Reciprocal autoreceptor and heteroreceptor control of serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission in the frontal cortex: Relevance to the actions of antidepressant agents

Journal of Psychopharmacology

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 114-138

  Millan, Mark J ^a   Lejeune, Françoise ^a   Gobert, Alain ^a  

^a INSTITUT DE RECHERCHES SERVIER   (France)

Author keywords

Antidepressant; Depression; Dopamine; Frontal cortex; Monoamines; Mood; Noradrenaline; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; Serotonin; Tricyclic

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; AUTORECEPTOR; DOPAMINE; MONOAMINE; NORADRENALIN; SEROTONIN;

COGNITION; CONFERENCE PAPER; DEPRESSION; DIALYSIS; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; FRONTAL CORTEX; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEM;

EID: 0034044051     PISSN: 02698811     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/026988110001400202     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (264)

1. Adell A, Artigas F (1999) Regulation of the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the median raphe nucleus of the rat by catecholaminergic afferents. Eur J Neurosci 11: 2305-2311
2. Aghajanian G K, Sprouse J S, Rasmussen K (1988) Electrophysiology of central serotonin receptor subtypes. In Sanders-Bush E (ed.), The serotonin receptors. Humana Press, Clifton, pp. 226-252
3. Agid O, Lerer B (1999) Risperidone augmentation of paroxetine in a case of severe treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder without comorbid psychopathology. J Clin Psychiatry 60:55-56
4. 2 antagonist, in the treatment of sexual dysfunction induced by serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Clin Neuropharmacol 20: 210-214
5. Andersson J L, Marcus M, Nomikos G G, Svensson T H (1994) Prazosin modulates the changes in firing pattern and transmitter release induced by raclopride in the mesolimbic, but not in the nigrostriatal, dopaminergic system. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 349: 236-243
6. Apter J T, Allen L A (1999) Buspirone: future directions. J Clin Psychopharmacol 19: 86-93
7. Arborelius L, Nomikos G G, Hacksell U, Svensson T H (1993) (R)-8-OH-DPAT preferentially increases DA release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Acta Physiol Scand 148: 465-466
8. Arnsten A F T (1997) Catecholamine regulation of the prefrontal cortex. J Psychopharmacol 11: 151-162
9. 1A antagonists. Trends Neurosci 19: 378-383
10. 3 receptor antagonists (+)-S 14297, nafadotride, GR 103,691 and U 99194. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 287: 1-11
11. 1D receptors. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 25: 584.5
12. Avenoso A, Spina E, Campo G, Facciola G, Ferlito M, Zuccaro P, Perucca E, Caputi A P (1997) Interaction between fluoxetine and haloperidol: pharmacokinetic and clinical implications. Pharmacol Res 35: 335-339
13. 2 receptors. Nature 377: 424-428
14. Balon R (1993) Fluoxetine-induced sexual dysfunction and yohimbine. J Clin Psychiatry 54: 161-162
15. Bartlett E J, Brodie J D, Simkowitz P, Dewey S L, Rusinek H, Wolf A P, Fowler J S, Volkow N D, Smith G, Wolkin A, Cancro R (1994) Effects of haloperidol challenge on regional cerebral glucose utilization in normal human subjects. Am J Psychiatry 151: 681-686
16. 1B/D autoreceptors. Synapse 31: 13-19
17. 1A receptor agonistic properties. Eur J Pharmacol 322: 147-153
18. Baumann P (1996) Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet 6: 444-469
19. 2B receptors. Behav Brain Res 73: 149-152
20. Beauregard M, Leroux JM, Bergmam S, Arzoumanian Y, Beaudoin G, Bourgoin P, Stip E (1998) The functional neuroanatomy of major depression: an fMRI study using an emotional activation paradigm. NeuroReport 9: 3253-3258
21. Beique J C, de Montigny C, Blier P, Debonnel G (1998) Blockade of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline uptake by venlafaxine: a comparative study with paroxetine and desipramine. Br J Pharmacol 125: 526-532
22. Bel N, Artigas F (1996) In vivo effects of the simultaneous blockade of serotonin and norepinephrine transporters on serotonergic function: microdialysis studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 278: 1064-1072
23. Bengtsson H J, Kele J, Hjorth S (1999) Lack of evidence for indirect stimulation of 5-HT output by the novel antidepressant mirtazapine. Nordic J Psychiatry 53: 84
24. Bermanzohn P C, Siris S G (1992) Akinesia: a syndrome common to parkinsonism, retarded depression, and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 33: 221-230
25. Berzewski H, Van Moffaert M, Gagiano C A (1997) Efficacy and tolerability of reboxetine compared with imipramine in a double-blind study in patients suffering from major depressive episodes. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 7: S37-S47
26. Birkenhäger T K, Moleman P, Nolen W A (1995) Benzodiazepines for depression? A review of the literature. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 10: 181-198
27. 2 receptor imaging in major depression: focal changes in orbito-insular cortex. Br J Psychiatry 171: 444-448
28. Blier P, Bergeron R (1995) Effectiveness of pindolol with selected antidepressant drugs in the treatment of major depression. J Clin Psychophamacol 15: 217-222
29. Blier P, de Montigny C (1994) Current advances and trends in the treatment of depression. Trends Pharmacol Sci 15: 220-226
30. 1B receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 250: 37-43
31. Boess F G, Martin I L (1994) Molecular biology of 5-HT receptors. Neuropharmacology 33: 275-317
32. Bonhomme N, Esposito E (1998) Involvement of serotonin and dopamine in the mechanism of action of novel antidepressant drugs: a review. J Clin Psychopharmacol 18: 447-454
33. 4 receptor subtype involvement in the enhancement of striatal dopamine release induced by serotonin: a microdialysis study in the halothane-anesthetized rat. Neuropharmacology 34: 269-279
34. Bordet R, Thomas P, Dupuis B (1998) Effect of pindolol on onset of action of paroxetine in the treatment of major depression: intermediate analysis of a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 155: 1346-1351
35. 2C receptors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted 2-(indol-1-yl)-1-methylethylamines and 2-(indenol[1,2-b]pyrrol-1-methylethylamines. Improved therapeutics for obsessive compulsive disorder. J Med Chem 40: 2762-2769
36. 1A receptors. J Neurochem 66: 2546-2555
37. 1A antagonist properties combined in a single NCE. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 24: 438.5
38. 1B agonist into the dorsal subiculum: implications for schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 12: 258-267
39. 1 hippocampal norepinephrine and serotonin release profiles under chloral hydrate anesthesia. Prog NeuroPsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 21: 1117-1140
40. 1 hippocampal norepinephrine and serotonin release detection in the behaving animal. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 22: 353-386
41. Broekkamp C L E, Leysen D, Peeters B W M M, Pinder R M (1995) Prospects for improved antidepressants. J Med Chem 38: 4615-4633
42. Brunello N (1997) Rationale for the development of noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NARIs). Hum Psychopharmacol 13: S13-S19
43. Burrows G D, Maguire K P, Norman T R (1998) Antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine: a review J Clin Psychiatry 59: 4-7
44. 1D,-adrenoceptor in the rat CNS. Br J Pharmacol 125: 38P
45. Caldelcott-Hazard S, Morgan D G, Deleon-Jones F, Overstreet D H. Janowsky D (1991) Clinical and biochemical aspects of depressive disorders: II. Transmitter/receptor theories. Synapse 9: 251-301
46. Cameron D L, Williams J T (1994) Cocaine inhibits GABA release in the VTA through endogenous 5-HT. J Neurosci 14: 6763-6767
47. Cameron D L, Wessendorf M W, Willians J T (1997) A subset of ventral tegmental area neurons is inhibited by dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and opioids. Neuroscience 77: 155-166
48. Cappiello A, McDougle C J, Malison R T, Heninger G R, Price L H (1995) Yohimbine augmentation of fluvoxamine in refractory depression: a single-blind study. Biol Psychiatry 38: 765-767
49. Carlsson A (1975) Receptor mediated control of dopamine metabolism. In Usdin E, Bunney W E Jr (eds), Pre-and postsynaptic receptors, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 49-65
50. Carpenter L L, Jocic Z, Hall J M, Rasmussen S A, Price L H (1999) Mirtazapine augmentation in the treatment of refractory depression. J Clin Psychiatry 60: 45
51. Cenci M A, Kalén P, Mandel R J, Björklund A (1992) Regional differences in the regulation of dopamine and noradrenaline release in medial frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen: a microdialysis study in the rat. Brain Res 581: 217-228
52. Cesana R, Ceci A, Ciprandi C Borsini F (1993) Mesulergine antagonism towards the fluoxetine anti-immobility effect in the forced swimming test in mice. J Pharmacol Pharmacol 45: 473-475
53. 3 receptor activation in medial prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats. Synapse 10: 264-266
54. Chen H Y, Lin Y P, Lee E H Y (1992) Cholinergic and GABAergic mediations of the effects of apomorphine on serotonin neurons. Synapse 10: 34-43
55. Chen N H, Reith M E A (1995) Monoamine interactions measured by microdialysis in the ventral tegmental area of rats treated systematically with (±)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin. J Neurochem 64: 1585-1597
56. 2C receptor mRNAs in the rat brain. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 24: 436.6
57. 2 agonist augments γ-aminobutyric acid and excitatory amino acid inputs to noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons. Neuroscience 54: 409-420
58. Ciraulo D A, Shader R I (1990) Fluoxetine drug-drug interactions. I. Antidepressants and antipsychotics. J Clin Psychopharmacol 10: 48-50
59. Clement H W, Gemsa D, Wesemann W (1992) Serotonin-norepinephrine interactions: a voltammetric study on the effect of serotonin receptor stimulation followed in the N. raphe dorsalis and the locus coeruleus of the rat J Neural Transm 88: 11-23
60. Cooper B R, Hester T J, Maxwell R A (1980) Behavioral and biochemical effects of the antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin): evidence for the selective blockade of dopamine uptake in vivo. Drug Dev Res 215: 127-134
61. Coplan J D, Lydiard R B (1998) Brain circuits in panic disorders. Biol Psychiatry 44: 1264-1276
62. Cragg S J. Greenfield S A (1997) Differential autoreceptor control of somatodendritic and axon terminal dopamine release in substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and striatum. J Neurosci 17: 5738-5746
63. 2-like receptor-mediated depolarization of 5-HT-containing dorsal raphe neurones in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 120: 261
64. Crews F T, Smith C B (1978) Presynaptic alpha-receptor subsensitivity after long-term antidepressant treatment. Science 202: 322-324
65. 2 antagonists. Neuropharmacology 22: 1203-1209
66. Da-Rocha Jr M A, Puech A, Thiebot M H (1997) Influence of anxiolytic drugs on the effects of specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the forced swimming test in mice. J Pharmacol 11: 211-218
67. Darracq L, Blanc G, Glowinski J, Tassin J P (1998) Importance of the noradrenaline-dopamine coupling in the locomotor activating effects of d-amphetamine. J Neurosci 18: 2729-2739
68. Dassa D, Kaladjian A, Azorin J M, Giudicelli S (1993) Clopazine in the treatment of psychotic refractory depression. Br J Psychiatry 163: 822-824
69. 1D autoreceptor. Br J Pharmacol 114: 1107-1109
70. 1A receptor antagonists on fluoxetine induced changes in extracellular serotonin concentrations in rat frontal cortex. Eur J Pharmacol 345: 41-46
71. De Battista C, Sofuoglu M, Schatzberg A F (1998) Serotonergic synergism: the risks and benefits of combining the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with other serotonergic drugs. Biol Psychiatry 44: 336-340
72. 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, mirtazapine, mianserin and idazoxan. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 277: 852-860
73. 3 receptors. J Neurosci 18: 6528-6538
74. 2B/2C receptor subtypes in the control of accumbal and striatal dopamine release elicited in vivo by dorsal raphe nucleus electrical stimulation. J Neurochem 73: 1033-1042
75. Deakin J F W (1996) 5-HT, antidepressant drugs and the psychosocial origins of depression. J Psychopharmacol 10: 31-38
76. 3 receptor in the rat brain. Neuroscience 65: 731-745
77. 2C/2B receptors enhances dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 37: 265-272
78. 2-adrenoceptor antagonism and depression Drug News Perspect 4: 197-203
79. Dimitriou E C, Dimitriou C E (1998) Buspirone augmentation of antidepressant therapy J Clin Psychopharmacol 18: 465-469
80. 2 receptor activation decreases noradrenaline release in rat hippocampus in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 107: 240-245
81. 2 receptors: microdialysis studies in the awake and anaesthetized rat. Neuropharmacology 33: 411-421
82. Dorsey C M, Lukas S E, Cunningham S L (1996) Fluoxetine-induced sleep disturbance in depressed patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 14: 437-442
83. 1A agonist, on sleep patterns of healthy subjects. Psychopharmacology 117: 186-192
84. Dubini A, Bosc M, Polin V (1997) Do noradrenaline and serotonin differentially affect social motivation and behaviour? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 7: S49-S55
85. Duncan G E, Knapp D J, Little K Y, Breese G R (1994) Neuroanatomical specificity and dose dependence in the time course of imipramine-induced beta adrenergic receptor down-regulation in rat brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 271: 1699-1704
86. 3H]spiperone binding. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 358: 342-350
87. Espejo E F (1997) Selective dopamine depletion within the medial prefrontal cortex induces anxiogenic-like effects in rats placed on the elevated plus maze. Brain Res 762: 281-284
88. Esposito E (1996) An indirect action for fluoxetine on the dopamine neurotransmitter system. Trends Pharmacol Sci 17: 400-401
89. Evins A E, Goff D C (1996) Adjunctive antidepressant drugs in schizophrenia. CNS Drugs 6: 130-147
90. Ferré S, Cortès R, Artigas F (1994) Dopaminergic regulation of the serotonergic raphe-striatal pathway: microdialysis studies in freely moving rats. J Neurosci 14: 4839-4846
91. Finn M, Sukoff S I, Rosenzweig-Lipson S (1998) Modification of the behavioral effects of fluoxetine by WAY 100635 in rodents. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 24: 539.15
92. 1A receptor antagonist. Behav Brain Res 73: 337-353
93. Fletcher P J (1991) Dopamine receptor blockade in nucleus accumbens or caudate nucleus differentially affects feeding induced by 8-OH-DPAT injected into dorsal or median raphe. Brain Res 552: 181-189
94. 2B receptor antagonist. J Med Chem 38: 855-857
95. Frazer A (1997) Antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry 58: 9-25
96. 3 receptor in the presynaptic regulation of dopamine release but not synthesis. Eur J Pharmacol 308: 261-269
97. 1B agonist CP93 129 facilitates striatal dopamine release in vivo. Synapse 15: 90-92
98. 1A receptor antagonist and an SSRI in vivo: effects on 5-HT cell firing and extracellular 5-HT. Br J Pharmacol 115: 1064-1070
99. 1B receptor inverse agonists 1′-methyl-5-[[2′-methyl-4′-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl) biphenyl-4-yl]-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-f]indole-3-4′-piperidine]] (SB-224289) potently blocks terminal 5-HT autoreceptor-mediated control of release. Neuroscience 84: 413-429
100. 2-adrenoceptor antagonist with serotonin uptake-blocking activity and putative antidepressant-like effects: II. Pharmacology profile. Drug Dev Res 35: 246-260
101. Giros B, Wang Y M, Suter S, McLeskey S B, Pifl C, Caron M G (1994) Delineation of discrete domains for substrate, cocaine, and tricyclic antidepressant interactions using chimeric dopamine-norepinephrine transporters. J Biol Chem 269: 15985-15988
102. Glassman A H (1998) Cardiovascular effects of antidepressant drugs: updated. Clin Psychiatry 59: 13-18
103. 3H]5-hydroxytryptamine release from rat brain cortex synaptosomes. J Pharmacol 45: 811-814
104. 2A receptor activation enhances dialysate levels of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA), but not 5-HT, in the frontal cortex (FCX) of freely moving rats. Neuropharmacology 38: 315-317
105. 1B receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 21: 268-284
106. 1A receptor agonists and antagonists: a comparison to adrenergic and dopaminergic neurones in individual rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 273: 1032-1046
107. 3 autoreceptors control synthesis and release in mesolimbic, mesocortical and nigrostriatal pathways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 275: 899-913
108. 3 (auto)receptors inhibits dopamine release in the frontal cortex of freely moving rats in vivo. J Neurochem 66: 2209-2212
109. 2-adrenergic receptor blockade markedly potentiates duloxetine-and fluoxetine-induced increases in noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin levels in the frontal cortex of freely moving rats. J Neurochem 69: 2616-2619
110. Gobert A, Rivet J-M, Cistarelli L, Millan M J (1997b) Buspirone enhances duloxetine-and fluoxetine-induced increase in dialysate levels of dopamine and noradrenaline, but not serotonin, in the frontal cortex of freely moving rats. J Neurochem 68: 1326-1329
111. 1B receptors with WAY 100 635 and GR 127 935. J Neurochem 68: 1159-1163
112. Gobert A, Rivet J-M, Audinot V, Newman-Tancredi A, Cistarelli L, Millan M J (1998) Simultaneous quantification of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline levels in single frontal cortex dialysates of freely moving rats reveals a complex pattern of reciprocal auto-and heteroreceptor-mediated control of release. Neuroscience 84: 413-429
113. Gobert A, Lejeune F, Adhumeau A, Millan M J (1999a) Mirtazapine enhances dopaminergic and adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission in rats: an electrophysiological and dialysis comparison to fluoxetine. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 25: 533.11
114. 2-adrenergic receptors underlies its actions. Neuroscience 93: 1251-1262
115. Gobert A, Dekeyne A, and Millan M J (in press a) The ability of WAY100,635 to potentiate the neurochemical and functional actions of fluoxetine is enhanced by co-administration of SB224,289, but not BRL15572. Neuropharmacology 39
116. 2C receptors tonically suppress the activity of mesocortical dopaminergic and adrenergic, but not serotonergic, pathways: a combined dialysis and electrophysiological analysis in the rat. Synapse 36
117. Goff D C, Midha K K, Sarid-Segal O, Hubbard J W, Amico E (1995) A placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine added to neuroleptics in patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 117: 417-423
118. Goldman-Rakic P S, Selemon L D (1997) Functional and anatomical aspects of prefrontal pathology in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 23: 437-458
119. Goldstein B J, Goodnick P J (1998) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of affective disorders - III. Tolerability, safety and pharmacoeconomics. J Psychopharmacol 12: S55-S87
120. Gonzalez L E, Ouagazzal A M, File S E (1998) Stimulation of benzodiazepine receptors in the dorsal hippocampus and median raphe reveals differential GABAergic control in two animal tests of anxiety. Eur J Neurosci 10: 3673-3680
121. Goodnick P J, Goldstein B J (1998a) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in affective disorders - I. Basic pharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 12: S5-S20
122. Goodnick P J, Goldstein B J (1998b) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in affective disorders - II. Efficacy and quality of life. J Psychopharmacol 12: S21-S54
123. Goodwin G M (1997) Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal lobes in depression. J Psychopharmacol 11: 115-122
124. Gram L F, Fredricson-Overo K (1972) Drug interactions: inhibitory effects of neuroleptics on metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants in man. Br Med J 1: 463-465
125. Greenberg B D, Benjamin J, Martin J D, Keuler D, Huang S J, Altemus M, Murphy D L (1998) Delayed obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom exacerbation after a single dose of a serotonin antagonist in fluoxetine-treated but not untreated patients. Psychopharmacology 140: 434-444
126. Grenhoff J, Nisell M, Ferré S, Aston-Jones G, Svensson T H (1993) Noradrenergic modulation of midbrain dopamine cell firing elicited by stimulation of the locus coeruleus in the rat. J Neural Transm 93: 11-25
127. Gresch P, Sved A F, Zigmond M J, Finlay J M (1995) Local influence of endogenous norepinephrine on extracellular dopamine in rat medial prefrontal cortex. J Neurochem 65: 111-116
128. 2 receptor subtype antagonists in rat and mouse models of anxiety. Neuropharmacology 36: 793-802
129. 3 receptor. J Neural Transm 103: 1163-1175
130. 2C receptors. Br J Pharmacol 124: 1781-1787
131. Gu H, Wall S C, Rudnick G (1994) Stable expression of biogenic amine transporters reveals differences in inhibitor sensitivity, kinetics and ion dependence. J Biol Chem 269: 7124-7130
132. 3 receptor-expressing neurons in the human forebrain. Neuropsychopharmacology 20: 61-80
133. Haddjeri N, Blier P, De Montigny C (1996) Effects of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist mirtazapine on the 5-hydroxy-tryptamine system in the rat brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 277: 861-871
134. 1A receptors. J Neurosci 18: 10150-10156
135. 2 dopamine receptors. Br J Pharmacol 121: 731-736
136. He H, Richardson J S (1997) Nefazodone: a review of its neurochemical mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use in major depressive disorder. CNS Drug Reviews 3: 34-48
137. 2C receptor null mutant mice. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 24: 238.10
138. 1A receptor mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:15049-15054
139. Herrero I, Sánchez-Prieto J (1996) cAMP-dependent facilitation of glutamate release by β-adrenergic receptors in cerebrocortical nerve terminals. J Biol Chem 271: 30554-30560
140. 3H]hydroxy-N, N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin. Brain Res 648: 222-228
141. Hertel P, Lindblom N, Nomikos G G, Svensson T H (1998) Modulation of central serotonergic transmission by risperidone: underlying mechanism(s) significance of action. Prog NeuroPsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatr 22: 815-834
142. Hervàs I, Artigas F (1998) Effect of fluoxetine on cellular 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat brain. Role of 5-HT autoreceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 358: 9-18
143. 2-adrenoceptors. Prog Drug Res 47: 1906-1912
144. 2-adrenoceptor subtypes: therapeutic implications. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 6: 367-387
145. 1B receptor antagonist NAS-181. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 24: 438.13
146. 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT on the release of 5-HT in dorsal and median raphe-innervated rat brain regions as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Life Sci 48: 1779-1786
147. 1B autoreceptor blocking properties of the beta adrenoceptor antagonist (-)-penbutolol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 265: 707-712
148. 1-adrenoceptors in the inhibition of 5-HT release. I. BMY7378 & prazosin. Neuropharmacology 34: 383-392
149. Hjorth S, Carlsson A, Lindberg P, Sanchez D, Wikstrom D, Arvidsson L-E, Hacksell U, Nilsson J L G (1982) 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, 8-OH-DPAT, a potent and selective simplified ergot congener with central 5-HT stimulating activity. J Neural Transm 55: 169-179
150. Hogarty G E, McEvoy J P, Ulrich R F, DiBarry A L, Bartone P, Cooley S, Hammill K, Carter M, Munetz M R, Perel J (1995) Pharmacotherapy of impaired affect in recovering schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 29-41
151. Hughes Z A, Stanford S C (1996) Increased noradrenaline efflux induced by local infusion of fluoxetine in the rat frontal cortex. Eur J Pharmacol 317: 83-90
152. Hughes Z A, Stanford S C (1998) Evidence from microdialysis and synaptosomal studies of rat cortex for noradrenaline uptake sites with different sensitivities to SSRIs. Br J Pharmacol 124: 1141-1148
153. 2-adrenoceptor subtypes in the antinociceptive, sedative and hypothermic action of dexmedetomidine in transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol 122: 1339-1344
154. Hyttel J (1994) Pharmacological characterization of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Int Clin Psychopharmacol 9: 19-26
155. Ichikawa J, Meltzer H Y (1995) Effect of antidepressants on striatal and accumbens extracellular dopamine levels. Eur J Pharmacol 281: 255-261
156. Ichikawa J, Kuroki T, Dai J, Meltzer H Y (1998) Effect of antipsychotic drugs on extracellular serotonin levels in rat medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Eur J Pharmacol 351: 163-171
157. 1A receptor antagonists on citalopram-induced increases in extracellular serotonin in the frontal cortex, striatum and dorsal hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 36: 467-473
158. Iyer R N, Bradberry C W (1996) Serotonin-mediated increase in prefrontal cortex dopamine release: pharmacological characterization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 277: 40-47
159. Jackson D M, Westlind-Danielsson A (1994) Dopamine receptors: molecular biology, biochemistry and behavioural aspects. Pharmacol Ther 64: 291-369
160. 1C receptors in the antiserotonergic properties of some antidepressant drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 231: 223-226
161. 1C receptors and antidepressants. Prog NeuroPsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 18: 563-574
162. 2C receptor agonists and fluoxetine in a model of panic-like anxiety in rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 8: 161-168
163. B synaptic potential in rat dopamine neurones. J Neurosci 12: 2000-2006
164. Jonas J M, Cohon M S (1993) A comparison of the safety and efficacy of alprazolam versus other agonists in the treatment of anxiety, panic and depression: a review of the literature. J Clin Psychiatry 54: 25-45
165. Jordan S, Kramer G L, Zukas P K, Moeller M, Petty F (1994) In vivo biogenic amine efflux in medial prefrontal cortex with imipramine, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine. Synapse 18: 294-297
166. Katz R J, Rosenthal M (1994) Adverse interaction of cyproheptadine with serotonergic antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry 55: 314-315
167. Kelland M D, Chiodo L A (1996) Serotoninergic modulation of midbrain dopamine systems. In Ashby C R Jr (eds), The modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission by other neurotransmitters. CRC Press, New York, pp. 87-122
168. 2 dopamine receptor-deficient mice is determined by gene dosage, genetic background and developmental adaptations. J Neurosci 18: 3470-3479
169. 2B receptor antagonist with anxiolytic-like properties. Br J Pharmacol 117: 427-434
170. 2B receptor agonist, causes hyperphagia and reduced grooming in rats. Neuropharmacology 36: 233-239
171. 2C receptor antagonist. Neuropharmacology 36: 609-620
172. Kent J M, Coplan J D, Gorman J M (1998) Clinical utility of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the spectrum of anxiety. Biol Psychiatry 44: 812-824
173. 3 preferring ligand, characterization and autoradiographic localization. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 24: 340.3
174. 2-like receptors: an immunocytochemical study of subtype-specific antibodies in rat and human brain. J Comp Neurol 402: 353-371
175. Kibel D A, Laffont I, Liddle P F (1993) The composition of the negative syndrome of chronic schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 162: 744-750
176. King J A, Edwards E, Ferris C F, Springer C, Lahti K (1998) Imaging depression in fully conscious learned helpless rats using functional MRI. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 24: 484.18
177. 2-adrenoceptors modulating hippocampal norepinephrine release in rat. Brain Res 674: 238-244
178. Klysner R, Geisler A (1991) Rapid downregulation of cerebral β-adrenoceptors by combined treatment with imipramine and mianserin. In Jay D (ed), Advances in neuropsychiatry and psychopharmacology: refractory depression. Raven Press Ltd. Amsterdam 2: 109-113
179. 3 receptor mutant mice. J Neurosci 18: 2231-2238
180. Kotrla K J, Weinberger D R (1995) Brain imaging in schizophrenia. Annu Rev Med 46: 113-122
181. 3 receptor binding affinities. Eur J Pharmacol 277: 209-214
182. Kuikka J T, Pitkanen A, Lepola U, Partanen K, Vainio P, Bergstrom K A, Wieler H J, Kaiser K P, Mittelbach L, Koponen H, Leinonen E, Riekkinen PJ (1995) Abnormal regional benzodiazepine receptor uptake in the prefrontal cortex of patients with panic disorder. Nucl Med Commun 16: 273-280
183. Kuroki T, Meltzer H Y, Ichikawa J (1999) Effects of antipsychotic drugs on extracellular dopamine levels in rat medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288: 774-781
184. 2A-adrenergic receptor via 'hit and run' gene targeting reveals the role of this subtype in sedative, analgesic and anesthetic-sparing responses in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 9950-9955
185. Lauritzen L, Clemmesen L, Klysner R, Loldrup D, Lunde M, Schaumburg E, Waarst S, Bech P (1992) Combined treatment with imipramine and mianserin. Pharmacopsychiatry 25: 182-186
186. Le Moal M, Simon H (1991) Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic network: functional and regulatory roles. Physiol Rev 71: 155-234
187. 2A-adrenergic receptors in the rat nucleus locus coeruleus: subcellular localization in catecholaminergic dentrites, astrocytes and presynaptic axon terminals. Brain Res 795: 157-169
188. 2C-adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity in catecholaminergic neurons in the rat central nervous system. Neuroscience 84: 1085-1096
189. 3 autoreceptors inhibits firing of ventral tegmental dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 275: R7-R9
190. 1A receptors: WAY 100,635-reversible actions of the highly selective ligands, flesinoxan and S 15535. Synapse 30: 1-9
191. 1A receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 260, 79-83
192. 2C receptors modulate the activity of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways: a combined dialysis and electrophysiological analysis. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 23: 386.13
193. 1A receptors and their modulation of the activity of serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurones in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 280: 1241-1249
194. Lejeune F, Gobert A, Rivet J-M, Melon C,Cistarell Ji L and Millan M J (1998) (-)-Pindolol increases dialysate levels of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NAD), but not serotonin (5-HT), in the frontal cortex (FCX) of freely moving rats. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 24: 341.11
195. Leonard B E (1997) The role of noradrenaline in depression: a review. J Psychopharmacol 11: S39-S47
196. 3 dopamine receptors in the brains of several mammalian species. Brain Res 800: 269-274
197. 2 receptor-deficient mice. Brain Res 792: 253-262
198. Lloyd K G, Zivkovic B, Scatton B, Morselli P L, Bartholini G (1989) The GABAergic hypothesis of depression. Prog NeuroPsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 13: 341-351
199. Lucki I, Singh A, Kreiss D S (1994) Antidepressant-like behavioral effects of serotonin receptor agonists. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 18: 85-95
200. 1A receptors. Br J Pharmacol 108: 669-677
201. Maes M, Meltzer H Y (1995) The serotonin hypothesis of major depression. In Bloom F E, Kupfer D J (eds). Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation in progress. Raven Press Ltd, New York, pp. 933-944
202. 123I]-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) tropane and single photon emission computed tomography. Biol Psychiatry 44: 1090-1098
203. 35S] binding. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 285: 119-126
204. 2C receptor agonists: pharmacological characteristics and therapeutic potential. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286: 913-924
205. Mateo Y, Pineda J, Meana J J (1998) Somatodendritic α2-adrenoceptors in the locus coeruleus are involved in the in vivo modulation of cortical noradrenaline release by the antidepressant, desipramine. J Neurochem 71: 790-798
206. Matos F F, Urban C, Eison A S, Yocca F (1994) Effects of chronic treatment with BMS-18101 and fluoxetine on extracellular serotonin (5-HT) in guinea pig frontal cortex. In Louilot A, Durkin T, Spampinato U, Cador M (eds). Monitoring molecules in neuroscience, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on in vivo Methods, pp. 207-208
207. 2-adrenoceptor subtypes. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharm 345: 410-416
208. 2A receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 280: R9-R11
209. Mayberg H S, Brannan S K, Mahurin R K, Jerabek P A, Brickman J S, Tekell J L, Silva J A, McGinnis S, Glass T G, Martin C C, Fox P T (1997) Cingulate function in depression: a potential predictor of treatment response. NeuroReport 8: 1057-1061
210. McAskill R, Mir S, Taylor D (1998) Pindolol augmentation of antidepressant therapy. Br J Pharmacol 173: 203-208
211. McDougle C J, Goodman W K, Leckman J C, Lee N C, Heninger G R, Price L H (1994) Haloperidol addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with and without tics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51: 302-308
212. McPhillips M A, Barnes T R E (1997) Negative symptoms. Curr Opin Psychiatry 10: 30-35
213. Meador-Woodruff J H, Damask S P, Watson S J (1994) Differential expression of autoreceptors in the ascending dopamine system of the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 8297-8301
214. 1A agonists. Mol Pharmacol 37: 231-237
215. Meltzer H Y (1995) Atypical antipsychotic drugs. In Bloom F E, Kupfer D J (eds), Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation in progress. Raven Press Ltd, New York, pp. 1277-1286
216. Meltzer H Y, Maes M (1994) Effect of pindolol on the L-5-HTP-induced increase in plasma prolactin and cortisol concentrations in man. Psychopharmacology 114: 635-643
217. Menkes D B (1995) Buspirone augmentation of sertraline. Br J Psychiatry 166: 823-824
218. Mendlin A, Martin F J, Jacobs B L (1999) Dopaminergic input is required for increases in serotonin output produced by behavioral activation: an in vivo microdialysis study in rat forebrain Neuroscience 93: 897-905
219. 2 receptor deficient mice. Neuroscience 79: 323-327
220. 2 antagonistic activities. J Med Chem 40: 1049-1062
221. A and 5-HT anxiolytics. Psychopharmacology 121: 38-56
222. Mielke R, Kessler J, Szelies B, Herhorlz K, Wienhard K, Heiss W D (1998) Normal and pathological ageing-findings of positron-emission-tomography. J Neural Transm 105: 821-837
223. Millan M J, Gobert A (1999) (-)-Pindolol increases dialysate concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline, but not serotonin, in the frontal cortex of freely moving rats. Neuropharmacology 38: 909-912
224. 1B receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 321: R11-R13
225. 1C/2 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 262: 451-463
226. 2A-ARs in the control of nociception, motor behaviour and hippocampal synthesis of noradrenaline. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 270: 958-972
227. 1A receptors: II. Modulation of hippocampal serotonin release in relation to potential anxiolytic properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 282: 148-161
228. 2A-adrenergic receptors in relation to modulation of cortical monoamine release and potential antidepressant properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 282: 132-147
229. Millan M J, Brocco M, Veiga S, Cistarelli L, Melon C, Gobert A (1998a) WAY 100,635 enhances both the 'antidepressant' actions of duloxetine and its influence on dialysate levels of serotonin in frontal cortex. Eur J Pharmacol 341: 165-167
230. 2C receptors tonically inhibit dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NAD), but not 5-HT, release in the frontal cortex in vivo. Neuropharmacology 37: 953-955
231. 1A agonist properties. I. Receptorial and neurochemical profile in comparison with clozapine and haloperidol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286: 1341-1355
232. 4 receptors: an in vitro and in vivo comparison to L 745 870 (3-(4-[4-chlorophenyl]piperazin-1-yl)methyl-1H pyrrolo[2,3b]pyridine) and raclopride. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 287: 167-186
233. 3 receptors. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 25: 588.2
234. 1A agonist properties: III. Anxiolytic actions in comparison with clozapine and haloperidol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288: 1002-1014
235. 1B receptors to G-protein coupling and function in corticolimbic structures. Neuropsychopharmacology 21: 61S-67S
236. Millan M J, Gobert A, Girardon S, Dekeyne A (1999d) Citalopram elicits a discriminative stimulus in rats at a dose selectively increasing extracellular levels of serotonin as compared to dopamine and noradrenaline. Eur J Pharmacol 364: 147-150
237. 3 receptors: significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive state. Synapse 35: 72-95
238. 3-receptors: I. Receptorial, electrophysiological and neurochemical profile in comparison to GR218,231 and L741,626. J Pharmacol Exp Ther
239. 2C receptors: a comparison to citalopram. Eur J Neurosci 12
240. Mir S, Taylor D (1997) The adverse effects of antidepressants. Curr Opin Psychiatry 10: 88-94
241. Misu Y, Kubo T (1986) Presynaptic β-adrenoceptors. Med Res Rev 6: 197-225
242. 2-adrenoceptors on 5-hydroxytryptamine terminals in the rat hippocampus. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 347: 266-272
243. Mongeau R, de Montigny C, Blier P (1994a) Effects of long-term alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist and electroconvulsive treatment on alpha-2 adrenoceptors modulating serotonin neurotransmission. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269: 1152-1159
244. 3H]noradrenaline in the rat hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol 271: 121-129
245. Morgan M, LeDoux E (1995) Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Behav Neurosci 109: 681-688
246. 2 receptors in the rat brain. Neuroscience 54: 701-717
247. Mos J, Mollet I, Tolboom J T B M, Waldinger M D, Olivier B (1999) A comparison of the effects of different serotonin reuptake blockers on sexual behaviour of the male rat. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 9: 123-135
248. 1A antagonist, of the effects of fluoxetine and befloxatone in the forced swim test. Am Soc Neurosci Abstr 22: 76.11
249. Mundo E, Guglielmo, Bellodi L (1998) Effect of adjuvant pindolol on the antiobsessional response to fluvoxamine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 13: 219-224
250. Murphy D L, Andrews A M, Wichems C H, Li Q, Tohda M, Greenberg B (1998) Brain serotonin neurotransmission: an overview and update with an emphasis on serotonin subsystem heterogeneity, multiple receptors, interactions with other neurotransmitters systems and consequent implications for the understanding the actions of serotonergic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 59: 4-12
251. Murugaiah K D, O'Donnell J M (1995) Facilitation of noradrenaline release from rat brain slices by β-adrenoceptors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 351: 483-490
252. Nelson J C (1987) The use of antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of depression. Treat Resist Depress 7: 131-146
253. Nemeroff C B (1997) Augmentation strategies in patients with refractory depression. Depress Anxiety 4: 169-181
254. Newcomer J W, Faustman W O, Yeh W, Csernansky J G (1990) Distinguishing depression and negative symptoms in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 31: 243-250
255. 3H]CGP-12177 binding reveals rapid (24 hour) modulation. Brain Res Bull 41: 93-96
256. 1A receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 18: 395-398
257. 35S]thio)-triphosphate binding and antibody study. Mol Pharmacol 55: 564-574
258. 2C receptors stably expressed in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. J Neurochem 69: 1031-1038
259. Nicholas A P, Pieribone V A, Hökfelt T (1993) Cellular localization of messenger RNA for beta-1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors in rat brain: an in situ hybridization study. Neuroscience 56: 1023-1039
260. 3 receptor antisense influences dopamine synthesis in rat brain. NeuroReport 6: 573-576
261. Nolde S F, Johnson M K, D'Esposito M (1998) Left prefrontal activation during episodic remembering: an event-related fMRI study. NeuroReport 9: 3509-3514
262. O'Donnell J (1993) Effect of the beta-2 adrenergic agonist zinterol on noradrenaline turnover. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 80: 113-116
263. O'Neil M F, Fernandez A G, Palacios J M (1996) GR 127935 blocks the locomotor and antidepressant-like effects of RU 24969 and the action of antidepressants in the mouse tail suspension test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 53: 535-539
264. 2-presynaptic receptors. Life Sci 48: 283-289