Disease modification in Parkinson's disease

Lancet Neurology

Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 362-368

  Schapira, Anthony H V ^a,b  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AMANTADINE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CREATINE; CYCLOOXYGENASE 1 INHIBITOR; CYCLOSPORIN A; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; GANGLIOSIDE GM1; GLIAL CELL LINE DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; GLYCERALDEHYDE 3 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; GPI 1485; LEVODOPA; MINOCYCLINE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PLACEBO; PRAMIPEXOLE; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; RASAGILINE; REMACEMIDE; RILUZOLE; ROPINIROLE; SELEGILINE; TACROLIMUS; TCH 346; UBIDECARENONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

CELL DAMAGE; CELL DEATH; CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG USE; DYSKINESIA; ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FAMILIAL DISEASE; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE MUTATION; HEREDITY; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; IDIOPATHIC DISEASE; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TOXICITY;

ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; NERVE TISSUE PROTEINS; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARKINSON DISEASE; SYNUCLEINS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 2442570592     PISSN: 14744422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00769-0     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Seidler A, Hellenbrand W, Robra BP, et al. Possible environmental, occupational, and other etiologic factors for Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in Germany. Neurology. 46:1996;1275-1284
2. Koller W, Vetere-Overfield B, Gray C, et al. Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 40:1990;1218-1221
3. Semchuk KM, Love EJ, Lee RF. Parkinson's disease and exposure to rural environmental factors: a population based case-control study. Can J Neurol Sci. 18:1991;279-286
4. Betarbet R, Sherer TB, MacKenzie G, et al. Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson's disease. Nat Neurosci. 3:2000;1301-1306
5. Manning-Bog AB, McCormack AL, Li J, et al. The herbicide paraquat causes up-regulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein in mice: paraquat and alpha-synuclein. Biol Chem. 277:2002;1641-1644
6. Champy P, Hoglinger GU, Feger J, et al. Annonacin, a lipophilic inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, induces nigral and striatal neurodegeneration in rats: possible relevance for atypical parkinsonism in Guadeloupe. J Neurochem. 88:2004;63-69
7. Tipton KF, Singer TP. Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of the neurotoxicity of MPTP and related compounds. J Neurochem. 61:1993;1191-1206
8. Barbeau A, Roy M, Bernier G, Campanella G, Paris S. Ecogenetics of Parkinson's disease: prevalence and environmental aspects in rural areas. Can J Neurol Sci. 14:1987;36-41
9. Rajput AH, Uitti RJ, Stern W, et al. Geography, drinking water chemistry, pesticides, and herbicides and the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Can J Neurol Sci. 14:1987;414-418
10. Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Mateo D, Giménez-Roldán S. Exposure to well water and pesticides in Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in the Madrid area. Mov Disord. 7:1992;149-152
11. Baron JA. Cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 36:1986;1490-1496
12. Ascherio A, Zhang SM, Hernan MA, et al. Prospective study of caffeine consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease in men and women. Ann Neurol. 50:2001;56-63
13. McGeer PL, Itagaki S, Boyes BE, McGeer EG. Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains. Neurology. 38:1988;1285-1291
14. Boka G, Anglade P, Wallach D, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor necrosis factor and its receptors in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett. 172:1994;151-154
15. Hunot S, Dugas N, Faucheux B, et al. FcepsilonRII/CD23 is expressed in Parkinson's disease and induces, in vitro, production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor- in glial cells. J Neurosci. 19:1999;3440-3447
16. McGeer PL, Schulzer M, McGeer EG. Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease: a review of 17 epidemiologic studies. Neurology. 47:1996;425-432
17. In t' Veld BA, Ruitenberg A, Hofman A, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 345:2001;1515-1521
18. Chen H, Zhang SM, Hernan MA, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol. 60:2003;1059-1064
19. Tanner CM, Ottman R, Goldman SM, et al. Parkinson disease in twins: an etiologic study. JAMA. 281:1999;341-346
20. Piccini P, Burn DJ, Ceravolo R, et al. The role of inheritance in sporadic Parkinson's disease: evidence from a longitudinal study of dopaminergic function in twins. Ann Neurol. 45:1999;577-582
21. Warner TT, Schapira AH. Genetic and environmental factors in the cause of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 53:2003;S16-S23
22. Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E, et al. Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease. Science. 276:1997;2045-2047
23. Krüger R, Kuhn W, Muller T, et al. Ala39Pro mutation in the gene encoding α synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet. 18:1998;106-108
24. Singleton AB, Farrer M, Johnson J, et al. Alpha-Synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson's disease. Science. 302:2003;841
25. Farrer M, Kachergus J, Forno L, et al. Comparison of kindreds with parkinsonism and alpha-synuclein genomic multiplications. Ann Neurol. 55:2004;174-179
26. Zarranz JJ, Alegre J, Gomez-Esteban JC, et al. The new mutation, E46K, of alpha-synuclein causes Parkinson and Lewy body dementia. Ann Neurol. 55:2004;164-173
27. Spillantini MG, Schmidt ML, Lee VM, et al. Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies. Nature. 388:1997;839-840
28. Kitada T, Asakawa S, Hattori N, et al. Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Nature. 392:1998;605-608
29. Shimura H, Hattori N, Kubo S, et al. Familial Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, is a ubiquitin-protein ligase. Nat Genet. 25:2000;302-305
30. Zhang Y, Gao J, Chung KK, et al. Parkin functions as an E2-dependent ubiquitin-protein ligase and promotes the degradation of the synaptic vesicle-associated protein, CDCrel-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 97:2000;13354-13359
31. Leroy E, Boyer R, Auburger G, et al. The ubiquitin pathway in Parkinson's disease. Nature. 395:1998;451-452
32. McNaught KS, Jenner P. Proteasomal function is impaired in substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett. 297:2001;191-194
33. McNaught KS, Belezaire R, Isacson O, et al. Altered proteasomal function in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol. 179:2003;38-46
34. Abeliovich A, Schmitz Y, Farinas I, et al. Mice lacking alpha-synuclein display functional deficits in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Neuron. 25:2000;239-252
35. Masliah E, Rockenstein E, Vienbergs I, et al. Dopaminergic loss and inclusion body formation in α-synuclein mice: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. Science. 287:2000;1265-1269
36. Feany M, Bender W. A Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Nature. 101:2000;451-454
37. Giasson BI, Duda JE, Quinn SM, et al. Neuronal alpha-synucleinopathy with severe movement disorder in mice expressing A53T human alpha-synuclein. Neuron. 34:2002;521-533
38. Hashimoto M, Rockenstein E, Mante M, et al. Beta-Synuclein inhibits alpha-synuclein aggregation: a possible role as an anti-parkinsonian factor. Neuron. 32:2001;213-223
39. Goldberg MS, Fleming SM, Palacino JJ, et al. Parkin-deficient mice exhibit nigrostriatal deficits but no loss of dopaminergic neurons. J Biol Chem. 278:2003;43628-43635
40. Saudou F, Finkbeiner S, Devys D, Greenberg ME. Huntingtin acts in the nucleus to induce apoptosis but death does not correlate with the formation of intranuclear inclusions. Cell. 95:1998;55-66
41. Conway KA, Lee SJ, Rochet JC, et al. Acceleration of oligomerization, not fibrillization, is a shared property of both alpha-synuclein mutations linked to early-onset Parkinson's disease: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 97:2000;571-576
42. Conway KA, Rochet JC, Bieganski RM, Lansbury PT Jr. Kinetic stabilization of the alpha-synuclein protofibril by a dopamine-alpha-synuclein adduct. Science. 2001; 294: 1346-49.
43. Beal MF. Bioenergetic approaches for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 53:(suppl 3):2003;S39-S47
44. Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Molecular pathways of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Science. 302:2003;819-822
45. Voges D, Zwickl P, Baumeister W. The 26S proteasome: a molecular machine designed for controlled proteolysis. Annu Rev Biochem. 68:1999;1015-1068
46. Benaroudj N, Zwickl P, Seemuller E, Baumeister W, Goldberg AL. ATP hydrolysis by the proteasome regulatory complex PAN serves multiple functions in protein degradation. Mol Cell. 11:2003;69-78
47. Hoglinger GU, Carrard G, Michel PP, et al. Dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I and the proteasome: interactions between two biochemical deficits in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem. 86:2003;1297-1307
48. Parkinson's Disease Study Group. Effects of tocopherol and deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 176-83.
49. Olanow CW, Hauser RA, Gauger L, et al. The effect of deprenyl and levodopa on the progression of signs and symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 38:1995;771-777
50. Shoulson I, Oakes D, Fahn S, et al. Impact of sustained deprenyl (selegiline) in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease:a randomized placebo-controlled extension of the deprenyl and tocopherol antioxidative therapy of parkinsonism trial. Ann Neurol. 51:2002;604-612
51. Schapira AH, Cooper JM, Dexter D, et al. Mitochondrial complex I deficiency in Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 1:1989;1269
52. Shults CW, Haas RH, Passov D, Beal MF. Coenzyme Q10 levels correlate with the activities of complexes I and II/III in mitochondria from parkinsonian and nonparkinsonian subjects. Ann Neurol. 42:1997;261-264
53. Shults CW, Oakes D, Kieburtz K, et al. Effects of coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: evidence of slowing of the functional decline 307. Arch Neurol. 59:2002;1541-1550
54. Rascol O, Olanow CW, Brooks D, et al. A 2-year multicenter placebo-contolled, double-blind, parallel group study of the effect of riluzole on Parkinson's disease progression. Mov Disord. 17:2002;39
55. Dawson TM, Steiner JP, Dawson VL, Dinerman JL, Uhl GR, Snyder SH. Immunosuppressant FK506 enhances phosphorylation of nitric oxide synthase and protects against glutamate neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90:1993;9808-9812
56. Guo X, Dillman JF 3rd, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Neuroimmunophilins: novel neuroprotective and neuroregenerative targets. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 6-16.
57. Pompl PN. Caspase gene expression in the brain as a function of the clinical progression of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 60:2003;369-376
58. Przedborski S, Clarke PGH. Pathology of motor neuron disorders. Shaw PJ, Strong MJ. Motor neuron disorders. 2003;357-377 Butterworth-Heinmann, Boston
59. Chen M, Ona VO, Li M, Ferrante RJ, et al. Minocycline inhibits caspase-1 and caspase-3 expression and delays mortality in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington disease. Nat Med. 6:2000;797-801
60. Smith DL, Woodman B, Mahal A, et al. Minocycline and doxycycline are not beneficial in a model of Huntington's disease. Ann Neurol. 54:2003;186-196
61. Chen M, Ona VO, Li M, et al. Minocycline inhibits caspase-1 and caspase-3 expression and delays mortality in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington disease. Nat Med. 6:2000;797-801
62. Zhu S, Stavrovskaya IG, Drozda M, et al. Minocycline inhibits cytochrome c release and delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice. Nature. 417:2002;74-78
63. Amin AR, Attur MG, Thakker GD, et al. A novel mechanism of action of tetracyclines: effects on nitric oxide synthases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;14014-14019
64. Yrjanheikki J, Keinanen R, Pellikka M, et al. Tetracyclines inhibit microglial activation and are neuroprotective in global brain ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:1998;15769-15774
65. Du Y, Ma Z, Lin S, et al. Minocycline prevents nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:2001;14669-14674
66. He Y, Appel S, Le W. Minocycline inhibits microglial activation and protects nigral cells after 6-hydroxydopamine injection into mouse striatum. Brain Res. 909:2001;187-193
67. Tikka T, Fiebich BL, Goldsteins G, et al. Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, is neuroprotective against excitotoxicity by inhibiting activation and proliferation of microglia. J Neurosci. 21:2001;2580-2588
68. Tikka TM, Koistinaho JE. Minocycline provides neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglia. J Immunol. 166:2001;7527-7533
69. Wu DC, Jackson-Lewis V, Vila M, et al. Blockade of microglial activation is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson disease. J Neurosci. 22:2002;1763-1771
70. Du Y, Ma Z, Lin S, et al. Minocycline prevents nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:2001;14669-14674
71. Yang L, Sugama S, Chirichigno JW, et al. Minocycline enhances MPTP toxicity to dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci Res. 74:2003;278-285
72. Parkinson Study Group. A controlled trial of rasagiline in early Parkinson disease: the TEMPO Study. Arch Neurol 2002; 59: 1937-43.
73. Akao Y, Maruyama W, Shimizu S, et al. Mitochondrial permeability transition mediates apoptosis induced by N-methyl(R)salsolinol, an endogenous neurotoxin, and is inhibited by Bcl-2 and rasagiline, N-propargyl-1(R)- aminoindan. J Neurochem. 82:2002;913-923
74. Kragten E, Lalande I, Zimmermann K, et al. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the putative target of the antiapoptotic compounds CGP 3466 and R-(-)-deprenyl. J Biol Chem. 273:1998;5821-5828
75. Rascol O, Brooks DJ, Korczyn AD, et al. A five year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa. N Engl J Med. 342:2000;1484-1491
76. Parkinson Study Group. Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease. JAMA 2000; 284: 231-38.
77. Rinne UK, Bracco F, Chouza C, et al. Early treatment of Parkinson's disease with cabergoline delays the onset of motor complications: results of a double-blind levodopa controlled trial. Drugs. 55:(suppl 1):1998;23-30
78. Schapira AH, Olanow CW. Rationale for the use of dopamine agonists as neuroprotective agents in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 53:2003;S149-S157
79. Schapira AH. Neuroprotection in PD-a role for dopamine agonists? Neurology. 61:2003;S34-S42
80. Le WD, Jankovic J. Are dopamine receptor agonists neuroprotective in Parkinson's disease? Drugs Aging. 18:2001;389-396
81. Schapira AH. Dopamine agonists and neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol. 3:2002;7-14
82. King DF, Cooper JM, Schapira AHV. Pramipexole protects against MPP+ toxicity in SHSY5Y cells by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. Neurology. 56:2001;377-388
83. Cassarino DS, Fall CP, Smith TS, et al. Pramipexole reduces reactive oxygen species production in vivo and in vitro and inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition produced by the parkinsonian neurotoxin methylpyridinium ion. J Neurochem. 71:1998;295-301
84. Jenner P, Iravani M, Haddon C, et al. Pramipexole protects against MPTP-induced nigral dopaminergic cell loss in primates. Neurology. 58:2002;494
85. Parkinson's disease Study Group. Dopamine transporter brain imaging to assess the effects of Pramipexole vs levodopa Parkinson's disease progression. JAMA 2002; 287: 1653-61.
86. Whone A, Watts R, Stoessl J, et al. Slower progression of Parkinson's disease with ropinirole versus levodopa: the REAL-PET study. Ann Neurol. 54:2003;93-101
87. Morrish P, Rakshi J, Bailey D, Sawle G, Brooks D. Measuring the rate of progression and estimating the preclinical period of Parkinson's disease with [18F} dopa PET. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 64:1998;314-319
88. Nurmi E, Ruottinen H, Kaasinen V, et al. Progression in Parkinson's disease: a positron emission tomography study with a dopamine transporter ligand [18F} CFT. Ann Neurol. 47:2000;804-808
89. Pirker W, Djamshidian S, Asenbaum S, et al. Progression of dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism: a longitudinal β-CIT SPECT study. Mov Disord. 17:2002;45-53
90. Snow BJ, Tooyama I, McGeer EG, et al. Human positron emission tomographic [18]flourodopa studies correlate with dopamine cell counts and levels. Ann Neurol. 34:1993;342-530
91. Schapira AH, Olanow CW. Neuroprotection in Parkinson disease: mysteries, myths, and misconceptions. JAMA. 291:2004;358-364
92. Ahlskog JE. Slowing Parkinson's disease progression: recent dopamine agonist trials. Neurology. 60:2003;381-389
93. Morrish PK. REAL and CALM: what have we learned? Mov Disord. 18:2003;839-840
94. Fahn S, Parkinson's Study Group. Clinical trials in movement disorders. Mov Disord 2002; 17: S13-14.
95. Freed CR, Greene PE, Breeze RE, et al. Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 344:2001;710-719
96. Olanow CW, Goetz CG, Kordower JH, et al. A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 54:2003;403-414
97. Grondin R, Zhang Z, Yi A, et al. Chronic, controlled GDNF infusion promotes structural and functional recovery in advanced parkinsonian monkeys. Brain. 125:2002;2191-2201
98. Kordower JH, Emborg ME, Bloch J, et al. Neurodegeneration prevented by lentiviral vector delivery of GDNF in primate models of Parkinson's disease. Science. 290:2000;767-773
99. Kordower JH, Palfi S, Chen EY, et al. Clinicopathological findings following intraventricular glial-derived neurotrophic factor treatment in a patient with Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol. 46:1999;419-424
100. Nutt JG, Burchiel KJ, Comella CL, et al. ICV GDNF Study Group. Implanted intracerebroventricular Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor: randomized, double-blind trial of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in PD. Neurology. 60:2003;69-73
101. Gill SS, Patel NK, Hotton GR, et al. Direct brain infusion of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in Parkinson disease. Nat Med. 9:2003;589-595