메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 175-183

Role of p38 and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases in microglia

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Brain ischemia; Cytokines; Inflammation

Indexed keywords

LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38;

EID: 0036847840     PISSN: 08941491     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/glia.10151     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (251)

References (109)
  • 1
    • 0036178441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular psychology: Roles for the ERK MAP Kinase cascade in memory
    • Adams JP, Sweatt JD. 2002. Molecular psychology: Roles for the ERK MAP Kinase cascade in memory. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 42:135-163.
    • (2002) Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.42 , pp. 135-163
    • Adams, J.P.1    Sweatt, J.D.2
  • 2
    • 0030886770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases through Src and Ras in cultured cardiac myocytes of neonatal rats
    • Aikawa R, Komuro I, Yamazaki T, Zou Y, Kudoh S, Tanaka M, Shiojima I, Hiroi Y, Yazaki Y. 1997. Oxidative stress activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases through Src and Ras in cultured cardiac myocytes of neonatal rats. J Clin Invest 100:1813-1821.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.100 , pp. 1813-1821
    • Aikawa, R.1    Komuro, I.2    Yamazaki, T.3    Zou, Y.4    Kudoh, S.5    Tanaka, M.6    Shiojima, I.7    Hiroi, Y.8    Yazaki, Y.9
  • 4
    • 0028884033 scopus 로고
    • PD 098059 is a specific inhibitor of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase in vitro and in vivo
    • Alessi DR, Cuenda A, Cohen P, Dudley DT, Saltiel AR. 1995. PD 098059 is a specific inhibitor of the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 270:27489-27494.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 27489-27494
    • Alessi, D.R.1    Cuenda, A.2    Cohen, P.3    Dudley, D.T.4    Saltiel, A.R.5
  • 5
    • 0035208849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the JNK/p38 pathway occurs in diseases characterized by tau protein pathology and is related to tau phosphorylation but not to apoptosis
    • Atzori C, Ghetti B, Piva R, Srinivasan AN, Zolo P, Delisle MB, Mirra SS, Migheli A. 2001. Activation of the JNK/p38 pathway occurs in diseases characterized by tau protein pathology and is related to tau phosphorylation but not to apoptosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60:1190-1197.
    • (2001) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 1190-1197
    • Atzori, C.1    Ghetti, B.2    Piva, R.3    Srinivasan, A.N.4    Zolo, P.5    Delisle, M.B.6    Mirra, S.S.7    Migheli, A.8
  • 6
    • 0032032424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 subgroups of mitogen-activated protein kinases regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in endotoxin-stimulated primary glial cultures
    • Bhat NR, Zhang P, Lee JC, Hogan EL. 1998. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 subgroups of mitogen-activated protein kinases regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in endotoxin-stimulated primary glial cultures. J Neurosci 18:1633-1641.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 1633-1641
    • Bhat, N.R.1    Zhang, P.2    Lee, J.C.3    Hogan, E.L.4
  • 7
    • 0026165752 scopus 로고
    • Identification of multiple extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) with antipeptide antibodies
    • Boulton TG, Cobb MH. 1991. Identification of multiple extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) with antipeptide antibodies. Cell Regul 2:357-371.
    • (1991) Cell Regul , vol.2 , pp. 357-371
    • Boulton, T.G.1    Cobb, M.H.2
  • 9
    • 0025976722 scopus 로고
    • Purification and properties of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, an insulin-stimulated microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase
    • Boulton TG, Gregory JS, Cobb MH. 1991. Purification and properties of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, an insulin-stimulated microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase. Biochemistry 30:278-286.
    • (1991) Biochemistry , vol.30 , pp. 278-286
    • Boulton, T.G.1    Gregory, J.S.2    Cobb, M.H.3
  • 11
    • 0026608787 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear localization and regulation of erk- and rsk-encoded protein kinases
    • Chen RH, Sarnecki C, Blenis J. 1992. Nuclear localization and regulation of erk- and rsk-encoded protein kinases. Mol Cell Biol 12:915-927.
    • (1992) Mol Cell Biol , vol.12 , pp. 915-927
    • Chen, R.H.1    Sarnecki, C.2    Blenis, J.3
  • 12
    • 0027116042 scopus 로고
    • Bench to bedside: The glutamate connection
    • Choi DW. 1992. Bench to bedside: The glutamate connection. Science 258:241-243.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 241-243
    • Choi, D.W.1
  • 13
    • 0024093449 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system
    • Choi DW. 1988. Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system. Neuron 623-634.
    • (1988) Neuron , pp. 623-634
    • Choi, D.W.1
  • 14
    • 0029043582 scopus 로고
    • How MAP kinases are regulated
    • Cobb MH, Goldsmith EJ. 1995. How MAP kinases are regulated. J Biol Chem 270:14843-14846.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 14843-14846
    • Cobb, M.H.1    Goldsmith, E.J.2
  • 15
    • 0026300729 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular signal-regulated kinases: ERKs in progress
    • Cobb MH, Boulton TG, Robbins DJ. 1991. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases: ERKs in progress. Cell Regul 2:965-978.
    • (1991) Cell Regul , vol.2 , pp. 965-978
    • Cobb, M.H.1    Boulton, T.G.2    Robbins, D.J.3
  • 16
    • 0033080919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of microglial signal transduction pathways mediating a neurotoxic response to amyloidogenic fragments of beta-amyloid and prion proteins
    • Combs CK, Johnson DE, Cannady SB, Lehman TM, Landreth GE. 1999. Identification of microglial signal transduction pathways mediating a neurotoxic response to amyloidogenic fragments of betaamyloid and prion proteins. J Neurosci 19:928-939.
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 928-939
    • Combs, C.K.1    Johnson, D.E.2    Cannady, S.B.3    Lehman, T.M.4    Landreth, G.E.5
  • 17
    • 0035866060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • beta-Amyloid stimulation of microglia and monocytes results in TNFalpha-dependent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal apoptosis
    • Combs CK, Karlo JC, Kao SC, Landreth GE. 2001. beta-Amyloid stimulation of microglia and monocytes results in TNFalpha-dependent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal apoptosis. J Neurosci 21:1179-1188.
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 1179-1188
    • Combs, C.K.1    Karlo, J.C.2    Kao, S.C.3    Landreth, G.E.4
  • 18
    • 0026539931 scopus 로고
    • The primary structure of MEK, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the ERK gene product
    • Crews CM, Alessandrini A, Erikson RL. 1992. The primary structure of MEK, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the ERK gene product. Science 258:478-480.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 478-480
    • Crews, C.M.1    Alessandrini, A.2    Erikson, R.L.3
  • 19
    • 0029782176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and cDNA cloning of SAPKK3, the major activator of RK/p38 in stress- and cytokine-stimulated monocytes and epithelial cells
    • Cuenda A, Alonso G, Morrice N, Jones M, Meier R, Cohen P, Nebreda AR. 1996. Purification and cDNA cloning of SAPKK3, the major activator of RK/p38 in stress- and cytokine-stimulated monocytes and epithelial cells. EMBO J 15:4156-4164.
    • (1996) EMBO J , vol.15 , pp. 4156-4164
    • Cuenda, A.1    Alonso, G.2    Morrice, N.3    Jones, M.4    Meier, R.5    Cohen, P.6    Nebreda, A.R.7
  • 20
    • 0031024646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of stress-activated protein kinase-3 (SAPK3) by cytokines and cellular stresses is mediated via SAPKK3 (MKK6); comparison of the specificities of SAPK3 and SAPK2 (RK/p38)
    • Cuenda A, Cohen P, Buee-Scherrer V, Goedert M. 1997. Activation of stress-activated protein kinase-3 (SAPK3) by cytokines and cellular stresses is mediated via SAPKK3 (MKK6); comparison of the specificities of SAPK3 and SAPK2 (RK/p38). EMBO J 16:295-305.
    • (1997) EMBO J , vol.16 , pp. 295-305
    • Cuenda, A.1    Cohen, P.2    Buee-Scherrer, V.3    Goedert, M.4
  • 21
    • 0030712362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibits inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression in mouse astrocytes
    • Da Silva J, Pierrat B, Mary JL, Lesslauer W. 1997. Blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibits inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression in mouse astrocytes. J Biol Chem 272:28373-28380.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 28373-28380
    • Da Silva, J.1    Pierrat, B.2    Mary, J.L.3    Lesslauer, W.4
  • 22
    • 0036173719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD40-CD40L interactions induce chemokine expression by human microglia: Implications for human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis and multiple sclerosis
    • D'Aversa TG, Weidenheim KM, Berman JW. 2002. CD40-CD40L interactions induce chemokine expression by human microglia: Implications for human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis and multiple sclerosis. Am J Pathol 160:559-567.
    • (2002) Am J Pathol , vol.160 , pp. 559-567
    • D'Aversa, T.G.1    Weidenheim, K.M.2    Berman, J.W.3
  • 23
    • 0032211291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated analysis of the progression of cell responses induced by permanent focal middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat
    • Davies CA, Loddick SA, Stroemer RP, Hunt J, Rothwell NJ. 1998. An integrated analysis of the progression of cell responses induced by permanent focal middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Exp Neurol 154:199-212.
    • (1998) Exp Neurol , vol.154 , pp. 199-212
    • Davies, C.A.1    Loddick, S.A.2    Stroemer, R.P.3    Hunt, J.4    Rothwell, N.J.5
  • 24
    • 0032978333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The progression and topographic distribution of interleukin-1beta expression after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat
    • Davies CA, Loddick SA, Toulmond S, Stroemer RP, Hunt J, Rothwell NJ. 1999. The progression and topographic distribution of interleukin-1beta expression after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 19:87-98.
    • (1999) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.19 , pp. 87-98
    • Davies, C.A.1    Loddick, S.A.2    Toulmond, S.3    Stroemer, R.P.4    Hunt, J.5    Rothwell, N.J.6
  • 25
    • 0032479983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1) is directly activated by MAPK and SAPK2/p38, and may mediate activation of CREB
    • Deak M, Clifton AD, Lucocq LM, Alessi DR. 1998. Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1) is directly activated by MAPK and SAPK2/p38, and may mediate activation of CREB. EMBO J 17:4426-4441.
    • (1998) EMBO J , vol.17 , pp. 4426-4441
    • Deak, M.1    Clifton, A.D.2    Lucocq, L.M.3    Alessi, D.R.4
  • 27
    • 0035854802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stimulation of inducible nitric-oxide synthase by the prion protein fragment 106-126 in human microglia is tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and involves p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • Fabrizi C, Silei V, Menegazzi M, Salmona M, Bugiani O, Tagliavini F, Suzuki H, Lauro GM. 2001. The stimulation of inducible nitricoxide synthase by the prion protein fragment 106-126 in human microglia is tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent and involves p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 276:25692-25696.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 25692-25696
    • Fabrizi, C.1    Silei, V.2    Menegazzi, M.3    Salmona, M.4    Bugiani, O.5    Tagliavini, F.6    Suzuki, H.7    Lauro, G.M.8
  • 29
    • 0035914189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of active, phosphorylation-dependent MAP kinases, MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK and p38, and specific transcription factor substrates following quinolinic acid excitotoxicity in the rat
    • Ferrer I, Blanco R, Carmona M. 2001. Differential expression of active, phosphorylation-dependent MAP kinases, MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK and p38, and specific transcription factor substrates following quinolinic acid excitotoxicity in the rat. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 94:48-58.
    • (2001) Brain Res Mol Brain Res , vol.94 , pp. 48-58
    • Ferrer, I.1    Blanco, R.2    Carmona, M.3
  • 30
    • 0027438048 scopus 로고
    • Activation of p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase by glutamate receptor stimulation in rat primary cortical cultures
    • Fiore RS, Murphy TH, Sanghera JS, Pelech SL, Baraban JM. 1993. Activation of p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase by glutamate receptor stimulation in rat primary cortical cultures. J Neurochem 61:1626-1633.
    • (1993) J Neurochem , vol.61 , pp. 1626-1633
    • Fiore, R.S.1    Murphy, T.H.2    Sanghera, J.S.3    Pelech, S.L.4    Baraban, J.M.5
  • 31
    • 0028015872 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 activates a novel protein kinase cascade that results in the phosphorylation of Hsp27
    • Freshney NW, Rawlinson L, Guesdon F, Jones E, Cowley S, Hsuan J, Saklatvala J. 1994 Interleukin-1 activates a novel protein kinase cascade that results in the phosphorylation of Hsp27. Cell 78:1039-1049.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 1039-1049
    • Freshney, N.W.1    Rawlinson, L.2    Guesdon, F.3    Jones, E.4    Cowley, S.5    Hsuan, J.6    Saklatvala, J.7
  • 32
    • 0040175067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role and regulation of 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) in signal transduction
    • Frodin M, Gammeltoft S. 1999. Role and regulation of 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) in signal transduction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 151:65-77.
    • (1999) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.151 , pp. 65-77
    • Frodin, M.1    Gammeltoft, S.2
  • 33
    • 0030977270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates
    • Fukunaga R, Hunter T. 1997. MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates. EMBO J 16:1921-1933.
    • (1997) EMBO J , vol.16 , pp. 1921-1933
    • Fukunaga, R.1    Hunter, T.2
  • 34
    • 0027225936 scopus 로고
    • Serum-induced translocation of mitogen-activated protein kinase to the cell surface ruffling membrane and the nucleus
    • Gonzalez FA, Seth A, Raden DL, Bowman DS, Fay FS, Davis RJ. 1993. Serum-induced translocation of mitogen-activated protein kinase to the cell surface ruffling membrane and the nucleus. J Cell Biol 122:1089-1101
    • (1993) J Cell Biol , vol.122 , pp. 1089-1101
    • Gonzalez, F.A.1    Seth, A.2    Raden, D.L.3    Bowman, D.S.4    Fay, F.S.5    Davis, R.J.6
  • 35
    • 0032557678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by the activated MEKK1→SEK1/MKK4→p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
    • Guan Z, Buckman SY, Pentland AP, Templeton DJ, Morrison AR. 1998. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by the activated MEKK1→SEK1/MKK4→p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 273:12901-12908.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 12901-12908
    • Guan, Z.1    Buckman, S.Y.2    Pentland, A.P.3    Templeton, D.J.4    Morrison, A.R.5
  • 36
    • 0033120590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase alpha, beta, gamma, and delta in inflammatory cell lineages
    • Hale KK, Trollinger D, Rihanek M, Manthey CL. 1999. Differential expression and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase alpha, beta, gamma, and delta in inflammatory cell lineages. J Immunol 162:4246-4252.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.162 , pp. 4246-4252
    • Hale, K.K.1    Trollinger, D.2    Rihanek, M.3    Manthey, C.L.4
  • 37
    • 0033951505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease and inflammation: A review of cellular and therapeutic mechanisms
    • Halliday G, Robinson SR, Shepherd C, Kril J. 2000. Alzheimer's disease and inflammation: A review of cellular and therapeutic mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 27:1-8.
    • (2000) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.27 , pp. 1-8
    • Halliday, G.1    Robinson, S.R.2    Shepherd, C.3    Kril, J.4
  • 38
    • 0034945260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG126 prevents the massive microglial cytokine induction by pneumococcal cell walls
    • Hanisch UK, Prinz M, Angstwurm K, Hausler KG, Kann O, Kettenmann H, Weber JR. 2001. The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG126 prevents the massive microglial cytokine induction by pneumococcal cell walls. Eur J Immunol 31:2104-2115.
    • (2001) Eur J Immunol , vol.31 , pp. 2104-2115
    • Hanisch, U.K.1    Prinz, M.2    Angstwurm, K.3    Hausler, K.G.4    Kann, O.5    Kettenmann, H.6    Weber, J.R.7
  • 39
    • 0029020282 scopus 로고
    • Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: Kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification
    • Hanks SK, Hunter T. 1995. Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: Kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification. FASEB J 9:576-596.
    • (1995) FASEB J , vol.9 , pp. 576-596
    • Hanks, S.K.1    Hunter, T.2
  • 42
    • 0032850020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p38 MAPK signalling cascades in inflammatory disease
    • Herlaar E, Brown Z. 1999. p38 MAPK signalling cascades in inflammatory disease. Mol Med Today 5:439-447.
    • (1999) Mol Med Today , vol.5 , pp. 439-447
    • Herlaar, E.1    Brown, Z.2
  • 44
    • 0028232799 scopus 로고
    • Transgenic mouse brain histopathology resembles early Alzheimer's disease
    • Higgins LS, Holtzman DM, Rabin J, Mobley WC, Cordell B. 1994. Transgenic mouse brain histopathology resembles early Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 35:598-607.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 598-607
    • Higgins, L.S.1    Holtzman, D.M.2    Rabin, J.3    Mobley, W.C.4    Cordell, B.5
  • 45
    • 0029064572 scopus 로고
    • Early Alzheimer disease-like histopathology increases in frequency with age in mice transgenic for beta-APP751
    • Higgins LS, Rodems JM, Catalano R, Quon D, Cordell B. 1995. Early Alzheimer disease-like histopathology increases in frequency with age in mice transgenic for beta-APP751. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:4402-4406.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 4402-4406
    • Higgins, L.S.1    Rodems, J.M.2    Catalano, R.3    Quon, D.4    Cordell, B.5
  • 46
    • 0032733076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rat primary cultured microglia express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptors
    • Honda S, Nakajima K, Nakamura Y, Imai Y, Kohsaka S. 1999. Rat primary cultured microglia express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptors. Neurosci Lett 275:203-206.
    • (1999) Neurosci Lett , vol.275 , pp. 203-206
    • Honda, S.1    Nakajima, K.2    Nakamura, Y.3    Imai, Y.4    Kohsaka, S.5
  • 47
    • 0028360196 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that inactive p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and inactive Rsk exist as a heterodimer in vivo
    • Hsiao KM, Chou SY, Shih SJ, Ferrell JE Jr. 1994. Evidence that inactive p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and inactive Rsk exist as a heterodimer in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:5480-5484.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.91 , pp. 5480-5484
    • Hsiao, K.M.1    Chou, S.Y.2    Shih, S.J.3    Ferrell J.E., Jr.4
  • 48
    • 0031057892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress-induced actin reorganization mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/heat shock protein 27 pathway in vascular endothelial cells
    • Huot J, Houle F, Marceau F, Landry J. 1997. Oxidative stress-induced actin reorganization mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/heat shock protein 27 pathway in vascular endothelial cells. Circ Res 80:383-392.
    • (1997) Circ Res , vol.80 , pp. 383-392
    • Huot, J.1    Houle, F.2    Marceau, F.3    Landry, J.4
  • 49
    • 0032054723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) - From inflammation to development
    • Ip YT, Davis RJ. 1998. Signal transduction by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) - From inflammation to development. Curr Opin Cell Biol 10:205-219.
    • (1998) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.10 , pp. 205-219
    • Ip, Y.T.1    Davis, R.J.2
  • 50
    • 0029917886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanism of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary degeneration and therapeutic intervention
    • Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I. 1996. Molecular mechanism of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary degeneration and therapeutic intervention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 777:132-138.
    • (1996) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.777 , pp. 132-138
    • Iqbal, K.1    Grundke-Iqbal, I.2
  • 51
    • 0029982565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the structure and function of a new mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38beta)
    • Jiang Y, Chen C, Li Z, Guo W, Gegner JA, Lin S, Han J. 1996. Characterization of the structure and function of a new mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38beta). J Biol Chem 271:17920-17926.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 17920-17926
    • Jiang, Y.1    Chen, C.2    Li, Z.3    Guo, W.4    Gegner, J.A.5    Lin, S.6    Han, J.7
  • 52
    • 0030694387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMK1/ERK5 regulates serum-induced early gene expression through transcription factor MEF2C
    • Kato Y, Kravchenko VV, Tapping RI, Han J, Ulevitch RJ, Lee JD. 1997. BMK1/ERK5 regulates serum-induced early gene expression through transcription factor MEF2C. EMBO J 16:7054-7066.
    • (1997) EMBO J , vol.16 , pp. 7054-7066
    • Kato, Y.1    Kravchenko, V.V.2    Tapping, R.I.3    Han, J.4    Ulevitch, R.J.5    Lee, J.D.6
  • 53
    • 0035807829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific spatial learning deficits become severe with age in beta-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice that harbor diffuse beta-amyloid deposits but do not form plaques
    • Koistinaho M, Ort M, Cimadevilla JM, Vondrous R, Cordell B, Koistinaho J, Bures J, Higgins LS. 2001. Specific spatial learning deficits become severe with age in beta-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice that harbor diffuse beta-amyloid deposits but do not form plaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98:14675-14680.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 14675-14680
    • Koistinaho, M.1    Ort, M.2    Cimadevilla, J.M.3    Vondrous, R.4    Cordell, B.5    Koistinaho, J.6    Bures, J.7    Higgins, L.S.8
  • 55
    • 0031587929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel homologues of CSBP/p38 MAP kinase: Activation, substrate specificity and sensitivity to inhibition by pyridinyl imidazoles
    • Kumar S, McDonnell PC, Gum RJ, Hand AT, Lee JC, Young PR. 1997. Novel homologues of CSBP/p38 MAP kinase: Activation, substrate specificity and sensitivity to inhibition by pyridinyl imidazoles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 23:533-538.
    • (1997) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.23 , pp. 533-538
    • Kumar, S.1    McDonnell, P.C.2    Gum, R.J.3    Hand, A.T.4    Lee, J.C.5    Young, P.R.6
  • 56
    • 0029744885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sounding the alarm: Protein kinase cascades activated by stress and inflammation
    • Kyriakis JM, Avruch J. 1996. Sounding the alarm: Protein kinase cascades activated by stress and inflammation. J Biol Chem 271:24313-24316.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 24313-24316
    • Kyriakis, J.M.1    Avruch, J.2
  • 57
    • 0035066383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation
    • Kyriakis JM, Avruch J. 2001. Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation. Physiol Rev 81:807-869.
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 807-869
    • Kyriakis, J.M.1    Avruch, J.2
  • 58
    • 0033515597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HSP27 multimerization mediated by phosphorylation-sensitive intermolecular interactions at the amino terminus
    • Lambert H, Charette SJ, Bernier AF, Guimond A, Landry J. 1999. HSP27 multimerization mediated by phosphorylation-sensitive intermolecular interactions at the amino terminus. J Biol Chem 274:9378-9385.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 9378-9385
    • Lambert, H.1    Charette, S.J.2    Bernier, A.F.3    Guimond, A.4    Landry, J.5
  • 61
    • 0033911179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p38 map kinase regulates TNF-alpha production in human astrocytes and microglia by multiple mechanisms
    • Lee YB, Schrader JW, Kim SU. 2000. p38 map kinase regulates TNF-alpha production in human astrocytes and microglia by multiple mechanisms. Cytokine 12:874-880.
    • (2000) Cytokine , vol.12 , pp. 874-880
    • Lee, Y.B.1    Schrader, J.W.2    Kim, S.U.3
  • 62
    • 0035888177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E suppression of microglial activation is neuroprotective
    • Li Y, Liu L, Barger SW, Mrak RE, Griffin WS. 2001. Vitamin E suppression of microglial activation is neuroprotective. J Neurosci Res 66:163-170.
    • (2001) J Neurosci Res , vol.66 , pp. 163-170
    • Li, Y.1    Liu, L.2    Barger, S.W.3    Mrak, R.E.4    Griffin, W.S.5
  • 63
    • 0033151937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction pathways induced by GM-CSF in microglia: Significance in the control of proliferation
    • Liva SM, Kahn MA, Dopp JM, de Vellis J. 1999. Signal transduction pathways induced by GM-CSF in microglia: Significance in the control of proliferation. Glia 26:344-352.
    • (1999) Glia , vol.26 , pp. 344-352
    • Liva, S.M.1    Kahn, M.A.2    Dopp, J.M.3    De Vellis, J.4
  • 64
    • 0027297647 scopus 로고
    • The SRF accessory protein Elk-1 contains a growth factor-regulated transcriptional activation domain
    • Marais R, Wynne J, Treisman R. 1993. The SRF accessory protein Elk-1 contains a growth factor-regulated transcriptional activation domain. Cell 73:381-393.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.73 , pp. 381-393
    • Marais, R.1    Wynne, J.2    Treisman, R.3
  • 65
    • 0028152333 scopus 로고
    • MAP kinase kinase kinase, MAP kinase kinase and MAP kinase
    • Marshall CJ. 1994. MAP kinase kinase kinase, MAP kinase kinase and MAP kinase. Curr Opin Genet Dev 4:82-89.
    • (1994) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.4 , pp. 82-89
    • Marshall, C.J.1
  • 66
    • 0028872649 scopus 로고
    • Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: Transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation
    • Marshall CJ. 1995. Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: Transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Cell 80:179-185.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 179-185
    • Marshall, C.J.1
  • 67
    • 0032526423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • beta-Amyloid fibrils activate parallel mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in microglia and THP1 monocytes
    • McDonald DR, Bamberger ME, Combs CK, Landreth GE. 1998. beta-Amyloid fibrils activate parallel mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in microglia and THP1 monocytes. J Neurosci 18:4451-4460.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 4451-4460
    • McDonald, D.R.1    Bamberger, M.E.2    Combs, C.K.3    Landreth, G.E.4
  • 68
    • 0032944604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation of the brain in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for therapy
    • McGeer PL, McGeer EG. 1999. Inflammation of the brain in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for therapy. J Leukoc Biol 65:409-415.
    • (1999) J Leukoc Biol , vol.65 , pp. 409-415
    • McGeer, P.L.1    McGeer, E.G.2
  • 69
    • 0029811901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease: A review of 17 epidemiologic studies
    • McGeer PL, Schulzer M, McGeer EG. 1996. Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease: A review of 17 epidemiologic studies. Neurology 47:425-432.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 425-432
    • McGeer, P.L.1    Schulzer, M.2    McGeer, E.G.3
  • 70
    • 0033970158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JNK and p38 stress kinases - Degenerative effectors of signal-transduction-cascades in the nervous system
    • Mielke K, Herdegen T. 2000. JNK and p38 stress kinases - Degenerative effectors of signal-transduction-cascades in the nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 61:45-60.
    • (2000) Prog Neurobiol , vol.61 , pp. 45-60
    • Mielke, K.1    Herdegen, T.2
  • 71
    • 0032446828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of interleukin-1beta-induced interleukin-6 gene expression in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes by glucocorticoids
    • Miyazawa K, Mori A, Okudaira H. 1998. Regulation of interleukin-1beta-induced interleukin-6 gene expression in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes by glucocorticoids. J Biochem (Tokyo) 124:1130-1137.
    • (1998) J Biochem (Tokyo) , vol.124 , pp. 1130-1137
    • Miyazawa, K.1    Mori, A.2    Okudaira, H.3
  • 72
    • 0033822556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombin-induced activation of cultured rodent microglia
    • Moller T, Hanisch UK, Ransom BR. 2000. Thrombin-induced activation of cultured rodent microglia. J Neurochem 75:1539-1547.
    • (2000) J Neurochem , vol.75 , pp. 1539-1547
    • Moller, T.1    Hanisch, U.K.2    Ransom, B.R.3
  • 73
    • 0027386940 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of microglial reaction after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat brain
    • Morioka T, Kalehua AN, Streit WJ. 1993. Characterization of microglial reaction after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat brain. J Comp Neurol 327:123-132.
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.327 , pp. 123-132
    • Morioka, T.1    Kalehua, A.N.2    Streit, W.J.3
  • 75
    • 0033965158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The p38 signal transduction pathway: Activation and function
    • Ono K, Han J. 2000. The p38 signal transduction pathway: Activation and function. Cell Signal 12:1-13.
    • (2000) Cell Signal , vol.12 , pp. 1-13
    • Ono, K.1    Han, J.2
  • 76
    • 0032866588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial activation by components of gram-positive and -negative bacteria: Distinct and common routes to the induction of ion channels and cytokines
    • Prinz M, Kann O, Draheim HJ, Schumann RR, Kettenmann H, Weber JR, Hanisch UK. 1999. Microglial activation by components of gram-positive and -negative bacteria: Distinct and common routes to the induction of ion channels and cytokines. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58:1078-1089.
    • (1999) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 1078-1089
    • Prinz, M.1    Kann, O.2    Draheim, H.J.3    Schumann, R.R.4    Kettenmann, H.5    Weber, J.R.6    Hanisch, U.K.7
  • 77
    • 0032579949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-activated protein kinases activated by lipopolysaccharide and beta-amyloid in cultured rat microglia
    • Pyo H, Jou I, Jung S, Hong S, Joe EH. 1998. Mitogen-activated protein kinases activated by lipopolysaccharide and beta-amyloid in cultured rat microglia. NeuroReport 9:871-874.
    • (1998) NeuroReport , vol.9 , pp. 871-874
    • Pyo, H.1    Jou, I.2    Jung, S.3    Hong, S.4    Joe, E.H.5
  • 78
    • 0033520940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gangliosides activate cultured rat brain microglia
    • Pyo H, Joe E, Jung S, Lee SH, Jou I. 1999. Gangliosides activate cultured rat brain microglia. J Biol Chem 274:34584-34589.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 34584-34589
    • Pyo, H.1    Joe, E.2    Jung, S.3    Lee, S.H.4    Jou, I.5
  • 79
  • 80
    • 0028935270 scopus 로고
    • Pro-inflammatory cytokines and environmental stress cause p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by dual phosphorylation on tyrosine and threonine
    • Raingeaud J, Gupta S, Rogers JS, Dickens M, Han J, Ulevitch RJ, Davis RJ. 1995. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and environmental stress cause p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by dual phosphorylation on tyrosine and threonine. J Biol Chem 270:7420-7426.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 7420-7426
    • Raingeaud, J.1    Gupta, S.2    Rogers, J.S.3    Dickens, M.4    Han, J.5    Ulevitch, R.J.6    Davis, R.J.7
  • 81
    • 0031114081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actions of IL-1 are selectively controlled by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: Regulation of prostaglandin H synthase-2, metalloproteinases, and IL-6 at different levels
    • Ridley SH, Sarsfield SJ, Lee JC, Bigg HF, Cawston TE, Taylor DJ, DeWitt DL, Saklatvala J. 1997. Actions of IL-1 are selectively controlled by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: Regulation of prostaglandin H synthase-2, metalloproteinases, and IL-6 at different levels. J Immunol 158:3165-3173.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 3165-3173
    • Ridley, S.H.1    Sarsfield, S.J.2    Lee, J.C.3    Bigg, H.F.4    Cawston, T.E.5    Taylor, D.J.6    DeWitt, D.L.7    Saklatvala, J.8
  • 82
    • 0032515186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A p38 MAP kinase inhibitor regulates stability of interleukin-1-induced cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA
    • Ridley SH, Dean JL, Sarsfield SJ, Brook M, Clark AR, Saklatvala J. 1998. A p38 MAP kinase inhibitor regulates stability of interleukin-1-induced cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA. FEBS Lett 439:75-80.
    • (1998) FEBS Lett , vol.439 , pp. 75-80
    • Ridley, S.H.1    Dean, J.L.2    Sarsfield, S.J.3    Brook, M.4    Clark, A.R.5    Saklatvala, J.6
  • 83
    • 0028277844 scopus 로고
    • Membrane depolarization and calcium influx stimulate MEK and MAP kinase via activation of Ras
    • Rosen LB, Ginty DD, Weber MJ, Greenberg ME. 1994. Membrane depolarization and calcium influx stimulate MEK and MAP kinase via activation of Ras. Neuron 12:1207-1221.
    • (1994) Neuron , vol.12 , pp. 1207-1221
    • Rosen, L.B.1    Ginty, D.D.2    Weber, M.J.3    Greenberg, M.E.4
  • 84
    • 0028022750 scopus 로고
    • A novel kinase cascade triggered by stress and heat shock that stimulates MAPKAP kinase-2 and phosphorylation of the small heat shock proteins
    • Rouse J, Cohen P, Trigon S, Morange M, Alonso-Llamazares A, Zamanillo D, Hunt T, Nebreda AR. 1994. A novel kinase cascade triggered by stress and heat shock that stimulates MAPKAP kinase-2 and phosphorylation of the small heat shock proteins. Cell 78:1027-1037.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 1027-1037
    • Rouse, J.1    Cohen, P.2    Trigon, S.3    Morange, M.4    Alonso-Llamazares, A.5    Zamanillo, D.6    Hunt, T.7    Nebreda, A.R.8
  • 85
    • 0031817860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of microglia activation and apoptosis in various brain regions after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice
    • Rupalla K, Allegrini PR, Sauer D, Wiessner C. 1998. Time course of microglia activation and apoptosis in various brain regions after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 96:172-178.
    • (1998) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.96 , pp. 172-178
    • Rupalla, K.1    Allegrini, P.R.2    Sauer, D.3    Wiessner, C.4
  • 86
    • 0034730753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombin induces NO release from cultured rat microglia via protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-kappa B
    • Ryu J, Pyo H, Jou I, Joe E. 2000. Thrombin induces NO release from cultured rat microglia via protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-kappa B. J Biol Chem 275:29955-29959.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 29955-29959
    • Ryu, J.1    Pyo, H.2    Jou, I.3    Joe, E.4
  • 87
    • 0036143654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p38-Dependent marking of inflammatory genes for increased NF-kappa B recruitment
    • Saccani S, Pantano S, Natoli G. 2002. p38-Dependent marking of inflammatory genes for increased NF-kappa B recruitment. Nat Immunol 3:69-75.
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 69-75
    • Saccani, S.1    Pantano, S.2    Natoli, G.3
  • 88
    • 0027057659 scopus 로고
    • Immunological characterization of avian MAP kinases: Evidence for nuclear localization
    • Sanghera JS, Peter M, Nigg EA, Pelech SL. 1992. Immunological characterization of avian MAP kinases: Evidence for nuclear localization. Mol Biol Cell 3:775-787.
    • (1992) Mol Biol Cell , vol.3 , pp. 775-787
    • Sanghera, J.S.1    Peter, M.2    Nigg, E.A.3    Pelech, S.L.4
  • 89
    • 0034535984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-beta induces the expression of the FLICE-inhibitory protein and inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of microglia
    • Schlapbach R, Spanaus KS, Malipiero U, Lens S, Tasinato A, Tschopp J, Fontana A. 2000. TGF-beta induces the expression of the FLICE-inhibitory protein and inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of microglia. Eur J Immunol 30:3680-3688.
    • (2000) Eur J Immunol , vol.30 , pp. 3680-3688
    • Schlapbach, R.1    Spanaus, K.S.2    Malipiero, U.3    Lens, S.4    Tasinato, A.5    Tschopp, J.6    Fontana, A.7
  • 90
    • 0026464922 scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction within the nucleus by mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • Seth A, Gonzalez FA, Gupta S, Raden DL, Davis RJ. 1992. Signal transduction within the nucleus by mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 267:24796-24804.
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 24796-24804
    • Seth, A.1    Gonzalez, F.A.2    Gupta, S.3    Raden, D.L.4    Davis, R.J.5
  • 91
    • 0034814542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying extracellular ATP-evoked interleukin-6 release in mouse microglial cell line, MG-5
    • Shigemoto-Mogami Y, Koizumi S, Tsuda M, Ohsawa K, Kohsaka S, Inoue K. 2001. Mechanisms underlying extracellular ATP-evoked interleukin-6 release in mouse microglial cell line, MG-5. J Neurochem 78:1339-1349.
    • (2001) J Neurochem , vol.78 , pp. 1339-1349
    • Shigemoto-Mogami, Y.1    Koizumi, S.2    Tsuda, M.3    Ohsawa, K.4    Kohsaka, S.5    Inoue, K.6
  • 92
    • 0034698943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of MAP kinase (ERK-1/ERK-2), tyrosine kinase and VEGF in the human brain following acute ischaemic stroke
    • Slevin M, Krupinski J, Slowik A, Rubio F, Szczudlik A, Gaffney J. 2000. Activation of MAP kinase (ERK-1/ERK-2), tyrosine kinase and VEGF in the human brain following acute ischaemic stroke. NeuroReport 11:2759-2764.
    • (2000) NeuroReport , vol.11 , pp. 2759-2764
    • Slevin, M.1    Krupinski, J.2    Slowik, A.3    Rubio, F.4    Szczudlik, A.5    Gaffney, J.6
  • 93
    • 0033613857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) docking site in ribosomal S6 kinase, a sequence critical for activation by ERK in vivo
    • Smith JA, Poteet-Smith CE, Malarkey K, Sturgill TW. 1999. Identification of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) docking site in ribosomal S6 kinase, a sequence critical for activation by ERK in vivo. J Biol Chem 274:2893-2898.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 2893-2898
    • Smith, J.A.1    Poteet-Smith, C.E.2    Malarkey, K.3    Sturgill, T.W.4
  • 94
    • 0030747146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the ERK subgroup of MAP kinase cascades through G protein-coupled receptors
    • Sugden PH, Clerk A. 1997. Regulation of the ERK subgroup of MAP kinase cascades through G protein-coupled receptors. Cell Signal 9:337-351.
    • (1997) Cell Signal , vol.9 , pp. 337-351
    • Sugden, P.H.1    Clerk, A.2
  • 96
    • 0032756061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligation of microglial CD40 results in p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent TNF-alpha production that is opposed by TGF-beta 1 and IL-10
    • Tan J, Town T, Saxe M, Paris D, Wu Y, Mullan M. 1999. Ligation of microglial CD40 results in p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent TNF-alpha production that is opposed by TGF-beta 1 and IL-10. J Immunol 163:6614-6621.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.163 , pp. 6614-6621
    • Tan, J.1    Town, T.2    Saxe, M.3    Paris, D.4    Wu, Y.5    Mullan, M.6
  • 97
    • 0034667558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD45 opposes beta-amyloid peptide-induced microglial activation via inhibition of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • Tan J, Town T, Mori T, Wu Y, Saxe M, Crawford F, Mullan M. 2000a. CD45 opposes beta-amyloid peptide-induced microglial activation via inhibition of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Neurosci 20:7587-7594.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 7587-7594
    • Tan, J.1    Town, T.2    Mori, T.3    Wu, Y.4    Saxe, M.5    Crawford, F.6    Mullan, M.7
  • 98
    • 0034711317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD45 inhibits CD40L-induced microglial activation via negative regulation of the Src/p44/42 MAPK pathway
    • Tan J, Town T, Mullan M. 2000b. CD45 inhibits CD40L-induced microglial activation via negative regulation of the Src/p44/42 MAPK pathway. J Biol Chem 275:37224-37231.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 37224-37231
    • Tan, J.1    Town, T.2    Mullan, M.3
  • 99
    • 0034281374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral ischemia and seizures induce tyrosine phosphorylation of PYK2 in neurons and microglial cells
    • Tian D, Litvak V, Lev S. 2000. Cerebral ischemia and seizures induce tyrosine phosphorylation of PYK2 in neurons and microglial cells. J Neurosci 20:6478-6487.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 6478-6487
    • Tian, D.1    Litvak, V.2    Lev, S.3
  • 100
    • 0035876916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline provides neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglia
    • Tikka TM, Koistinaho JE. 2001. Minocycline provides neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglia. J Immunol 166:7527-7533.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 7527-7533
    • Tikka, T.M.1    Koistinaho, J.E.2
  • 101
    • 0035871840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, is neuroprotective against excitotoxicity by inhibiting activation and proliferation of microglia
    • Tikka T, Fiebich BL, Goldsteins G, Keinanen R, Koistinaho J. 2001. Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, is neuroprotective against excitotoxicity by inhibiting activation and proliferation of microglia. J Neurosci 21:2580-2588.
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 2580-2588
    • Tikka, T.1    Fiebich, B.L.2    Goldsteins, G.3    Keinanen, R.4    Koistinaho, J.5
  • 105
    • 0030977269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-activated protein kinases activate the serine/threonine kinases Mnk1 and Mnk2
    • Waskiewicz AJ, Flynn A, Proud CG, Cooper JA. 1997. Mitogen-activated protein kinases activate the serine/threonine kinases Mnk1 and Mnk2. EMBO J 16:1909-1920.
    • (1997) EMBO J , vol.16 , pp. 1909-1920
    • Waskiewicz, A.J.1    Flynn, A.2    Proud, C.G.3    Cooper, J.A.4
  • 106
    • 0032981328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of the cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E by protein kinase Mnk1 in vivo
    • Waskiewicz AJ, Johnson JC, Penn B, Mahalingam M, Kimball SR, Cooper JA. 1999. Phosphorylation of the cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E by protein kinase Mnk1 in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 19:1871-1880.
    • (1999) Mol Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 1871-1880
    • Waskiewicz, A.J.1    Johnson, J.C.2    Penn, B.3    Mahalingam, M.4    Kimball, S.R.5    Cooper, J.A.6
  • 107
    • 0029125757 scopus 로고
    • Integration of MAP kinase signal transduction pathways at the serum response element
    • Whitmarsh AJ, Shore P, Sharrocks AD, Davis RJ. 1995. Integration of MAP kinase signal transduction pathways at the serum response element. Science 269:403-407.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 403-407
    • Whitmarsh, A.J.1    Shore, P.2    Sharrocks, A.D.3    Davis, R.J.4
  • 108
    • 0027055388 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Current status of interpretation of lesion development
    • Wisniewski HM, Wegiel J. 1992. Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Current status of interpretation of lesion development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 673:270-284.
    • (1992) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.673 , pp. 270-284
    • Wisniewski, H.M.1    Wegiel, J.2
  • 109
    • 0032575591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Germinal center kinase couples TRAF2 to mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase 1 and SAPK while receptor interacting protein associates with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase upstream of MKK6 and p38
    • 2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Germinal center kinase couples TRAF2 to mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase 1 and SAPK while receptor interacting protein associates with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase upstream of MKK6 and p38. J Biol Chem 273:22681-22692.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 22681-22692
    • Yuasa, T.1    Ohno, S.2    Kehrl, J.H.3    Kyriakis, J.M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.