Avoiding the kiss of death: How HIV and other chronic viruses survive

Current Opinion in Immunology

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 478-486

  Lieberman, Judy ^a   Manjunath, N ^a   Shankar, Premlata ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CD27 ANTIGEN; CD45 ANTIGEN; CD56 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR7; INTERLEUKIN 13; INTERLEUKIN 15; INTERLEUKIN 2; PADGEM PROTEIN; PERFORIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR; VIRUS ANTIGEN; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PORE FORMING CYTOTOXIC PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; APOPTOSIS; CELL FUNCTION; CELL SURVIVAL; CELL TYPE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CLONAL ANERGY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOLYSIS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; CYTOTOXICITY; EFFECTOR CELL; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; MEMORY CELL; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; T LYMPHOCYTE; VIRUS IMMUNITY; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS SURVIVAL; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHRONIC DISEASE; DISEASE MODEL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOLOGY; MONKEY DISEASE; MOUSE; PATHOGENICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; VIRUS;

ANIMALS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLONAL ANERGY; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS; MICE; MODELS, IMMUNOLOGICAL; PORE FORMING CYTOTOXIC PROTEINS; SIMIAN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC; VIRUS DISEASES; VIRUSES;

EID: 0036668246     PISSN: 09527915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0952-7915(02)00366-7     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and their role in immunological protection and pathogenesis in vivo
2. Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8(+) T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
3. Control of viremia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection by CD8+ lymphocytes
4. Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes
5. Dressed to kill? A review of why antiviral CD8 T lymphocytes fail to prevent progressive immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection
6. Viral subversion of the immune system
7. The critical need for CD4 help in maintaining effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses
8. HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells produce antiviral cytokines but are impaired in cytolytic function
9. Viral-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes lyse HIV-infected primary T lymphocytes by the granule exocytosis pathway
10. Cytotoxicity mediated by T cells and natural killer cells is greatly impaired in perforin-deficient mice
11. In vitro- and ex vivo-derived cytolytic leukocytes from granzyme A x B double knockout mice are defective in granule-mediated apoptosis but not lysis of target cells
12. Perforin gene defects in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
13. A role for perforin in activation-induced T cell death in vivo: Increased expansion of allogeneic perforin-deficient T cells in SCID mice
14. Regulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell homeostasis by perforin and interferon-gamma
15. Critical role for perforin-, Fas/FasL-, and TNFR1-mediated cytotoxic pathways in down-regulation of antigen-specific T cells during persistent viral infection
16. CD8 T cells specific for human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus lack molecules for homing to lymphoid sites of infection
17. - human T cells
18. Cytolytic effector function in human circulating CD8+ T cells closely correlates with CD56 surface expression
19. The activatory receptor 2B4 is expressed in vivo by human CD8+ effector alpha beta T cells
20. CD27-CD27 ligand/CD70 interactions enhance alloantigen-induced proliferation and cytolytic activity in CD8+ T lymphocytes
21. CD27 is required for generation and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity
22. Modelling T-cell memory by genetic marking of memory T cells in vivo
23. Linear differentiation of cytotoxic effectors into memory T lymphocytes
24. Effector differentiation is not prerequisite for generation of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes
25. Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions
26. EBV-specific CD8+ T cell memory: Relationships between epitope specificity, cell phenotype, and immediate effector function
27. Memory CD8+ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infections
28. 2+ signaling modulates cytolytic T lymphocyte effector functions
29. Selective induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector function by Staphylococcus enterotoxin B
30. Epitope affinity for MHC class I determines helper requirement for CTL priming
31. Incomplete CD8(+) T lymphocyte differentiation as a mechanism for subdominant cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to a viral antigen
32. Alterations in signal transduction molecules in T lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice
33. HIV infection-induced posttranslational modification of T cell signaling molecules associated with disease progression
34. Altered pattern of TCR/CD3-mediated protein-tyrosyl phosphorylation in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosis
35. Circulating CD8 T lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals have impaired function and downmodulate CD3 zeta, the signaling chain of the T-cell receptor complex
36. CD3 zeta and CD28 down-modulation on CD8 T cells during viral infection
37. Human immunodeficiency virus-specific circulating CD8 T lymphocytes have down-modulated CD3 zeta and CD28, key signaling molecules for T-cell activation
38. Signaling alterations in activation-induced nonresponsive CD8 T cells
39. Activation-induced nonresponsiveness: A Th-dependent regulatory checkpoint in the CTL response
40. CD28-negative cytolytic effector T cells frequently express NK receptors and are present at variable proportions in circulating lymphocytes from healthy donors and melanoma patients
41. Expression of HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptors in human cytolytic T lymphocytes: A regulated mechanism that controls T-cell activation and function
42. CD94-NKG2A receptors regulate antiviral CD8(+) T cell responses
43. Combinatorial effect of T-cell receptor ligation and CD45 isoform expression on the signaling contribution of the small GTPases Ras and Rap1
44. A functional and kinetic comparison of antiviral effector and memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte populations in vivo and in vitro
45. Functional differences between memory and naive CD8 T cells
46. Homeostasis-stimulated proliferation drives naive T cells to differentiate directly into memory T cells
47. Peptide antigen treatment of naive and virus-immune mice: Antigen-specific tolerance versus immunopathology
48. Response of naive and memory CD8+ T cells to antigen stimulation in vivo
49. Rapid effector function in CD8+ memory T cells
50. Structure and function of the murine perforin promoter and upstream region. Reciprocal gene activation or silencing in perforin positive and negative cells
51. Transgenic control of perforin gene expression. Functional evidence for two separate control regions
52. A critical role of Sp1- and Ets-related transcription factors in maintaining CTL-specific expression of the mouse perforin gene
53. Interleukin 2 receptor signaling regulates the perforin gene through signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)5 activation of two enhancers
54. Elf-1 regulates basal expression from the T cell antigen receptor zeta-chain gene promoter
55. Inhibition of CTL induction by rapamycin: IL-2 rescues granzyme B and perforin expression but only partially restores cytotoxic activity
56. Role of a STAT binding site in the regulation of the human perforin promoter
57. Enhanced establishment of a virus carrier state in adult CD4+ T-cell-deficient mice
58. CD4+ T cells are required to sustain CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses during chronic viral infection
59. Progressive loss of CD8+ T cell-mediated control of a gamma-herpesvirus in the absence of CD4+ T cells
60. Viral and bacterial infections interfere with peripheral tolerance induction and activate CD8+ T cells to cause immunopathology
61. A transgenic mouse model to analyze CD8+ effector T cell differentiation in vivo
62. Viral immune evasion due to persistence of activated T cells without effector function
63. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1- and cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can persist at high frequency for prolonged periods in the absence of circulating peripheral CD4(+) T cells
64. Virus-specific MHC-class II-restricted TCR-transgenic mice: Effects on humoral and cellular immune responses after viral infection
65. Reduced functional capacity of CD8(+) T cells expanded by post-exposure vaccination of gamma-herpesvirus-infected CD4-deficient mice
66. Frequency of class I HLA-restricted anti-HIV CD8+ T cells in individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
67. Impaired function of circulating HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells in chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection
68. The role of CD4(+) T cell help and CD40 ligand in the In vitro expansion of HIV-1-specific memory cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell responses
69. Perforin is not co-expressed with granzyme A within cytotoxic granules in CD8 T lymphocytes present in lymphoid tissue during chronic HIV infection
70. A significant number of human immunodeficiency virus epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes detected by tetramer binding do not produce gamma interferon
71. Functionally inert HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not play a major role in chronically infected adults and children
72. Functional impairment of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T cells during the chronic phase of infection
73. Impairment of Gag-specific CD8(+) T-cell function in mucosal and systemic compartments of simian immunodeficiency virus mac251- and simian-human immunodeficiency virus KU2-infected macaques
74. Sustained dysfunction of antiviral CD8+ T lymphocytes after infection with hepatitis C virus
75. Dysfunctional Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes and increased EBV load in HIV-1 infected individuals progressing to AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma
76. NKT cell-mediated repression of tumor immunosurveillance by IL-13 and the IL-4R-STAT6 pathway
77. NK cells and NKT cells in innate defense against viral infections
78. Control of CD8+ T cell activation by CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory cells
79. HIV antigens can induce TGF-beta(1)-producing immunoregulatory CD8+ T cells
80. NKT cells - Conductors of tumor immunity?