp, B. D. 2002 Premyelinating oligodendrocytes in chronic lesions of multiple sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 165-173. (doi:10.1056/NEJMoa010994)
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.346 , pp. 165-173
    • Chang, A.1    Tourtellotte, W.W.2    Rudick, R.3    Trapp, B.D.4
  • 20
    • 0037085715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient recolonisation of progenitor-depleted areas of the CNS by adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
    • doi:10.1002/glia.10038
    • Chari, D. M. & Blakemore, W. F. 2002 Efficient recolonisation of progenitor-depleted areas of the CNS by adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Glia 37, 307-313. (doi:10.1002/glia.10038)
    • (2002) Glia , vol.37 , pp. 307-313
    • Chari, D.M.1    Blakemore, W.F.2
  • 21
    • 0141566761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in rate of colonization of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)-depleted tissue by adult OPCs with age
    • Chari, D. M., Crang, A. J. & Blakemore, W. F. 2003 Decline in rate of colonization of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)-depleted tissue by adult OPCs with age. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 62, 908-916.
    • (2003) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 908-916
    • Chari, D.M.1    Crang, A.J.2    Blakemore, W.F.3
  • 22
    • 0036723599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-expression of PSA-NCAM by demyelinated axons: An inhibitor of remyelination in multiple sclerosis?
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awf216
    • Charles, P., Reynolds, R., Seilhean, D., Rougon, G., Aigrot, M. S., Niezgoda, A., Zalc, B. & Lubetzki, C. 2002 Re-expression of PSA-NCAM by demyelinated axons: an inhibitor of remyelination in multiple sclerosis? Brain 125, 1972-1979. (doi:10.1093/brain/awf216)
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 1972-1979
    • Charles, P.1    Reynolds, R.2    Seilhean, D.3    Rougon, G.4    Aigrot, M.S.5    Niezgoda, A.6    Zalc, B.7    Lubetzki, C.8
  • 23
    • 0035479836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation potential of adult stem cells
    • doi:10.1016/S0959- 437X(00)00235-5
    • Clarke, D. & Frisen, J. 2001 Differentiation potential of adult stem cells. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11, 575-580. (doi:10.1016/S0959- 437X(00)00235-5)
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev , vol.11 , pp. 575-580
    • Clarke, D.1    Frisen, J.2
  • 24
    • 2342524107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow transdifferentiation in brain after transplantation: A retrospective study
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16102-3
    • Cogle, C. R., Yachnis, A. T., Laywell, E. D., Zander, D. S., Wingard, J. R., Steindler, D. A. & Scott, E. W. 2004 Bone marrow transdifferentiation in brain after transplantation: a retrospective study. Lancet 363, 1432-1437. (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16102-3)
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 1432-1437
    • Cogle, C.R.1    Yachnis, A.T.2    Laywell, E.D.3    Zander, D.S.4    Wingard, J.R.5    Steindler, D.A.6    Scott, E.W.7
  • 25
    • 0028218020 scopus 로고
    • The role of oligodendrocytes and myelin on axon maturation in the developing rat retinofugal pathway
    • Colello, R. J., Pott, U. & Schwab, M. E. 1994 The role of oligodendrocytes and myelin on axon maturation in the developing rat retinofugal pathway. J. Neurosci. 14, 2594-2605.
    • (1994) J. Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 2594-2605
    • Colello, R.J.1    Pott, U.2    Schwab, M.E.3
  • 26
    • 85192655411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coles, A. J., Wing, M. G., Molyneux, P., Paolillo, A., Davie, C. M., Hale, G., Miller, D., Waldmann, H. & Compston, A. 1999 Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 46, 296-304. (doi:10.1002/1531- 8249(199909)46:3〈296::AID-ANA4〉3.0.CO;2-)
    • Coles, A. J., Wing, M. G., Molyneux, P., Paolillo, A., Davie, C. M., Hale, G., Miller, D., Waldmann, H. & Compston, A. 1999 Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 46, 296-304. (doi:10.1002/1531- 8249(199909)46:3〈296::AID-ANA4〉3.0.CO;2-)
  • 28
    • 0037029424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08220-X
    • Compston, A. & Coles, A. 2002 Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 359, 1221-1231. (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08220-X)
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1221-1231
    • Compston, A.1    Coles, A.2
  • 29
    • 84882504897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ed. A. Compston et al, 4th edn. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone
    • Compston, A. 2006 In McAlpine's multiple sclerosis (ed. A. Compston et al.), 4th edn. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone.
    • (2006) McAlpine's multiple sclerosis
    • Compston, A.1
  • 30
    • 33644628396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: From epidemiology to treatment
    • doi:10.1016/j.clineuro. 2005.11.018
    • Confavreux, C. & Vukusic, S. 2006a Accumulation of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: from epidemiology to treatment. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 108, 327-332. (doi:10.1016/j.clineuro. 2005.11.018)
    • (2006) Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg , vol.108 , pp. 327-332
    • Confavreux, C.1    Vukusic, S.2
  • 31
    • 33244466021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of multiple sclerosis: A unifying concept
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awl007
    • Confavreux, C. & Vukusic, S. 2006b Natural history of multiple sclerosis: a unifying concept. Brain 129, 606-616. (doi:10.1093/brain/awl007)
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 606-616
    • Confavreux, C.1    Vukusic, S.2
  • 32
    • 0034676548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1056/NEJM200011163432001
    • Confavreux, C., Vukusic, S., Moreau, T. & Adeleine, P. 2000 Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 343, 1430-1438. (doi:10.1056/NEJM200011163432001)
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.343 , pp. 1430-1438
    • Confavreux, C.1    Vukusic, S.2    Moreau, T.3    Adeleine, P.4
  • 33
    • 0037379402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early clinical predictors and progression of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: An amnesic process
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awg081
    • Confavreux, C., Vukusic, S. & Adeleine, P. 2003 Early clinical predictors and progression of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: an amnesic process. Brain 126, 770-782. (doi:10.1093/brain/awg081)
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 770-782
    • Confavreux, C.1    Vukusic, S.2    Adeleine, P.3
  • 34
    • 20444425818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplanted human bone marrow cells generate new brain cells
    • doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.03.017
    • Crain, B. J., Tran, S. D. & Mezey, E. 2005 Transplanted human bone marrow cells generate new brain cells. J. Neurol. Sci. 233, 121-123. (doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.03.017)
    • (2005) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.233 , pp. 121-123
    • Crain, B.J.1    Tran, S.D.2    Mezey, E.3
  • 35
    • 27144443385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokine receptor CXCR4-dependent internalization and resecretion of functional chemokine SDF-1 by bone marrow endothelial and stromal cells
    • doi:10.1038/ni1251
    • Dar, A. et al. 2005 Chemokine receptor CXCR4-dependent internalization and resecretion of functional chemokine SDF-1 by bone marrow endothelial and stromal cells. Nat. Immunol. 6, 1038-1046. (doi:10.1038/ni1251)
    • (2005) Nat. Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 1038-1046
    • Dar, A.1
  • 36
    • 0029565567 scopus 로고
    • Persistent functional deficit in multiple sclerosis and autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia is associated with axon loss
    • Davie, C. A., Barker, G. J., Webb, S., Tofts, P. S., Thompson, A. J., Harding, A. E., McDonald, W. I. & Miller, D. H. 1995 Persistent functional deficit in multiple sclerosis and autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia is associated with axon loss. Brain 118, 1583-1592.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 1583-1592
    • Davie, C.A.1    Barker, G.J.2    Webb, S.3    Tofts, P.S.4    Thompson, A.J.5    Harding, A.E.6    McDonald, W.I.7    Miller, D.H.8
  • 37
    • 0034284392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dawson, M. R., Levine, J. M. & Reynolds, R. 2000 NG2-expressing cells in the central nervous system: are they oligodendroglial progenitors? J. Neurosci. Res. 61, 471-479. (doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20000901)61: 5〈471::AID-JNR1〉3.0.CO;2-N)
    • Dawson, M. R., Levine, J. M. & Reynolds, R. 2000 NG2-expressing cells in the central nervous system: are they oligodendroglial progenitors? J. Neurosci. Res. 61, 471-479. (doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20000901)61: 5〈471::AID-JNR1〉3.0.CO;2-N)
  • 38
    • 0142250835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NG2-expressing glial progenitor cells: An abundant and widespread population of cycling cells in the adult rat CNS
    • doi:10.1016/S1044-7431(03)00210-0
    • Dawson, M. R., Polito, A., Levine, J. M. & Reynolds, R. 2003 NG2-expressing glial progenitor cells: an abundant and widespread population of cycling cells in the adult rat CNS. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 24, 476-488. (doi:10.1016/S1044-7431(03)00210-0)
    • (2003) Mol. Cell Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 476-488
    • Dawson, M.R.1    Polito, A.2    Levine, J.M.3    Reynolds, R.4
  • 39
    • 0031852514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal damage correlates with disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Results of a longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • doi:10.1093/brain/121.8.1469
    • De Stefano, N., Matthews, P. M., Fu, L., Narayanan, S., Stanley, J., Francis, G. S., Antel, J. P. & Arnold, D. L. 1998 Axonal damage correlates with disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Results of a longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Brain 121, 1469-1477. (doi:10.1093/brain/121.8.1469)
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 1469-1477
    • De Stefano, N.1    Matthews, P.M.2    Fu, L.3    Narayanan, S.4    Stanley, J.5    Francis, G.S.6    Antel, J.P.7    Arnold, D.L.8
  • 40
    • 0037106093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth factor treatment promotes mobilization of young but not aged adult subventricular zone precursors in response to demyelination
    • doi:10.1002/jnr.10411
    • Decker, L., Picard-Riera, N., Lachapelle, F. & Baron-Van Evercooren, A. 2002 Growth factor treatment promotes mobilization of young but not aged adult subventricular zone precursors in response to demyelination. J. Neurosci. Res. 69, 763-771. (doi:10.1002/jnr.10411)
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.69 , pp. 763-771
    • Decker, L.1    Picard-Riera, N.2    Lachapelle, F.3    Baron-Van Evercooren, A.4
  • 41
    • 0033511223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of oligodendroglial progenitors in acute inflammatory demyelinating lesions of the rat brain stem is associated with demyelination rather than inflammation
    • doi:10.1023/A: 1007069815302
    • Di Bello, I. C., Dawson, M. R., Levine, J. M. & Reynolds, R. 1999 Generation of oligodendroglial progenitors in acute inflammatory demyelinating lesions of the rat brain stem is associated with demyelination rather than inflammation. J. Neurocytol. 28, 365-381. (doi:10.1023/A: 1007069815302)
    • (1999) J. Neurocytol , vol.28 , pp. 365-381
    • Di Bello, I.C.1    Dawson, M.R.2    Levine, J.M.3    Reynolds, R.4
  • 42
    • 0033040497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subventricular zone astrocytes are neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain
    • doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80783-7
    • Doetsch, F., Caille, I., Lim, D. A., Garcia-Verdugo, J. M. & Alvarez-Buylla, A. 1999a Subventricular zone astrocytes are neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Cell 97, 703-716. (doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80783-7)
    • (1999) Cell , vol.97 , pp. 703-716
    • Doetsch, F.1    Caille, I.2    Lim, D.A.3    Garcia-Verdugo, J.M.4    Alvarez-Buylla, A.5
  • 43
    • 0033613135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of a germinal layer in the adult mammalian brain
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.11619
    • Doetsch, F., Garcia-Verdugo, J. M. & Alvarez-Buylla, A. 1999b Regeneration of a germinal layer in the adult mammalian brain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 11 619-11 624. (doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.11619)
    • (1999) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96
    • Doetsch, F.1    Garcia-Verdugo, J.M.2    Alvarez-Buylla, A.3
  • 44
    • 25644434410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing central nervous system remyelination in multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.004
    • Dubois-Dalcq, M., Ffrench-Constant, C. & Franklin, R. J. 2005 Enhancing central nervous system remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Neuron 48, 9-12. (doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.004)
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.48 , pp. 9-12
    • Dubois-Dalcq, M.1    Ffrench-Constant, C.2    Franklin, R.J.3
  • 45
    • 3142674927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendroglial modulation of fast axonal transport in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia
    • doi:10.1083/jcb.200312012
    • Edgar, J. M. et al. 2004 Oligodendroglial modulation of fast axonal transport in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia. J. Cell Biol. 166, 121-131. (doi:10.1083/jcb.200312012)
    • (2004) J. Cell Biol , vol.166 , pp. 121-131
    • Edgar, J.M.1
  • 46
    • 0346494281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraventricular transplantation of neural precursor cell spheres attenuates acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2003.08.009
    • Einstein, O., Karussis, D., Grigoriadis, N., Mizrachi-Kol, R., Reinhartz, E., Abramsky, O. & Ben Hur, T. 2003 Intraventricular transplantation of neural precursor cell spheres attenuates acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 24, 1074-1082. (doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2003.08.009)
    • (2003) Mol. Cell Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 1074-1082
    • Einstein, O.1    Karussis, D.2    Grigoriadis, N.3    Mizrachi-Kol, R.4    Reinhartz, E.5    Abramsky, O.6    Ben Hur, T.7
  • 47
    • 0034104079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evangelou, N., Esiri, M. M., Smith, S., Palace, J. & Matthews, P. M. 2000 Quantitative pathological evidence for axonal loss in normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 47, 391-395. (doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200003)47:3〈391::AID-ANA20〉3.0.CO;2-J )
    • Evangelou, N., Esiri, M. M., Smith, S., Palace, J. & Matthews, P. M. 2000 Quantitative pathological evidence for axonal loss in normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 47, 391-395. (doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200003)47:3〈391::AID-ANA20〉3.0.CO;2-J )
  • 48
    • 7244226354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of Nkx2.2 and Olig2 identifies reactive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells responding to demyelination in the adult CNS
    • Fancy, S. P., Zhao, C. & Franklin, R. J. 2004 Increased expression of Nkx2.2 and Olig2 identifies reactive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells responding to demyelination in the adult CNS. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 27, 247-254.
    • (2004) Mol. Cell Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 247-254
    • Fancy, S.P.1    Zhao, C.2    Franklin, R.J.3
  • 49
    • 0031002545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions
    • doi:10.1093/brain/120.3.393
    • Ferguson, B., Matyszak, M. K., Esiri, M. M. & Perry, V. H. 1997 Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 120, 393-399. (doi:10.1093/brain/120.3.393)
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 393-399
    • Ferguson, B.1    Matyszak, M.K.2    Esiri, M.M.3    Perry, V.H.4
  • 51
    • 28544446960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autologous olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation in human spinal cord injury
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awh657
    • Feron, F., Perry, C., Cochrane, J., Licina, P., Nowitzke, A., Urquhart, S., Geraghty, T. & Mackay-Sim, A. 2005 Autologous olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation in human spinal cord injury. Brain 128, 2951-2960. (doi:10.1093/brain/awh657)
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 2951-2960
    • Feron, F.1    Perry, C.2    Cochrane, J.3    Licina, P.4    Nowitzke, A.5    Urquhart, S.6    Geraghty, T.7    Mackay-Sim, A.8
  • 52
    • 0022448396 scopus 로고
    • The oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte cell lineage is specialized for myelination
    • doi:10.1038/323335a0
    • Ffrench-Constant, C. & Raff, M. C. 1986 The oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte cell lineage is specialized for myelination. Nature 323, 335-338. (doi:10.1038/323335a0)
    • (1986) Nature , vol.323 , pp. 335-338
    • Ffrench-Constant, C.1    Raff, M.C.2
  • 53
    • 15044357461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation stimulates remyelination in areas of chronic demyelination
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awh417
    • Foote, A. K. & Blakemore, W. F. 2005 Inflammation stimulates remyelination in areas of chronic demyelination. Brain 128, 528-539. (doi:10.1093/brain/awh417)
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 528-539
    • Foote, A.K.1    Blakemore, W.F.2
  • 54
    • 0036720034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why does remyelination fail in multiple sclerosis?
    • doi:10.1038/nrn917
    • Franklin, R. J. 2002 Why does remyelination fail in multiple sclerosis? Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 705-714. (doi:10.1038/nrn917)
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 705-714
    • Franklin, R.J.1
  • 55
    • 0031024177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplanting oligodendrocyte progenitors into the adult
    • doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19010023.x
    • Franklin, R. J. & Blakemore, W. F. 1997 Transplanting oligodendrocyte progenitors into the adult CNS. J. Anat. 190, 23-33. (doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19010023.x)
    • (1997) CNS. J. Anat , vol.190 , pp. 23-33
    • Franklin, R.J.1    Blakemore, W.F.2
  • 56
    • 0030198318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Franklin, R. J., Gilson, J. M., Franceschini, I. A. & Barnett, S. C. 1996 Schwann cell-like myelination following transplantation of an olfactory bulb-ensheathing cell line into areas of demyelination in the adult CNS. Glia 17, 217-224. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199607)17: 3〈217::AID-GLIA4〉3.0.CO;2-Y)
    • Franklin, R. J., Gilson, J. M., Franceschini, I. A. & Barnett, S. C. 1996 Schwann cell-like myelination following transplantation of an olfactory bulb-ensheathing cell line into areas of demyelination in the adult CNS. Glia 17, 217-224. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199607)17: 3〈217::AID-GLIA4〉3.0.CO;2-Y)
  • 57
    • 0030834978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Franklin, R. J., Gilson, J. M. & Blakemore, W. F. 1997 Local recruitment of remyelinating cells in the repair of demyelination in the central nervous system. J. Neurosci. Res. 50, 337-344. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097- 4547(19971015) 50:2〈337::AID-JNR21〉3.0.CO;2-3)
    • Franklin, R. J., Gilson, J. M. & Blakemore, W. F. 1997 Local recruitment of remyelinating cells in the repair of demyelination in the central nervous system. J. Neurosci. Res. 50, 337-344. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097- 4547(19971015) 50:2〈337::AID-JNR21〉3.0.CO;2-3)
  • 58
    • 0036189424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients lacking the major CNS myelin protein, proteolipid protein 1, develop length-dependent axonal degeneration in the absence of demyelination and inflammation
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awf043
    • Garbern, J. Y. et al. 2002 Patients lacking the major CNS myelin protein, proteolipid protein 1, develop length-dependent axonal degeneration in the absence of demyelination and inflammation. Brain 125, 551-561. (doi:10.1093/brain/awf043)
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 551-561
    • Garbern, J.Y.1
  • 60
    • 0030861649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous progenitors remyelinate demyelinated axons in the adult CNS
    • doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80359-1
    • Gensert, J. M. & Goldman, J. E. 1997 Endogenous progenitors remyelinate demyelinated axons in the adult CNS. Neuron 19, 197-203. (doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80359-1)
    • (1997) Neuron , vol.19 , pp. 197-203
    • Gensert, J.M.1    Goldman, J.E.2
  • 61
    • 0242317367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glia as neural progenitor cells
    • doi:10.1016/j.tins.2003.09.011
    • Goldman, S. 2003 Glia as neural progenitor cells. Trends Neurosci. 26, 590-596. (doi:10.1016/j.tins.2003.09.011)
    • (2003) Trends Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 590-596
    • Goldman, S.1
  • 62
    • 0032486428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal swellings and degeneration in mice lacking the major proteolipid of myelin
    • doi:10.1126/science.280.5369.1610
    • Griffiths, I. et al. 1998 Axonal swellings and degeneration in mice lacking the major proteolipid of myelin. Science 280, 1610-1613. (doi:10.1126/science.280.5369.1610)
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1610-1613
    • Griffiths, I.1
  • 63
    • 0034661765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection by encephalomyelitis: Rescue of mechanically injured neurons and neurotrophin production by CNS-infiltrating T and natural killer cells
    • Hammarberg, H. et al. 2000 Neuroprotection by encephalomyelitis: rescue of mechanically injured neurons and neurotrophin production by CNS-infiltrating T and natural killer cells. J. Neurosci. 20, 5283-5291.
    • (2000) J. Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 5283-5291
    • Hammarberg, H.1
  • 64
    • 4143069222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The responses of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, astrocytes and microglia to a cortical stab injury, in the brain
    • doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.028
    • Hampton, D. W., Rhodes, K. E., Zhao, C., Franklin, R. J. & Fawcett, J. W. 2004 The responses of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, astrocytes and microglia to a cortical stab injury, in the brain. Neuroscience 127, 813-820. (doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.028)
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.127 , pp. 813-820
    • Hampton, D.W.1    Rhodes, K.E.2    Zhao, C.3    Franklin, R.J.4    Fawcett, J.W.5
  • 65
    • 0034530520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed changes in growth factor gene expression during slow remyelination in the CNS of aged rats
    • doi:10.1006/mcne.2000.0897
    • Hinks, G. L. & Franklin, R. J. 2000 Delayed changes in growth factor gene expression during slow remyelination in the CNS of aged rats. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 16, 542-556. (doi:10.1006/mcne.2000.0897)
    • (2000) Mol. Cell Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 542-556
    • Hinks, G.L.1    Franklin, R.J.2
  • 66
    • 33745489036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human bone marrow stromal cells express a distinct set of biologically functional chemokine receptors
    • doi:10.1634/stemcells.2005-0319
    • Honczarenko, M., Le, Y., Swierkowski, M., Ghiran, I., Glodek, A. & Silberstein, L. E. 2005 Human bone marrow stromal cells express a distinct set of biologically functional chemokine receptors. Stem Cells 24, 1030-1041. (doi:10.1634/stemcells.2005-0319)
    • (2005) Stem Cells , vol.24 , pp. 1030-1041
    • Honczarenko, M.1    Le, Y.2    Swierkowski, M.3    Ghiran, I.4    Glodek, A.5    Silberstein, L.E.6
  • 68
    • 0842308720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic progesterone administration results in a partial reversal of the age-associated decline in CNS remyelination following toxin-induced demyelination in male rats
    • doi:10.1046/j.0305-1846.2003.00515.x
    • Ibanez, C., Shields, S. A., El Etr, M., Baulieu, E. E., Schumacher, M. & Franklin, R. J. 2004 Systemic progesterone administration results in a partial reversal of the age-associated decline in CNS remyelination following toxin-induced demyelination in male rats. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 30, 80-89. (doi:10.1046/j.0305-1846.2003.00515.x)
    • (2004) Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol , vol.30 , pp. 80-89
    • Ibanez, C.1    Shields, S.A.2    El Etr, M.3    Baulieu, E.E.4    Schumacher, M.5    Franklin, R.J.6
  • 69
    • 0032529351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells remyelinate and enhance axonal conduction in the demyelinated dorsal columns of the rat spinal cord
    • Imaizumi, T., Lankford, K. L., Waxman, S. G., Greer, C. A. & Kocsis, J. D. 1998a Transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells remyelinate and enhance axonal conduction in the demyelinated dorsal columns of the rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 18, 6176-6185.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 6176-6185
    • Imaizumi, T.1    Lankford, K.L.2    Waxman, S.G.3    Greer, C.A.4    Kocsis, J.D.5
  • 70
    • 0032529351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells remyelinate and enhance axonal conduction in the demyelinated dorsal columns of the rat spinal cord
    • Imaizumi, T., Lankford, K. L., Waxman, S. G., Greer, C. A. & Kocsis, J. D. 1998b Transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells remyelinate and enhance axonal conduction in the demyelinated dorsal columns of the rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 18, 6176-6185.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 6176-6185
    • Imaizumi, T.1    Lankford, K.L.2    Waxman, S.G.3    Greer, C.A.4    Kocsis, J.D.5
  • 71
    • 0037019337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow
    • doi:10.1038/ nature00870
    • Jiang, Y. et al. 2002 Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow. Nature 418, 41-49. (doi:10.1038/ nature00870)
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 41-49
    • Jiang, Y.1
  • 72
    • 0141817748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroectodermal differentiation from mouse multipotent adult progenitor cells
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.1834196100
    • Jiang, Y., Henderson, D., Blackstad, M., Chen, A., Miller, R. F. & Verfaillie, C. M. 2003 Neuroectodermal differentiation from mouse multipotent adult progenitor cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 11 854-11 860. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1834196100)
    • (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100
    • Jiang, Y.1    Henderson, D.2    Blackstad, M.3    Chen, A.4    Miller, R.F.5    Verfaillie, C.M.6
  • 73
    • 36448946682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scaleable and defined system for generating neural stem cells from human embryonic stem cells
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Joannides, A. et al. 2006 A scaleable and defined system for generating neural stem cells from human embryonic stem cells. Stem cells (Epub ahead of print).
    • (2006) Stem cells
    • Joannides, A.1
  • 74
    • 3042753986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient generation of neural precursors from adult human skin: Astrocytes promote neurogenesis from skin-derived stem cells
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (04)16630-0
    • Joannides, A., Gaughwin, P., Schwiening, C., Majed, H., Sterling, J., Compston, A. & Chandran, S. 2004 Efficient generation of neural precursors from adult human skin: astrocytes promote neurogenesis from skin-derived stem cells. Lancet 364, 172-178. (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (04)16630-0)
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 172-178
    • Joannides, A.1    Gaughwin, P.2    Schwiening, C.3    Majed, H.4    Sterling, J.5    Compston, A.6    Chandran, S.7
  • 76
    • 0035025620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential control of clustering of the sodium channels Na(v)1.2 and Na(v)1.6 at developing CNS nodes of Ranvier
    • doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00266-5
    • Kaplan, M. R., Cho, M. H., Ullian, E. M., Isom, L. L., Levinson, S. R. & Barres, B. A. 2001 Differential control of clustering of the sodium channels Na(v)1.2 and Na(v)1.6 at developing CNS nodes of Ranvier. Neuron 30, 105-119. (doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00266-5)
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.30 , pp. 105-119
    • Kaplan, M.R.1    Cho, M.H.2    Ullian, E.M.3    Isom, L.L.4    Levinson, S.R.5    Barres, B.A.6
  • 77
    • 0033198197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule-positive CNS precursors generate both oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells to remyelinate the CNS after transplantation
    • Keirstead, H. S., Ben-Hur, T., Rogister, B., O'Leary, M. T., Dubois-Dalcq, M. & Blakemore, W. F. 1999 Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule-positive CNS precursors generate both oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells to remyelinate the CNS after transplantation. J. Neurosci. 19, 7529-7536.
    • (1999) J. Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 7529-7536
    • Keirstead, H.S.1    Ben-Hur, T.2    Rogister, B.3    O'Leary, M.T.4    Dubois-Dalcq, M.5    Blakemore, W.F.6
  • 78
    • 18644384444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplants remyelinate and restore locomotion after spinal cord injury
    • doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0311-05.2005
    • Keirstead, H. S., Nistor, G., Bernal, G., Totoiu, M., Cloutier, F., Sharp, K. & Steward, O. 2005 Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplants remyelinate and restore locomotion after spinal cord injury. J. Neurosci. 25, 4694-4705. (doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0311-05.2005)
    • (2005) J. Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 4694-4705
    • Keirstead, H.S.1    Nistor, G.2    Bernal, G.3    Totoiu, M.4    Cloutier, F.5    Sharp, K.6    Steward, O.7
  • 79
    • 0032415886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis are regulated by differential expression of the CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein-1
    • doi:10.1016/S0165-5728(98)00187-8
    • Kennedy, K. J., Strieter, R. M., Kunkel, S. L., Lukacs, N. W. & Karpus, W. J. 1998 Acute and relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis are regulated by differential expression of the CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. J. Neuroimmunol. 92, 98-108. (doi:10.1016/S0165-5728(98)00187-8)
    • (1998) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.92 , pp. 98-108
    • Kennedy, K.J.1    Strieter, R.M.2    Kunkel, S.L.3    Lukacs, N.W.4    Karpus, W.J.5
  • 80
    • 18744401357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human embryonic stem cells derived without feeder cells
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66473-2
    • Klimanskaya, I., Chung, Y., Meisner, L., Johnson, J., West, M. D. & Lanza, R. 2005 Human embryonic stem cells derived without feeder cells. Lancet 365, 1636-1641. (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66473-2)
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1636-1641
    • Klimanskaya, I.1    Chung, Y.2    Meisner, L.3    Johnson, J.4    West, M.D.5    Lanza, R.6
  • 81
    • 0035109748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of cryopreserved adult human Schwann cells enhances axonal conduction in demyelinated spinal cord
    • Kohama, I., Lankford, K. L., Preiningerova, J., White, F. A., Vollmer, T. L. & Kocsis, J. D. 2001 Transplantation of cryopreserved adult human Schwann cells enhances axonal conduction in demyelinated spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 21, 944-950.
    • (2001) J. Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 944-950
    • Kohama, I.1    Lankford, K.L.2    Preiningerova, J.3    White, F.A.4    Vollmer, T.L.5    Kocsis, J.D.6
  • 82
    • 0026570540 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I gene expression is induced in astrocytes during experimental demyelination
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.89.5.1894
    • Komoly, S., Hudson, L. D., Webster, H. D. & Bondy, C. A. 1992 Insulin-like growth factor I gene expression is induced in astrocytes during experimental demyelination. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 1894-1898. (doi:10.1073/pnas.89.5.1894)
    • (1992) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 1894-1898
    • Komoly, S.1    Hudson, L.D.2    Webster, H.D.3    Bondy, C.A.4
  • 83
    • 0034622930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendrocyte precursor cells reprogrammed to become multipotential CNS stem cells
    • doi:10.1126/science.289.5485.1754
    • Kondo, T. & Raff, M. 2000 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells reprogrammed to become multipotential CNS stem cells. Science 289, 1754-1757. (doi:10.1126/science.289.5485.1754)
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 1754-1757
    • Kondo, T.1    Raff, M.2
  • 84
    • 0033870097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis and chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A comparative quantitative study of axonal injury in active, inactive, and remyelinated lesions
    • Kornek, B., Storch, M. K., Weissert, R., Wallstroem, E., Stefferl, A., Olsson, T., Linington, C., Schmidbauer, M. & Lassmann, H. 2000 Multiple sclerosis and chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a comparative quantitative study of axonal injury in active, inactive, and remyelinated lesions. Am. J. Pathol. 157, 267-276.
    • (2000) Am. J. Pathol , vol.157 , pp. 267-276
    • Kornek, B.1    Storch, M.K.2    Weissert, R.3    Wallstroem, E.4    Stefferl, A.5    Olsson, T.6    Linington, C.7    Schmidbauer, M.8    Lassmann, H.9
  • 85
    • 11844253894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage-depletion induced impairment of experimental CNS remyelination is associated with a reduced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell response and altered growth factor expression
    • doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2004.09.019
    • Kotter, M. R., Zhao, C., van Rooijen, N. & Franklin, R. J. 2005 Macrophage-depletion induced impairment of experimental CNS remyelination is associated with a reduced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell response and altered growth factor expression. Neurobiol. Dis. 18, 166-175. (doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2004.09.019)
    • (2005) Neurobiol. Dis , vol.18 , pp. 166-175
    • Kotter, M.R.1    Zhao, C.2    van Rooijen, N.3    Franklin, R.J.4
  • 86
    • 30644476095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelin impairs CNS remyelination by inhibiting oligodendrocyte percursor cell differentiation
    • Kotter, M. R., Li, W.-W., Chao, Z. & Franklin, R. J. M. 2006 Myelin impairs CNS remyelination by inhibiting oligodendrocyte percursor cell differentiation. J. Neurosci. 26, 328-332.
    • (2006) J. Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 328-332
    • Kotter, M.R.1    Li, W.-W.2    Chao, Z.3    Franklin, R.J.M.4
  • 87
    • 0032881051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study. 7. Progressive-relapsing and relapsing-progressive multiple sclerosis: a re-evaluation
    • doi:10.1093/brain/122.10.1941
    • Kremenchutzky, M., Cottrell, D., Rice, G., Hader, W., Baskerville, J., Koopman, W. & Ebers, G. C. 1999 The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 7. Progressive-relapsing and relapsing-progressive multiple sclerosis: a re-evaluation. Brain 122, 1941-1950. (doi:10.1093/brain/122.10.1941)
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , pp. 1941-1950
    • Kremenchutzky, M.1    Cottrell, D.2    Rice, G.3    Hader, W.4    Baskerville, J.5    Koopman, W.6    Ebers, G.C.7
  • 88
    • 33244486947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study 9: observations on the progressive phase of the disease
    • Kremenchutzky, M., Rice, M., Baskerville, J., Wingerchuk, D. & Ebers, G. 2006 The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study 9: observations on the progressive phase of the disease. Brain 129, 584-594.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 584-594
    • Kremenchutzky, M.1    Rice, M.2    Baskerville, J.3    Wingerchuk, D.4    Ebers, G.5
  • 89
    • 0036788406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute axonal damage in multiple sclerosis is most extensive in early disease stages and decreases over time
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awf235
    • Kuhlmann, T., Lingfeld, G., Bitsch, A., Schuchardt, J. & Bruck, W. 2002 Acute axonal damage in multiple sclerosis is most extensive in early disease stages and decreases over time. Brain 125, 2202-2212. (doi:10.1093/brain/awf235)
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 2202-2212
    • Kuhlmann, T.1    Lingfeld, G.2    Bitsch, A.3    Schuchardt, J.4    Bruck, W.5
  • 90
    • 0032909852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multipotent stem/progenitor cells with similar properties arise from two neurogenic regions of adult human brain
    • doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7028
    • Kukekov, V. G., Laywell, E. D., Suslov, O., Davies, K., Scheffler, B., Thomas, L. B., O'Brien, T. F., Kusakabe, M. & Steindler, D. A. 1999 Multipotent stem/progenitor cells with similar properties arise from two neurogenic regions of adult human brain. Exp. Neurol. 156, 333-344. (doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7028)
    • (1999) Exp. Neurol , vol.156 , pp. 333-344
    • Kukekov, V.G.1    Laywell, E.D.2    Suslov, O.3    Davies, K.4    Scheffler, B.5    Thomas, L.B.6    O'Brien, T.F.7    Kusakabe, M.8    Steindler, D.A.9
  • 91
    • 0033668134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lakatos, A., Franklin, R. J. & Barnett, S. C. 2000 Olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells differ in their in vitro interactions with astrocytes. Glia 32, 214-225. (doi:10. 1002/1098- 1136(200012)32:3〈214::AID-GLIA20〉3.0.CO;2-7)
    • Lakatos, A., Franklin, R. J. & Barnett, S. C. 2000 Olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells differ in their in vitro interactions with astrocytes. Glia 32, 214-225. (doi:10. 1002/1098- 1136(200012)32:3〈214::AID-GLIA20〉3.0.CO;2-7)
  • 92
    • 0344826483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory ensheathing cells induce less host astrocyte response and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan expression than Schwann cells following transplantation into adult CNS white matter
    • doi:10.1016/S0014- 4886(03)00270-X
    • Lakatos, A., Barnett, S. C. & Franklin, R. J. 2003 Olfactory ensheathing cells induce less host astrocyte response and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan expression than Schwann cells following transplantation into adult CNS white matter. Exp. Neurol. 184, 237-246. (doi:10.1016/S0014- 4886(03)00270-X)
    • (2003) Exp. Neurol , vol.184 , pp. 237-246
    • Lakatos, A.1    Barnett, S.C.2    Franklin, R.J.3
  • 93
    • 0037370361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of Cnp1 uncouples oligodendroglial functions in axonal support and myelination
    • doi:10.1038/ng1095
    • Lappe-Siefke, C., Goebbels, S., Gravel, M., Nicksch, E., Lee, J., Braun, P. E., Griffiths, I. R. & Nave, K. A. 2003 Disruption of Cnp1 uncouples oligodendroglial functions in axonal support and myelination. Nat. Genet. 33, 366-374. (doi:10.1038/ng1095)
    • (2003) Nat. Genet , vol.33 , pp. 366-374
    • Lappe-Siefke, C.1    Goebbels, S.2    Gravel, M.3    Nicksch, E.4    Lee, J.5    Braun, P.E.6    Griffiths, I.R.7    Nave, K.A.8
  • 94
    • 0032526198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: Report on an international meeting held at the Institute of Neurology of the University of Vienna
    • doi:10.1016/S0165-5728(98)00031-9
    • Lassmann, H., Raine, C. S., Antel, J. & Prineas, J. W. 1998 Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: report on an international meeting held at the Institute of Neurology of the University of Vienna. J. Neuroimmunol. 86, 213-217. (doi:10.1016/S0165-5728(98)00031-9)
    • (1998) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.86 , pp. 213-217
    • Lassmann, H.1    Raine, C.S.2    Antel, J.3    Prineas, J.W.4
  • 95
    • 0035096330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: Implications for diagnosis and therapy
    • doi:10.1016/S1471-4914(00)01909-2
    • Lassmann, H., Bruck, W. & Lucchinetti, C. 2001 Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Trends Mol. Med. 7, 115-121. (doi:10.1016/S1471-4914(00)01909-2)
    • (2001) Trends Mol. Med , vol.7 , pp. 115-121
    • Lassmann, H.1    Bruck, W.2    Lucchinetti, C.3
  • 96
    • 0032763125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation and proliferation of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells during ethidium bromide-induced demyelination
    • doi:10.1006/exnr.1999. 7224
    • Levine, J. M. & Reynolds, R. 1999 Activation and proliferation of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells during ethidium bromide-induced demyelination. Exp. Neurol. 160, 333-347. (doi:10.1006/exnr.1999. 7224)
    • (1999) Exp. Neurol , vol.160 , pp. 333-347
    • Levine, J.M.1    Reynolds, R.2
  • 97
    • 2442478389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial progenitors in the CNS and possible lineage relationships among them
    • doi:10.1016/j.biolcel.2004.02.001
    • Liu, Y. & Rao, M. S. 2004 Glial progenitors in the CNS and possible lineage relationships among them. Biol. Cell 96, 279-290. (doi:10.1016/j.biolcel.2004.02.001)
    • (2004) Biol. Cell , vol.96 , pp. 279-290
    • Liu, Y.1    Rao, M.S.2
  • 98
    • 0342288638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal changes in chronic demyelinated cervical spinal cord plaques
    • doi:10.1093/brain/123.2.308
    • Lovas, G., Szilagyi, N., Majtenyi, K., Palkovits, M. & Komoly, S. 2000 Axonal changes in chronic demyelinated cervical spinal cord plaques. Brain 123, 308-317. (doi:10.1093/brain/123.2.308)
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 308-317
    • Lovas, G.1    Szilagyi, N.2    Majtenyi, K.3    Palkovits, M.4    Komoly, S.5
  • 99
    • 20444463024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting repair in multiple sclerosis: Problems and prospects
    • doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000169739.83793.e0
    • Lubetzki, C., Williams, A. & Stankoff, B. 2005 Promoting repair in multiple sclerosis: problems and prospects. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 18, 237-244. (doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000169739.83793.e0)
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 237-244
    • Lubetzki, C.1    Williams, A.2    Stankoff, B.3
  • 100
    • 3042601986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathology of primary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1191/1352458504ms1027oa
    • Lucchinetti, C. & Bruck, W. 2004 The pathology of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 10, S23-S30. (doi:10.1191/1352458504ms1027oa)
    • (2004) Mult. Scler , vol.10
    • Lucchinetti, C.1    Bruck, W.2
  • 101
    • 32344438401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation of human embryonic stem cells in defined conditions
    • doi:10.1038/nbt1177
    • Ludwig, T. E. et al. 2006 Derivation of human embryonic stem cells in defined conditions. Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 185-187. (doi:10.1038/nbt1177)
    • (2006) Nat. Biotechnol , vol.24 , pp. 185-187
    • Ludwig, T.E.1
  • 102
    • 0018950016 scopus 로고
    • Chronic demyelination inhibits remyelination in the central nervous system. An analysis of contributing factors
    • Ludwin, S. K. 1980 Chronic demyelination inhibits remyelination in the central nervous system. An analysis of contributing factors. Lab Invest. 43, 382-387.
    • (1980) Lab Invest , vol.43 , pp. 382-387
    • Ludwin, S.K.1
  • 103
    • 0036469299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteolipid promoter activity distinguishes two populations of NG2-positive cells throughout neonatal cortical development
    • Mallon, B. S., Shick, H. E., Kidd, G. J. & Macklin, W. B. 2002 Proteolipid promoter activity distinguishes two populations of NG2-positive cells throughout neonatal cortical development. J. Neurosci. 22, 876-885.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 876-885
    • Mallon, B.S.1    Shick, H.E.2    Kidd, G.J.3    Macklin, W.B.4
  • 104
    • 0036282171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A2B5+ and O4+ Cycling progenitors in the adult forebrain white matter respond differentially to PDGF-AA, FGF-2, and IGF-1
    • doi:10.1006/mcne.2002. 1114
    • Mason, J. L. & Goldman, J. E. 2002 A2B5+ and O4+ Cycling progenitors in the adult forebrain white matter respond differentially to PDGF-AA, FGF-2, and IGF-1. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 20, 30-42. (doi:10.1006/mcne.2002. 1114)
    • (2002) Mol. Cell Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 30-42
    • Mason, J.L.1    Goldman, J.E.2
  • 105
    • 0034254162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mason, J. L., Jones, J. J., Taniike, M., Morell, P., Suzuki, K. & Matsushima, G. K. 2000a Mature oligodendrocyte apoptosis precedes IGF-1 production and oligodendrocyte progenitor accumulation and differentiation during demyelination/remyelination. J. Neurosci. Res. 61, 251-262. (doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20000801)61:3〈251::AID-JNR3〉3.0.CO;2-W)
    • Mason, J. L., Jones, J. J., Taniike, M., Morell, P., Suzuki, K. & Matsushima, G. K. 2000a Mature oligodendrocyte apoptosis precedes IGF-1 production and oligodendrocyte progenitor accumulation and differentiation during demyelination/remyelination. J. Neurosci. Res. 61, 251-262. (doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20000801)61:3〈251::AID-JNR3〉3.0.CO;2-W)
  • 106
    • 0034255494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibits mature oligodendrocyte apoptosis during primary demyelination
    • Mason, J. L., Ye, P., Suzuki, K., D'Ercole, A. J. & Matsushima, G. K. 2000b Insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibits mature oligodendrocyte apoptosis during primary demyelination. J. Neurosci. 20, 5703-5708.
    • (2000) J. Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 5703-5708
    • Mason, J.L.1    Ye, P.2    Suzuki, K.3    D'Ercole, A.J.4    Matsushima, G.K.5
  • 107
    • 1942469329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendrocytes and progenitors become progressively depleted within chronically demyelinated lesions
    • Mason, J. L., Toews, A., Hostettler, J. D., Morell, P., Suzuki, K., Goldman, J. E. & Matsushima, G. K. 2004 Oligodendrocytes and progenitors become progressively depleted within chronically demyelinated lesions. Am. J. Pathol. 164, 1673-1682.
    • (2004) Am. J. Pathol , vol.164 , pp. 1673-1682
    • Mason, J.L.1    Toews, A.2    Hostettler, J.D.3    Morell, P.4    Suzuki, K.5    Goldman, J.E.6    Matsushima, G.K.7
  • 109
    • 0035167882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards the reconstruction of central nervous system white matter using neural precursor cells
    • doi:10.1093/brain/124.11.2147
    • Mitome, M., Low, H. P., van den, P. A., Nunnari, J. J., Wolf, M. K., Billings-Gagliardi, S. & Schwartz, W. J. 2001 Towards the reconstruction of central nervous system white matter using neural precursor cells. Brain 124, 2147-2161. (doi:10.1093/brain/124.11.2147)
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 2147-2161
    • Mitome, M.1    Low, H.P.2    van den, P.A.3    Nunnari, J.J.4    Wolf, M.K.5    Billings-Gagliardi, S.6    Schwartz, W.J.7
  • 110
    • 0030735088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murray, K. & Dubois-Dalcq, M. 1997 Emergence of oligodendrocytes from human neural spheres. J. Neurosci. Res. 50, 146-156. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19971015)50:2〈146::AID-JNR4〉3.0.CO;2-F)
    • Murray, K. & Dubois-Dalcq, M. 1997 Emergence of oligodendrocytes from human neural spheres. J. Neurosci. Res. 50, 146-156. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19971015)50:2〈146::AID-JNR4〉3.0.CO;2-F)
  • 111
    • 0033404850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progenitor cells of the adult mouse subventricular zone proliferate, migrate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes after demyelination
    • doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00873.x
    • Nait-Oumesmar, B., Decker, L., Lachapelle, F., Avellana-Adalid, V., Bachelin, C. & Van Evercooren, A. B. 1999 Progenitor cells of the adult mouse subventricular zone proliferate, migrate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes after demyelination. Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 4357-4366. (doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00873.x)
    • (1999) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 4357-4366
    • Nait-Oumesmar, B.1    Decker, L.2    Lachapelle, F.3    Avellana-Adalid, V.4    Bachelin, C.5    Van Evercooren, A.B.6
  • 112
    • 0030063699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nishiyama, A., Lin, X. H., Giese, N., Heldin, C. H. & Stallcup, W. B. 1996 Co-localization of NG2 proteoglycan and PDGF alpha-receptor on O2A progenitor cells in the developing rat brain. J. Neurosci. Res. 43, 299-314. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960201)43:3〈299:: AID-JNR5〉3.0.CO;2-E)
    • Nishiyama, A., Lin, X. H., Giese, N., Heldin, C. H. & Stallcup, W. B. 1996 Co-localization of NG2 proteoglycan and PDGF alpha-receptor on O2A progenitor cells in the developing rat brain. J. Neurosci. Res. 43, 299-314. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960201)43:3〈299:: AID-JNR5〉3.0.CO;2-E)
  • 113
    • 13544264789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human embryonic stem cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes in high purity and myelinate after spinal cord transplantation
    • doi:10.1002/glia.20127
    • Nistor, G. I., Totoiu, M. O., Haque, N., Carpenter, M. K. & Keirstead, H. S. 2005 Human embryonic stem cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes in high purity and myelinate after spinal cord transplantation. Glia 49, 385-396. (doi:10.1002/glia.20127)
    • (2005) Glia , vol.49 , pp. 385-396
    • Nistor, G.I.1    Totoiu, M.O.2    Haque, N.3    Carpenter, M.K.4    Keirstead, H.S.5
  • 114
    • 0037395114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and isolation of multipotential neural progenitor cells from the subcortical white matter of the adult human brain
    • doi:10.1038/nm837
    • Nunes, M. C., Roy, N. S., Keyoung, H. M., Goodman, R. R., McKhann, G., Jiang, L., Kang, J., Nedergaard, M. & Goldman, S. A. 2003 Identification and isolation of multipotential neural progenitor cells from the subcortical white matter of the adult human brain. Nat. Med. 9, 439-447. (doi:10.1038/nm837)
    • (2003) Nat. Med , vol.9 , pp. 439-447
    • Nunes, M.C.1    Roy, N.S.2    Keyoung, H.M.3    Goodman, R.R.4    McKhann, G.5    Jiang, L.6    Kang, J.7    Nedergaard, M.8    Goldman, S.A.9
  • 115
    • 0036154986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing local levels of IGF-I mRNA expression using adenoviral vectors does not alter oligodendrocyte remyelination in the CNS of aged rats
    • doi:10.1006/mcne.2001.1062
    • O'Leary, M. T., Hinks, G. L., Charlton, H. M. & Franklin, R. J. 2002 Increasing local levels of IGF-I mRNA expression using adenoviral vectors does not alter oligodendrocyte remyelination in the CNS of aged rats. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 19, 32-42. (doi:10.1006/mcne.2001.1062)
    • (2002) Mol. Cell Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 32-42
    • O'Leary, M.T.1    Hinks, G.L.2    Charlton, H.M.3    Franklin, R.J.4
  • 116
    • 0035799605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell culture. Progenitor cells from human brain after death
    • doi:10.1038/35075141
    • Palmer, T. D., Schwartz, P. H., Taupin, P., Kaspar, B., Stein, S. A. & Gage, F. H. 2001 Cell culture. Progenitor cells from human brain after death. Nature 411, 42-43. (doi:10.1038/35075141)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 42-43
    • Palmer, T.D.1    Schwartz, P.H.2    Taupin, P.3    Kaspar, B.4    Stein, S.A.5    Gage, F.H.6
  • 117
    • 0032053402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration in the rate of CNS remyelination in lysolecithin-induced demyelination
    • Pavelko, K. D., van Engelen, B. G. & Rodriguez, M. 1998 Acceleration in the rate of CNS remyelination in lysolecithin-induced demyelination. J. Neurosci. 18, 2498-2505.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 2498-2505
    • Pavelko, K.D.1    van Engelen, B.G.2    Rodriguez, M.3
  • 118
    • 0038692009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired remyelination and depletion of oligodendrocyte progenitors does not occur following repeated episodes of focal demyelination in the rat central nervous system
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awg126
    • Penderis, J., Shields, S. A. & Franklin, R. J. 2003a Impaired remyelination and depletion of oligodendrocyte progenitors does not occur following repeated episodes of focal demyelination in the rat central nervous system. Brain 126, 1382-1391. (doi:10.1093/brain/awg126)
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 1382-1391
    • Penderis, J.1    Shields, S.A.2    Franklin, R.J.3
  • 119
    • 1642422392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing local levels of neuregulin (glial growth factor-2) by direct infusion into areas of demyelination does not alter remyelination in the rat CNS
    • doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02969.x
    • Penderis, J., Woodruff, R. H., Lakatos, A., Li, W. W., Dunning, M. D., Zhao, C., Marchionni, M. & Franklin, R. J. 2003b Increasing local levels of neuregulin (glial growth factor-2) by direct infusion into areas of demyelination does not alter remyelination in the rat CNS. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18, 2253-2264. (doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02969.x)
    • (2003) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 2253-2264
    • Penderis, J.1    Woodruff, R.H.2    Lakatos, A.3    Li, W.W.4    Dunning, M.D.5    Zhao, C.6    Marchionni, M.7    Franklin, R.J.8
  • 120
    • 0346594337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of IGF, FGF, and anti-BMP signals via Smad1 phosphorylation in neural induction
    • doi:10.1101/gad. 1153603
    • Pera, E. M., Ikeda, A., Eivers, E. & De Robertis, E. M. 2003 Integration of IGF, FGF, and anti-BMP signals via Smad1 phosphorylation in neural induction. Genes Dev. 17, 3023-3028. (doi:10.1101/gad. 1153603)
    • (2003) Genes Dev , vol.17 , pp. 3023-3028
    • Pera, E.M.1    Ikeda, A.2    Eivers, E.3    De Robertis, E.M.4
  • 121
    • 0036789957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mobilizes neural progenitors from the subventricular zone to undergo oligodendrogenesis in adult mice
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.192314199
    • Picard-Riera, N., Decker, L., Delarasse, C., Goude, K., Nait-Oumesmar, B., Liblau, R., Pham-Dinh, D. & Evercooren, A. B. 2002 Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mobilizes neural progenitors from the subventricular zone to undergo oligodendrogenesis in adult mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 13 211-13 216. (doi:10.1073/pnas.192314199)
    • (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99
    • Picard-Riera, N.1    Decker, L.2    Delarasse, C.3    Goude, K.4    Nait-Oumesmar, B.5    Liblau, R.6    Pham-Dinh, D.7    Evercooren, A.B.8
  • 122
    • 9444237918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human antibody that promotes remyelination enters the CNS and decreases lesion load as detected by T2-weighted spinal cord MRI in a virus-induced murine model of MS
    • Pirko, I. et al. 2004 A human antibody that promotes remyelination enters the CNS and decreases lesion load as detected by T2-weighted spinal cord MRI in a virus-induced murine model of MS. FASEB J. 18, 1577-1579.
    • (2004) FASEB J , vol.18 , pp. 1577-1579
    • Pirko, I.1
  • 123
    • 84979726329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injection of adult neurospheres induces recovery in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1038/nature01552
    • Pluchino, S. et al. 2003 Injection of adult neurospheres induces recovery in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis. Nature 422, 688-694. (doi:10.1038/nature01552)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 688-694
    • Pluchino, S.1
  • 124
    • 22444450988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurosphere-derived multipotent precursors promote neuroprotection by an immunomodulatory mechanism
    • doi:10.1038/nature03889
    • Pluchino, S. et al. 2005 Neurosphere-derived multipotent precursors promote neuroprotection by an immunomodulatory mechanism. Nature 436, 266-271. (doi:10.1038/nature03889)
    • (2005) Nature , vol.436 , pp. 266-271
    • Pluchino, S.1
  • 125
    • 0018410045 scopus 로고
    • Remyelination in multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1002/ana.410050105
    • Prineas, J. W. & Connell, F. 1979 Remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 5, 22-31. (doi:10.1002/ana.410050105)
    • (1979) Ann. Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 22-31
    • Prineas, J.W.1    Connell, F.2
  • 126
    • 0033199313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinn, S. M., Walters, W. M., Vescovi, A. L. & Whittemore, S. R. 1999 Lineage restriction of neuroepithelial precursor cells from fetal human spinal cord. J. Neurosci. Res. 57, 590-602. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097- 4547(19990901)57:5〈590::AID-JNR2〉3.0.CO;2-X)
    • Quinn, S. M., Walters, W. M., Vescovi, A. L. & Whittemore, S. R. 1999 Lineage restriction of neuroepithelial precursor cells from fetal human spinal cord. J. Neurosci. Res. 57, 590-602. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097- 4547(19990901)57:5〈590::AID-JNR2〉3.0.CO;2-X)
  • 127
    • 0037012844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal self-destruction and neurodegeneration
    • doi:10.1126/science.1068613
    • Raff, M. C., Whitmore, A. V. & Finn, J. T. 2002 Axonal self-destruction and neurodegeneration. Science 296, 868-871. (doi:10.1126/science.1068613)
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 868-871
    • Raff, M.C.1    Whitmore, A.V.2    Finn, J.T.3
  • 128
    • 0024409098 scopus 로고
    • Axonal dystrophy as a consequence of long-term demyelination
    • Raine, C. S. & Cross, A. H. 1989 Axonal dystrophy as a consequence of long-term demyelination. Lab Invest. 60, 714-725.
    • (1989) Lab Invest , vol.60 , pp. 714-725
    • Raine, C.S.1    Cross, A.H.2
  • 129
    • 0032533690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redwine, J. M. & Armstrong, R. C. 1998 In vivo proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors expressing PDGFalphaR during early remyelination. J. Neurobiol. 37, 413-428. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(19981115) 37:3〈413:: AID-NEU7〉3.0.CO;2-8)
    • Redwine, J. M. & Armstrong, R. C. 1998 In vivo proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors expressing PDGFalphaR during early remyelination. J. Neurobiol. 37, 413-428. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(19981115) 37:3〈413:: AID-NEU7〉3.0.CO;2-8)
  • 131
    • 0037379348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A function of myelin is to protect axons from subsequent injury: Implications for deficits in multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awg070
    • Rodriguez, M. 2003 A function of myelin is to protect axons from subsequent injury: implications for deficits in multiple sclerosis. Brain 126, 751-752. (doi:10.1093/brain/awg070)
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 751-752
    • Rodriguez, M.1
  • 132
    • 0033571859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification, isolation, and promoter-defined separation of mitotic oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from the adult human subcortical white matter
    • Roy, N. S., Wang, S., Harrison-Restelli, C., Benraiss, A., Fraser, R. A., Gravel, M., Braun, P. E. & Goldman, S. A. 1999 Identification, isolation, and promoter-defined separation of mitotic oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from the adult human subcortical white matter. J. Neurosci. 19, 9986-9995.
    • (1999) J. Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 9986-9995
    • Roy, N.S.1    Wang, S.2    Harrison-Restelli, C.3    Benraiss, A.4    Fraser, R.A.5    Gravel, M.6    Braun, P.E.7    Goldman, S.A.8
  • 133
    • 1442354188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique astrocyte ribbon in adult human brain contains neural stem cells but lacks chain migration
    • doi:10.1038/nature02301
    • Sanai, N. et al. 2004 Unique astrocyte ribbon in adult human brain contains neural stem cells but lacks chain migration. Nature 19, 740-744. (doi:10.1038/nature02301)
    • (2004) Nature , vol.19 , pp. 740-744
    • Sanai, N.1
  • 134
    • 0029781743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendroglia regulate the regional expansion of axon caliber and local accumulation of neurofilaments during development independently of myelin formation
    • Sanchez, I., Hassinger, L., Paskevich, P. A., Shine, H. D. & Nixon, R. A. 1996 Oligodendroglia regulate the regional expansion of axon caliber and local accumulation of neurofilaments during development independently of myelin formation. J. Neurosci. 16, 5095-5105.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 5095-5105
    • Sanchez, I.1    Hassinger, L.2    Paskevich, P.A.3    Shine, H.D.4    Nixon, R.A.5
  • 135
    • 4744347671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identified olfactory ensheathing cells transplanted into the transected dorsal funiculus bridge the lesion and form myelin
    • doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1998-04.2004
    • Sasaki, M., Lankford, K. L., Zemedkun, M. & Kocsis, J. D. 2004 Identified olfactory ensheathing cells transplanted into the transected dorsal funiculus bridge the lesion and form myelin. J. Neurosci. 24, 8485-8493. (doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1998-04.2004)
    • (2004) J. Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 8485-8493
    • Sasaki, M.1    Lankford, K.L.2    Zemedkun, M.3    Kocsis, J.D.4
  • 136
    • 0032948049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal pathology in demyelinating diseases
    • doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199901) 45:::AID- ART3〉3.0.CO;2-3
    • Scherer, S. 1999 Axonal pathology in demyelinating diseases. Ann. Neurol. 45, 6-7. (doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199901) 45:1〈6::AID- ART3〉3.0.CO;2-3)
    • (1999) Ann. Neurol , vol.45
    • Scherer, S.1
  • 137
    • 0031797815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendrocyte progenitors are present in the normal adult human CNS and in the lesions of multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1093/brain/121.12.2221
    • Scolding, N., Franklin, R., Stevens, S., Heldin, C. H., Compston, A. & Newcombe, J. 1998 Oligodendrocyte progenitors are present in the normal adult human CNS and in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. Brain 121, 2221-2228. (doi:10.1093/brain/121.12.2221)
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 2221-2228
    • Scolding, N.1    Franklin, R.2    Stevens, S.3    Heldin, C.H.4    Compston, A.5    Newcombe, J.6
  • 138
    • 4644292370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell types, lineage, and architecture of the germinal zone in the adult dentate gyrus
    • doi:10.1002/cne.20288
    • Seri, B., Garcia-Verdugo, J. M., Collado-Morente, L., McEwen, B. S. & Alvarez-Buylla, A. 2004 Cell types, lineage, and architecture of the germinal zone in the adult dentate gyrus. J. Comp. Neurol. 478, 359-378. (doi:10.1002/cne.20288)
    • (2004) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.478 , pp. 359-378
    • Seri, B.1    Garcia-Verdugo, J.M.2    Collado-Morente, L.3    McEwen, B.S.4    Alvarez-Buylla, A.5
  • 139
    • 0036382851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the POU-domain transcription factors SCIP/Oct-6 and Brn-2 is associated with Schwann cell but not oligodendrocyte remyelination of the CNS
    • doi:10.1006/mcne.2002. 1145
    • Sim, F. J., Zhao, C., Li, W. W., Lakatos, A. & Franklin, R. J. 2002a Expression of the POU-domain transcription factors SCIP/Oct-6 and Brn-2 is associated with Schwann cell but not oligodendrocyte remyelination of the CNS. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 20, 669-682. (doi:10.1006/mcne.2002. 1145)
    • (2002) Mol. Cell Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 669-682
    • Sim, F.J.1    Zhao, C.2    Li, W.W.3    Lakatos, A.4    Franklin, R.J.5
  • 140
    • 0036549138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The age-related decrease in CNS remyelination efficiency is attributable to an impairment of both oligodendrocyte progenitor recruitment and differentiation
    • Sim, F. J., Zhao, C., Penderis, J. & Franklin, R. J. 2002b The age-related decrease in CNS remyelination efficiency is attributable to an impairment of both oligodendrocyte progenitor recruitment and differentiation. J. Neurosci. 22, 2451-2459.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 2451-2459
    • Sim, F.J.1    Zhao, C.2    Penderis, J.3    Franklin, R.J.4
  • 141
    • 0034256028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the beta-chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5 in multiple sclerosis central nervous system tissue
    • doi:10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00274-5
    • Simpson, J., Rezaie, P., Newcombe, J., Cuzner, M. L., Male, D. & Woodroofe, M. N. 2000 Expression of the beta-chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5 in multiple sclerosis central nervous system tissue. J. Neuroimmunol. 108, 192-200. (doi:10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00274-5)
    • (2000) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.108 , pp. 192-200
    • Simpson, J.1    Rezaie, P.2    Newcombe, J.3    Cuzner, M.L.4    Male, D.5    Woodroofe, M.N.6
  • 142
    • 0033916198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Porcine neural progenitors require commitment to the oligodendrocyte lineage prior to transplantation in order to achieve significant remyelination of demyelinated lesions in the adult CNS
    • doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568. 2000.00137.x
    • Smith, P. M. & Blakemore, W. F. 2000 Porcine neural progenitors require commitment to the oligodendrocyte lineage prior to transplantation in order to achieve significant remyelination of demyelinated lesions in the adult CNS. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12, 2414-2424. (doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568. 2000.00137.x)
    • (2000) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 2414-2424
    • Smith, P.M.1    Blakemore, W.F.2
  • 143
    • 22144491551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells express a restricted set of functionally active chemokine receptors capable of promoting migration to pancreatic islets
    • doi:10.1182/blood-2004-09-3507
    • Sordi, V. et al. 2005 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells express a restricted set of functionally active chemokine receptors capable of promoting migration to pancreatic islets. Blood 106, 419-427. (doi:10.1182/blood-2004-09-3507)
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 419-427
    • Sordi, V.1
  • 144
    • 0032531887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple restricted origin of oligodendrocytes
    • Spassky, N. et al. 1998 Multiple restricted origin of oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. 18, 8331-8343.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 8331-8343
    • Spassky, N.1
  • 145
    • 0034650932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spassky, N., Olivier, C., Perez-Villegas, E., Goujet-Zalc, C., Martinez, S., Thomas, J. & Zalc, B. 2000 Single or multiple oligodendroglial lineages: a controversy. Glia 29, 143-148. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098- 1136(20000115)29:2〈143::AID-GLIA7〉3.0.CO;2-D)
    • Spassky, N., Olivier, C., Perez-Villegas, E., Goujet-Zalc, C., Martinez, S., Thomas, J. & Zalc, B. 2000 Single or multiple oligodendroglial lineages: a controversy. Glia 29, 143-148. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098- 1136(20000115)29:2〈143::AID-GLIA7〉3.0.CO;2-D)
  • 148
    • 33747195353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors
    • doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024
    • Takahashi, K. & Yamanaka, S. 2006 Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126, 663-676. (doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024)
    • (2006) Cell , vol.126 , pp. 663-676
    • Takahashi, K.1    Yamanaka, S.2
  • 149
    • 0035793380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of replicative senescence in cultured rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells
    • doi:10.1126/science. 1056780
    • Tang, D. G., Tokumoto, Y. M., Apperly, J. A., Lloyd, A. C. & Raff, M. C. 2001 Lack of replicative senescence in cultured rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Science 291, 868-871. (doi:10.1126/science. 1056780)
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 868-871
    • Tang, D.G.1    Tokumoto, Y.M.2    Apperly, J.A.3    Lloyd, A.C.4    Raff, M.C.5
  • 150
    • 0037041427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow cells adopt the phenotype of other cells by spontaneous cell fusion
    • doi:10.1038/nature730
    • Terada, N. et al. 2002 Bone marrow cells adopt the phenotype of other cells by spontaneous cell fusion. Nature 416, 542-545. (doi:10.1038/nature730)
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 542-545
    • Terada, N.1
  • 152
    • 1842480332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokine receptors are expressed widely by embryonic and adult neural progenitor cells
    • doi:10.1002/jnr.20001
    • Tran, P. B., Ren, D., Veldhouse, T. J. & Miller, R. J. 2004 Chemokine receptors are expressed widely by embryonic and adult neural progenitor cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 76, 20-34. (doi:10.1002/jnr.20001)
    • (2004) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.76 , pp. 20-34
    • Tran, P.B.1    Ren, D.2    Veldhouse, T.J.3    Miller, R.J.4
  • 153
    • 0032576752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis
    • doi:10.1056/NEJM199801293380502
    • Trapp, B. D., Peterson, J., Ransohoff, R. M., Rudick, R., Mork, S. & Bo, L. 1998 Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N. Eng. J. Med. 338, 278-285. (doi:10.1056/NEJM199801293380502)
    • (1998) N. Eng. J. Med , vol.338 , pp. 278-285
    • Trapp, B.D.1    Peterson, J.2    Ransohoff, R.M.3    Rudick, R.4    Mork, S.5    Bo, L.6
  • 154
    • 11344261775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple dorsoventral origins of oligodendrocyte generation in the spinal cord and hindbrain
    • doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.026
    • Vallstedt, A., Klos, J. M. & Ericson, J. 2005 Multiple dorsoventral origins of oligodendrocyte generation in the spinal cord and hindbrain. Neuron 45, 55-67. (doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.026)
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.45 , pp. 55-67
    • Vallstedt, A.1    Klos, J.M.2    Ericson, J.3
  • 156
    • 0037106212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of proliferated NG2-positive glial progenitor cells in a remyelinating lesion
    • doi:10.1002/jnr.10338
    • Watanabe, M., Toyama, Y. & Nishiyama, A. 2002 Differentiation of proliferated NG2-positive glial progenitor cells in a remyelinating lesion. J. Neurosci. Res. 69, 826-836. (doi:10.1002/jnr.10338)
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.69 , pp. 826-836
    • Watanabe, M.1    Toyama, Y.2    Nishiyama, A.3
  • 157
    • 2442662996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient upregulation of Nkx2.2 expression in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during remyelination
    • doi:10.1002/glia.20006
    • Watanabe, M., Hadzic, T. & Nishiyama, A. 2004 Transient upregulation of Nkx2.2 expression in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during remyelination. Glia 46, 311-322. (doi:10.1002/glia.20006)
    • (2004) Glia , vol.46 , pp. 311-322
    • Watanabe, M.1    Hadzic, T.2    Nishiyama, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.