Medicinal chemistry of neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel blockers

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 115-137

  Anger, T ^a   Madge, D J ^a   Mulla, M ^a   Riddall, D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 AMINO 4,5 (1,2 CYCLOHEXYL) 7 PHOSPHONOHEPTANOIC ACID; 3,3 BIS(3 FLUOROPHENYL) N METHYLPROPYLAMINE; 6 (1 IMIDAZOLYL) 7 NITRO 2,3 QUINOXALINEDIONE; 6,7 DICHLORO 5 NITRO 2,3 QUINOXALINEDIONE; AMELTOLIDE; ANESTHETIC AGENT; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; APTIGANEL; BAYX 3702; BIII 890 CL; BTS 72 664; CARBAMAZEPINE; CITICOLINE; CPC 211; CPI 1233; FLUNARIZINE; GW 150526A; IDEBENONE; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1 ANTIBODY; LANICEMINE; LIDOCAINE; LIFARIZINE; LOMERIZINE; LUBELUZOLE; MEXILETINE; MS 153; NEUROTOXIN; NORPHENAZONE; OXCARBAZEPINE; PHENYTOIN; PROCAINE; PROUROKINASE; RALITOLINE; RAXOFELAST; REMACEMIDE; RG 2716; SB 21742; SIPATRIGINE; SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; TOPIRAMATE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; ZONISAMIDE;

ACTION POTENTIAL; ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY; BINDING AFFINITY; CHANNEL GATING; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG BINDING; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG STRUCTURE; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; EPILEPSY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE LOCATION; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; LETHAL DOSE; NERVE CELL; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; STROKE; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION;

AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; ANALGESICS; ANTICONVULSANTS; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; EPILEPSY; HUMANS; ION CHANNEL GATING; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MUTATION; NERVE TISSUE PROTEINS; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; PROTEIN BINDING; SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; SODIUM CHANNELS;

EID: 0035905867     PISSN: 00222623     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jm000155h     Document Type: Review

References (202)

1. Quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve
2. Primary structure of electrophorus-electricus sodium channel deduced from complimentary DNA sequence
3. Sodium channels: Recent developments and therapeutic potential
4. + channels as targets for anticonvulsant, analgesic and neuroprotective drugs
5. Sodium channels and therapy of central nervous system diseases
6. + channel α subunit with novel gating properties
7. Isolation of human-brain sodium-channel gene encoding two isoforms of the subtype III α-subunit
8. Molecular diversity of voltage-sensitive Na channels
9. Existence of distinct sodium channel messenger RNAs in rat brain
10. Biosynthesis and processing of the α subunit of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel in rat brain neurons
11. Primary structure of rat brain sodium channel III deduced from the cDNA sequence
12. Primary structure and functional expression of a mammalian skeletal muscle sodium channel
13. SKM2 a Na channel cDNA clone from denervated skeletal muscle encodes a retrodotoxin-insensitive Na channel
14. + channel isoform
15. The glial voltage-gated sodium channel: Cell-specific and tissue-specific messenger RNA expression
16. A novel, abundant sodium channel expressed in neurons and glia
17. Cloning of a sodium channel α subunit from rabbit Schwann cells
18. A Tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel expressed by sensory neurons
19. Coding sequence, genomic organization and conserved chromosomal localization of the mouse gene SCN11A encoding the sodium channel NaN
20. Identification of a novel human voltage-gated sodium channel α subunit gene
21. Differential regulation of 3 sodium-channel messenger-RNAs in the rat central nervous-system during development
22. Type-III sodium-channel messenger-RNA is expressed in embryonic but not adult spinal sensory neurons, and is reexpressed following axotomy
23. Structure and function of voltage-gated sodium channels
24. + channel required for modulation by protein kinase C
25. Palmitylation, sulfation, and glycosylation of the α subunit of the sodium channel. Role of posttranslational modifications in channel assembly
26. The molecular basis of neuronal excitability
27. Sodium-channels accumulate at the tips of injured axons
28. + channel α subunits in a somatic cell line
29. 1 sodium channel subunit modifies the interactions of neurotoxins and local anesthetics with the rat brain IIA α sodium channel in isolated membranes but not in intact cells
30. β3: An additional auxiliary subunit of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel that modulates channel gating with distinct kinetics
31. + conduction and selectivity
32. + channel pore
33. From ionic currents to molecular mechanisms: The structure function of voltage-gated sodium channels
34. Characterization of the block of sodium channels by phenytoin in mouse neuroblastoma cells
35. Slow binding of phenytoin to inactivated sodium channels in rat hippocampal neurons
36. + channels must deactivate to recover from inactivation
37. Modification of slow inactivation of single sodium channels by phenytoin in neuroblastoma cells
38. Molecular basis of charge movement in voltage-gated sodium channels
39. Identification of amino acid residues involved in dendrotoxin block of rat voltage-dependent potassium channels
40. A mutation in segment IVS6 disrupts fast inactivation of sodium channels
41. Destruction of sodium conductance inactivation in squid axons perfused with pronase
42. Restoration of inactivation and block of open sodium-channels by an inactivation gate peptide
43. A critical role for the S4-S5 intracellular loop in domain IV of the sodium channel α-subunit in fast inactivation
44. + channel fast inactivation
45. Point mutations in IIS4 alter activation and inactivation of rat brain IIA Na channels in Xenopus oocyte macropatches
46. Role of domain 4 in sodium channel slow inactivation
47. Slow inactivation differs among mutant Na channels associated with myotonia and periodoc paralysis
48. The insect voltage-gated sodium channel as target of insecticides
49. Interaction of batrachotoxin with the local anesthetic receptor site in transmembrane segment IVS6 of the voltage-gated sodium channel
50. A single point mutation confers tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin insensitivity on the sodium channel II
51. Mapping the site of block by tetrodotoxin saxitoxin of sodium channel-II
52. Voltage sensor-trapping: Enhanced activation of sodium channels by β-scorpion toxin bound to the S3-S4 loop in domain II
53. Interaction of batrachotoxin with the local anesthetic receptor site in transmembrane segment IV S6 of the voltage-gated sodium channel
54. + channels modulate binding affinity and stereoselectivity of local anesthetic enantiomers
55. μ-conotoxin PIIIA, a new peptide for discriminating among tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na channel sub-types
56. Distinction among neuronal subtypes of voltage-activated sodium channels by μ-conotoxin PIIIA
57. A scorpion α-like toxin that is active on insects and mammals reveals an unexpected specificity and distribution of sodium channel subtypes in rat brain neurons
58. + channel β1 subunit gene SCN1B
59. +) on chromosome 2q24-q33
60. Evolution and diversity of mammalian sodium channel genes
61. +
62. Movement of voltage sensor S4 in domain 4 is tightly coupled to sodium channel fast inactivation and gating charge immobilisation
63. Pharmacological studies on tarichatoxin, a potent neurotoxin
64. Actions of saxitoxin on peripheral neuromuscular systems
65. Conus geographus toxins that discriminate between neuronal and muscle sodium channels
66. + ionophore
67. The effect of veratridine on excitable membranes of nerve and muscle
68. Effect of aconitine on the sodium permeability of the node of Ranvier
69. Mechanism of nerve depolarization caused by grayanotoxin I
70. 3H]batrachotoxinin A-20-α-benzoate binding by an N-alkylamide neurotoxin
71. Two types of scorpion neurotoxins characterized by their binding to two separate receptor sites on rat brain synaptosomes
72. Isolation and characterisation of three polypeptides with neurotoxic activity from Anemonia sulcata
73. δ-atracotoxins from Australian funnel-web spiders compete with scorpion α-toxin binding on both rat brain and insect sodium channels
74. Actions of scorpion venom on skeletal muscle
75. Neuromuscular blocking action of two brevetoxins from the florida red tide organism Ptychodiscus brevis
76. + channel toxin
77. A new receptor site on sodium channels is identified by a conotoxin that affects sodium channel inactivation on molluscs and acts as an antagonist in rat brain
78. The neurotoxicology of DDT and possible mechanism of action
79. Interaction of insecticides on the pyrethroid family with specific binding sites on the voltage-dependent sodium channel from mammalian brain
80. Mechanism of action of a polypeptide neurotoxin from the coral Goniopora on sodium-channels in mouse neuroblastoma cells
81. Actions of a polypeptide toxin from the marine snail conus striatus on voltage-sensitive sodium-channels
82. Mechanisms of use-dependent block of sodium channels in excitable membranes by local anesthetics
83. + channels
84. Slow voltage-dependent block of sodium channels in crayfish nerve by dihydropyrazole insecticides
85. Block of the rat-brain IIA sodium-channel α-subunit by the neuroprotective drug Riluzole
86. + channels in rat hippocampal neurones
87. Neuroprotective profile of Lifarizine (RS-87476) in rat cerebrocortical neurons in culture
88. 3H]-Liferazine a high-affinity probe for inactivated sodium-channels
89. + channels
90. 3H]-Batrachotoxinin A 20-α-benzoate binding to sodium-channels in rat-brain - Characterization and pharmacological significance
91. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of phenylacetamides as sodium-channel blockers
92. Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic sodium
93. + ionophore
94. Small changes of cytosolic sodium in rat ventricular myocytes measured with SBFI in emission ratio mode
95. +-sensitive dye
96. + channels in rat hippocampal-neurons
97. A tissue-culture assay for tetrodotoxin saxitoxin related toxins
98. Paralytic shellfish poison (Saxitoxin family) bioassays - Automated end-point determination and standardization of the invitro tissue-culture bioassay, and comparison with the standard mouse bioassay
99. Tetrazolium-based cell bioassay for neurotoxins active on voltage-sensitive sodium-channels - Semiautomated assay for saxitoxins, brevetoxins and ciguatoxins
100. The new generation of antiepileptic drugs: Advantages and disadvantages
101. Carbamazepine. Chemistry and biotransformation
102. Selective suppression of in vitro electrographic seizures by low-dose tetrodotoxin: A novel anticonvulsant effect
103. Antiepileptic drug development II. Anticonvulsant drug screening
104. Comparative molecular field analysis of hydantoin binding to the neuronal voltage-dependent sodium channel
105. Synthesis and characterisation of N-(Acenaphth-5-yl)-N′-(4-methoxynaphthy-1-yl)guanidine as a glutamate release inhibitor and potential anti-ischemic agent
106. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of N,N′-diarylguanidines as potent sodium channel blockers and anticonvulsant agents
107. + channels
108. 3,3-dialkyl- and 3-alkyl-3-benzyl-substituted 2-pyrrolidinones: A new class of anticonvulsant agents
109. Inhibition of voltage-dependent sodium channels by the anticonvulsant γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor modulator, 3-benzyl-3-ethyl-2-piperidinone
110. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of enaminones
111. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of enaminones. 3. Investigations on 4′-, 3′, and -2′-substituted and polysubstituted anilino compounds, sodium channel binding studies and toxicity evaluations
112. (Aryloxy)aryl semicarbazones and related compounds. A novel class of anticonvulsant agents possessing high activity in the maximal electroshock screen
113. Synthesis anticonvulsant activity of a new class of 2-[(arylalkyl)amino]alkanamide derivatives
114. Biochemical and electrophysiological studies on the mechanism of action of PNU-151774E, a novel antiepileptic compound
115. The novel anticonvulsant AWD 140-190 acts as a highly use-dependent sodium channel blocker in neuronal cell preparations
116. Unverferth, K. 3-amino- and 5-aminopyrazoles with anticonvulsant activity
117. Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Fourth Eilat conference (EILAT IV)
118. Anticonvulsant activity and interactions with neuronal voltage-dependent sodium channel of analogues of ameltolide
119. Synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and structure-activity relationships of sodium channel blocking 3-aminopyrroles
120. BIIR 561 CL: A novel combined antagonist of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolpropionic acid receptors and voltage-dependent sodium channels with anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties
121. 1-(Fluorobenzyl)-4-amino-1H-1,2,3-triazolo-[4,5-c]pyridines: Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity
122. Substituted phenylpyrimidine derivatives, useful in the treatment or prevention of CNS disorders. Patent EP713703, 1996
123. + influx into rat neocortical slices
124. Bicyclic hydantoins with a bridgehead nitrogen. Comparison of anticonvulsant activities with binding to the neuronal voltage-dependent sodium channel
125. Preclinical evaluation of PNU-151744E as a novel anticonvulsant
126. Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of new α-amino amide anticonvulsants incorporating a dextromethorphan moiety
127. Anticonvulsant and sodium channel blocking effects of ralitoline in different screening models
128. Comparative study of voltage-sensitive sodium channel blockers in focal ischaemia and electric convulsions in rodents
129. Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds
130. Comparison of pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl benzamides for their anticonvulsant activity and inhibitory action on sodium channel
131. Introducing NMDA antagonists into clinical practice - Why head-injury trials
132. Characterization of cortical depolarizations evoked in focal cerebral ischemia
133. Triggering and execution of neuronal death in brain ischemia: Two phases of glutamate release by different mechanisms
134. A pharmacological review of competitive inhibitors and substrates of high-affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate transport in the central nervous system
135. Novel targets for therapeutic intervention against ischemic brain injury
136. 2+ exchanger
137. AMPA, but not NMDA, receptor antagonism is neuroprotective in Gerbil Global-Ischemia, even when delayed 24h
138. A dose-response study of neuroprotection using the AMPA antagonist NBQX in rat focal cerebrial ischemia
139. 2+ channel dual blockers with highly potent anti-ischemic effects
140. Blockade of voltage-sensitive sodium channels by NS-7, a novel neuroprotective compound, in the rat brain
141. Inhibition of ischemia-induced Fodrin breakdown by a novel phenylpyrimidine derivative NS-7: An implication for its neuroprotective action in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion
142. Neuroprotective action of a novel compound - M50463 - In primary cultured neurons
143. Reduction of glutamate release and protection against ischemic brain damage by BW1003C87
144. A comparative assessment of the efficacy and side-effect liability of neuroprotective compounds in experimental stroke
145. + channel inhibitors in vitro and in global cerebral ischaemia in vivo
146. Cerebroprotective effect of lamotrigine after focal ischemia in rats
147. Treatment of experimental focal ischemia in rats with lubeluzole
148. Synthesis, anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activities of RP 66055, a riluzole derivative
149. Protective effect of Zonisamide, an antiepileptic drug, against transient focal cerebral ischemia with middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion in rats
150. 4-aminopyridine derivatives: A family of novel modulators of voltage-dependent sodium channels
151. BW619C89, a glutamate release inhibitor, protects against focal cerebral ischemic damage
152. 3H] batrachotoxinin A20-α-benzoate to sodium channels by the anticonvulsant drugs diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine
153. + channels, expressed in a mammalian cell line, by local anesthetic, antiarrhythmic, and anticonvulsant drugs
154. + channel modulator glutamate release transport inhibitor
155. Ralitoline (CI-946) and CI-953 block sustained repetitive sodium action potentials in cultured mouse spinal cord neurons and displace batrachotoxinin A 20-α-benzoate binding in vitro
156. 2+ channels
157. Pharmacological studies on lamotrigine, a novel potential antiepileptic drug: II. Neurochemical studies on the mechanism of action
158. An in vitro investigation of the action of lamotrigine on neuronal voltage-activated sodium channels
159. Evidence for a common site of action of lidocaine and carbamazepine in voltage-dependent sodium channels
160. Effects of the neuroprotective agent, KB-2796, on the voltage-dependent sodium current in mouse neuroblastoma, N1E-115
161. 3H] batrachotoxinin binding to rat cardiac sodium channels
162. Substituted 2-benzothiazoles as sodium flux inhibitors: Quantitative structure-activity relationships anticonvulsant activity
163. Neuroprotective effects of 619C89, a use-dependent sodium-channel-blocker in rat traumatic brain injury
164. Time course of cerebral edema after traumatic brain injury in rats: Effects of riluzole and mannitol
165. The neuroprotective agent riluzole inhibits release of glutamate aspartate from slices of hippocampal area CA1
166. Fast K channels are more sensitive to riluzole than slow K channels in myelinated nerve fibre
167. Antagonism by riluzole of entry of calcium evoked by NMDA and veratridine in rat cultured granule cells: Evidence for a dual mechanism of action
168. 3H] aspartate release from cultured cerebellar granule cells
169. Benefit of Vitamin E, Riluzole and Gabapentin in a transgenic model of familial ALS
170. A controlled trial of Riluzole in amyotrphic-lateral-sclerosis
171. Clinical trials of riluzole in patients with ALS
172. + channels in rat sensory neurons by 4030W92, a new antihyperalgesic agent
173. The effect of the novel sodium channel blocker 4030W92 in models of acute and chronic inflammatory pain in the rat
174. The effect of 4030W92, a novel sodium channel blocker, on the treatment of neuropathic pain in the rat
175. Local anesthetics as adjuvent analgesics
176. Systemic lidocaine therapy for poststroke pain
177. Topical lidocaine gel relieves postherpetic neuralgia
178. Prolonged relief of neuralgia after regional anesthetic blocks. A call for further experimental and systematic clinical studies
179. Pain response to perineuromal injection of normal saline, epinephrine, and lidocaine in humans
180. Contributions of injured and intact afferents to neuropathic pain in an experimental rat model
181. Antinociceptive effect of bupivacaine encapsulated in poly(D,L)-lactide-Co-glycolide microspheres in the acute inflammatory pain model of carrageenin-injected rats
182. QX-314 inhibits ectopic nerve activity associated with neuropathic pain
183. Effects of logP and phenyl ring conformation on the binding of 5-phenylhydantoins to the voltage-dependent sodium channel
184. Blockade of cardiac sodium channels by Amitryptyline and Diphenylhydantoin. Evidence for two use-dependent binding sites
185. Comparative molecular field analysis of hydantoin binding to the neuronal voltage-dependent sodium channel
186. + current by diphenhydramine and other diphenyl compounds: Molecular determinants of selective binding to the inactivated sodium channels
187. Terfenadine block of sodium current in canine atrial myocytes
188. Molecular determinants of mexiletine structure for potent and use-dependent block of skeletal muscle sodium channels