메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue , 2003, Pages 293-340

Patterns of Human Genetic Diversity: Implications for Human Evolutionary History and Disease

Author keywords

Association studies; Genetic mapping; Haplotypes; Human origins; Linkage disequilibrium; Natural selection; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; AFRICA; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; EVOLUTION; GENE LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENE MAPPING; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC DRIFT; GENETIC SELECTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOME; HUMAN; MIGRATION; MUTATION; NATURAL SELECTION; POPULATION RESEARCH; POPULATION SIZE; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PRIMATE; REVIEW; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS;

EID: 0242524432     PISSN: 15278204     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genom.4.070802.110226     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (299)

References (304)
  • 1
    • 0036911353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrogating a high-density SNP map for signatures of natural selection
    • Akey JM, Zhang G, Zhang K, Jin L, Shriver MD. 2002. Interrogating a high-density SNP map for signatures of natural selection. Genome Res. 12:1805-14
    • (2002) Genome Res. , vol.12 , pp. 1805-1814
    • Akey, J.M.1    Zhang, G.2    Zhang, K.3    Jin, L.4    Shriver, M.D.5
  • 2
    • 0035969997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A highly variable segment of human subterminal 16p reveals a history of population growth for modern humans outside Africa
    • Alonso S, Armour JA. 2001. A highly variable segment of human subterminal 16p reveals a history of population growth for modern humans outside Africa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 864-69
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 864-869
    • Alonso, S.1    Armour, J.A.2
  • 3
    • 0035546073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive hitchhiking effects on genome variability
    • Andolfatto P. 2001. Adaptive hitchhiking effects on genome variability. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11:635-41
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 635-641
    • Andolfatto, P.1
  • 4
    • 0035546072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide variation in the human and fruitfly: A comparison
    • Aquadro CF, DuMont VB, Reed FA. 2001. Genome-wide variation in the human and fruitfly: a comparison. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11:627-34
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 627-634
    • Aquadro, C.F.1    DuMont, V.B.2    Reed, F.A.3
  • 5
    • 0036556373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of population isolates
    • Arcos-Burgos M, Muenke M. 2002. Genetics of population isolates. Clin. Genet. 61:233-47
    • (2002) Clin. Genet. , vol.61 , pp. 233-247
    • Arcos-Burgos, M.1    Muenke, M.2
  • 6
    • 0036208832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the human genome
    • Ardlie KG, Kruglyak L, Seielstad M. 2002. Patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the human genome. Nat. Rev. Genet. 3:299-309
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 299-309
    • Ardlie, K.G.1    Kruglyak, L.2    Seielstad, M.3
  • 7
    • 9044243028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minisatellite diversity supports a recent African origin for modern humans
    • Armour JA, Anttinen T, May CA, Vega EE, Sajantila A, et al. 1996. Minisatellite diversity supports a recent African origin for modern humans. Nat. Genet. 13:154-60
    • (1996) Nat. Genet. , vol.13 , pp. 154-160
    • Armour, J.A.1    Anttinen, T.2    May, C.A.3    Vega, E.E.4    Sajantila, A.5
  • 8
    • 0033994020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference from gene trees in a subdivided population
    • Bahlo M, Griffiths RC. 2000. Inference from gene trees in a subdivided population. Theor. Popul. Biol. 57:79-95
    • (2000) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.57 , pp. 79-95
    • Bahlo, M.1    Griffiths, R.C.2
  • 11
    • 0037307413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signatures of natural selection in the human genome
    • Bamshad M, Wooding SP. 2003. Signatures of natural selection in the human genome. Nat. Rev. Genet. 4:99-111
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.4 , pp. 99-111
    • Bamshad, M.1    Wooding, S.P.2
  • 12
    • 0032900678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies
    • Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Rohl A. 1999. Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16:37-48
    • (1999) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 37-48
    • Bandelt, H.J.1    Forster, P.2    Rohl, A.3
  • 15
    • 0002890228 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of southwest Asia to the study of modern human origins
    • ed. MH Nitecki, DV Nitecki, New York: Plenum Press
    • Bar-Yosef O. 1994. The contribution of southwest Asia to the study of modern human origins. In Origins of Anatomically Modern Humans, ed. MH Nitecki, DV Nitecki, pp. 22-36. New York: Plenum Press
    • (1994) Origins of Anatomically Modern Humans , pp. 22-36
    • Bar-Yosef, O.1
  • 16
    • 0036250811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alu repeats and human genomic diversity
    • Batzer MA, Deininger PL. 2002. Alu repeats and human genomic diversity. Nat. Rev. Genet. 3:370-79
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 370-379
    • Batzer, M.A.1    Deininger, P.L.2
  • 17
    • 0032713236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting population expansion and decline using microsatellites
    • Beaumont MA. 1999. Detecting population expansion and decline using microsatellites. Genetics 153:2013-29
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.153 , pp. 2013-2029
    • Beaumont, M.A.1
  • 18
    • 0034575122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human major histocompatibility complex: Lessons from the DNA sequence
    • Beck S, Trowsdale J. 2000. The human major histocompatibility complex: Lessons from the DNA sequence. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 1:117-37
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. , vol.1 , pp. 117-137
    • Beck, S.1    Trowsdale, J.2
  • 19
    • 0035836728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation of a migration matrix and effective population sizes in n subpopulations by using a coalescent approach
    • Beerli P, Felsenstein J. 2001. Maximum likelihood estimation of a migration matrix and effective population sizes in n subpopulations by using a coalescent approach. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:4563-68
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 4563-4568
    • Beerli, P.1    Felsenstein, J.2
  • 20
    • 0027263071 scopus 로고
    • Gaucher disease as a paradigm of current issues regarding single gene mutations of humans
    • Beutler E. 1993. Gaucher disease as a paradigm of current issues regarding single gene mutations of humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5384-90
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 5384-5390
    • Beutler, E.1
  • 21
    • 0027940492 scopus 로고
    • G6PD deficiency
    • Beutler E. 1994. G6PD deficiency. Blood 84:613
    • (1994) Blood , vol.84 , pp. 613
    • Beutler, E.1
  • 22
    • 0034284489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple non-functional alleles of CCR5 are frequent in various human populations
    • Blanpain C, Lee B, Tackoen M, Puffer B, Boom A, et al. 2000. Multiple non-functional alleles of CCR5 are frequent in various human populations. Blood 96:1638-45
    • (2000) Blood , vol.96 , pp. 1638-1645
    • Blanpain, C.1    Lee, B.2    Tackoen, M.3    Puffer, B.4    Boom, A.5
  • 23
    • 0033731233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage to Gaucher mutations in the Ashkenazi population: Effect of drift on decay of linkage disequilibrium and evidence for heterozygote selection
    • Boas FE. 2000. Linkage to Gaucher mutations in the Ashkenazi population: effect of drift on decay of linkage disequilibrium and evidence for heterozygote selection. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 26:348-59
    • (2000) Blood Cells Mol. Dis. , vol.26 , pp. 348-359
    • Boas, F.E.1
  • 24
    • 0034086210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon evolution and amplification in recent human history
    • Boissinot S, Chevret P, Furano AV. 2000. L1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon evolution and amplification in recent human history. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:915-28
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 915-928
    • Boissinot, S.1    Chevret, P.2    Furano, A.V.3
  • 26
    • 0032526432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of array size and homogeneity on minisatellite mutation
    • Buard J, Bourdet A, Yardley J, Dubrova Y, Jeffreys AJ. 1998. Influences of array size and homogeneity on minisatellite mutation. EMBO J. 17:3495-502
    • (1998) EMBO J. , vol.17 , pp. 3495-3502
    • Buard, J.1    Bourdet, A.2    Yardley, J.3    Dubrova, Y.4    Jeffreys, A.J.5
  • 27
    • 0030911978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Big, bad minisatellites
    • Buard J, Jeffreys AJ. 1997. Big, bad minisatellites. Nat. Genet. 15:327-28
    • (1997) Nat. Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 327-328
    • Buard, J.1    Jeffreys, A.J.2
  • 29
    • 0037108783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergence between samples of chimpanzee and human DNA sequences is 5%, counting indels
    • Britten RJ. 2002. Divergence between samples of chimpanzee and human DNA sequences is 5%, counting indels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:13633-35
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 13633-13635
    • Britten, R.J.1
  • 31
    • 0032837669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of HIV-1 infection: Chemokine receptor CCR5 polymorphism and its consequences
    • Carrington M, Dean M, Martin MP, O'Brien SJ. 1999. Genetics of HIV-1 infection: chemokine receptor CCR5 polymorphism and its consequences. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8:1939-45
    • (1999) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 1939-1945
    • Carrington, M.1    Dean, M.2    Martin, M.P.3    O'Brien, S.J.4
  • 32
    • 0037370384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolution
    • Cavalli-Sforza LL, Feldman MW. 2003. The application of molecular genetic approaches to the study of human evolution. Nat. Genet. 33:266-75
    • (2003) Nat. Genet. , vol.33 , pp. 266-275
    • Cavalli-Sforza, L.L.1    Feldman, M.W.2
  • 34
    • 84984932946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetics - Making sense out of sequence
    • Chakravarti A. 1999. Population genetics - making sense out of sequence. Nat. Genet. 21:56-60
    • (1999) Nat. Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 56-60
    • Chakravarti, A.1
  • 35
    • 0035865070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single nucleotide polymorphisms . . . to a future of genetic medicine
    • Chakravarti A. 2001. Single nucleotide polymorphisms . . . to a future of genetic medicine. Nature 409:822-23
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 822-823
    • Chakravarti, A.1
  • 36
    • 0028863202 scopus 로고
    • The pattern of neutral molecular variation under the background selection model
    • Charlesworth D, Charlesworth B, Morgan MT. 1995. The pattern of neutral molecular variation under the background selection model. Genetics 141: 1619-32
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.141 , pp. 1619-1632
    • Charlesworth, D.1    Charlesworth, B.2    Morgan, M.T.3
  • 37
    • 0033912284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mtDNA variation in the South African Kung and Khwe and their genetic relationships to other African populations
    • Chen YS, Olckers A, Schurr TG, Kogelnik AM, Huoponen K, Wallace DC. 2000. mtDNA variation in the South African Kung and Khwe and their genetic relationships to other African populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66:1362-83
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.66 , pp. 1362-1383
    • Chen, Y.S.1    Olckers, A.2    Schurr, T.G.3    Kogelnik, A.M.4    Huoponen, K.5    Wallace, D.C.6
  • 38
    • 0029075655 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of mtDNA variation in African populations reveals the most ancient of all human continent-specific haplogroups
    • Chen YS, Torroni A, Excoffier L, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Wallace DC. 1995. Analysis of mtDNA variation in African populations reveals the most ancient of all human continent-specific haplogroups. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 57: 133-49
    • (1995) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.57 , pp. 133-149
    • Chen, Y.S.1    Torroni, A.2    Excoffier, L.3    Santachiara-Benerecetti, A.S.4    Wallace, D.C.5
  • 39
    • 0034918729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of admixture proportions: A likelihood-based approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo
    • Chikhi L, Bruford MW, Beaumont MA. 2001. Estimation of admixture proportions: a likelihood-based approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Genetics 158:1347-62
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.158 , pp. 1347-1362
    • Chikhi, L.1    Bruford, M.W.2    Beaumont, M.A.3
  • 41
    • 0032231888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haplotype structure and population genetic inferences from nucleotide-sequence variation in human lipoprotein lipase
    • Clark AG, Weiss KM, Nickerson DA, Taylor SL, Buchanan A, 1998. Haplotype structure and population genetic inferences from nucleotide-sequence variation in human lipoprotein lipase. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:595-612
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.63 , pp. 595-612
    • Clark, A.G.1    Weiss, K.M.2    Nickerson, D.A.3    Taylor, S.L.4    Buchanan, A.5
  • 42
    • 18344362982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A back migration from Asia to sub-Saharan Africa is supported by high-resolution analysis of human Y-chromosome haplotypes
    • Cruciani F, Santolamazza P, Shen P, Macaulay V, Moral P, et al. 2002. A back migration from Asia to sub-Saharan Africa is supported by high-resolution analysis of human Y-chromosome haplotypes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70:1197-214
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.70 , pp. 1197-1214
    • Cruciani, F.1    Santolamazza, P.2    Shen, P.3    Macaulay, V.4    Moral, P.5
  • 43
    • 0033764912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Messages through bottlenecks: On the combined use of slow and fast evolving polymorphic markers on the human Y chromosome
    • de Knijff P. 2000. Messages through bottlenecks: On the combined use of slow and fast evolving polymorphic markers on the human Y chromosome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67:1055-61
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.67 , pp. 1055-1061
    • De Knijff, P.1
  • 45
    • 0036403768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balanced polymorphism selected by genetic versus infectious human disease
    • Dean M, Carrington M, O'Brien SJ. 2002. Balanced polymorphism selected by genetic versus infectious human disease. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 3:263-92
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 263-292
    • Dean, M.1    Carrington, M.2    O'Brien, S.J.3
  • 46
    • 0030446178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersion of human Y chromosome haplotypes based on five microsatellites in global populations
    • Deka R, Jin L, Shriver MD, Yu LM, Saha N, et al. 1996. Dispersion of human Y chromosome haplotypes based on five microsatellites in global populations. Genome Res. 6:1177-84
    • (1996) Genome Res. , vol.6 , pp. 1177-1184
    • Deka, R.1    Jin, L.2    Shriver, M.D.3    Yu, L.M.4    Saha, N.5
  • 48
    • 0000907753 scopus 로고
    • Jewish lysosomes
    • Diamond JM. 1994. Jewish lysosomes. Nature 368:291-92
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 291-292
    • Diamond, J.M.1
  • 49
    • 0031981271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of microsatellite mutations within and between loci, and implications for human demographic histories
    • Di Rienzo A, Donnelly P, Toomajian C, Sisk B, Hill A, et al. 1998. Heterogeneity of microsatellite mutations within and between loci, and implications for human demographic histories. Genetics 148:1269-84
    • (1998) Genetics , vol.148 , pp. 1269-1284
    • Di Rienzo, A.1    Donnelly, P.2    Toomajian, C.3    Sisk, B.4    Hill, A.5
  • 50
    • 0026063965 scopus 로고
    • Branching pattern in the evolutionary tree for human mitochondrial-DNA
    • DiRienzo A, Wilson AC. 1991. Branching pattern in the evolutionary tree for human mitochondrial-DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1591-601
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 1591-1601
    • DiRienzo, A.1    Wilson, A.C.2
  • 51
    • 0034847352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating relative population sizes from simulated data sets and the question of greater African effective size
    • Eller E. 2001. Estimating relative population sizes from simulated data sets and the question of greater African effective size. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 116:1-12
    • (2001) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.116 , pp. 1-12
    • Eller, E.1
  • 52
    • 0037158715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language
    • Enard W, Przeworski M, Fisher SE, Lai CSL, Wiebe V, et al. 2002. Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language. Nature 418:869-72
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 869-872
    • Enard, W.1    Przeworski, M.2    Fisher, S.E.3    Lai, C.S.L.4    Wiebe, V.5
  • 53
    • 0025138495 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of human mitochondrial-DNA - Evidence for departure from a pure neutral model of populations at equilibrium
    • Excoffier L. 1990. Evolution of human mitochondrial-DNA - evidence for departure from a pure neutral model of populations at equilibrium. J. Mol. Evol. 30:125-39
    • (1990) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.30 , pp. 125-139
    • Excoffier, L.1
  • 54
    • 0036889242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human demographic history: Refining the recent African origin model
    • Excoffier L. 2002. Human demographic history: refining the recent African origin model. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 12:675-82
    • (2002) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.12 , pp. 675-682
    • Excoffier, L.1
  • 55
    • 0032970601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human population bottleneck can account for the discordance between patterns of mitochondrial versus nuclear DNA variation
    • Fay JC, Wu CI. 1999. A human population bottleneck can account for the discordance between patterns of mitochondrial versus nuclear DNA variation. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16:1003-5
    • (1999) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 1003-1005
    • Fay, J.C.1    Wu, C.I.2
  • 56
    • 0033911640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hitchhiking under positive Darwinian selection
    • Fay JC, Wu CI. 2000. Hitchhiking under positive Darwinian selection. Genetics 155:1405-13
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 1405-1413
    • Fay, J.C.1    Wu, C.I.2
  • 57
    • 0035546129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neutral theory in the genomic era
    • Fay JC, Wu CI. 2001. The neutral theory in the genomic era. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11:642-46
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 642-646
    • Fay, J.C.1    Wu, C.I.2
  • 59
    • 0034835229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene conversion and different population histories may explain the contrast between polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium levels
    • Frisse L, Hudson RR, Bartoszewicz A, Wall JD, Donfack J, Di Rienzo A. 2001. Gene conversion and different population histories may explain the contrast between polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium levels. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:831-43
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.69 , pp. 831-843
    • Frisse, L.1    Hudson, R.R.2    Bartoszewicz, A.3    Wall, J.D.4    Donfack, J.5    Di Rienzo, A.6
  • 60
    • 0030821992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection
    • Fu YX. 1997. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics 147:915-25
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , pp. 915-925
    • Fu, Y.X.1
  • 61
    • 0027453041 scopus 로고
    • Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations
    • Fu YX, Li WH. 1993. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations. Genetics 133:693-709
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.133 , pp. 693-709
    • Fu, Y.X.1    Li, W.H.2
  • 62
    • 0037016456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction and analysis of a human-chimpanzee comparative clone map
    • Fujiyama A, Watanabe H, Toyoda A, Taylor TD, Itoh T, et al. 2002. Construction and analysis of a human-chimpanzee comparative clone map. Science 295:131-34
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 131-134
    • Fujiyama, A.1    Watanabe, H.2    Toyoda, A.3    Taylor, T.D.4    Itoh, T.5
  • 63
    • 0036235796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic and haplotype structure of candidate type 2 diabetes-susceptibility variants at the calpain-10 locus
    • Fullerton SM, Bartoszewicz A, Ybazeta G, Horikawa Y, Bell GI, et al. 2002. Geographic and haplotype structure of candidate type 2 diabetes-susceptibility variants at the calpain-10 locus. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70:1096-106
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.70 , pp. 1096-1106
    • Fullerton, S.M.1    Bartoszewicz, A.2    Ybazeta, G.3    Horikawa, Y.4    Bell, G.I.5
  • 64
    • 0033799573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein E variation at the sequence haplotype level: Implications for the origin and maintenance of a major human polymorphism
    • Fullerton SM, Clark AG, Weiss KM, Nickerson DA, Taylor SL, et al. 2000. Apolipoprotein E variation at the sequence haplotype level: implications for the origin and maintenance of a major human polymorphism. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67:881-900
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.67 , pp. 881-900
    • Fullerton, S.M.1    Clark, A.G.2    Weiss, K.M.3    Nickerson, D.A.4    Taylor, S.L.5
  • 67
    • 0028190739 scopus 로고
    • Substitution processes in molecular evolution. 2. Exchangeable models from population-genetics
    • Gillespie JH. 1994. Substitution processes in molecular evolution. 2. Exchangeable models from population-genetics. Evolution 48:1101-13
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.48 , pp. 1101-1113
    • Gillespie, J.H.1
  • 68
    • 0036403773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human migrations and population structure: What we know and why it matters
    • Goldstein DB, Chikhi L. 2002. Human migrations and population structure: What we know and why it matters. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 3:129-52
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 129-152
    • Goldstein, D.B.1    Chikhi, L.2
  • 70
    • 0035943090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genomics: Linkage disequilibrium holds the key
    • Goldstein DB, Weale ME. 2001. Population genomics: linkage disequilibrium holds the key. Curr. Biol. 11:R576-79
    • (2001) Curr. Biol. , vol.11
    • Goldstein, D.B.1    Weale, M.E.2
  • 71
    • 0034036808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite mutations and inferences about human demography
    • Gonser R, Donnelly P, Nicholson G, Di Rienzo A. 2000. Microsatellite mutations and inferences about human demography. Genetics 154:1793-807
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.154 , pp. 1793-1807
    • Gonser, R.1    Donnelly, P.2    Nicholson, G.3    Di Rienzo, A.4
  • 72
    • 19244384846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global survey of genetic variation in CCR5, RANTES, and MIP-1 alpha: Impact on the epidemiology of the HIV-1 pandemic
    • Gonzalez E, Dhanda R, Bamshad M, Mummidi S, Geevarghese R, et al. 2001. Global survey of genetic variation in CCR5, RANTES, and MIP-1 alpha: Impact on the epidemiology of the HIV-1 pandemic. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:5199-204
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 5199-5204
    • Gonzalez, E.1    Dhanda, R.2    Bamshad, M.3    Mummidi, S.4    Geevarghese, R.5
  • 73
    • 0033911892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of the signature of natural selection in humans: Evidence from the Duffy blood group locus
    • Hamblin MT, Di Rienzo A. 2000. Detection of the signature of natural selection in humans: evidence from the Duffy blood group locus. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66:1669-79
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.66 , pp. 1669-1679
    • Hamblin, M.T.1    Di Rienzo, A.2
  • 74
    • 0036157464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex signatures of natural selection at the Duffy blood group locus
    • Hamblin MT, Thompson EE, DiRienzo A. 2002. Complex signatures of natural selection at the Duffy blood group locus. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70:369-83
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.70 , pp. 369-383
    • Hamblin, M.T.1    Thompson, E.E.2    DiRienzo, A.3
  • 75
    • 0028106356 scopus 로고
    • A recent insertion of an alu element on the y-chromosome is a useful marker for human-population studies
    • Hammer MF. 1994. A recent insertion of an alu element on the y-chromosome is a useful marker for human-population studies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11:749-61
    • (1994) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.11 , pp. 749-761
    • Hammer, M.F.1
  • 76
    • 0028885859 scopus 로고
    • A recent common ancestry for human-y-chromosomes
    • Hammer MF. 1995. A recent common ancestry for human-y-chromosomes. Nature 378:376-78
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 376-378
    • Hammer, M.F.1
  • 77
    • 0031955537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out of Africa and back again: Nested cladistic analysis of human Y chromosome variation
    • Hammer MF, Karafet T, Rasanayagam A, Wood ET, Altheide TK, et al. 1998. Out of Africa and back again: nested cladistic analysis of human Y chromosome variation. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15:427-41
    • (1998) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 427-441
    • Hammer, M.F.1    Karafet, T.2    Rasanayagam, A.3    Wood, E.T.4    Altheide, T.K.5
  • 83
  • 84
    • 0033057484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X chromosome evidence for ancient human histories
    • Harris EE, Hey J. 1999. X chromosome evidence for ancient human histories. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:3320-24
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 3320-3324
    • Harris, E.E.1    Hey, J.2
  • 85
    • 0035873844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human populations show reduced DNA sequence variation at the factor IX locus
    • Harris EE, Hey J. 2001. Human populations show reduced DNA sequence variation at the factor IX locus. Curr. Biol. 11:774-7
    • (2001) Curr. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 774-777
    • Harris, E.E.1    Hey, J.2
  • 86
    • 18244371467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of modern human behavior: Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa
    • Henshilwood CS, d'Errico F, Yates R, Jacobs Z, Tribolo C, et al. 2002. Emergence of modern human behavior: Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa. Science 295:1278-80
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 1278-1280
    • Henshilwood, C.S.1    D'Errico, F.2    Yates, R.3    Jacobs, Z.4    Tribolo, C.5
  • 88
    • 0031053385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial and nuclear genes present conflicting portraits of human origins
    • Hey J. 1997. Mitochondrial and nuclear genes present conflicting portraits of human origins. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:166-72
    • (1997) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 166-172
    • Hey, J.1
  • 89
    • 0032824130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population bottlenecks and patterns of human polymorphism
    • Hey J, Harris E. 1999. Population bottlenecks and patterns of human polymorphism. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16:1423-26
    • (1999) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 1423-1426
    • Hey, J.1    Harris, E.2
  • 90
    • 0028894410 scopus 로고
    • Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs
    • Horai S, Hayasaka K, Kondo R, Tsugane K, Takahata N. 1995. Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:532-36
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 532-536
    • Horai, S.1    Hayasaka, K.2    Kondo, R.3    Tsugane, K.4    Takahata, N.5
  • 91
    • 0001935493 scopus 로고
    • Gene genealogies and the coalescent process
    • ed. DJ Futuyma, J Antonovics, New York: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Hudson RR. 1990. Gene genealogies and the coalescent process. In Oxford Series in Evolutionary Biology, ed. DJ Futuyma, J Antonovics, pp. 1-44. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
    • (1990) Oxford Series in Evolutionary Biology , pp. 1-44
    • Hudson, R.R.1
  • 92
    • 0023760376 scopus 로고
    • The coalescent process in models with selection and recombination
    • Hudson RR, Kaplan NL. 1988. The coalescent process in models with selection and recombination. Genetics 120:831-40
    • (1988) Genetics , vol.120 , pp. 831-840
    • Hudson, R.R.1    Kaplan, N.L.2
  • 93
    • 0023339852 scopus 로고
    • A test of neutral molecular evolution based on nucleotide data
    • Hudson RR, Kreitman M, Aguade M. 1987. A test of neutral molecular evolution based on nucleotide data. Genetics 116:153-59
    • (1987) Genetics , vol.116 , pp. 153-159
    • Hudson, R.R.1    Kreitman, M.2    Aguade, M.3
  • 95
    • 0344500841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scan for linkage disequilibrium across the human genome
    • Huttley GA, Smith MW, Carrington M, O'Brien SJ. 1999. A scan for linkage disequilibrium across the human genome. Genetics 152:1711-22
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.152 , pp. 1711-1722
    • Huttley, G.A.1    Smith, M.W.2    Carrington, M.3    O'Brien, S.J.4
  • 96
    • 0034619822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans
    • Ingman M, Kaessmann H, Pääbo S, Gyllensten U. 2000. Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans. Nature 408:708-13
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 708-713
    • Ingman, M.1    Kaessmann, H.2    Pääbo, S.3    Gyllensten, U.4
  • 97
    • 0032789358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal distribution of the neutral polymorphisms in the last ZFX intron: Analysis of the haplotype structure and genealogy
    • Jaruzelska J, Zietkiewicz E, Batzer M, Cole DE, Moisan JP, et al. 1999a. Spatial and temporal distribution of the neutral polymorphisms in the last ZFX intron: analysis of the haplotype structure and genealogy. Genetics 152:1091-101
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.152 , pp. 1091-1101
    • Jaruzelska, J.1    Zietkiewicz, E.2    Batzer, M.3    Cole, D.E.4    Moisan, J.P.5
  • 98
    • 0344500827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is selection responsible for the low level of variation in the last intron of the ZFY locus?
    • Jaruzelska J, Zietkiewicz E, Labuda D. 1999b. Is selection responsible for the low level of variation in the last intron of the ZFY locus? Mol. Biol. Evol. 16:1633-40
    • (1999) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.16 , pp. 1633-1640
    • Jaruzelska, J.1    Zietkiewicz, E.2    Labuda, D.3
  • 99
    • 0031012806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutation processes at a human minisatellite
    • Jeffreys AJ, Neumann R. 1997. Somatic mutation processes at a human minisatellite. Hum. Mol. Genet. 6:129-36
    • (1997) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.6 , pp. 129-136
    • Jeffreys, A.J.1    Neumann, R.2
  • 100
    • 0034255191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New uses for new haplotypes - The human Y chromosome, disease and selection
    • Jobling MA, Tyler-Smith C. 2000. New uses for new haplotypes - the human Y chromosome, disease and selection. Trends Genet. 16:356-62
    • (2000) Trends Genet. , vol.16 , pp. 356-362
    • Jobling, M.A.1    Tyler-Smith, C.2
  • 101
    • 0002472579 scopus 로고
    • Genetic diseases in the Ashkenazi population: Evolutionary considerations
    • ed. B Bonne-Tamir, A Adam, New York: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Jorde LB. 1992. Genetic diseases in the Ashkenazi population: evolutionary considerations. In Genetic Diversity Among Jews, ed. B Bonne-Tamir, A Adam, pp. 305-18. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
    • (1992) Genetic Diversity among Jews , pp. 305-318
    • Jorde, L.B.1
  • 102
    • 0028894185 scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium as a gene-mapping tool
    • Jorde LB. 1995. Linkage disequilibrium as a gene-mapping tool. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 56:11-14
    • (1995) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.56 , pp. 11-14
    • Jorde, L.B.1
  • 103
    • 0033786787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium and the search for complex disease genes
    • Jorde LB. 2000. Linkage disequilibrium and the search for complex disease genes. Genome Res. 10:1435-44
    • (2000) Genome Res. , vol.10 , pp. 1435-1444
    • Jorde, L.B.1
  • 104
    • 0032006951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to reconstruct human evolution
    • Jorde LB, Bamshad M, Rogers AR. 1998. Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to reconstruct human evolution. Bioessays 20:126-36
    • (1998) Bioessays , vol.20 , pp. 126-136
    • Jorde, L.B.1    Bamshad, M.2    Rogers, A.R.3
  • 105
    • 0035474085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genomics: A bridge from evolutionary history to genetic medicine
    • Jorde LB, Watkins WS, Bamshad MJ. 2001. Population genomics: a bridge from evolutionary history to genetic medicine. Hum. Mol. Genet. 10:2199-207
    • (2001) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.10 , pp. 2199-2207
    • Jorde, L.B.1    Watkins, W.S.2    Bamshad, M.J.3
  • 106
    • 0033912515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of human genetic diversity: A comparison of mitochondrial, autosomal, and Y-chromosome data
    • Jorde LB, Watkins WS, Bamshad MJ, Dixon ME, Ricker CE, et al. 2000. The distribution of human genetic diversity: A comparison of mitochondrial, autosomal, and Y-chromosome data. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66:979-88
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.66 , pp. 979-988
    • Jorde, L.B.1    Watkins, W.S.2    Bamshad, M.J.3    Dixon, M.E.4    Ricker, C.E.5
  • 107
    • 0344436038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA sequence variation in a non-coding region of low recombination on the human X chromosome
    • Kaessmann H, Heissig F, von Haeseler A, Pääbo S. 1999. DNA sequence variation in a non-coding region of low recombination on the human X chromosome. Nat. Genet. 22:78-81
    • (1999) Nat. Genet. , vol.22 , pp. 78-81
    • Kaessmann, H.1    Heissig, F.2    Von Haeseler, A.3    Pääbo, S.4
  • 108
    • 0035132473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Great ape DNA sequences reveal a reduced diversity and an expansion in humans
    • Kaessmann H, Wiebe V, Weiss G, Pääbo S. 2001. Great ape DNA sequences reveal a reduced diversity and an expansion in humans. Nat. Genet. 27:155-56
    • (2001) Nat. Genet. , vol.27 , pp. 155-156
    • Kaessmann, H.1    Wiebe, V.2    Weiss, G.3    Pääbo, S.4
  • 109
    • 0023815589 scopus 로고
    • The coalescent process in models with selection
    • Kaplan NL, Darden T, Hudson RR. 1988. The coalescent process in models with selection. Genetics 120:819-29
    • (1988) Genetics , vol.120 , pp. 819-829
    • Kaplan, N.L.1    Darden, T.2    Hudson, R.R.3
  • 111
    • 0035076030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An extensive analysis of Y chromosomal microsatellite haplotypes in globally dispersed human populations
    • Kayser M, Krawczak M, Excoffier L, Dieltjes P, Corach D, et al. 2001. An extensive analysis of Y chromosomal microsatellite haplotypes in globally dispersed human populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:990-1018
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.68 , pp. 990-1018
    • Kayser, M.1    Krawczak, M.2    Excoffier, L.3    Dieltjes, P.4    Corach, D.5
  • 112
    • 0035844029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African origin of modern humans in East Asia: A tale of 12,000 Y chromosomes
    • Ke Y, Su B, Song X, Lu D, Chen L, et al. 2001. African origin of modern humans in East Asia: a tale of 12,000 Y chromosomes. Science 292:1151-53
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 1151-1153
    • Ke, Y.1    Su, B.2    Song, X.3    Lu, D.4    Chen, L.5
  • 113
    • 0031685062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global survey of haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium at the DRD2 locus
    • Kidd KK, Morar B, Castiglione CM, Zhao H, Pakstis AJ, et al. 1998. A global survey of haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium at the DRD2 locus. Hum. Genet. 103:211-27
    • (1998) Hum. Genet. , vol.103 , pp. 211-227
    • Kidd, K.K.1    Morar, B.2    Castiglione, C.M.3    Zhao, H.4    Pakstis, A.J.5
  • 114
    • 0033941841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus, PAH, in a global representation of populations
    • Kidd JR, Pakstis AJ, Zhao H, Lu RB, Okonofua FE, et al. 2000. Haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus, PAH, in a global representation of populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66:1882-99
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.66 , pp. 1882-1899
    • Kidd, J.R.1    Pakstis, A.J.2    Zhao, H.3    Lu, R.B.4    Okonofua, F.E.5
  • 118
    • 0037318763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations
    • Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, et al. 2003. The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:313-32
    • (2003) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.72 , pp. 313-332
    • Kivisild, T.1    Rootsi, S.2    Metspalu, M.3    Mastana, S.4    Kaldma, K.5
  • 119
    • 0034972749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting patterns of polymorphisms at the ABO-secretor gene (FUT2) and plasma alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase gene (FUT6) in human populations
    • Koda Y, Tachida H, Pang H, Liu Y, Soejima M, et al. 2001. Contrasting patterns of polymorphisms at the ABO-secretor gene (FUT2) and plasma alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase gene (FUT6) in human populations. Genetics 158:747-56
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.158 , pp. 747-756
    • Koda, Y.1    Tachida, H.2    Pang, H.3    Liu, Y.4    Soejima, M.5
  • 120
    • 0034575442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods to detect selection in populations with applications to the human
    • Kreitman M. 2000. Methods to detect selection in populations with applications to the human. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 1:539-59
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. , vol.1 , pp. 539-559
    • Kreitman, M.1
  • 123
    • 0033039497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for whole-genome linkage disequilibrium mapping of common disease genes
    • Kruglyak L. 1999. Prospects for whole-genome linkage disequilibrium mapping of common disease genes. Nat. Genet. 22:139-44
    • (1999) Nat. Genet. , vol.22 , pp. 139-144
    • Kruglyak, L.1
  • 124
    • 0029027992 scopus 로고
    • Estimating effective population size and mutation rate from sequence data using Metropolis-Hastings sampling
    • Kuhner MK, Yamato J, Felsenstein J. 1995. Estimating effective population size and mutation rate from sequence data using Metropolis-Hastings sampling. Genetics 140:1421-30
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.140 , pp. 1421-1430
    • Kuhner, M.K.1    Yamato, J.2    Felsenstein, J.3
  • 125
    • 0031835126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation of population growth rates based on the coalescent
    • Kuhner MK, Yamato J, Felsenstein J. 1998. Maximum likelihood estimation of population growth rates based on the coalescent. Genetics 149:429-34
    • (1998) Genetics , vol.149 , pp. 429-434
    • Kuhner, M.K.1    Yamato, J.2    Felsenstein, J.3
  • 126
    • 0033756316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation of recombination rates from population data
    • Kuhner MK, Yamato J, Felsenstein J. 2000. Maximum likelihood estimation of recombination rates from population data. Genetics 156:1393-401
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.156 , pp. 1393-1401
    • Kuhner, M.K.1    Yamato, J.2    Felsenstein, J.3
  • 127
    • 0035776497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms
    • Kwok PY. 2001. Methods for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2:235-58
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 235-258
    • Kwok, P.Y.1
  • 128
    • 0033790285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaic lineages in the history of modern humans
    • Labuda D, Zietkiewicz E, Yotova V. 2000. Archaic lineages in the history of modern humans. Genetics 156:799-808
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.156 , pp. 799-808
    • Labuda, D.1    Zietkiewicz, E.2    Yotova, V.3
  • 130
    • 27244461608 scopus 로고
    • Multiple dispersals and modern human origins
    • Lahr MM, Foley RA. 1994. Multiple dispersals and modern human origins. Evol. Anthropol. 3:48-60
    • (1994) Evol. Anthropol. , vol.3 , pp. 48-60
    • Lahr, M.M.1    Foley, R.A.2
  • 131
    • 0032246507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a theory of modern human origins: Geography, demography and diversity on recent human evolution
    • Lahr MM, Foley RA. 1998. Towards a theory of modern human origins: geography, demography and diversity on recent human evolution. Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 41:137-76
    • (1998) Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.41 , pp. 137-176
    • Lahr, M.M.1    Foley, R.A.2
  • 133
    • 0036640951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human SNP variability and mutation rate are higher in regions of high recombination
    • Lercher MJ, Hurst LD. 2002. Human SNP variability and mutation rate are higher in regions of high recombination. Trends Genet. 18:337-40
    • (2002) Trends Genet. , vol.18 , pp. 337-340
    • Lercher, M.J.1    Hurst, L.D.2
  • 134
    • 0026053092 scopus 로고
    • Low nucleotide diversity in man
    • Li WH, Sadler LA. 1991. Low nucleotide diversity in man. Genetics 129:513-23
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 513-523
    • Li, W.H.1    Sadler, L.A.2
  • 136
    • 6844240236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Delta CCR5 mutation conferring protection against HIV-1 in Caucasian populations has a single and recent origin in Northeastern Europe
    • Libert F, Cochaux P, Beckman G, Samson M, Aksenova M, et al. 1998. The Delta CCR5 mutation conferring protection against HIV-1 in Caucasian populations has a single and recent origin in Northeastern Europe. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:399-406
    • (1998) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.7 , pp. 399-406
    • Libert, F.1    Cochaux, P.2    Beckman, G.3    Samson, M.4    Aksenova, M.5
  • 137
    • 0001947980 scopus 로고
    • Malaria and human polymorphisms
    • Livingstone FB. 1971. Malaria and human polymorphisms. Annu. Rev. Genet. 5:33-64
    • (1971) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.5 , pp. 33-64
    • Livingstone, F.B.1
  • 138
    • 0032231655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships among Pacific Island and Asian populations
    • Lum JK, Cann RL, Martinson JJ, Jorde LB. 1998. Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic relationships among Pacific Island and Asian populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:613-24
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.63 , pp. 613-624
    • Lum, J.K.1    Cann, R.L.2    Martinson, J.J.3    Jorde, L.B.4
  • 139
    • 0029656003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal duplications in bacteria, fruit flies, and humans
    • Lupski JR, Roth JR, Weinstock GM. 1996. Chromosomal duplications in bacteria, fruit flies, and humans. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 58:21-27
    • (1996) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.58 , pp. 21-27
    • Lupski, J.R.1    Roth, J.R.2    Weinstock, G.M.3
  • 140
    • 0034924340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human DNA sequence variation in a 6.6-kb region containing the melanocortin 1 receptor promoter
    • Makova KD, Ramsay M, Jenkins T, Li WH. 2001. Human DNA sequence variation in a 6.6-kb region containing the melanocortin 1 receptor promoter. Genetics 158:1253-68
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.158 , pp. 1253-1268
    • Makova, K.D.1    Ramsay, M.2    Jenkins, T.3    Li, W.H.4
  • 141
    • 0034531009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of male-specific inter-population divergence in Europe, West Asia and North Africa
    • Malaspina P, Cruciani F, Santolamazza P, Torroni A, Pangrazio A, et al. 2000. Patterns of male-specific inter-population divergence in Europe, West Asia and North Africa. Ann. Hum. Genet. 64:395-412
    • (2000) Ann. Hum. Genet. , vol.64 , pp. 395-412
    • Malaspina, P.1    Cruciani, F.2    Santolamazza, P.3    Torroni, A.4    Pangrazio, A.5
  • 142
    • 0028045105 scopus 로고
    • Pairwise comparisons of mitochondrial-DNA sequences in subdivided populations and implications for early human-evolution
    • Marjoram P, Donnelly P. 1994. Pairwise comparisons of mitochondrial-DNA sequences in subdivided populations and implications for early human-evolution. Genetics 136:673-83
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.136 , pp. 673-683
    • Marjoram, P.1    Donnelly, P.2
  • 143
    • 0037422542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variations in the public human genome data reflect a bottlenecked population history
    • Marth G, Schuler G, Yeh R, Davenport R, Agarwala R, et al. 2003. Sequence variations in the public human genome data reflect a bottlenecked population history. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:376-81
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 376-381
    • Marth, G.1    Schuler, G.2    Yeh, R.3    Davenport, R.4    Agarwala, R.5
  • 144
    • 0032484088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic acceleration of AIDS progression by a promoter variant of CCR5
    • Martin MP, Dean M, Smith MW, Winkler C, Gerrard B, et al. 1998. Genetic acceleration of AIDS progression by a promoter variant of CCR5. Science 282: 1907-11
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 1907-1911
    • Martin, M.P.1    Dean, M.2    Smith, M.W.3    Winkler, C.4    Gerrard, B.5
  • 146
    • 0034493580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The revolution that wasn't: A new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior
    • McBrearty S, Brooks AS. 2000. The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. J. Hum. Evol. 39:453-63
    • (2000) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.39 , pp. 453-463
    • McBrearty, S.1    Brooks, A.S.2
  • 147
    • 0026428610 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila
    • McDonald JH, Kreitman M. 1991. Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. Nature 51:652-54
    • (1991) Nature , vol.51 , pp. 652-654
    • McDonald, J.H.1    Kreitman, M.2
  • 148
    • 0032231748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping genes that underlie ethnic differences in disease risk: Methods for detecting linkage in admixed populations, by conditioning on parental admixture
    • McKeigue PM. 1998. Mapping genes that underlie ethnic differences in disease risk: methods for detecting linkage in admixed populations, by conditioning on parental admixture. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:241-51
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.63 , pp. 241-251
    • McKeigue, P.M.1
  • 149
    • 0032472023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for the proto-Austronesian homeland in Asia: MtDNA and nuclear DNA variation in Taiwanese aboriginal tribes
    • Melton T, Clifford S, Martinson J, Batzer M, Stoneking M. 1998. Genetic evidence for the proto-Austronesian homeland in Asia: mtDNA and nuclear DNA variation in Taiwanese aboriginal tribes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:1807-23
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.63 , pp. 1807-1823
    • Melton, T.1    Clifford, S.2    Martinson, J.3    Batzer, M.4    Stoneking, M.5
  • 151
    • 0034575479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variation genes and genomic DNA: Methods for large-scale analysis
    • Mir KU, Southern EM. 2000. Sequence variation genes and genomic DNA: Methods for large-scale analysis. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 1:329-60
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. , vol.1 , pp. 329-360
    • Mir, K.U.1    Southern, E.M.2
  • 153
    • 0032221247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evolution and modern human origins
    • Mountain JL. 1998. Molecular evolution and modern human origins. Evol. Anthropol. 7:21-37
    • (1998) Evol. Anthropol. , vol.7 , pp. 21-37
    • Mountain, J.L.1
  • 154
    • 0036852236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SNPSTRs: Empirically derived, rapidly typed, autosomal haplotypes for inference of population history and mutational processes
    • Mountain JL, Knight A, Jobin M, Gignoux C, Miller A, et al. 2002. SNPSTRs: Empirically derived, rapidly typed, autosomal haplotypes for inference of population history and mutational processes. Genome Res. 12:1766-72
    • (2002) Genome Res. , vol.12 , pp. 1766-1772
    • Mountain, J.L.1    Knight, A.2    Jobin, M.3    Gignoux, C.4    Miller, A.5
  • 155
    • 0034799684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of population structure on genes under balancing selection
    • Muirhead CA. 2001. Consequences of population structure on genes under balancing selection. Evolution 55:1532-41
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 1532-1541
    • Muirhead, C.A.1
  • 156
    • 0034705597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of human and non-human primate CC chemokine receptor 5 gene and mRNA - Potential roles for haplotype and mRNA diversity, differential haplotype-specific transcriptional activity, and altered transcription factor binding to polymorphic nucleotides in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 and Simian immunodeficiency virus
    • Mummidi S, Bamshad M, Ahuja SS, Gonzalez E, Feuillet PM, et al. 2000. Evolution of human and non-human primate CC chemokine receptor 5 gene and mRNA - Potential roles for haplotype and mRNA diversity, differential haplotype-specific transcriptional activity, and altered transcription factor binding to polymorphic nucleotides in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 and Simian immunodeficiency virus. J. Biol. Chem. 275:18946-61
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 18946-18961
    • Mummidi, S.1    Bamshad, M.2    Ahuja, S.S.3    Gonzalez, E.4    Feuillet, P.M.5
  • 157
    • 0031770039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA variability and recombination rates at X-linked loci in humans
    • Nachman MW, Bauer VL, Crowell SL, Aquadro CF. 1998. DNA variability and recombination rates at X-linked loci in humans. Genetics 150:1133-41
    • (1998) Genetics , vol.150 , pp. 1133-1141
    • Nachman, M.W.1    Bauer, V.L.2    Crowell, S.L.3    Aquadro, C.F.4
  • 158
    • 0033899763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting evolutionary histories of two introns of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene, Dmd, in humans
    • Nachman MW, Crowell SL. 2000. Contrasting evolutionary histories of two introns of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene, Dmd, in humans. Genetics 155:1855-64
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 1855-1864
    • Nachman, M.W.1    Crowell, S.L.2
  • 159
    • 0033828761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimate of the mutation rate per nucleotide in humans
    • Nachman MW, Crowell SL. 2000. Estimate of the mutation rate per nucleotide in humans. Genetics 156:297-304
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.156 , pp. 297-304
    • Nachman, M.W.1    Crowell, S.L.2
  • 161
    • 0035989435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of multilocus balancing selection on neutral variability
    • Navarro A, Barton NH. 2002. The effects of multilocus balancing selection on neutral variability. Genetics 161:849-63
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.161 , pp. 849-863
    • Navarro, A.1    Barton, N.H.2
  • 162
    • 0024456237 scopus 로고
    • Genetic relationships of Europeans, Asians and Africans and the origin of modern Homo sapiens
    • Nei M, Livshits G. 1989. Genetic relationships of Europeans, Asians and Africans and the origin of modern Homo sapiens. Hum. Hered. 39:276-81
    • (1989) Hum. Hered. , vol.39 , pp. 276-281
    • Nei, M.1    Livshits, G.2
  • 163
    • 0031014102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genealogy of samples in models with selection
    • Neuhauser C, Krone SM. 1997. The genealogy of samples in models with selection. Genetics 145:519-34
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.145 , pp. 519-534
    • Neuhauser, C.1    Krone, S.M.2
  • 164
    • 0034967295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing migration from isolation: A Markov chain Monte Carlo approach
    • Nielsen R, Wakeley J. 2001. Distinguishing migration from isolation: a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. Genetics 158:885-96
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.158 , pp. 885-896
    • Nielsen, R.1    Wakeley, J.2
  • 165
    • 0032231870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the probability of Neanderthal ancestry
    • Nordborg M. 1998. On the probability of Neanderthal ancestry. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:1237-40
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.63 , pp. 1237-1240
    • Nordborg, M.1
  • 166
    • 0000913208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ed. DJ Balding, MJ Bishop, C Cannings, Chichester, UK: Wiley and Sons
    • Nordborg M. 2001. In Handbook of Statistical Genetics, ed. DJ Balding, MJ Bishop, C Cannings, pp. 179-212. Chichester, UK: Wiley and Sons
    • (2001) Handbook of Statistical Genetics , pp. 179-212
    • Nordborg, M.1
  • 167
    • 0036468808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium: What history has to tell us
    • Nordborg M, Tavare S. 2002. Linkage disequilibrium: what history has to tell us. Trends Genet. 18:83-90
    • (2002) Trends Genet. , vol.18 , pp. 83-90
    • Nordborg, M.1    Tavare, S.2
  • 168
    • 0034753277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic dissection of complex traits in a founder population
    • Ober C, Abney M, McPeek MS. 2001. The genetic dissection of complex traits in a founder population. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:1068-79
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.69 , pp. 1068-1079
    • Ober, C.1    Abney, M.2    McPeek, M.S.3
  • 169
    • 0037224073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequencing the chimpanzee genome: Insights into human evolution and disease
    • Olson MV, Varki A. 2003. Sequencing the chimpanzee genome: Insights into human evolution and disease. Nat. Rev. Genet. 4:20-28
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.4 , pp. 20-28
    • Olson, M.V.1    Varki, A.2
  • 170
    • 0036728850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of homoplasy and of ancestral polymorphism to the evolution of genes in anthropoid primates
    • O'hUigin C, Satta Y, Takahata N, Klein J. 2002. Contribution of homoplasy and of ancestral polymorphism to the evolution of genes in anthropoid primates. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19:1501-13
    • (2002) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.19 , pp. 1501-1513
    • O'hUigin, C.1    Satta, Y.2    Takahata, N.3    Klein, J.4
  • 172
    • 0030782517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical evaluation of genetic distance statistics using microsatellite data from bear (Ursidae) populations
    • Paetkau D, Waits LP, Clarkson PL, Craighead L, Strobeck C. 1997. An empirical evaluation of genetic distance statistics using microsatellite data from bear (Ursidae) populations. Genetics 147:1943-57
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , pp. 1943-1957
    • Paetkau, D.1    Waits, L.P.2    Clarkson, P.L.3    Craighead, L.4    Strobeck, C.5
  • 173
    • 0032472024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating African American admixture proportions by use of population-specific alleles
    • Parra EJ, Marcini A, Akey J, Martinson J, Batzer MA, 1998. Estimating African American admixture proportions by use of population-specific alleles. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:1839-51
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.63 , pp. 1839-1851
    • Parra, E.J.1    Marcini, A.2    Akey, J.3    Martinson, J.4    Batzer, M.A.5
  • 175
    • 0035986885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for evidence of positive selection in the human genome using patterns of microsatellite variability
    • Payseur BA, Cutter AD, Nachman MW. 2002. Searching for evidence of positive selection in the human genome using patterns of microsatellite variability. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19:1143-53
    • (2002) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.19 , pp. 1143-1153
    • Payseur, B.A.1    Cutter, A.D.2    Nachman, M.W.3
  • 176
    • 0033756237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite variation and recombination rate in the human genome
    • Payseur BA, Nachman MW. 2000. Microsatellite variation and recombination rate in the human genome. Genetics 156:1285-98
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.156 , pp. 1285-1298
    • Payseur, B.A.1    Nachman, M.W.2
  • 177
    • 0037202364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection at linked sites in humans
    • Payseur BA, Nachman MW 2002. Natural selection at linked sites in humans. Gene 300:31-42
    • (2002) Gene , vol.300 , pp. 31-42
    • Payseur, B.A.1    Nachman, M.W.2
  • 178
    • 0029098217 scopus 로고
    • Improved analyses of human mtDNA sequences support a recent African origin for Homo sapiens
    • Penny D, Steel M, Waddell PJ, Hendy MD. 1995. Improved analyses of human mtDNA sequences support a recent African origin for Homo sapiens. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:863-82
    • (1995) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 863-882
    • Penny, D.1    Steel, M.2    Waddell, P.J.3    Hendy, M.D.4
  • 179
    • 0035163561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure in admixed populations: Effect of admixture dynamics on the pattern of linkage disequilibrium
    • Pfaff CL, Parra EJ, Bonilla C, Hiester K, McKeigue PM, et al. 2001. Population structure in admixed populations: effect of admixture dynamics on the pattern of linkage disequilibrium. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:198-207
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.68 , pp. 198-207
    • Pfaff, C.L.1    Parra, E.J.2    Bonilla, C.3    Hiester, K.4    McKeigue, P.M.5
  • 180
    • 0036021391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferences about human demography based on multilocus analyses of Noncoding sequences
    • Pluzhnikov A, Di Rienzo A, Hudson RR. 2002. Inferences about human demography based on multilocus analyses of Noncoding sequences. Genetics 161: 1209-18
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.161 , pp. 1209-1218
    • Pluzhnikov, A.1    Di Rienzo, A.2    Hudson, R.R.3
  • 181
    • 0030828855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human genetic affinities for Y-chromosome P49a,f/TaqI haplotypes show strong correspondence with linguistics
    • Poloni ES, Semino O, Passarino G, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Dupanloup I, et al. 1997. Human genetic affinities for Y-chromosome P49a,f/TaqI haplotypes show strong correspondence with linguistics. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 61:1015-35
    • (1997) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.61 , pp. 1015-1035
    • Poloni, E.S.1    Semino, O.2    Passarino, G.3    Santachiara-Benerecetti, A.S.4    Dupanloup, I.5
  • 182
    • 0034969437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are rare variants responsible for susceptibility to complex diseases?
    • Pritchard JK. 2001. Are rare variants responsible for susceptibility to complex diseases? Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:124-37
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.69 , pp. 124-137
    • Pritchard, J.K.1
  • 183
    • 0036799545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The allelic architecture of human disease genes: Common disease - Common variant . . . or not?
    • Pritchard JK, Cox NJ. 2002. The allelic architecture of human disease genes: common disease - common variant . . . or not? Hum. Mol. Genet. 11:2417-23
    • (2002) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.11 , pp. 2417-2423
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Cox, N.J.2
  • 184
    • 0034977045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium in humans: Models and data
    • Pritchard JK, Przeworski M. 2001. Linkage disequilibrium in humans: models and data. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:1-14
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.69 , pp. 1-14
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Przeworski, M.2
  • 185
    • 0033358548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of unlinked genetic markers to detect population stratification in association studies
    • Pritchard JK, Rosenberg NA. 1999. Use of unlinked genetic markers to detect population stratification in association studies. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65:220-28
    • (1999) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.65 , pp. 220-228
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Rosenberg, N.A.2
  • 186
  • 188
    • 0035027837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why is there so little intragenic linkage disequilibrium in humans?
    • Przeworski M, Wall JD. 2001. Why is there so little intragenic linkage disequilibrium in humans? Genet. Res. 77:143-51
    • (2001) Genet. Res. , vol.77 , pp. 143-151
    • Przeworski, M.1    Wall, J.D.2
  • 191
    • 0037227366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-deme molecular diversity in spatially expanding populations
    • Ray N, Currat M, Excoffier L. 2003. Intra-deme molecular diversity in spatially expanding populations. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20:76-86
    • (2003) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.20 , pp. 76-86
    • Ray, N.1    Currat, M.2    Excoffier, L.3
  • 192
    • 0033358569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peopling of Sahul: MtDNA variation in aboriginal Australian and Papua New Guinean populations
    • Redd AJ, Stoneking M. 1999. Peopling of Sahul: mtDNA variation in aboriginal Australian and Papua New Guinean populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65:808-28
    • (1999) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.65 , pp. 808-828
    • Redd, A.J.1    Stoneking, M.2
  • 194
    • 0032493379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for a Paleolithic human population expansion in Africa
    • Reich DE, Goldstein DB. 1998. Genetic evidence for a Paleolithic human population expansion in Africa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:8119-23
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 8119-8123
    • Reich, D.E.1    Goldstein, D.B.2
  • 195
    • 0035451780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the allelic spectrum of human disease
    • Reich DE, Lander ES. 2001. On the allelic spectrum of human disease. Trends Genet. 17:502-10
    • (2001) Trends Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 502-510
    • Reich, D.E.1    Lander, E.S.2
  • 196
    • 0036725017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human genome sequence variation and the influence of gene history, mutation and recombination
    • Reich DE, Schaffner SF, Daly MJ, McVean G, Mullikin JC, et al. 2002. Human genome sequence variation and the influence of gene history, mutation and recombination. Nat. Genet. 32:135-42
    • (2002) Nat. Genet. , vol.32 , pp. 135-142
    • Reich, D.E.1    Schaffner, S.F.2    Daly, M.J.3    McVean, G.4    Mullikin, J.C.5
  • 197
    • 0033015451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for larger African population size during recent human evolution
    • Relethford JH, Jorde LB. 1999. Genetic evidence for larger African population size during recent human evolution. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 108:251-60
    • (1999) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.108 , pp. 251-260
    • Relethford, J.H.1    Jorde, L.B.2
  • 199
    • 0028819262 scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews and their recent descent from a small founder population
    • Risch N, de Leon D, Ozelius L, Kramer P, Almasy L, et al. 1995. Genetic analysis of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews and their recent descent from a small founder population. Nat Genet. 9:152-59
    • (1995) Nat Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 152-159
    • Risch, N.1    De Leon, D.2    Ozelius, L.3    Kramer, P.4    Almasy, L.5
  • 200
    • 0037385394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic distribution of disease mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population supports genetic drift over selection
    • Risch N, Tang H, Katzenstein H, Ekstein J. 2003. Geographic distribution of disease mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population supports genetic drift over selection. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:812-22
    • (2003) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.72 , pp. 812-822
    • Risch, N.1    Tang, H.2    Katzenstein, H.3    Ekstein, J.4
  • 201
    • 0037079229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants alter melanoma cell growth and adhesion to extracellular matrix
    • Robinson SJ, Healy E. 2002. Human melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants alter melanoma cell growth and adhesion to extracellular matrix. Oncogene 21:8037-46
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 8037-8046
    • Robinson, S.J.1    Healy, E.2
  • 202
    • 0026548159 scopus 로고
    • Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences
    • Rogers AR, Harpending H. 1992. Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 9:552-69
    • (1992) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 552-569
    • Rogers, A.R.1    Harpending, H.2
  • 203
    • 0029240406 scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence on modern human origins
    • Rogers AR, Jorde LB. 1995. Genetic evidence on modern human origins. Hum. Biol. 67:1-36
    • (1995) Hum. Biol. , vol.67 , pp. 1-36
    • Rogers, A.R.1    Jorde, L.B.2
  • 204
    • 0036226789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of human diversity, within and among continents, inferred from biallelic DNA polymorphisms
    • Romualdi C, Balding D, Nasidze IS, Risch G, Robichaux M, et al. 2002. Patterns of human diversity, within and among continents, inferred from biallelic DNA polymorphisms. Genome Res. 12:602-12
    • (2002) Genome Res. , vol.12 , pp. 602-612
    • Romualdi, C.1    Balding, D.2    Nasidze, I.S.3    Risch, G.4    Robichaux, M.5
  • 205
    • 0036245438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genealogical trees, coalescent theory and the analysis of genetic polymorphisms
    • Rosenberg NA, Nordborg M. 2002. Genealogical trees, coalescent theory and the analysis of genetic polymorphisms. Nat. Rev. Genet. 3:380-90
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 380-390
    • Rosenberg, N.A.1    Nordborg, M.2
  • 207
    • 0033661540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language
    • Rosser ZH, Zerjal T, Hurles ME, Adojaan M, Alavantic D, et al. 2000. Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67:1526-43
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.67 , pp. 1526-1543
    • Rosser, Zh.1    Zerjal, T.2    Hurles, M.E.3    Adojaan, M.4    Alavantic, D.5
  • 209
    • 0031875836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria
    • Ruwende C, Hill A. 1998. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria. J. Mol. Med. 76:581-88
    • (1998) J. Mol. Med. , vol.76 , pp. 581-588
    • Ruwende, C.1    Hill, A.2
  • 210
    • 0037167852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting recent positive selection in the human genome from haplotype
    • Sabeti PC, Reich DE, Higgins JM, Levine HZ, Richter DJ, et al. 2002. Detecting recent positive selection in the human genome from haplotype structure. Nature 419:832-37
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 832-837
    • Sabeti, P.C.1    Reich, D.E.2    Higgins, J.M.3    Levine, H.Z.4    Richter, D.J.5
  • 211
    • 0032929373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of HLA class II molecules: Allelic and amino acid site variability across populations
    • Salamon H, Klitz W, Easteal S, Gao X, Erlich HA, et al. 1999. Evolution of HLA class II molecules: allelic and amino acid site variability across populations. Genetics 152:393-400
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.152 , pp. 393-400
    • Salamon, H.1    Klitz, W.2    Easteal, S.3    Gao, X.4    Erlich, H.A.5
  • 213
    • 0029816067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide distribution of human Y-chromosome haplotypes
    • Santos FR, Bianchi NO, Pena SDJ. 1996. Worldwide distribution of human Y-chromosome haplotypes. Genome Res. 6:601-11
    • (1996) Genome Res. , vol.6 , pp. 601-611
    • Santos, F.R.1    Bianchi, N.O.2    Pena, S.D.J.3
  • 214
    • 0036794436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out of Africa with regional interbreeding? Modern human origins
    • Satta Y, Takahata N. 2002. Out of Africa with regional interbreeding? Modern human origins. Bioessays 24:871-75
    • (2002) Bioessays , vol.24 , pp. 871-875
    • Satta, Y.1    Takahata, N.2
  • 215
    • 0036963687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide variability at G6PD and the signature of malarial selection in humans
    • Saunders MA, Hammer MF, Nachman MW. 2002. Nucleotide variability at G6PD and the signature of malarial selection in humans. Genetics 162:1849-61
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.162 , pp. 1849-1861
    • Saunders, M.A.1    Hammer, M.F.2    Nachman, M.W.3
  • 216
    • 0033837024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of subdivision on variation at multi-allelic loci under balancing selection
    • Schierup MH, Vekemans X, Charlesworth D. 2000. The effect of subdivision on variation at multi-allelic loci under balancing selection. Genet. Res. 76:51-62
    • (2000) Genet. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 51-62
    • Schierup, M.H.1    Vekemans, X.2    Charlesworth, D.3
  • 217
    • 0037213556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hitchhiking mapping - Functional genomics from the population genetics perspective
    • Schlotterer C. 2003. Hitchhiking mapping - functional genomics from the population genetics perspective. Trends Genet. 19:32-38
    • (2003) Trends Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 32-38
    • Schlotterer, C.1
  • 218
    • 0036023263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA diversity in Southeast Asian populations
    • Schurr TG, Wallace DC. 2002. Mitochondrial DNA diversity in Southeast Asian populations. Hum. Biol. 74:431-52
    • (2002) Hum. Biol. , vol.74 , pp. 431-452
    • Schurr, T.G.1    Wallace, D.C.2
  • 219
    • 0037158599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA
    • Schwartz M, Vissing J. 2002. Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. N. Engl. J. Med. 347:576-80
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , pp. 576-580
    • Schwartz, M.1    Vissing, J.2
  • 220
    • 0036591966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human melanocortin 1 receptor variants, receptor function and melanocyte response to UV radiation
    • Scott MC, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Kadekaro AL, Kobayashi N, et al. 2002. Human melanocortin 1 receptor variants, receptor function and melanocyte response to UV radiation. J. Cell Science 115:2349-55
    • (2002) J. Cell Science , vol.115 , pp. 2349-2355
    • Scott, M.C.1    Wakamatsu, K.2    Ito, S.3    Kadekaro, A.L.4    Kobayashi, N.5
  • 221
    • 0033362751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined use of biallelic and microsatellite Y-chromosome polymorphisms to infer affinities among African populations
    • Scozzari R, Cruciani F, Santolamazza P, Malaspina P, Torroni A, et al. 1999. Combined use of biallelic and microsatellite Y-chromosome polymorphisms to infer affinities among African populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65:829-46
    • (1999) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.65 , pp. 829-846
    • Scozzari, R.1    Cruciani, F.2    Santolamazza, P.3    Malaspina, P.4    Torroni, A.5
  • 222
    • 0031792256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for a higher female migration rate in humans
    • Seielstad MT, Minch E, Cavalli-Sforza LL. 1998. Genetic evidence for a higher female migration rate in humans. Nat. Genet. 20:278-80
    • (1998) Nat. Genet. , vol.20 , pp. 278-280
    • Seielstad, M.T.1    Minch, E.2    Cavalli-Sforza, L.L.3
  • 224
    • 0033786249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading between the LINEs: Human genomic variation induced by LINE-1 retrotransposition
    • Sheen FM, Sherry ST, Risch GM, Robichaux M, Nasidze I, et al. 2000. Reading between the LINEs: Human genomic variation induced by LINE-1 retrotransposition. Genome Res. 10:1496-508
    • (2000) Genome Res. , vol.10 , pp. 1496-1508
    • Sheen, F.M.1    Sherry, S.T.2    Risch, G.M.3    Robichaux, M.4    Nasidze, I.5
  • 225
    • 12944312827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetic implications from sequence variation in four Y chromosome genes
    • Shen P, Wang F, Underhill PA, Franco C, Yang WH, et al. 2000. Population genetic implications from sequence variation in four Y chromosome genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:7354-59
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 7354-7359
    • Shen, P.1    Wang, F.2    Underhill, P.A.3    Franco, C.4    Yang, W.H.5
  • 226
    • 0030781573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alu evolution in human populations: Using the coalescent to estimate effective population size
    • Sherry ST, Harpending HC, Batzer MA, Stoneking M. 1997. Alu evolution in human populations: Using the coalescent to estimate effective population size. Genetics 147:1977-82
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , pp. 1977-1982
    • Sherry, S.T.1    Harpending, H.C.2    Batzer, M.A.3    Stoneking, M.4
  • 229
    • 0030860884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite data support an early population expansion in Africa
    • Shriver MD, Jin L, Ferrell RE, Deka R. 1997. Microsatellite data support an early population expansion in Africa. Genome Res. 7:586-91
    • (1997) Genome Res. , vol.7 , pp. 586-591
    • Shriver, M.D.1    Jin, L.2    Ferrell, R.E.3    Deka, R.4
  • 231
    • 0029099781 scopus 로고
    • Properties of statistical tests of neutrality for DNA polymorphism data
    • Simonsen KL, Churchill GA, Aquadro CF. 1995. Properties of statistical tests of neutrality for DNA polymorphism data. Genetics 141:413-29
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.141 , pp. 413-429
    • Simonsen, K.L.1    Churchill, G.A.2    Aquadro, C.F.3
  • 232
    • 0034089033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing selection at closely linked, overdominant loci in a finite population
    • Slatkin M. 2000. Balancing selection at closely linked, overdominant loci in a finite population. Genetics 154:1367-78
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.154 , pp. 1367-1378
    • Slatkin, M.1
  • 233
    • 0034884532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating genealogies of selected alleles in a population of variable size
    • Slatkin M. 2001. Simulating genealogies of selected alleles in a population of variable size. Genet Res. 78:49-57
    • (2001) Genet Res. , vol.78 , pp. 49-57
    • Slatkin, M.1
  • 234
    • 0025951996 scopus 로고
    • Pairwise comparisons of mitochondrial-DNA sequences in stable and exponentially growing populations
    • Slatkin M, Hudson RR. 1991. Pairwise comparisons of mitochondrial-DNA sequences in stable and exponentially growing populations. Genetics 129:555-62
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 555-562
    • Slatkin, M.1    Hudson, R.R.2
  • 235
    • 0025048184 scopus 로고
    • Detecting isolation by distance using phylogenies of genes
    • Slatkin M, Maddison WP. 1990. Detecting isolation by distance using phylogenies of genes. Genetics 126:249-60
    • (1990) Genetics , vol.126 , pp. 249-260
    • Slatkin, M.1    Maddison, W.P.2
  • 237
    • 0028920059 scopus 로고
    • Ancestral, mammalian-wide subfamilies of LINE-1 repetitive sequences
    • Smit AFA, Toth G, Riggs AD, Jurka J. 1995. Ancestral, mammalian-wide subfamilies of LINE-1 repetitive sequences. J. Mol. Biol. 246:401-17
    • (1995) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.246 , pp. 401-417
    • Smit, A.F.A.1    Toth, G.2    Riggs, A.D.3    Jurka, J.4
  • 238
    • 0035960920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human melanocortin-1 receptor locus: Analysis of transcription unit, locus polymorphism and haplotype evolution
    • Smith AG, Box NF, Marks LH, Chen W, Smit DJ, et al. 2001. The human melanocortin-1 receptor locus: analysis of transcription unit, locus polymorphism and haplotype evolution. Gene 281:81-94
    • (2001) Gene , vol.281 , pp. 81-94
    • Smith, A.G.1    Box, N.F.2    Marks, L.H.3    Chen, W.4    Smit, D.J.5
  • 239
    • 0036798007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The allelic structure of common disease
    • Smith DJ, Lusis AJ. 2002. The allelic structure of common disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11:2455-61
    • (2002) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.11 , pp. 2455-2461
    • Smith, D.J.1    Lusis, A.J.2
  • 240
    • 0030861904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting genetic influence of CCR2 and CCR5 variants on HIV-1 infection and disease progression
    • Smith MW, Dean M, Carrington M, Winkler C, Huttley GA, et al. 1997. Contrasting genetic influence of CCR2 and CCR5 variants on HIV-1 infection and disease progression. Science 277:959-65
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 959-965
    • Smith, M.W.1    Dean, M.2    Carrington, M.3    Winkler, C.4    Huttley, G.A.5
  • 241
    • 0030043741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mtDNA control-region sequence variation suggests multiple independent origins of an "Asian-specific" 9-bp deletion in subSaharan Africans
    • Soodyall H, Vigilant L, Hill AV, Stoneking M, Jenkins T. 1996. mtDNA control-region sequence variation suggests multiple independent origins of an "Asian-specific" 9-bp deletion in subSaharan Africans. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 58:595-608
    • (1996) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.58 , pp. 595-608
    • Soodyall, H.1    Vigilant, L.2    Hill, A.V.3    Stoneking, M.4    Jenkins, T.5
  • 242
    • 0029998090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of the Lemba "Black Jews" of southern Africa: Evidence from p12F2 and other Y-chromosome markers
    • Spurdle AB, Jenkins T. 1996. The origins of the Lemba "Black Jews" of southern Africa: evidence from p12F2 and other Y-chromosome markers. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 59:1126-33
    • (1996) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.59 , pp. 1126-1133
    • Spurdle, A.B.1    Jenkins, T.2
  • 243
    • 0036913633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural analysis of insulin minisatellite alleles reveals unusally large differences in diversity between Africans and non-Africans
    • 240a. Stead JD, Jeffreys AJ. 2002. Structural analysis of insulin minisatellite alleles reveals unusally large differences in diversity between Africans and non-Africans. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71:1273-84
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.71 , pp. 1273-1284
    • Stead, J.D.1    Jeffreys, A.J.2
  • 244
    • 0028001245 scopus 로고
    • Mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium in human populations: Limits and guidelines
    • Stephens JC, Briscoe D, O'Brien SJ. 1994. Mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium in human populations: limits and guidelines. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 55:809-24
    • (1994) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.55 , pp. 809-824
    • Stephens, J.C.1    Briscoe, D.2    O'Brien, S.J.3
  • 245
    • 17344372255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dating the origin of the CCR5-Delta 32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes
    • Stephens JC, Reich DE, Goldstein DB, Shin HD, Smith MW, et al. 1998. Dating the origin of the CCR5-Delta 32 AIDS-resistance allele by the coalescence of haplotypes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1507-15
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.62 , pp. 1507-1515
    • Stephens, J.C.1    Reich, D.E.2    Goldstein, D.B.3    Shin, H.D.4    Smith, M.W.5
  • 246
  • 247
    • 0002242481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ed. DJ Balding, MJ Bishop, C Cannings, Chichester, UK: Wiley and Sons
    • Stephens M. 2001. In Handbook of Statistical Genetics, ed. DJ Balding, MJ Bishop, C Cannings, pp. 213-238. Chichester, UK: Wiley and Sons
    • (2001) Handbook of Statistical Genetics , pp. 213-238
    • Stephens, M.1
  • 248
    • 0030781573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alu evolution in human populations: Using the coalescent to estimate effective population size
    • Stoneking M, Fontius JJ, Clifford SL, Soodyall H, Arcot SS, et al. 1997. Alu evolution in human populations: Using the coalescent to estimate effective population size. Genetics 147:1977-82
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , pp. 1977-1982
    • Stoneking, M.1    Fontius, J.J.2    Clifford, S.L.3    Soodyall, H.4    Arcot, S.S.5
  • 249
    • 0037192928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern human origins: Progress and prospects
    • Stringer C. 2002. Modern human origins: progress and prospects. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 357:563-79
    • (2002) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.357 , pp. 563-579
    • Stringer, C.1
  • 250
    • 0023818575 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans
    • Stringer CB, Andrews P. 1988. Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans. Science 239:1263-68
    • (1988) Science , vol.239 , pp. 1263-1268
    • Stringer, C.B.1    Andrews, P.2
  • 251
    • 0035793864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genealogical and evolutionary inference with the human Y chromosome
    • Stumpf MPH, Goldstein DB. 2001. Genealogical and evolutionary inference with the human Y chromosome. Science 291:1738-42
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 1738-1742
    • Stumpf, M.P.H.1    Goldstein, D.B.2
  • 252
    • 0036753176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin colour and skin cancer - MC1R, the genetic link
    • Sturm RA. 2002. Skin colour and skin cancer - MC1R, the genetic link. Melanoma Res. 12:405-16
    • (2002) Melanoma Res. , vol.12 , pp. 405-416
    • Sturm, R.A.1
  • 253
    • 0024313579 scopus 로고
    • Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism
    • Tajima F. 1989. Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics 123:585-95
    • (1989) Genetics , vol.123 , pp. 585-595
    • Tajima, F.1
  • 254
    • 0035144108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing multiregionality of modern human origins
    • Takahata N, Lee SH, Satta Y. 2001.Testing multiregionality of modern human origins. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:172-83
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 172-183
    • Takahata, N.1    Lee, S.H.2    Satta, Y.3
  • 255
    • 0036262985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequentist estimation of coalescence times from nucleotide sequence data using a tree-based partition
    • Tang H, Siegmund DO, Shen P, Oefner PJ, Feldman MW. 2002. Frequentist estimation of coalescence times from nucleotide sequence data using a tree-based partition. Genetics 161:447-59
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.161 , pp. 447-459
    • Tang, H.1    Siegmund, D.O.2    Shen, P.3    Oefner, P.J.4    Feldman, M.W.5
  • 256
    • 0034987801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic differentiation in South Amerindians is related to environmental and cultural diversity: Evidence from the Y chromosome
    • Tarazona-Santos E, Carvalho-Silva DR, Pettener D, Luiselli D, De Stefano GF, et al. 2001. Genetic differentiation in South Amerindians is related to environmental and cultural diversity: evidence from the Y chromosome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:1485-96
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.68 , pp. 1485-1496
    • Tarazona-Santos, E.1    Carvalho-Silva, D.R.2    Pettener, D.3    Luiselli, D.4    De Stefano, G.F.5
  • 257
    • 0141673607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The case for saltational events in human evolution
    • ed. TJ Crow, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Tatersall I. 2002. The case for saltational events in human evolution. In The speciation of modern Homo sapiens, ed. TJ Crow, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • (2002) The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens
    • Tatersall, I.1
  • 259
    • 0021514720 scopus 로고
    • Line-of-descent and genealogical processes, and their applications in population-genetics models
    • Tavare S. 1984. Line-of-descent and genealogical processes, and their applications in population-genetics models. Theor. Popul. Biol. 26:119-64
    • (1984) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.26 , pp. 119-164
    • Tavare, S.1
  • 260
    • 0037034778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out of Africa again and again
    • Templeton AR. 2002. Out of Africa again and again. Nature 416:45-51
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 45-51
    • Templeton, A.R.1
  • 261
    • 0037458112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic affinities of the Andaman islanders, a vanishing human population
    • Thangaraj K, Singh L, Reddy AG, Rao VR, Sehgal SC, et al. 2003. Genetic affinities of the Andaman islanders, a vanishing human population. Curr. Biol. 13:86-93
    • (2003) Curr. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 86-93
    • Thangaraj, K.1    Singh, L.2    Reddy, A.G.3    Rao, V.R.4    Sehgal, S.C.5
  • 262
    • 0033912631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y chromosomes traveling south: The Cohen modal haplotype and the origins of the Lemba - The "Black Jews of Southern Africa."
    • Thomas MG, Parfitt T, Weiss DA, Skorecki K, Wilson JF, et al. 2000. Y chromosomes traveling south: the Cohen modal haplotype and the origins of the Lemba - the "Black Jews of Southern Africa." Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66:674-86
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.66 , pp. 674-686
    • Thomas, M.G.1    Parfitt, T.2    Weiss, D.A.3    Skorecki, K.4    Wilson, J.F.5
  • 264
    • 0029667388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins
    • Tishkoff SA, Dietzsch E, Speed W, Pakstis AJ, Kidd JR, et al. 1996. Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins. Science 271:1380-87
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1380-1387
    • Tishkoff, S.A.1    Dietzsch, E.2    Speed, W.3    Pakstis, A.J.4    Kidd, J.R.5
  • 265
    • 17344368342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global haplotype analysis of the myotonic dystrophy locus: Implications for the evolution of modern humans and for the origin of myotonic dystrophy mutations
    • Tishkoff SA, Goldman A, Calafell F, Speed WC, Deinard AS, et al. 1998a. A global haplotype analysis of the myotonic dystrophy locus: Implications for the evolution of modern humans and for the origin of myotonic dystrophy mutations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1389-402
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.62 , pp. 1389-1402
    • Tishkoff, S.A.1    Goldman, A.2    Calafell, F.3    Speed, W.C.4    Deinard, A.S.5
  • 266
    • 0007725148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferences of modern human origins from variation in CD4 haplotypes
    • ed. MK Uyenoyama, A von Haeseler, Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Publ. Group
    • Tishkoff SA, Kidd KK, Clark AG. 1998b. Inferences of modern human origins from variation in CD4 haplotypes. In Proceedings of the Trinational Workshop on Molecular Evolution, ed. MK Uyenoyama, A von Haeseler, pp. 181-198. Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Publ. Group
    • (1998) Proceedings of the Trinational Workshop on Molecular Evolution , pp. 181-198
    • Tishkoff, S.A.1    Kidd, K.K.2    Clark, A.G.3
  • 267
    • 0033794922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short tandem-repeat polymorphism/Alu haplotype variation at the PLat locus: Implications for modern human origins
    • Tishkoff SA, Pakstis AJ, Stoneking M, Kidd JR, Destro-Bisol G, et al. 2000. Short tandem-repeat polymorphism/Alu haplotype variation at the PLAT locus: Implications for modern human origins. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67:901-25
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.67 , pp. 901-925
    • Tishkoff, S.A.1    Pakstis, A.J.2    Stoneking, M.3    Kidd, J.R.4    Destro-Bisol, G.5
  • 268
    • 0035919696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium at human G6PD: Recent origin of alleles that confer malarial resistance
    • Tishkoff SA, Varkonyi R, Cahinhinan N, Abbes S, Argyropoulos G, et al. 2001. Haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium at human G6PD: recent origin of alleles that confer malarial resistance. Science 293:455-62
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 455-462
    • Tishkoff, S.A.1    Varkonyi, R.2    Cahinhinan, N.3    Abbes, S.4    Argyropoulos, G.5
  • 269
    • 38649134694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G6PD deficiency and malarial resistance in humans: Insights from evolutionary genetic analyses
    • ed. K Dronamraju. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. In press
    • Tishkoff SA, Verrelli BC. 2003. G6PD deficiency and malarial resistance in humans: insights from evolutionary genetic analyses. In Infectious Disease: Host-Pathogen Evolution, ed. K Dronamraju. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. In press
    • (2003) Infectious Disease: Host-Pathogen Evolution
    • Tishkoff, S.A.1    Verrelli, B.C.2
  • 270
    • 0036323319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of African populations: Human evolution and complex disease
    • Tishkoff SA, Williams SM. 2002. Genetic analysis of African populations: Human evolution and complex disease. Nat. Rev. Genet. 3:611-21
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 611-621
    • Tishkoff, S.A.1    Williams, S.M.2
  • 271
    • 0034744362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thephylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations
    • Underhill PA, Passarino G, Lin AA, Shen P, Lahr MM, et al. 2001. Thephylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations. Ann. Hum. Genet. 65:43-62
    • (2001) Ann. Hum. Genet. , vol.65 , pp. 43-62
    • Underhill, P.A.1    Passarino, G.2    Lin, A.A.3    Shen, P.4    Lahr, M.M.5
  • 272
    • 0033762701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations
    • Underhill PA, Shen PD, Lin AA, Jin L, Passarino G, et al. 2000. Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations. Nat. Genet. 26:358-61
    • (2000) Nat. Genet. , vol.26 , pp. 358-361
    • Underhill, P.A.1    Shen, P.D.2    Lin, A.A.3    Jin, L.4    Passarino, G.5
  • 273
    • 0027474097 scopus 로고
    • Allele frequencies at microsatellite loci: The stepwise mutation model revisited
    • Valdes AM, Slatkin M, Freimer NB. 1993. Allele frequencies at microsatellite loci: the stepwise mutation model revisited. Genetics 133:737-49
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.133 , pp. 737-749
    • Valdes, A.M.1    Slatkin, M.2    Freimer, N.B.3
  • 276
    • 0026580948 scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
    • Vulliamy T, Mason P, Luzzatto L. 1992. The molecular basis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Trends Genet. 8:138-43
    • (1992) Trends Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 138-143
    • Vulliamy, T.1    Mason, P.2    Luzzatto, L.3
  • 277
    • 0035205317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms - And inferences about human demographic history
    • Wakeley J, Nielsen R, Liu-Cordero SN, Ardlie K. 2001. The discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms - and inferences about human demographic history. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:1332-47
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.69 , pp. 1332-1347
    • Wakeley, J.1    Nielsen, R.2    Liu-Cordero, S.N.3    Ardlie, K.4
  • 278
    • 0034090691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting ancient admixture in humans using sequence polymorphism data
    • Wall JD. 2000. Detecting ancient admixture in humans using sequence polymorphism data. Genetics 154:1271-79
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.154 , pp. 1271-1279
    • Wall, J.D.1
  • 279
    • 0035546130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights from linked single nucleotide polymorphisms: What we can learn from linkage disequilibrium
    • Wall JD. 2001. Insights from linked single nucleotide polymorphisms: what we can learn from linkage disequilibrium. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11:647-51
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 647-651
    • Wall, J.D.1
  • 280
    • 0033870688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When did the human population size start increasing?
    • Wall JD, Przeworski M. 2000. When did the human population size start increasing? Genetics 155:1865-74
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 1865-1874
    • Wall, J.D.1    Przeworski, M.2
  • 281
    • 0032833421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA variation in human evolution and disease
    • Wallace DC, Brown MD, Lott MT. 1999. Mitochondrial DNA variation in human evolution and disease. Gene 238:211-30
    • (1999) Gene , vol.238 , pp. 211-230
    • Wallace, D.C.1    Brown, M.D.2    Lott, M.T.3
  • 282
    • 0035092492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of ancestral human diversity: An analysis of Alu-insertion and restriction-site polymorphisms
    • Watkins WS, Ricker CE, Bamshad MJ, Carroll ML, Nguyen SV, et al. 2001. Patterns of ancestral human diversity: An analysis of Alu-insertion and restriction-site polymorphisms. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:738-52
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.68 , pp. 738-752
    • Watkins, W.S.1    Ricker, C.E.2    Bamshad, M.J.3    Carroll, M.L.4    Nguyen, S.V.5
  • 285
    • 0016491430 scopus 로고
    • On the number of segregating sites in genetic models without recombination
    • Watterson GA. 1975. On the number of segregating sites in genetic models without recombination. Theor. Popul. Biol. 7:256-76
    • (1975) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 256-276
    • Watterson, G.A.1
  • 287
    • 0036137130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium and the mapping of complex human traits
    • Weiss KM, Clark AG. 2002. Linkage disequilibrium and the mapping of complex human traits. Trends Genet. 18:19-24
    • (2002) Trends Genet. , vol.18 , pp. 19-24
    • Weiss, K.M.1    Clark, A.G.2
  • 288
    • 0031669749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genealogical inference from microsatellite data
    • Wilson IJ, Balding DJ. 1998. Genealogical inference from microsatellite data. Genetics 150:499-510
    • (1998) Genetics , vol.150 , pp. 499-510
    • Wilson, I.J.1    Balding, D.J.2
  • 289
    • 0029858298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretations of multiregional evolution
    • Wolpoff MH. 1996. Interpretations of multiregional evolution. Science 274:704-6
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 704-706
    • Wolpoff, M.H.1
  • 291
    • 0033796908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Pleistocene population X-plosion?
    • Wooding S, Rogers A. 2000. A Pleistocene population X-plosion? Hum. Biol. 72:693-95
    • (2000) Hum. Biol. , vol.72 , pp. 693-695
    • Wooding, S.1    Rogers, A.2
  • 292
    • 0036724899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA sequence variation in a 3.7-kb noncoding sequence 5′ of the CYP1A2 gene: Implications for human population history and natural selection
    • Wooding SP, Watkins WS, Bamshad MJ, Dunn DM, Weiss RB, Jorde LB. 2002. DNA sequence variation in a 3.7-kb noncoding sequence 5′ of the CYP1A2 gene: Implications for human population history and natural selection. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71:528-42
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.71 , pp. 528-542
    • Wooding, S.P.1    Watkins, W.S.2    Bamshad, M.J.3    Dunn, D.M.4    Weiss, R.B.5    Jorde, L.B.6
  • 293
    • 0032707163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population choice in mapping genes for complex diseases
    • Wright AF, Carothers AD, Pirastu M. 1999. Population choice in mapping genes for complex diseases. Nat. Genet. 23:397-404
    • (1999) Nat. Genet. , vol.23 , pp. 397-404
    • Wright, A.F.1    Carothers, A.D.2    Pirastu, M.3
  • 294
    • 0034688140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of male reproductive genes in the descent of man
    • Wyckoff GJ, Wang W, Wu CI. 2000. Rapid evolution of male reproductive genes in the descent of man. Nature 403: 304-09
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 304-309
    • Wyckoff, G.J.1    Wang, W.2    Wu, C.I.3
  • 295
    • 18444407786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Larger genetic differences within Africans than between Africans and Eurasians
    • Yu N, Chen FC, Ota S, Jorde LB, Pamilo P, et al. 2002. Larger genetic differences within Africans than between Africans and Eurasians. Genetics 161:269-74
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.161 , pp. 269-274
    • Yu, N.1    Chen, F.C.2    Ota, S.3    Jorde, L.B.4    Pamilo, P.5
  • 296
    • 0035142523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of human DNA sequence variation in a 10-kb region on chromosome 1
    • Yu N, Zhao Z, Fu YX, Sambuughin N, Ramsay M, 2001. Global patterns of human DNA sequence variation in a 10-kb region on chromosome 1. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:214-22
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 214-222
    • Yu, N.1    Zhao, Z.2    Fu, Y.X.3    Sambuughin, N.4    Ramsay, M.5
  • 297
    • 0034642291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major factors influencing linkage disequilibrium by analysis of different chromosome regions in distinct populations: Demography, chromosome recombination frequency and selection
    • Zavattari P, Deidda E, Whalen M, Lampis R, Mulargia A, et al. 2000. Major factors influencing linkage disequilibrium by analysis of different chromosome regions in distinct populations: demography, chromosome recombination frequency and selection. Hum. Mol. Genet. 9:2947-57
    • (2000) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 2947-2957
    • Zavattari, P.1    Deidda, E.2    Whalen, M.3    Lampis, R.4    Mulargia, A.5
  • 298
    • 16944364927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic relationships of Asians and northern Europeans, revealed by Y-chromosomal DNA analysis
    • Zerjal T, Dashnyam B, Pandya A, Kayser M, Roewer L, et al. 1997. Genetic relationships of Asians and northern Europeans, revealed by Y-chromosomal DNA analysis. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60:1174-83
    • (1997) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.60 , pp. 1174-1183
    • Zerjal, T.1    Dashnyam, B.2    Pandya, A.3    Kayser, M.4    Roewer, L.5
  • 300
    • 0034528906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variation at two eosinophil-associated ribonuclease loci in humans
    • Zhang J, Rosenberg HF. 2000. Sequence variation at two eosinophil-associated ribonuclease loci in humans. Genetics 156:1949-58
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.156 , pp. 1949-1958
    • Zhang, J.1    Rosenberg, H.F.2
  • 301
    • 0036959262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated protein evolution and origins of human-specific features: FOXP2 as an example
    • Zhang JZ, Webb DM, Podlaha O. 2002. Accelerated protein evolution and origins of human-specific features: FOXP2 as an example. Genetics 162:1825-35
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.162 , pp. 1825-1835
    • Zhang, J.Z.1    Webb, D.M.2    Podlaha, O.3
  • 302
    • 12944288236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide DNA sequence variation in a 10-kilobase noncoding region on human chromosome 22
    • Zhao Z, Jin L, Fu YX, Ramsay M, Jenkins T, et al. 2000. Worldwide DNA sequence variation in a 10-kilobase noncoding region on human chromosome 22. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 11354-58
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 11354-11358
    • Zhao, Z.1    Jin, L.2    Fu, Y.X.3    Ramsay, M.4    Jenkins, T.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.