Immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

Volumn 21, Issue 12, 2001, Pages 1876-1890

  Hansson, Göran K ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Cell biology; Cytokines; Pathophysiology

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; OXIDIZED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; TAMOXIFEN;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; INFLAMMATION; MACROPHAGE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 0035571606     PISSN: 10795642     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/hq1201.100220     Document Type: Short Survey

References (230)

1. Changes in the endothelium of the aorta and the behaviour of macrophages in experimental atheroma of rabbits
2. Arterial foam cells with distinctive immunomorphologic and histochemical features of macrophages
3. Characterization of lipid-laden aortic cells from cholesterol-fed rabbits, IV: Investigation of macrophage-like properties of aortic cell populations
4. The role of the monocyte in atherogenesis, I: Transition of blood-borne monocytes into foam cells in fatty lesions
5. The role of the monocyte in atherogenesis, II: Migration of foam cells from atherosclerotic lesions
6. Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate, I: Changes that lead to fatty streak formation
7. Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate, II: Fatty streak conversion to fibrous plaque
8. A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis
9. Malondialdehyde alteration of low density lipoproteins leads to cholesteryl ester accumulation in human monocyte-macrophages
10. Beyond cholesterol: Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity
11. Expression of class II transplantation antigen on vascular smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerosis
12. Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque
13. Detection of activated T lymphocytes in the human atherosclerotic plaque
14. Atherosclerotic lesions in humans: In situ immunophenotypic analysis suggesting an immune mediated response
15. T lymphocytes in human atherosclerotic plaques are memory cells expressing CD45RO and the integrin VLA-1
16. Localization of T lymphocytes and macrophages expressing IL-1, IL-2 receptor, IL-6 and TNF in human aortic intima: Role of cell-mediated immunity in human atherogenesis
17. Lymphocytes recognize human vascular endothelial and dermal fibroblast Ia antigens induced by recombinant immune interferon
18. Interleukin-1 induces interleukin-1, II: Recombinant human interleukin-1 induces interleukin-1 production by adult human vascular endothelial cells
19. S-100 positive cells in human arterial intima and in atherosclerotic lesions
20. Accumulation of activated mast cells in the shoulder region of human coronary atheroma, the predilection site of atheromatous rupture
21. Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules: NF-κB and cytokine-inducible enhancers
22. Lysophosphatidylcholine, a component of atherogenic lipoproteins, induces mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecules in cultured human and rabbit arterial endothelial cells
23. Structural identification by mass spectrometry of oxidized phospholipids in minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein that induce monocyte/endothelial interactions and evidence for their presence in vivo
24. Biologically modified LDL increases the adhesive properties of endothelial cells
25. Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherosclerosis
26. An atherogenic diet rapidly induces VCAM-1, a cytokine-regulatable mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule, in rabbit aortic endothelium
27. Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and monocyte adherence in arteries exposed to altered shear stress
28. Upregulatlon of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis-prone sites on the endothelium in the apoE-deficient mouse
29. Laminar shear stress: Mechanisms by which endothelial cells transduce an atheroprotective force
30. Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: The multistep paradigm
31. VLA proteins in the integrin family: Structures, functions, and their role on leukocytes
32. Direct demonstration of P-selectin- and VCAM-1-dependent mononuclear cell rolling in early atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
33. Inhibition of mononuclear cell recruitment in aortic intima by treatment with anti-ICAM-1 and anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies in hypercholesterolemic rats: Implications of the ICAM-1 and LFA-1 pathway in atherogenesis
34. The combined role of P- and E-selectins in atherosclerosis
35. Prominent role of P-selectin in the development of advanced atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice
36. Prelesional complement activation in experimental atherosclerosis: Terminal C5b-9 complement deposition coincides with cholesterol accumulation in the aortic intima of hypercholesterolemic rabbits
37. Isolation and characterization of a complement-activating lipid extracted from human atherosclerotic lesions
38. Expression of monocyte chemotactic protein and interleukin-8 by cytokine-activated human vascular smooth muscle cells
39. Complement-induced release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 from human smooth muscle cells: A possible initiating event in atherosclerotic lesion formation
40. Chemokine receptors and T cell chemotaxis
41. Chemokines and atherosclerosis
42. Monocyte arrest and transmigration on inflamed endothelium in shear flow is inhibited by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of IκB-α
43. Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in macrophage-rich areas of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions
44. Absence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduces atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice
45. Decreased lesion formation in CCR2-/- mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis
46. MCP-1 deficiency reduces susceptibility to atherosclerosis in mice that overexpress human apolipoprotein B
47. Decreased atherosclerosis in mice deficient in both macrophage colony-stimulating factor (op) and apolipoprotein E
48. Interferon-γ inhibits scavenger receptor expression and foam cell formation in human monocyte-derived macrophages
49. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inhibition of scavenger receptor expression in human monocyte-macrophages is mediated through tumor necrosis factor-α
50. Transcriptional inhibition by interleukin-6 of the class A macrophage scavenger receptor in macrophages derived from human peripheral monocytes and the THP-1 monocytic cell line
51. CD36 and atherosclerosis
52. Genomic organization and regulation of expression of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1) gene
53. A role for macrophage scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis and susceptibility to infection
54. Disruption of T cell tolerance by directing a self antigen to macrophage-specific scavenger receptors
55. The macrophage scavenger receptor type A directs modified proteins to antigen presentation
56. Oxidized low density lipoprotein induces differentiation and adhesion of human monocytes and the monocytic cell line U937
57. Human monocytes/macrophages release TNF-α in response to ox-LDL
58. Oxidized LDL-induced leukocyte/endothelium interaction in vivo involves the receptor for platelet-activating factor
59. Effect of platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase on the formation and action of minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein
60. Platelet-activating factor and oxidized LDL induce immune activation by a common mechanism
61. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induces proinflammatory cytokines by a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor-dependent mechanism
62. Toll, a new piece in the puzzle of innate immunity
63. Sterol-dependent transactivation of the ABC1 promoter by the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor
64. Cytokine expression in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques: Dominance of pro-inflammatory (Th1) and macrophage-stimulating cytokines
65. Cross-regulatory roles of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 in atherosclerosis
66. Eta-1 (osteopontin): An early component of type-1 (cell-mediated) immunity
67. Osteopontin is elevated during neointima formation in rat arteries and is a novel component of human atherosclerotic plaques
68. Osteopontin is synthesized by macrophage, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells in primary and restenotic human coronary atherosclerotic plaques
69. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation by γ-interferon
70. Interferon-γ inhibits both proliferation and expression of differentiation-specific α-smooth muscle actin in arterial smooth muscle cells
71. 2 in human arterial smooth muscle cells: Involvement of cell differentiation, STAT-3 activation, and modulation by other cytokines
72. Interferon-γ inhibits arterial stenosis after injury
73. Cytokines and growth factors positively and negatively regulate interstitial collagen gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells
74. The role of the lymphocyte
75. Molecular bases of the acute coronary syndromes
76. Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology
77. IFN-γ potentiates atherosclerosis in apoE knock-out mice
78. Interferon-γ elicits arteriosclerosis in the absence of leukocytes
79. Exogenous intefferon-γ enhances atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-/- mice
80. Detection and localization of tumor necrosis factor in human atheroma
81. Synthesis of IL-1α and IL-1β by arterial cells in atherosclerosis
82. Interleukin-1: A mitogen for human vascular smooth muscle cells that induces the release of growth-inhibitory prostanoids
83. Expression of platelet-derived growth factor-β receptors on human fibroblasts: Regulation by recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α
84. TNF-α and IL-1β selectively induce expression of 92-kDa gelatinase by human macrophages
85. Purification of cachectin, a lipoprotein lipase-suppressing hormone secreted by endotoxin-induced RAW 264.7 cells
86. Recombinant interleukin 1 suppresses lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 cells
87. Metabolic responses to cachectin/TNF: A brief review
88. Relation between plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and insulin sensitivity in elderly men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
89. Evidence for a role of tumor necrosis factor-α in disturbances of triglyceride and glucose metabolism predisposing to coronary heart disease
90. Early activation signals in endothelial cells: Stimulation by cytokines
91. Structure and function of the pentraxins
92. Proliferating or interleukin 1-activated human vascular smooth muscle cells secrete copious interleukin 6
93. Interleukin 6 gene transcripts are expressed in atherosclerotic lesions of genetically hyperlipidemic rabbits
94. The terminal complement complex C5b-9 stimulates interleukin-6 production in human smooth muscle cells through activation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1
95. Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells
96. The long pentraxin PTX3 binds to apoptotic cells and regulates their clearance by antigen-presenting dendritic cells
97. The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in severe unstable angina
98. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 in unstable angina
99. PTX3, a prototypical long pentraxin, is an early indicator of acute myocardial infarction in humans
100. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men
101. Mechanism of suppression of nitric oxide synthase expression by interleukin-4 in primary mouse macrophages
102. 2 production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes
103. 2
104. Hypercholesterolemia is associated with a Th1/Th2 switch of the autoimmune response in atherosclerotic apo E-knockout mice
105. Expression of interleukin-10 in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques: Relation to inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and cell death
106. Protective role of interteukin-10 in atherosclerosis
107. Interleukin-10 blocks atherosclerotic events in vitro and in vivo
108. Mechanisms of nasal tolerance induction in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: Identification of regulatory cells
109. Transforming growth factor β1 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death
110. Genomic instability in the type II TGF-β1 receptor gene in atherosclerotic and restenotic vascular cells
111. T lymphocytes that infiltrate tumors and atherosclerotic plaques produce heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor: A potential pathologic role
112. Linking immune-mediated arterial inflammation and cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in a transgenic mouse model
113. Fas is expressed in human atherosclerotic intima and promotes apoptosis of cytokine-primed human vascular smooth muscle cells
114. Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by in vitro stimulation with interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β
115. Coexpression of beat-shock protein 60 and intercellular-adhesion molecule-1 is related to increased adhesion of monocytes and T cells to aortic endothelium of rats in response to endotoxin
116. Immunology of atherosclerosis: Demonstration of heat shock protein 60 expression and T lymphocytes bearing α/β or γ/δ receptor in human atherosclerotic lesions
117. CD1 expression in human atherosclerosis: A potential mechanism for T cell activation by foam cells
118. The localization of immunoglobulin in chronic periaortitis
119. Serum antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein and ceroid in chronic periaortitis
120. Accumulation of plasma cells in atherosclerotic lesions of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits
121. Detection of B cells and proinflammatory cytokines in atherosclerotic plaques of hypercholesterolemic apoE knockout mice
122. Accumulation of IgG and complement factor C3 in human arterial endothelium and atherosclerotic lesions
123. Infiltrates of activated mast cells at the site of coronary atheromatous erosion or rupture in myocardial infarction
124. Mast cells in rupture-prone areas of human coronary atheromas produce and store TNF-α
125. Mast cell infiltration in acute coronary syndromes: Implications for plaque rapture
126. Activation of human interstitial procollagenase through direct cleavage of the Leu83-Thr84 bond by mast cell chymase
127. Soluble heparin proteoglycans released from stimulated mast cells induce uptake of low density lipoproteins by macrophages via scavenger receptor-mediated phagocytosis
128. Ultrastructural recognition of cells with dendritic cell morphology in human aortic intima: Contacting interactions of vascular dendritic cells in athero-resistant and athero-prone areas of the normal aorta
129. The structure of the T cell antigen receptor
130. Oligoclonal T cell expansions in atherosclerotic lesions of apoE-deficient mice
131. Polyclonal origin of T lymphocytes in human atherosclerotic plaques
132. Low density lipoprotein undergoes oxidative modification in vivo
133. Autoantibody against oxidised LDL and progression of carotid atherosclerosis
134. Rabbit and human atherosclerotic lesions contain IgG that recognizes epitopes of oxidized LDL
135. T lymphocytes from human atherosclerotic plaques recognize oxidized LDL
136. Effects of sex and age on atherosclerosis and autoimmunity in apoE-deficient mice
137. Induction of neonatal tolerance to oxidized lipoprotein reduces atherosclerosis in apoE knockout mice
138. ApoE-deficient mice are a model of lipoprotein oxidation in atherogenesis: Demonstration of oxidation-specific epitopes in lesions and high titers of autoantibodies to malondialdehyde-lysine in serum
139. Cloning of monoclonal autoantibodies to epitopes of oxidized lipoproteins from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice: Demonstration of epitopes of oxidized low density lipoprotein in human plasma
140. Induction of T-cell activation by oxidized low density lipoprotein
141. Immunization of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient rabbits with homologous malondialdehyde-modified LDL reduces atherogenesis
142. Effect of immunization with homologous LDL and oxidized LDL on early atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits
143. Protection against atherosclerosis by LDL immunization is associated with T cell-dependent IgG antibodies in apoE-delicient mice
144. Is atherosclerosis an immunologically mediated disease?
145. Role of hsp60 during autoimmune and bacterial inflammation
146. Induction of heat shock protein in monocytic cells by oxidized low density lipoprotein
147. Induction of arteriosclerosis in normocholesterolemic rabbits by immunization with heat shock protein 65
148. Enhanced fatty streak formation in C57BL/6J mice by immunization with heat shock protein-65
149. Association of serum antibodies to heat-shock protein 65 with borderline hypertension
150. Circulating heat shock protein 60 is associated with early cardiovascular disease
151. Association of serum antibodies to heat-shock protein 65 with carotid atherosclerosis
152. Endothelial cytotoxicity mediated by serum antibodies to heat shock proteins of Escherichia coli and Chlamydia pneumoniae: Immune reactions to heat shock proteins as a possible link between infection and atherosclerosis
153. Antibodies to endothelial cells in borderline hypertension
154. Atherosclerosis and the antiphospholipid syndrome: A link unravelled?
155. Induction of early atherosclerosis in LDL-receptor-deficient mice immunized with β2-glycoprotein I
156. Adoptive transfer of β(2)-glycoprotein I-reactive lymphocytes enhances early atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice
157. The antiphospholipid syndrome: Ten years on
158. Antiphospholipid antibodies and atherosclerosis
159. Autoantibodies to phospholipid-binding plasma proteins: A new view of lupus anticoagulants and other 'antiphospholipid' autoantibodies
160. Antiphospholipid antibodies are directed against epitopes of oxidized phospholipids: Recognition of cardiolipin by monoclonal antibodies to epitopes of oxidized low density lipoprotein
161. Natural antibodies with the T15 idiotype may act in atherosclerosis, apoptotic clearance, and protective immunity
162. Serological evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction
163. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in aortic lesions of atherosclerosis by immunocytochemical stain
164. Increased incidence of Chlamydia species within the coronary arteries of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic versus other forms of cardiovascular disease
165. Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: An update
166. Failure to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary atheromas of patients undergoing atherectomy
167. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
168. The atherogenic effects of Chlamydia are dependent on serum cholesterol and specific to Chlamydia pneumoniae
169. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection does not induce or modify atherosclerosis in mice
170. Chlamydia pneumoniae does not increase atherosclerosis in the aortic root of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
171. High prevalence of latently present cytomegalovirus in arterial walls of patients suffering from grade III atherosclerosis
172. Herpesviruses in atherosclerosis and thrombosis: Etiologic agents or ubiquitous bystanders?
173. The contribution of inducible nitric oxide and cytomegalovirus to the stability of carotid plaque
174. Association of coronary artery disease in cardiac transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infection
175. Possible role of cytomegalovirus in atherogenesis
176. Cohort study of cytomegalovirus infection as a risk factor for carotid intimal-medial thickening, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis
177. Association between prior cytomegalovirus infection and the risk of restenosis after coronary atherectomy
178. Infection and atherosclerosis: Emerging mechanistic paradigms
179. The human cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor US28 mediates vascular smooth muscle cell migration
180. Are immunological mechanisms relevant for the development of atherosclerosis?
181. Antisera and monoclonal antibodies specific for epitopes generated during oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein
182. Patients with early-onset peripheral vascular disease have increased levels of autoantibodies against oxidized LDL
183. Antibody liters against oxidized LDL are not elevated in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia
184. Autoantibodies to OxLDL are decreased in individuals with borderline hypertension
185. Antibodies to oxidized LDL in relation to carotid atherosclerosis, cell adhesion molecules, and phospholipase A(2)
186. Ischaemic heart disease in primary immunodeficiency
187. Coronary artery lesions and human immunodeficiency virus infection
188. Cardiac dysfunction occurs in the HIV-1 transgenic mouse treated with zidovudine
189. Atherosclerosis in AIDS: Potential pathogenetic roles of antiretroviral therapy and HIV
190. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis
191. Cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus, a study of 75 patients form a defined population
192. Causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus: Long-term follow-up of an inception cohort
193. Antibodies against lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized LDL in patients with SLE
194. T and B lymphocytes play a minor role in atherosclerotic plaque formation in the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse
195. The effects of total lymphocyte deficiency on the extent of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-/- mice
196. Loss of atheroprotective effect of estradiol in immunodeficient mice
197. Transfer of CD4+ T cells aggravates atherosclerosis in immunodeficient apoE knockout mice
198. Prevention of chronic rejection in mouse aortic allografts by combined treatment with CTLA-4Ig and anti-CD40 ligand monoclonal antibody
199. CD40 on human endothelial cells: Inducibility by cytokines and functional regulation of adhesion molecule expression
200. Functional CD40 ligand is expressed on human vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages: Implications for CD40-CD40 ligand signaling in atherosclerosis
201. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells by T lymphocytes: A role for CD40 signaling in plaque rupture?
202. Activation of monocyte/macrophage functions related to acute atheroma complication by ligation of CD40: Induction of collagenase, stromelysin, and tissue factor
203. Expression of stromelysin-3 in atherosclerotic lesions: Regulation via CD40-CD40 ligand signaling in vitro and in vivo
204. Reduction of atherosclerosis in mice by inhibition of CD40 signalling
205. Requirement for CD154 in the progression of atherosclerosis
206. Immunization of LDL receptor-deficient mice with homologous malondialdehyde-modified and native LDL reduces progression of atherosclerosis by mechanisms other than induction of high titers of antibodies to oxidative neoepitopes
207. Hyperimmunization of apo-E-deficient mice with homologous malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein suppresses early atherogenesis
208. Malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoprotein in patients with atherosclerotic disease
209. Immunoglobulin treatment reduces atherosclerosis in apo E knockout mice
210. Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulator
211. Effect of pravastatin on outcomes after cardiac transplantation
212. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activators inhibit IFN-γ-induced expression of the T cell-active CXC chemokines IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC in human endothelial cells
213. Mononuclear leukocytes invade rabbit arterial intima during thickening formation via CD 18- and VLA-4-dependent mechanisms and stimulate smooth muscle migration
214. Identification of an inducible endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule
215. Induction by IL-1, interferon-γ, tissue distribution, biochemistry, and function of a natural adherence molecule (ICAM-1)
216. Regulation of monocyte CD36 and thrombospondin-1 expression by soluble mediators
217. Interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor synergize to induce nitric oxide production and inhibit mitochondrial respiration in vascular smooth muscle cells
218. Transcriptional regulation of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) gene by cytokines: Initial analysis of the human NOS2 promoter
219. COX-1 and COX-2 tissue expression: Implications and predictions
220. Specific inflammatory cytokines regulate the expression of human monocyte 15-lipoxygenase
221. Induction of 15-lipoxygenase by interleukin-13 in human blood monocytes
222. Macrophages and the immune response
223. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 synthesis by plasminogen in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells
224. Matrix metalloproteinases in immunity
225. Tumor necrosis factor induction of endothelial cell urokinase-type plasminogen activator mediated proteolysis of extracellular matrix and its antagonism by γ-interferon
226. IFN-γ inhibits thrombin- and endotoxin-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in human endothelial cells
227. Interferon-γ modulates the fibrinolytic response in cultured human endothelial ceils
228. Interleukin-4-dependent production of PPAR-γ ligands in macrophages by 12/15-lipoxygenase
229. Interferon-γ induces downregulation of Tangier disease gene (ATP-binding-cassette transporter 1) in macrophage-derived foam cells
230. Accelerated atherosclerosis in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor p55