메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 287-294

Pten inactivation alters peripheral B lymphocyte fate and reconstitutes CD19 function

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CD19 ANTIGEN; PHOSPHATASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3,4,5 TRISPHOSPHATE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3,4,5 TRISPHOSPHATE 3 PHOSPHATASE;

EID: 0037342166     PISSN: 15292908     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ni892     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (174)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0035013708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marginal zone and B1 B cells unite in the early response against T-independent blood-borne particulate antigens
    • Martin, F., Oliver, A.M. & Kearney, J.F. Marginal zone and B1 B cells unite in the early response against T-independent blood-borne particulate antigens. Immunity 14, 617-629 (2001).
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 617-629
    • Martin, F.1    Oliver, A.M.2    Kearney, J.F.3
  • 2
    • 0036217975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins and functions of B-1 cells with notes on the role of CD5
    • Berland, R.& Wortis, H.H. Origins and functions of B-1 cells with notes on the role of CD5. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20, 253-300 (2002).
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.20 , pp. 253-300
    • Berland, R.1    Wortis, H.H.2
  • 3
    • 0033712984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xid-like phenotypes: A B cell signalosome takes shape
    • Fruman, D.A., Satterthwaite, A.B. & Witte, O.N. Xid-like phenotypes: a B cell signalosome takes shape. Immunity 13, 1-3 (2000).
    • (2000) Immunity , vol.13 , pp. 1-3
    • Fruman, D.A.1    Satterthwaite, A.B.2    Witte, O.N.3
  • 4
    • 0036631548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VAV proteins as signal integrators for multi-subunit immune-recognition receptors
    • Turner, M. & Billadeau, D.D. VAV proteins as signal integrators for multi-subunit immune-recognition receptors. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2, 476-486 (2002).
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 476-486
    • Turner, M.1    Billadeau, D.D.2
  • 5
    • 0032482374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translocation of PDK-I to the plasma membrane is important in allowing PDK-I to activate protein kinase B
    • Anderson, K.E., Coadwell, J., Stephens, L.R. & Hawkins, P.T. Translocation of PDK-I to the plasma membrane is important in allowing PDK-I to activate protein kinase B. Curr. Biol. 8, 684-691 (1998).
    • (1998) Curr. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 684-691
    • Anderson, K.E.1    Coadwell, J.2    Stephens, L.R.3    Hawkins, P.T.4
  • 6
    • 0036199607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in immunological systems
    • Fruman, D.A. & Cantley, L.C. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in immunological systems. Semin. Immunol. 14, 7-18 (2002).
    • (2002) Semin. Immunol. , vol.14 , pp. 7-18
    • Fruman, D.A.1    Cantley, L.C.2
  • 7
    • 0033556333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired B cell development and proliferation in absence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85α
    • Fruman, D.A. et al. Impaired B cell development and proliferation in absence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85α. Science 283, 393-397 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 393-397
    • Fruman, D.A.1
  • 8
    • 0033555829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xid-like immunodeficiency in mice with disruption of the p85α subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase
    • Suzuki, H. et al. Xid-like immunodeficiency in mice with disruption of the p85α subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Science 283, 390-392 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 390-392
    • Suzuki, H.1
  • 9
    • 0037047590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired B and T cell antigen receptor signaling in p 110δ PI 3-kinase mutant mice
    • Okkenhaug, K. et al. Impaired B and T cell antigen receptor signaling in p 110δ PI 3-kinase mutant mice. Science 297, 1031-1034 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 1031-1034
    • Okkenhaug, K.1
  • 10
    • 0037119630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A crucial role for the p 110δ subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in B cell development and activation
    • Clayton, E. et al. A crucial role for the p 110δ subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in B cell development and activation. J. Exp. Med. 196, 753-763 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Exp. Med. , vol.196 , pp. 753-763
    • Clayton, E.1
  • 11
    • 0027169534 scopus 로고
    • CD19 of B cells as a surrogate kinase insert region to bind phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
    • Tuveson, D.A., Carter, R.H., Soltoff, S.P. & Fearon, D.T. CD19 of B cells as a surrogate kinase insert region to bind phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Science 260, 986-989 (1993).
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 986-989
    • Tuveson, D.A.1    Carter, R.H.2    Soltoff, S.P.3    Fearon, D.T.4
  • 12
    • 0036797376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiologic role of CD19 cytoplasmic tyrosines
    • Wang, Y. et al. The physiologic role of CD19 cytoplasmic tyrosines. Immunity 17, 501-514 (2002).
    • (2002) Immunity , vol.17 , pp. 501-514
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 14
    • 0033561627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of CD19 Y484 and Y515, and linked activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, are required for B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase
    • Buhl, A.M. & Cambier, J.C. Phosphorylation of CD19 Y484 and Y515, and linked activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, are required for B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. J. Immunol. 162, 4438-4446 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 4438-4446
    • Buhl, A.M.1    Cambier, J.C.2
  • 15
    • 0035846955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD19-dependent activation of Akt kinase in B-lymphocytes
    • Otero, D.C., Omori, S.A. & Rickert, R.C. CD19-dependent activation of Akt kinase in B-lymphocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 1474-1478 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 1474-1478
    • Otero, D.C.1    Omori, S.A.2    Rickert, R.C.3
  • 16
    • 0036604292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complementary roles for CD19 and Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B lymphocyte signal transduction
    • Fujimoto, M. et al. Complementary roles for CD19 and Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B lymphocyte signal transduction. J. Immunol. 168, 5465-5476 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Immunol. , vol.168 , pp. 5465-5476
    • Fujimoto, M.1
  • 17
    • 0029094609 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal B lymphocyte development, activation, and differentiation in mice that lack or overexpress the CD19 signal transduction molecule
    • Engel, P. et al. Abnormal B lymphocyte development, activation, and differentiation in mice that lack or overexpress the CD19 signal transduction molecule. Immunity 3, 39-50 (1995).
    • (1995) Immunity , vol.3 , pp. 39-50
    • Engel, P.1
  • 18
    • 0029064680 scopus 로고
    • Impairment of T-cell-dependent B-cell responses and B-I cell development in CD19-deficient mice
    • Rickert, R.C., Rajewsky, K. & Roes, J. Impairment of T-cell-dependent B-cell responses and B-I cell development in CD19-deficient mice. Nature 376, 352-355 (1995).
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 352-355
    • Rickert, R.C.1    Rajewsky, K.2    Roes, J.3
  • 19
    • 0033973585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive selection from newly formed to marginal zone B cells depends on the rate of clonal production, CD19, and btk
    • Martin, F. & Kearney, J.F. Positive selection from newly formed to marginal zone B cells depends on the rate of clonal production, CD19, and btk. Immunity 12, 39-49 (2000).
    • (2000) Immunity , vol.12 , pp. 39-49
    • Martin, F.1    Kearney, J.F.2
  • 20
    • 0033605718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase lipid products in cell function
    • Rameh, L.E. & Cantley, L.C. The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase lipid products in cell function. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8347-8350 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 8347-8350
    • Rameh, L.E.1    Cantley, L.C.2
  • 21
    • 0036181869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN: The down side of PI 3-kinase signalling
    • Leslie, N.R. & Downes, C.P. PTEN: the down side of PI 3-kinase signalling. Cell, Signal. 14, 285-295 (2002).
    • (2002) Cell, Signal. , vol.14 , pp. 285-295
    • Leslie, N.R.1    Downes, C.P.2
  • 22
    • 0032475861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation of PKB/Akt-dependent cell survival by the tumor suppressor PTEN
    • Stambolic, V. et al. Negative regulation of PKB/Akt-dependent cell survival by the tumor suppressor PTEN. Cell 95, 29-39 (1998).
    • (1998) Cell , vol.95 , pp. 29-39
    • Stambolic, V.1
  • 23
    • 0035824396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation by the Pten tumor suppressor gene in vivo
    • Groszer, M. et al. Negative regulation of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation by the Pten tumor suppressor gene in vivo. Science 294, 2186-2189 (2001).
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 2186-2189
    • Groszer, M.1
  • 24
    • 0036195102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cre/loxP-mediated inactivation of the murine Pten tumor suppressor gene
    • Lesche, R. et al. Cre/loxP-mediated inactivation of the murine Pten tumor suppressor gene. Genesis 32, 148-149 (2002).
    • (2002) Genesis , vol.32 , pp. 148-149
    • Lesche, R.1
  • 25
    • 0030818183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B lymphocyte-specific, Cre-mediated mutagenesis in mice
    • Rickert, R.C., Roes, J. & Rajewsky, K. B lymphocyte-specific, Cre-mediated mutagenesis in mice. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 1317-1318 (1997).
    • (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.25 , pp. 1317-1318
    • Rickert, R.C.1    Roes, J.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 26
    • 0034332904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukocytes navigate by compass: Roles of P13Kγ and its lipid products
    • Rickert, P., Weiner, O.D., Wang, F., Bourne, H.R. & Servant, G. Leukocytes navigate by compass: roles of P13Kγ and its lipid products. Trends Cell. Biol. 10, 466-473 (2000).
    • (2000) Trends Cell. Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 466-473
    • Rickert, P.1    Weiner, O.D.2    Wang, F.3    Bourne, H.R.4    Servant, G.5
  • 27
    • 0034995180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The follicular versus marginal zone B lymphocyte cell fate decision is regulated by Aiolos, Btk, and CD21
    • Cariappa, A. et al. The follicular versus marginal zone B lymphocyte cell fate decision is regulated by Aiolos, Btk, and CD21. Immunity 14, 603-615 (2001).
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 603-615
    • Cariappa, A.1
  • 28
    • 0037135158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrin-mediated long-term B cell retention in the splenic marginal zone
    • Lu, T.T. & Cyster, J.G. Integrin-mediated long-term B cell retention in the splenic marginal zone. Science 297, 409-412 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 409-412
    • Lu, T.T.1    Cyster, J.G.2
  • 29
    • 0030832150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marginal zone B cells exhibit unique activation, proliferative and immunoglobulin secretary responses
    • Oliver, A.M., Martin, F., Gartland, G.L., Carter, R.H. & Kearney J.F. Marginal zone B cells exhibit unique activation, proliferative and immunoglobulin secretary responses. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 2366-2374 (1997).
    • (1997) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.27 , pp. 2366-2374
    • Oliver, A.M.1    Martin, F.2    Gartland, G.L.3    Carter, R.H.4    Kearney, J.F.5
  • 30
    • 0035150990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth-factor-dependent mitogenesis requires two distinct phases of signalling
    • Jones, S.M. & Kazlauskas, A. Growth-factor-dependent mitogenesis requires two distinct phases of signalling. Nat. Cell Biol. 3, 165-172 (2001).
    • (2001) Nat. Cell Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 165-172
    • Jones, S.M.1    Kazlauskas, A.2
  • 31
    • 0034097043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of B lymphocyte responses to foreign and self-antigens by the CD19/CD21 complex
    • Fearon, D.T. & Carroll, M.C. Regulation of B lymphocyte responses to foreign and self-antigens by the CD19/CD21 complex. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18, 393-422 (2000).
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.18 , pp. 393-422
    • Fearon, D.T.1    Carroll, M.C.2
  • 32
  • 33
    • 0036584284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of B-cell signal transduction by adaptor proteins
    • Kurosaki, T. Regulation of B-cell signal transduction by adaptor proteins. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2, 354-363 (2002).
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 354-363
    • Kurosaki, T.1
  • 34
    • 0034507903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BCAP: The tyrosine kinase substrate that connects B cell receptor to phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation
    • Okada, T., Maeda, A., Iwamatsu, A., Gotoh, K. & Kurosaki, T. BCAP: the tyrosine kinase substrate that connects B cell receptor to phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation. Immunity 13, 817-827 (2000).
    • (2000) Immunity , vol.13 , pp. 817-827
    • Okada, T.1    Maeda, A.2    Iwamatsu, A.3    Gotoh, K.4    Kurosaki, T.5
  • 35
    • 0037018096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential immunoregulatory role for BCAP in B cell development and function
    • Yamazaki, T. et al. Essential immunoregulatory role for BCAP in B cell development and function. J. Exp. Med. 195, 535-545 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Exp. Med. , vol.195 , pp. 535-545
    • Yamazaki, T.1
  • 36
    • 0037205265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal regulation of 3-phosphoinositides by PI 3-kinase and PTEN mediates chemotaxis
    • Funamoto, S., Meili, R., Lee, S., Parry, L. & Firtel, R.A. Spatial and temporal regulation of 3-phosphoinositides by PI 3-kinase and PTEN mediates chemotaxis. Cell 109, 611-623 (2002).
    • (2002) Cell , vol.109 , pp. 611-623
    • Funamoto, S.1    Meili, R.2    Lee, S.3    Parry, L.4    Firtel, R.A.5
  • 37
    • 0037205230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor suppressor PTEN mediates sensing of chemoattractant gradients
    • Iijima, M. & Devreotes, P. Tumor suppressor PTEN mediates sensing of chemoattractant gradients. Cell 109, 599-610 (2002).
    • (2002) Cell , vol.109 , pp. 599-610
    • Iijima, M.1    Devreotes, P.2
  • 38
    • 0033551899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrin signaling
    • Giancotti, F.G. & Ruoslahti, E. Integrin signaling. Science 285, 1028-1032 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 1028-1032
    • Giancotti, F.G.1    Ruoslahti, E.2
  • 39
    • 0033617357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in focal adhesion kinase-promoted cell migration
    • Reiske, H.R. et al. Requirement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in focal adhesion kinase-promoted cell migration. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 12361-12366 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 12361-12366
    • Reiske, H.R.1
  • 40
    • 0035825168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting Pyk2 to β I-Integrin-containing focal contacts rescues fibronectin-stimulated signaling and haptotactic motility defects of focal adhesion kinase-null cells
    • Klingbeil, C.K. et al. Targeting Pyk2 to β I-Integrin-containing focal contacts rescues fibronectin-stimulated signaling and haptotactic motility defects of focal adhesion kinase-null cells. J. Cell. Biol. 152, 97-110 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Cell. Biol. , vol.152 , pp. 97-110
    • Klingbeil, C.K.1
  • 41
    • 0034232062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of marginal zone 8 cells in Pyk-2-deficient mice defines their role in the humoral response
    • Guinamard, R., Okigaki, M., Schlessinger, J. & Ravetch, J.V. Absence of marginal zone 8 cells in Pyk-2-deficient mice defines their role in the humoral response. Nat. Immunol. 1, 31-36 (2000).
    • (2000) Nat. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 31-36
    • Guinamard, R.1    Okigaki, M.2    Schlessinger, J.3    Ravetch, J.V.4
  • 42
    • 0034603064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclin D3 compensates for loss of cyclin D2 in mouse B-lymphocytes activated via the antigen receptor and CD40
    • Lam, E.W. et al. Cyclin D3 compensates for loss of cyclin D2 in mouse B-lymphocytes activated via the antigen receptor and CD40. J. Biol Chem. 275, 3479-3484 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Biol Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 3479-3484
    • Lam, E.W.1
  • 43
    • 17544395426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclin D2 is essential for BCR-mediated proliferation and CD5 B cell development
    • Solvason, N. et al. Cyclin D2 is essential for BCR-mediated proliferation and CD5 B cell development. Int. Immunol. 12, 631-638 (2000).
    • (2000) Int. Immunol. , vol.12 , pp. 631-638
    • Solvason, N.1
  • 44
    • 0035798691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vav is required for cyclin D2 induction and proliferation of mouse B lymphocytes activated via the antigen receptor
    • Glassford, J. et al. Vav is required for cyclin D2 induction and proliferation of mouse B lymphocytes activated via the antigen receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 41040-41048 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 41040-41048
    • Glassford, J.1
  • 45
    • 0036498795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transitional B lymphocyte subsets operate as distinct checkpoints in murine splenic B cell development
    • Su, T.T. & Rawlings, D.J. Transitional B lymphocyte subsets operate as distinct checkpoints in murine splenic B cell development. J. Immunol. 168, 2101-2110 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Immunol. , vol.168 , pp. 2101-2110
    • Su, T.T.1    Rawlings, D.J.2
  • 46
    • 0034902905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrins and cell proliferation: Regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases via cytoplasmic signaling pathways
    • Schwartz, M.A. & Assoian, R.K. Integrins and cell proliferation: regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases via cytoplasmic signaling pathways. J. Cell. Sci. 114, 2553-2560 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Cell. Sci. , vol.114 , pp. 2553-2560
    • Schwartz, M.A.1    Assoian, R.K.2
  • 47
    • 0033582929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor
    • Brunet, A. et al. Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor. Cell 96, 857-868 (1999).
    • (1999) Cell , vol.96 , pp. 857-868
    • Brunet, A.1
  • 48
    • 0033560896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct control of the Forkhead transcription factor AFX by protein kinase B
    • Kops, G.J. et al. Direct control of the Forkhead transcription factor AFX by protein kinase B. Nature 398, 630-634 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 630-634
    • Kops, G.J.1
  • 49
    • 0034643331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AFX-like Forkhead transcription factors mediate cell-cycle regulation by Ras and PKB through p27kip1
    • Medema, R.H., Kops, G.J., Bos, J.L. & Burgering, B.M. AFX-like Forkhead transcription factors mediate cell-cycle regulation by Ras and PKB through p27kip1. Nature 404, 782-787 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 782-787
    • Medema, R.H.1    Kops, G.J.2    Bos, J.L.3    Burgering, B.M.4
  • 50
    • 0036796085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer banishes p27 from nucleus
    • Blain, S.W. & Massague, J. Breast cancer banishes p27 from nucleus. Nat. Med. 8, 1076-1078 (2002).
    • (2002) Nat. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 1076-1078
    • Blain, S.W.1    Massague, J.2
  • 51
    • 1842333237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-3-induced phosphorylation of BAD through the protein kinase Akt
    • del Peso, L., Gonzalez-Garcia, M., Page, C., Herrera, R. & Nunez, G. Interleukin-3-induced phosphorylation of BAD through the protein kinase Akt. Science 278, 687-689 (1997).
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 687-689
    • del Peso, L.1    Gonzalez-Garcia, M.2    Page, C.3    Herrera, R.4    Nunez, G.5
  • 52
    • 0034610982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual role for Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase (SHIP) in immunity: Aberrant development and enhanced function of B lymphocytes in SHIP-/- mice
    • Helgason, C.D. et al. A dual role for Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase (SHIP) in immunity: aberrant development and enhanced function of B lymphocytes in SHIP-/- mice. J. Exp. Med. 191, 781-794 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.191 , pp. 781-794
    • Helgason, C.D.1
  • 53
    • 0034194516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of B cell development, activation, and death by the Src homology 2 domain-containing 5′ inositol phosphatase (SHIP)
    • Brauweiler, A. et al. Differential regulation of B cell development, activation, and death by the Src homology 2 domain-containing 5′ inositol phosphatase (SHIP). J. Exp. Med. 191, 1545-1554 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.191 , pp. 1545-1554
    • Brauweiler, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.