Nanotechnological approaches for genetic immunization

DNA and RNA Nanobiotechnologies in Medicine: Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 68-120

  Goyal, Amit K ^a   Rath, Goutam ^a   Garg, Tarun ^a  

^a ISF COLLEGE OF PHARMACY   (India)

Author keywords

DNA vaccines; Lipid carriers; Nanotechnology; Non invasive route; Polymer carriers

Indexed keywords

ANTIGENS; CELL ENGINEERING; ENZYME ACTIVITY; IMMUNIZATION; NANOTECHNOLOGY; VACCINES;

CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS; DNA VACCINE; HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE; LIPID CARRIERS; NON-INVASIVE ROUTE; POLYMER CARRIER; SURFACE ENGINEERING;

BIOMOLECULES;

EID: 85031005919     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36853-0_4     Document Type: Chapter

References (235)

1. Adel-Patient K, Pothelune L, Ah-Leung S et al (2010) Block copolymers have differing adjuvant effects on the primary immune response elicited by genetic immunization and on further induced allergy. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17: 36-42
2. Aguilar RM, Talamantes FJ, Bustamante JJ, Muñoz J, Treviño LR, Martinez AO, Haro LS (2009) MAP dendrimer elicits antibodies for detecting rat and mouse GH-binding proteins. J Pept Sci 15(2): 78-88
3. Ahsan MF, Gore MM (2011) Comparison of immune response generated against Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein expressed by DNA vaccines under macrophage associated versus ubiquitous expression promoters. Virol J 8: 382
4. Alarcon JB, Waine GW, Mcmanus DP (1999) DNA vaccines: technology and application as antiparasite and anti-microbial agents. Adv Parasitol 42: 343-410
5. Allison AG, Gregoriadis G (1974) Liposomes as immunological adjuvants. Nature 252: 52
6. Al-Mariri A, Tibor A, Lestrate P et al (2002) Yersinia enterocolitica as a vehicle for a naked DNA vaccine encoding Brucella abortus bacterioferritin or P39 antigen. Infect Immun 70: 1915-1923
7. Alpar HO, Somavarapu S, Atuah KN et al (2005) Biodegradable mucoadhesive particulates for nasal and pulmonary antigen and DNA delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 57: 411-430
8. Aprile MA, Wardlaw AC (1966) Aluminium compounds as adjuvants for vaccines and toxoids in man: a review. Can J Public Health 57: 343-360
9. Baca-Estrada ME, Foldvari M, Babiuk SL et al (2000) Vaccine delivery: lipid-based delivery systems. J Biotechnol 83: 91-104
10. Bacon A, Makin J, Sizer PJ et al (2000) Carbohydrate biopolymers enhance antibody responses to mucosally delivered vaccine antigens. Infect Immun 68: 5764-5770
11. Baghian A, Chouljenko VN, Dauvergne O et al (2002) Protective immunity against lethal HSV-1 challenge in mice by nucleic acid-based immunisation with herpes simplex virus type-1 genes specifying glycoproteins gB and gD. J Med Microbiol 51: 350-357
12. Balenga NA, Zahedifard F, Weiss R et al (2006) Protective efficiency of dendrosomes as novel nano-sized adjuvants for DNA vaccination against birch pollen allergy. J Biotechnol 124: 602-614
13. Barr IG, Mitchell GF (1996) ISCOMs (immunostimulating complexes): the first decade. Immunol Cell Biol 74: 8-25
14. Barr JN, Whelan SP, Wertz GW (2002) Transcriptional control of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus. Biochim Biophys Acta 1577: 337-353
15. Basarkar A, Devineni D, Palaniappan R et al (2007) Preparation, characterization, cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(DL-lactic acid) cationic nanoparticles for controlled delivery of plasmid DNA. Int J Pharm 343: 247-254
16. Benvegnu T, Lemiegre L, Cammas-Marion S (2009) New generation of liposomes called archaeosomes based on natural or synthetic archaeal lipids as innovative formulations for drug delivery. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul 3: 206-220
17. Bhavsar MD, Amiji MM (2007) Polymeric nano- and microparticle technologies for oral gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 4: 197-213
18. Bielinska AU, Chen C, Johnson J et al (1999) DNA complexing with polyamidoamine dendrimers: implications for transfection. Bioconjug Chem 10: 843-850
19. Borges O, Silva M, De Sousa A et al (2008) Alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles are an effective subcutaneous adjuvant for hepatitis B surface antigen. Int Immunopharmacol 8: 1773-1780
20. Boshart M, Weber F, Jahn G et al (1985) A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus. Cell 41: 521-530
21. Bramwell VW, Eyles JE, Somavarapu S et al (2002) Liposome/DNA complexes coated with biodegradable PLA improve immune responses to plasmid encoding hepatitis B surface antigen. Immunology 106: 412-418
22. Brigham KL, Meyrick B, Christman B et al (1989) In vivo transfection of murine lungs with a functioning prokaryotic gene using a liposome vehicle. Am J Med Sci 298: 278-281
23. Buonaguro L, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM (2010) Virus-like particles as particulate vaccines. Curr HIV Res 8: 299-309
24. Bussiere JL, Mccormick GC, Green JD (1995) Preclinical safety assessment considerations in vaccine development. Pharm Biotechnol 6: 61-79
25. Caputo A, Betti M, Altavilla G et al (2002) Micellar-type complexes of tailor-made synthetic block copolymers containing the HIV-1 tat DNA for vaccine application. Vaccine 20: 2303-2317
26. Carstens MG, Camps MG, Henriksen-Lacey M et al (2011) Effect of vesicle size on tissue localization and immunogenicity of liposomal DNA vaccines. Vaccine 29: 4761-4770
27. Cattoglio C, Facchini G, Sartori D et al (2007) Hot spots of retroviral integration in human CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Blood 110: 1770-1778
28. Chackerian B (2007) Virus-like particles: flexible platforms for vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 6: 381-390
29. Chamberlain JS (2002) Gene therapy of muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 11: 2355-2362
30. Channarong S, Chaicumpa W, Sinchaipanid N et al (2011) Development and evaluation of chitosan-coated liposomes for oral DNA vaccine: the improvement of Peyer’s patch targeting using a polyplex-loaded liposomes. AAPS PharmSciTech 12: 192-200
31. Chen D, Maa YF, Haynes JR (2002) Needle-free epidermal powder immunization. Expert Rev Vaccines 1: 265-276
32. Chiang CH, Yeh MK (2003) Contribution of poly(amino acids) to advances in pharmaceutical biotechnology. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 4(5): 323-330
33. Chodosh J, Nordquist RE, Kennedy RC (1998) Comparative anatomy of mammalian conjunctival lymphoid tissue: a putative mucosal immune site. Dev Comp Immunol 22: 621-630
34. Chong CS, Cao M, Wong WW et al (2005) Enhancement of T helper type 1 immune responses against hepatitis B virus core antigen by PLGA nanoparticle vaccine delivery. J Control Release 102: 85-99
35. Christian DA, Cai S, Bowen DM et al (2009) Polymersome carriers: from self-assembly to siRNA and protein therapeutics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 71: 463-474
36. Claassen I, Osterhaus A (1992) The iscom structure as an immune-enhancing moiety: experience with viral systems. Res Immunol 143: 531-541
37. Cordiali Fei P, Solmone M, VioraMet al (1994) Apoptosis in HIV infection: protective role of IL-2. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 8: 60-64
38. Cox JC, Sjolander A, Barr IG (1998) ISCOMs and other saponin based adjuvants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 32: 247-271
39. Csaba N, Sanchez A, Alonso MJ (2006) PLGA: poloxamer and PLGA: poloxamine blend nanostructures as carriers for nasal gene delivery. J Control Release 113: 164-172
40. Cui Z, Mumper RJ (2002) Topical immunization using nanoengineered genetic vaccines. J Control Release 81: 173-184
41. Cui Z, Mumper RJ (2003a) The effect of co-administration of adjuvants with a nanoparticle-based genetic vaccine delivery system on the resulting immune responses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 55: 11-18
42. Cui Z, Mumper RJ (2003b) Microparticles and nanoparticles as delivery systems for DNA vaccines. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 20: 103-137
43. Cui Z, Sloat BR (2006) Topical immunization onto mouse skin using a microemulsion incorporated with an anthrax protective antigen protein-encoding plasmid. Int J Pharm 317: 187-191
44. De Jonge J, Amorij JP, Hinrichs WL et al (2007) Inulin sugar glasses preserve the structural integrity and biological activity of influenza virosomes during freeze-drying and storage. Eur J Pharm Sci 32: 33-44
45. Debus H, Baumhof P, Probst J et al (2010) Delivery of messenger RNA using poly(ethylene imine)-poly(ethylene glycol)-copolymer blends for polyplex formation: biophysical characterization and in vitro transfection properties. J Control Release 148: 334-343
46. Densmore CL (2003) Polyethyleneimine-based gene therapy by inhalation. Expert Opin Biol Ther 3: 1083-1092
47. Dong-Ji Z, Yang X, Shen C et al (2000) Priming with Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein (MOMP) DNA followed by MOMP ISCOM boosting enhances protection and is associated with increased immunoglobulin A and Th1 cellular immune responses. Infect Immun 68: 3074-3078
48. Draper SJ, Heeney JL (2010) Viruses as vaccine vectors for infectious diseases and cancer. Nat Rev Microbiol 8: 62-73
49. Duncan R, Izzo L (2005) Dendrimer biocompatibility and toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 57 (15): 2215-2237
50. Duzgunes N, De Ilarduya CT, Simoes S et al (2003) Cationic liposomes for gene delivery: novel cationic lipids and enhancement by proteins and peptides. Curr Med Chem 10: 1213-1220
51. Edelman R, Tacket CO (1990) Adjuvants. Int Rev Immunol 7: 51-66
52. Estevan M, Irache JM, Grillo MJ et al (2006) Encapsulation of antigenic extracts of Salmonella enterica serovar. Abortusovis into polymeric systems and efficacy as vaccines in mice. Vet Microbiol 118: 124-132
53. Fastier LB, Hansen NF (1964) An adjuvant vaccine against infectious canine hepatitis. N Z Vet J 12: 89-91
54. Fenske DB, Cullis PR (2008) Liposomal nanomedicines. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 5: 25-44
55. Foldvari M, Kumar P, King M et al (2006) Gene delivery into human skin in vitro using biphasic lipid vesicles. Curr Drug Deliv 3: 89-93
56. Freund J, Lipton MM, Pisani TM (1948) Immune response to rabies vaccine in water-in-oil emulsion. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 68: 609
57. Fries LF, Montemarano AD, Mallett CP et al (2001) Safety and immunogenicity of a proteosome-Shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide vaccine administered intranasally to healthy adults. Infect Immun 69: 4545-4553
58. Fujita Y, Taguchi H (2011) Current status of multiple antigen-presenting peptide vaccine systems: application of organic and inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Cent J 5: 48
59. Fundueanu G, Constantin M, Bortolotti F et al (2007) Cellulose acetate butyrate-pH/thermosensitive polymer microcapsules containing aminated poly(vinyl alcohol) microspheres for oral administration of DNA. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 66: 11-20
60. Futaki S, Masui Y, Nakase I et al (2005) Unique features of a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide that improves the transfection efficiency of cationic liposomes. J Gene Med 7: 1450-1458
61. Fynan EF, Webster RG, Fuller DH et al (1993) DNA vaccines: protective immunizations by parenteral, mucosal, and gene-gun inoculations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 11478-11482
62. Galimi F, Verma IM (2002) Opportunities for the use of lentiviral vectors in human gene therapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 261: 245-254
63. Gao X, Huang L (1995) Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer. Gene Ther 2: 710-722
64. Garg T, Singh O, Arora S et al (2012) Scaffold: a novel carrier for cell and drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 29: 1-63
65. Gaucher G, Dufresne MH, Sant VP et al (2005) Block copolymer micelles: preparation, characterization and application in drug delivery. J Control Release 109: 169-188
66. Gaudreau MC, Lacasse P, Talbot BG (2007) Protective immune responses to a multi-gene DNA vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus. Vaccine 25: 814-824
67. Gengoux C, Leclerc C (1995) In vivo induction of CD4+ T cell responses by antigens covalently linked to synthetic microspheres does not require adjuvant. Int Immunol 7: 45-53
68. Gilbert PB, Chiu YL, AllenMet al (2003) Long-term safety analysis of preventive HIV-1 vaccines evaluated in AIDS vaccine evaluation group NIAID-sponsored Phase I and II clinical trials. Vaccine 21: 2933-2947
69. Gjessing MC, Falk K, Weli SC et al (2012) A sequential study of incomplete Freund’s adjuvantinduced peritonitis in Atlantic cod. Fish Shellfish Immunol 32: 141-150
70. Gluck R, Mischler R, Brantschen S et al (1992) Immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virus virosome vaccine delivery system for immunization against hepatitis A. J Clin Invest 90: 2491-2495
71. Goff SP, Berg P (1976) Construction of hybrid viruses containing SV40 and lambda phage DNA segments and their propagation in cultured monkey cells. Cell 9: 695-705
72. Goldenthal KL, Vaillancourt JM, Geber A et al (1998) Preventive HIV type 1 vaccine clinical trials: a regulatory perspective. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 14(Suppl 3): S333-S340
73. Gordon SN, Kines RC, Kutsyna G et al (2012) Targeting the vaginal mucosa with human papillomavirus pseudovirion vaccines delivering simian immunodeficiency virus DNA. J Immunol 188: 714-723
74. Gregoriadis G, Saffie R, De Souza JB (1997) Liposome-mediated DNA vaccination. FEBS Lett 402: 107-110
75. Gupta RK (1998) Aluminum compounds as vaccine adjuvants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 32: 155-172
76. Gupta RK, Siber GR (1995) Adjuvants for human vaccines - current status, problems and future prospects. Vaccine 13: 1263-1276
77. Gupta RK, Relyveld EH, Lindblad EB et al (1993) Adjuvants - a balance between toxicity and adjuvanticity. Vaccine 11: 293-306
78. Gupta RK, Rost BE, Relyveld E et al (1995) Adjuvant properties of aluminum and calcium compounds. Pharm Biotechnol 6: 229-248
79. Gupta RK, Varanelli CL, Griffin P et al (1996) Adjuvant properties of non-phospholipid liposomes (Novasomes) in experimental animals for human vaccine antigens. Vaccine 14(3): 219-225
80. Gupta S, Gabrani R, Ali J et al (2011) Exploring novel approaches to vaginal drug delivery. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul 5: 82-94
81. Gustafsson C, Govindarajan S, Minshull J (2004) Codon bias and heterologous protein expression. Trends Biotechnol 22: 346-353
82. Hanson JA, Chang CB, Graves SM et al (2008) Nanoscale double emulsions stabilized by singlecomponent block copolypeptides. Nature 455: 85-88
83. He F, Ho Y, Yu L et al (2008) WSSV ie1 promoter is more efficient than CMV promoter to express H5 hemagglutinin from influenza virus in baculovirus as a chicken vaccine. BMC Microbiol 8: 238
84. Heath PT (1998) Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines: a review of efficacy data. Pediatr Infect Dis J 17: S117-S122
85. Helgeby A, Robson NC, Donachie AM et al (2006) The combined CTA1-DD/ISCOM adjuvant vector promotes priming of mucosal and systemic immunity to incorporated antigens by specific targeting of B cells. J Immunol 176: 3697-3706
86. Hem SL, White JL (1995) Structure and properties of aluminum-containing adjuvants. Pharm Biotechnol 6: 249-276
87. Herrmann JE, Chen SC, Jones DH et al (1999) Immune responses and protection obtained by oral immunization with rotavirus VP4 and VP7 DNA vaccines encapsulated in microparticles. Virology 259: 148-153
88. Higgins D, Marshall JD, Traquina P et al (2007) Immunostimulatory DNA as a vaccine adjuvant. Expert Rev Vaccines 6: 747-759
89. Hirao LA, Wu L, Khan AS et al (2008) Intradermal/subcutaneous immunization by electroporation improves plasmid vaccine delivery and potency in pigs and rhesus macaques. Vaccine 26: 440-448
90. Holt PG, Haining S, Nelson DJ et al (1994) Origin and steady-state turnover of class II MHCbearing dendritic cells in the epithelium of the conducting airways. J Immunol 153: 256-261
91. Hu K, Dou J, Yu F et al (2011) An ocular mucosal administration of nanoparticles containing DNA vaccine pRSC-gD-IL-21 confers protection against mucosal challenge with herpes simplex virus type 1 in mice. Vaccine 29: 1455-1462
92. Hunter R, Olsen M, Buynitzky S (1991) Adjuvant activity of non-ionic block copolymers. IV. Effect of molecular weight and formulation on titre and isotype of antibody. Vaccine 9 (4): 250-256
93. Hussain A, Ahsan F (2005) The vagina as a route for systemic drug delivery. J Control Release 103: 301-313
94. Imoto J, Konishi E (2005) Needle-free jet injection of a mixture of Japanese encephalitis DNA and protein vaccines: a strategy to effectively enhance immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine in a murine model. Viral Immunol 18: 205-212
95. Iqbal M, Lin W, Jabbal-Gill I et al (2003) Nasal delivery of chitosan-DNA plasmid expressing epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induces protective CTL responses in BALB/c mice. Vaccine 21: 1478-1485
96. Jabbari E (2004) Release characteristics of a model plasmid DNA encapsulated in biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol fumarate)/acrylamide hydrogel microspheres. J Microencapsul 21: 525-538
97. Jain S, Singh P, Mishra V et al (2005) Mannosylated niosomes as adjuvant-carrier system for oral genetic immunization against hepatitis B. Immunol Lett 101: 41-49
98. Jain AK, Goyal AK, Gupta PN et al (2009) Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of novel triblock copolymer based nanoparticles for vaccine delivery against hepatitis B. J Control Release 136: 161-169
99. Jennings GT, Bachmann MF (2008) The coming of age of virus-like particle vaccines. Biol Chem 389: 521-536
100. Kabanov AV, Batrakova EV, Alakhov VY (2002) Pluronic block copolymers as novel polymer therapeutics for drug and gene delivery. J Control Release 82(2-3): 189-212
101. Kale AA, Torchilin VP (2007) Enhanced transfection of tumor cells in vivo using "Smart” pHsensitive TAT-modified pegylated liposomes. J Drug Target 15: 538-545
102. Kang ML, Jiang HL, Kang SG et al (2007) Pluronic F127 enhances the effect as an adjuvant of chitosan microspheres in the intranasal delivery of Bordetella bronchiseptica antigens containing dermonecrotoxin. Vaccine 25: 4602-4610
103. Katre NV, Asherman J, Schaefer H et al (1998) Multivesicular liposome (DepoFoam) technology for the sustained delivery of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). J Pharm Sci 87: 1341-1346
104. Kaur R, Rauthan M, Vrati S (2004) Immunogenicity in mice of a cationic microparticle-adsorbed plasmid DNA encoding Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein. Vaccine 22: 2776-2782
105. Khan AA, Jabeen M, Chauhan A et al (2012) Vaccine potential of cytosolic proteins loaded fibrin microspheres of Cryptococcus neoformans in BALB/c mice. J Drug Target 20: 453-466
106. Khatri K, Goyal AK, Gupta PN et al (2008) Plasmid DNA loaded chitosan nanoparticles for nasal mucosal immunization against hepatitis B. Int J Pharm 354: 235-241
107. Khosroshahi KH, Ghaffarifar F, Sharifi Z et al (2012) Comparing the effect of IL-12 genetic adjuvant and alum non-genetic adjuvant on the efficiency of the cocktail DNA vaccine containing plasmids encoding SAG-1 and ROP-2 of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res 111: 403-411
108. Kodama S, Hirano T, Noda K et al (2011) Nasal immunization with plasmid DNA encoding P6 protein and immunostimulatory complexes elicits nontypeable Haemophilus influenzaespecific long-term mucosal immune responses in the nasopharynx. Vaccine 29: 1881-1890
109. Koping-Hoggard M, Sanchez A, Alonso MJ (2005) Nanoparticles as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. Expert Rev Vaccines 4: 185-196
110. Kutzler MA, Weiner DB (2008) DNA vaccines: ready for prime time? Nat Rev Genet 9: 776-788
111. Lai MD, Chen CS, Yang CR et al (2010) An HDAC inhibitor enhances the antitumor activity of a CMV promoter-driven DNA vaccine. Cancer Gene Ther 17: 203-211
112. Lau MT (2011) Parenteral nutrition in the malnourished: dialysis, cancer, obese, and hyperemesis gravidarum patients. J Infus Nurs 34: 315-318
113. Lawrence G, Cheng QQ, Reed C et al (2000) Effect of vaccination with 3 recombinant asexualstage malaria antigens on initial growth rates of Plasmodium falciparum in non-immune volunteers. Vaccine 18: 1925-1931
114. Lehtinen J, Hyvonen Z, Subrizi A et al (2008) Glycosaminoglycan-resistant and pH-sensitive lipid-coated DNA complexes produced by detergent removal method. J Control Release 131: 145-149
115. Levine DH, Ghoroghchian PP, Freudenberg J et al (2008) Polymersomes: a new multi-functional tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Methods 46: 25-32
116. Li Z, Hu N (2002) Assembly of electroactive layer-by-layer films of myoglobin and ionomer poly (ester sulfonic acid). J Colloid Interface Sci 254: 257-265
117. Liang ZW, Ren H, Lang YH et al (2004) Enhancement of a hepatitis B DNA vaccine potency using aluminum phosphate in mice. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 12: 79-81
118. Lidgate DM, Fu RC, Byars NE et al (1989) Formulation of vaccine adjuvant muramyldipeptides. 3. Processing optimization, characterization, and bioactivity of an emulsion vehicle. Pharm Res 6: 748-752
119. Lidgate DM, Trattner T, Shultz RM et al (1992) Sterile filtration of a parenteral emulsion. Pharm Res 9: 860-863
120. Lien YH, Lai LW (2002) Gene therapy for renal disorders: what are the benefits for the elderly? Drugs Aging 19: 553-560
121. Liu L, Zern MA, Lizarzaburu ME et al (2003) Poly(cationic lipid)-mediated in vivo gene delivery to mouse liver. Gene Ther 10: 180-187
122. Lodmell DL, Ray NB, Ewalt LC (2000) DNA immunization in combination with the immunostimulant monophosphoryl lipid a. Methods Mol Med 29: 261-266
123. Lomas H, Johnston AP, Such GK et al (2011) Polymersome-loaded capsules for controlled release of DNA. Small 7: 2109-2119
124. Lorenzi GL, Lee KD (2005) Enhanced plasmid DNA delivery using anionic LPDII by listeriolysin O incorporation. J Gene Med 7: 1077-1085
125. Lou Y, Olson WP, Tian XX et al (1995) Interaction between fibronectin-bearing surfaces and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or gelatin microparticles. J Pharm Pharmacol 47: 177-181
126. Lou PJ, Cheng WF, Chung YC et al (2009) PMMA particle-mediated DNA vaccine for cervical cancer. J Biomed Mater Res A 88: 849-857
127. Lu Y, Kawakami S, Yamashita F et al (2007) Development of an antigen-presenting cell-targeted DNA vaccine against melanoma by mannosylated liposomes. Biomaterials 28: 3255-3262
128. Luo Z, Shi H, Zhang H et al (2012) Plasmid DNA containing multiple CpG motifs triggers a strong immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen when combined with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant but not aluminum hydroxide. Mol Med Rep 6: 1309-1314
129. Maclean A, Symonds G, Ward R (1997) Immunoliposomes as targeted delivery vehicles for cancer therapeutics (Review). Int J Oncol 11: 325-332
130. Mahe B, Vogt A, Liard C et al (2009) Nanoparticle-based targeting of vaccine compounds to skin antigen-presenting cells by hair follicles and their transport in mice. J Invest Dermatol 129: 1156-1164
131. Mahor S, Rawat A, Dubey PK et al (2007) Cationic transfersomes based topical genetic vaccine against hepatitis B. Int J Pharm 340: 13-19
132. Makidon PE, Bielinska AU, Nigavekar SS et al (2008) Pre-clinical evaluation of a novel nanoemulsion-based hepatitis B mucosal vaccine. PLoS One 3: e2954
133. Manam S, Ledwith BJ, Barnum AB et al (2000) Plasmid DNA vaccines: tissue distribution and effects of DNA sequence, adjuvants and delivery method on integration into host DNA. Intervirology 43: 273-281
134. Manesis EK, Cameron CH, Gregoriadis G (1978) Incorporation of hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) into liposomes. Biochem Soc Trans 6: 925-928
135. Mannino RJ, Gould-Fogerite S (1995) Lipid matrix-based vaccines for mucosal and systemic immunization. Pharm Biotechnol 6: 363-387
136. Mannino RJ, Canki M, Feketeova E et al (1998) Targeting immune response induction with cochleate and liposome-based vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 32: 273-287
137. Mannisto M, Vanderkerken S, Toncheva V et al (2002) Structure-activity relationships of poly(Llysines): effects of pegylation and molecular shape on physicochemical and biological properties in gene delivery. J Control Release 83: 169-182
138. Marichal T, Ohata K, Bedoret D et al (2011) DNA released from dying host cells mediates aluminum adjuvant activity. Nat Med 17: 996-1002
139. Martin KR, Klein RL, Quigley HA (2002) Gene delivery to the eye using adeno-associated viral vectors. Methods 28: 267-275
140. Mccormack PL, Joura EA (2011) Spotlight on quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine(Gardasil(R)) in the prevention of premalignant genital lesions, genital cancer, and genital warts in women. BioDrugs 25: 339-343
141. Mcilroy D, Barteau B, Cany J et al (2009) DNA/amphiphilic block copolymer nanospheres promote low-dose DNA vaccination. Mol Ther 17: 473-1481
142. Mctaggart S, Al-Rubeai M (2002) Retroviral vectors for human gene delivery. Biotechnol Adv 20: 1-31
143. Mehier-Humbert S, Guy RH (2005) Physical methods for gene transfer: improving the kinetics of gene delivery into cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 57: 733-753
144. Merdan T, Kopecek J, Kissel T (2002) Prospects for cationic polymers in gene and oligonucleotide therapy against cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54: 715-758
145. Mignet N, Richard C, Seguin J et al (2008) Anionic pH-sensitive pegylated lipoplexes to deliver DNA to tumors. Int J Pharm 361: 194-201
146. Moore A, Mcguirk P, Adams S et al (1995) Immunization with a soluble recombinant HIV protein entrapped in biodegradable microparticles induces HIV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD4+ Th1 cells. Vaccine 13: 1741-1749
147. Moravec T, Schmidt MA, Herman EM et al (2007) Production of Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (LT) B subunit in soybean seed and analysis of its immunogenicity as an oral vaccine. Vaccine 25: 1647-1657
148. Naito T, Kaneko Y, Kozbor D (2007) Oral vaccination with modified vaccinia virus Ankara attached covalently to TMPEG-modified cationic liposomes overcomes pre-existing poxvirus immunity from recombinant vaccinia immunization. J Gen Virol 88: 61-70
149. Nakanishi M, Noguchi A (2001) Confocal and probe microscopy to study gene transfection mediated by cationic liposomes with a cationic cholesterol derivative. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 52: 197-207
150. Nakase I, Kogure K, Harashima H et al (2011) Application of a fusiogenic peptide GALA for intracellular delivery. Methods Mol Biol 683: 525-533
151. Nasir A (2009) Nanotechnology in vaccine development: a step forward. J Invest Dermatol 129: 1055-1059
152. Nesburn AB, Ramos TV, Zhu X et al (2005) Local and systemic B cell and Th1 responses induced following ocular mucosal delivery of multiple epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D together with cytosine-phosphate-guanine adjuvant. Vaccine 23: 873-883
153. Newman MJ, Powell MF (1995) Immunological and formulation design considerations for subunit vaccines. Pharm Biotechnol 6: 1-42
154. Newman MJ, Actor JK, Balusubramanian M et al (1998) Use of nonionic block copolymers in vaccines and therapeutics. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 15: 89-142
155. Niederhafner P, Sebestik J, Jezek J (2008) Glycopeptide dendrimers. Part I. J Pept Sci 14: 2-43
156. Nobes GA, Marchessault RH, Maysinger D (1998) Polyhydroxyalkanoates: materials for delivery systems. Drug Deliv 5: 167-177
157. Okamoto T, Kaneda Y, Yuzuki D et al (1997) Induction of antibody response to human tumor antigens by gene therapy using a fusigenic viral liposome vaccine. Gene Ther 4: 969-976
158. Oliveira ML, Areas AP, Ho PL (2007) Intranasal vaccines for protection against respiratory and systemic bacterial infections. Expert Rev Vaccines 6: 419-429
159. Oliveira CR, Rezende CM, Silva MR et al (2012) Oral vaccination based on DNA-chitosan nanoparticles against Schistosoma mansoni infection. ScientificWorldJournal 2012: 938457
160. Ott GL (1966) Hamster cell culture rabies vaccine. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 61: 452-454
161. Ott G, Barchfeld GL, Chernoff D et al (1995) MF59. Design and evaluation of a safe and potent adjuvant for human vaccines. Pharm Biotechnol 6: 277-296
162. Panyam J, Labhasetwar V (2003) Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery to cells and tissue. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55(3): 329-347
163. Papahadjopoulos D, Vail WJ, Jacobson K et al (1975) Cochleate lipid cylinders: formation by fusion of unilamellar lipid vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 394: 483-491
164. Parekh HS (2007) The advance of dendrimers - a versatile targeting platform for gene/drug delivery. Curr Pharm Des 13: 2837-2850
165. Park JS, Oh YK, Yoon H et al (2002) In situ gelling and mucoadhesive polymer vehicles for controlled intranasal delivery of plasmid DNA. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 144-151
166. Park JS, Oh YK, Kang MJ et al (2003) Enhanced mucosal and systemic immune responses following intravaginal immunization with human papillomavirus 16 L1 virus-like particle vaccine in thermosensitive mucoadhesive delivery systems. J Med Virol 70: 633-641
167. Patel GB, Chen W (2005) Archaeosome immunostimulatory vaccine delivery system. Curr Drug Deliv 2: 407-421
168. Patel GB, Sprott GD (1999) Archaeobacterial ether lipid liposomes (archaeosomes) as novel vaccine and drug delivery systems. Crit Rev Biotechnol 19: 317-357
169. Patil SD, Rhodes DG, Burgess DJ (2004) Anionic liposomal delivery system for DNA transfection. AAPS J 6: e29
170. Pearse MJ, Drane D (2005) ISCOMATRIX adjuvant for antigen delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 57: 465-474
171. Perrie Y, Gregoriadis G (2000) Liposome-entrapped plasmid DNA: characterisation studies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1475: 125-132
172. Pichichero ME (2008) Improving vaccine delivery using novel adjuvant systems. Hum Vaccin 4: 262-270
173. Pietersz GA, Tang CK, Apostolopoulos V (2006) Structure and design of polycationic carriers for gene delivery. Mini Rev Med Chem 6: 1285-1298
174. Porgador A, Irvine KR, Iwasaki A et al (1998) Predominant role for directly transfected dendritic cells in antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells after gene gun immunization. J Exp Med 188: 1075-1082
175. Pourasgari F, Ahmadian S, Salmanian AH et al (2009) Low cytotoxicity effect of dendrosome as an efficient carrier for rotavirus VP2 gene transferring into a human lung cell line: dendrosome, as a novel intranasally gene porter. Mol Biol Rep 36: 105-109
176. Pouton CW, Lucas P, Thomas BJ et al (1998) Polycation-DNA complexes for gene delivery: a comparison of the biopharmaceutical properties of cationic polypeptides and cationic lipids. J Control Release 53: 289-299
177. Qureshi N, Mascagni P, Ribi E et al (1985) Monophosphoryl lipid A obtained from lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella minnesota R595. Purification of the dimethyl derivative by high performance liquid chromatography and complete structural determination. J Biol Chem 260: 5271-5278
178. Raghuwanshi D, Mishra V, Das D et al (2012) Dendritic cell targeted chitosan nanoparticles for nasal DNA immunization against SARS CoV nucleocapsid protein. Mol Pharm 9: 946-956
179. Rajesh Kumar S, Ishaq Ahmed VP, Parameswaran V et al (2008) Potential use of chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery of DNA vaccine in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) to protect from Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum. Fish Shellfish Immunol 25: 47-56
180. Reddy JA, Low PS (2000) Enhanced folate receptor mediated gene therapy using a novel pHsensitive lipid formulation. J Control Release 64: 27-37
181. Reissmann S, Gillen CM, Fulde M et al (2012) Region specific and worldwide distribution of collagen-binding M proteins with PARF motifs among human pathogenic streptococcal isolates. PLoS One 7: e30122
182. Rethore G, Montier T, Le Gall T et al (2007) Archaeosomes based on synthetic tetraether-like lipids as novel versatile gene delivery systems. Chem Commun (Camb)(20): 2054-2056
183. Ribeiro S, Rijpkema SG, Durrani Z et al (2007) PLGA-dendron nanoparticles enhance immunogenicity but not lethal antibody production of a DNA vaccine against anthrax in mice. Int J Pharm 331: 228-232
184. Rice-Ficht AC, Arenas-Gamboa AM, Kahl-McDonagh MM, Ficht TA (2010) Polymeric particles in vaccine delivery. Curr Opin Microbiol 13(1): 106-112
185. Roberts LK, Barr LJ, Fuller DH et al (2005) Clinical safety and efficacy of a powdered Hepatitis B nucleic acid vaccine delivered to the epidermis by a commercial prototype device. Vaccine 23: 4867-4878
186. Robinson HL, Pertmer TM (2000) DNA vaccines for viral infections: basic studies and applications. Adv Virus Res 55: 1-74
187. Roodbari F, Sabahi F, Sarbolouki MN et al (2012) Immune responses against a new HIV-1 p24-gp41/pCAGGS-IL-12 DNA vaccine in Balb/c mice. Iran J Immunol 9: 86-97
188. Roos AK, Moreno S, Leder C et al (2006) Enhancement of cellular immune response to a prostate cancer DNA vaccine by intradermal electroporation. Mol Ther 13: 320-327
189. Ruprecht RM (1999) Live attenuated AIDS viruses as vaccines: promise or peril? Immunol Rev 170: 135-149
190. Sakoda Y, Okamatsu M, Isoda N et al (2012) Purification of human and avian influenza viruses using cellulose sulfate ester (Cellufine Sulfate) in the process of vaccine production. Microbiol Immunol 56: 490-495
191. Salk JE, Bailey ML, Laurent AM (1952) The use of adjuvants in studies on influenza immunization. II. Increased antibody formation in human subjects inoculated with influenza virus vaccine in a water in-oil emulsion. Am J Hyg 55: 439-456
192. Sasaki S, Tsuji T, Hamajima K et al (1997) Monophosphoryl lipid A enhances both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to DNA vaccination against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Infect Immun 65: 3520-3528
193. Saupe A, Mcburney W, Rades T et al (2006) Immunostimulatory colloidal delivery systems for cancer vaccines. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 3: 345-354
194. Schirmbeck R, Melber K, Reimann J (1995) Hepatitis B virus small surface antigen particles are processed in a novel endosomal pathway for major histocompatibility complex class Irestricted epitope presentation. Eur J Immunol 25: 1063-1070
195. Scott EA, Stano A, Gillard M et al (2012) Dendritic cell activation and T cell priming with adjuvant- and antigen-loaded oxidation-sensitive polymersomes. Biomaterials 33: 6211-6219
196. Sebestik J, Niederhafner P, Jezek J (2011) Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers and analogous dendrimeric structures and their biomedical applications. Amino Acids 40: 301-370
197. Seo KY, Han SJ, Cha HR et al (2010) Eye mucosa: an efficient vaccine delivery route for inducing protective immunity. J Immunol 185: 3610-3619
198. Sharma S, Mukkur TK, Benson HA et al (2009) Pharmaceutical aspects of intranasal delivery of vaccines using particulate systems. J Pharm Sci 98: 812-843
199. Shigeta K, Kawakami S, Higuchi Y et al (2007) Novel histidine-conjugated galactosylated cationic liposomes for efficient hepatocyte-selective gene transfer in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. J Control Release 118: 262-270
200. Shu Q, Hillard MA, Bindon BM et al (2000) Effects of various adjuvants on efficacy of a vaccine against Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus spp. in cattle. Am J Vet Res 61: 839-843
201. Singh SK, Bisen PS (2006) Adjuvanticity of stealth liposomes on the immunogenicity of synthetic gp41 epitope of HIV-1. Vaccine 24: 4161-4166
202. Slavuljica I, Busche A, Babic M et al (2010) Recombinant mouse cytomegalovirus expressing a ligand for the NKG2D receptor is attenuated and has improved vaccine properties. J Clin Invest 120: 4532-4545
203. Slutter B, Hagenaars N, Jiskoot W (2008) Rational design of nasal vaccines. J Drug Target 16: 1-17
204. Somavarapu S, Bramwell VW, Alpar HO (2003) Oral plasmid DNA delivery systems for genetic immunisation. J Drug Target 11: 547-553
205. Spang HC, Braathen R, Bogen B (2012) Heterodimeric barnase-barstar vaccine molecules: influence of one versus two targeting units specific for antigen presenting cells. PLoS One 7: e45393
206. Streilein JW, Ksander BR, Taylor AW (1997) Immune deviation in relation to ocular immune privilege. J Immunol 158: 3557-3560
207. Strindelius L, Folkesson A, Normark S et al (2004) Immunogenic properties of the Salmonella atypical fimbriae in BALB/c mice. Vaccine 22: 1448-1456
208. Tang MX, Szoka FC (1997) The influence of polymer structure on the interactions of cationic polymers with DNA and morphology of the resulting complexes. Gene Ther 4: 823-832
209. Tang DC, Devit M, Johnston SA (1992) Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response. Nature 356: 152-154
210. Tang R, Palumbo RN, Nagarajan L et al (2010) Well-defined block copolymers for gene delivery to dendritic cells: probing the effect of polycation chain-length. J Control Release 142: 229-237
211. Tanzer FL, Shephard EG, Palmer KE et al (2011) The porcine circovirus type 1 capsid gene promoter improves antigen expression and immunogenicity in a HIV-1 plasmid vaccine. Virol J 8: 51
212. Temmerman S, Pethe K, Parra M et al (2004) Methylation-dependent T cell immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin. Nat Med 10: 935-941
213. Thapar MA, Parr EL, Bozzola JJ et al (1991) Secretory immune responses in the mouse vagina after parenteral or intravaginal immunization with an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM). Vaccine 9: 129-133
214. Tian S, Liu Z, Donahue C et al (2012) Genetic targeting of the active transcription factor XBP1s to dendritic cells potentiates vaccine-induced prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor immunity. Mol Ther 20: 432-442
215. Toledo H, Baly A, Castro O et al (2001) A phase I clinical trial of a multi-epitope polypeptide TAB9 combined with Montanide ISA 720 adjuvant in non-HIV-1 infected human volunteers. Vaccine 19: 4328-4336
216. Tran MA, Gowda R, Sharma A et al (2008) Targeting V600EB-Raf and Akt3 using nanoliposomal-small interfering RNA inhibits cutaneous melanocytic lesion development. Cancer Res 68: 7638-7649
217. Twaites BR, De Las Heras Alarcon C, LavigneMet al (2005) Thermoresponsive polymers as gene delivery vectors: cell viability, DNA transport and transfection studies. J Control Release 108: 472-483
218. Ulmer JB, Donnelly JJ, Parker SE et al (1993) Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein. Science 259: 1745-1749
219. Un K, Kawakami S, Suzuki R et al (2010) Development of an ultrasound-responsive and mannosemodified gene carrier for DNA vaccine therapy. Biomaterials 31: 7813-7826
220. Van Drunen Littel-Van Den Hurk S, Babiuk SL, Babiuk LA (2004) Strategies for improved formulation and delivery of DNA vaccines to veterinary target species. Immunol Rev 199: 113-125
221. Venugopalan P, Jain S, Sankar S et al (2002) pH-sensitive liposomes: mechanism of triggered release to drug and gene delivery prospects. Pharmazie 57: 659-671
222. Verheul RJ, Slutter B, Bal SM et al (2011) Covalently stabilized trimethyl chitosan-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for nasal and intradermal vaccination. J Control Release 156: 46-52
223. Wang CY, Huang L (1987) pH-sensitive immunoliposomes mediate target-cell-specific delivery and controlled expression of a foreign gene in mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 7851-7855
224. Wang CY, Huang L (1989) Highly efficient DNA delivery mediated by pH-sensitive immunoliposomes. Biochemistry 28: 9508-9514
225. Wang B, Ugen KE, Srikantan V et al (1993) Gene inoculation generates immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 4156-4160
226. Wiwattanapatapee R, Carreno-Gomez B, Malik N et al (2000) Anionic PAMAM dendrimers rapidly cross adult rat intestine in vitro: a potential oral delivery system? Pharm Res 17: 991-998
227. Wolf JK, Jenkins AD (2002) Gene therapy for ovarian cancer (review). Int J Oncol 21: 461-468
228. Xiang SD, Scholzen A, Minigo G et al (2006) Pathogen recognition and development of particulate vaccines: does size matter? Methods 40: 1-9
229. Xu L, Huang CC, HuangWet al (2002) Systemic tumor-targeted gene delivery by anti-transferrin receptor scFv-immunoliposomes. Mol Cancer Ther 1: 337-346
230. Xu J, Dai W, Wang Z et al (2011) Intranasal vaccination with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles expressing pneumococcal surface antigen a protects mice against nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Vaccine Immunol 18: 75-81
231. Yang Y, Kuang Y, Liu Y et al (2011) Immunogenicity of multiple-epitope antigen gene of HCV carried by novel biodegradable polymers. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 34: 65-72
232. Yu YZ, Sun ZW, Yu WY (2005) Construction of DNA and RNA based on bifunctional replicon vector derived from Semliki Forest virus. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 21: 713-718
233. Yu YZ, Wang WB, Li N et al (2010) Enhanced potency of individual and bivalent DNA replicon vaccines or conventional DNA vaccines by formulation with aluminum phosphate. Biologicals 38: 658-663
234. Zhang J, Pritchard E, Hu X et al (2012) Stabilization of vaccines and antibiotics in silk and eliminating the cold chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 11981-11986
235. Zubkova I, Choi YH, Chang E et al (2009) T-cell vaccines that elicit effective immune responses against HCV in chimpanzees may create greater immune pressure for viral mutation. Vaccine 27: 2594-2602