Crowdsourcing consumer research

Journal of Consumer Research

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 196-210

  Goodman, Joseph K ^a   Paolacci, Gabriele ^b  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b ERASMUS UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Crowdsourcing; Data collection; Mechanical Turk; MTurk; Sampling

Indexed keywords

EID: 85020111418     PISSN: 00935301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jcr/ucx047     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Alba, Joseph W. (2012), "In Defense of Bumbling," Journal of Consumer Research, 38 (6), 981-7.
2. Arditte, Kimberly A., Demet Çek, Ashley M. Shaw, and Kiara R. Timpano (2015), "The Importance of Assessing Clinical Phenomena in Mechanical Turk Research," Psychological Assessment, 28 (6), 684-91.
3. Battaglia, Michael P., David C. Hoaglin, and Martin R. Frankel (2013), "Practical Considerations in Raking Survey Data," Survey Practice, 2 (5).
4. Baumeister, Roy F., Kathleen D. Vohs, and David C. Funder (2007), "Psychology as the Science of Self-Reports and Finger Movements: Whatever Happened to Actual Behavior?" Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2 (4), 396-403.
5. Behrend, Tara S., David J. Sharek, Adam W. Meade, and Eric N. Wiebe (2011), "The Viability of Crowdsourcing for Survey Research," Behavioral Research Methods, 43 (3), 800-13.
6. Berinsky, Adam J., Gregory A. Huber, and Gabriel S. Lenz (2012), "Evaluating Online Labor Markets for Experimental Research: Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk," Political Analysis, 20 (3), 351-68.
7. Bohannon, John (2011), "Social Science for Pennies," Science, 334 (21), 307.
8. Boynton, Marcella H. and Laura Smart Richman (2014), "An Online Daily Diary Study of Alcohol Use Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk" Drug and Alcohol Review, 33 (4), 456-61.
9. Buhrmester, Michael, Tracy Kwang, and Samuel D. Gosling (2011), "Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data?" Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 6 (1), 3-5.
10. Calder, Bobby J., Lynn W. Phillips, and Alice M. Tybout (1981), "Designing Research for Application," Journal of Consumer Research, 8 (2), 197-207.
11. Calder, Bobby J., Lynn W. Phillips, and Alice M. Tybout (1982), "The Concept of External Validity," Journal of Consumer Research, 9 (3), 240-44.
12. Calder, Bobby J., Lynn W. Phillips, and Alice M. Tybout (1983), "Beyond External Validity," Journal of Consumer Research, 10 (1), 112-14.
13. Casey, Logan, Jesse, Chandler, Adam, Levine, Andrew, Proctor, and Strolovitch, Dara (2017), "Demographic Characteristics of a Large Sample of US Workers," Sage Open, forthcoming.
14. Casler, Krista, Lydia Bickel, and Elizabeth Hackett (2013), "Separate but Equal? A Comparison of Participants and Data Gathered via Amazon's MTurk, Social Media, and Face-to-Face Behavioral Testing," Computers in Human Behavior, 29 (6), 2156-60.
15. Cavanagh, Thomas M. (2014), "Cheating on Online Assessment Tests: Prevalence and Impact on Validity," PhD thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
16. Chandler, Dana and Adam Kapelner (2013), "Breaking Monotony with Meaning: Motivation in Crowdsourcing Markets," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 90 (October), 90123-33.
17. Chandler, Jesse, Pam Mueller, and Gabriele Paolacci (2014), "Nonnaïveté among Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers: Consequences and Solutions for Behavioral Researchers," Behavior Research Methods, 46 (1), 112-30.
18. Chandler, Jesse and Gabriele Paolacci (2017), "Lie for a Dime: When Most Prescreening Responses Are Honest but Most Study Participants Are Imposters," Social Psychological and Personality Science, forthcoming.
19. Chandler, Jesse, Gabriele Paolacci, Pam Mueller, Eyal Peer, and Kate A. Ratliff(2015), "Using Nonnaïve Participants Can Reduce Effect Sizes," Psychological Science, 26 (7), 1131-9.
20. Chandler, Jesse and Danielle Shapiro (2016), "Conducting Clinical Research Using Crowdsourced Convenience Samples," Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12 (1), 53-81.
21. Chen, Daniel L., Martin Schonger, and Chris Wickens (2016), "oTree-An Open-Source Platform for Laboratory, Online, and Field Experiments," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 9 (January), 88-97.
22. Cheng, Shiwei, Zhiqiang Sun, Xiaojuan Ma, Jodi L. Forlizzi, Scott E. Hudson, and Anind Dey (2015), "Social Eye Tracking: Gaze Recall with Online Crowds," in Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, New York: ACM, 454-63.
23. Chilton, Lydia B., John J. Horton, Robert C. Miller, and Shiri Azenkot (2010), "Task Search in a Human Computation Market," in Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Human Computation, New York: ACM, 1-9.
24. Clifford, Scott and Jennifer Jerit (2014), "Is There a Cost to Convenience? An Experimental Comparison of Data Quality in Laboratory and Online Studies," Journal of Experimental Political Science, 1 (2), 120-31.
25. Connell, Paul M., Merrie Brucks, and Jesper H. Nielsen (2014), "How Childhood Advertising Exposure Can Create Biased Product Evaluations That Persist into Adulthood," Journal of Consumer Research, 41 (1), 119-34.
26. Connors, Scott, Mansur Khamitov, Sarah Moroz, Lorne Campbell, and Claire Henderson (2016), "Time, Money, and Happiness: Does Putting a Price on Time Affect Our Ability to Smell the Roses?" Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67 (November), 60-4.
27. Cooper, Emily A. and Hany Farid (2014), "Does the Sun Revolve Around the Earth? A Comparison Between the General Public and Online Survey Respondents in Basic Scientific Knowledge, Public Understanding of Science, 25 (2), 146-53.
28. Corrigan, Patrick W., Andrea B. Bink, J. Konadu Fokuo, and Annie Schmidt (2015), "The Public Stigma of Mental Illness Means a Difference Between You and Me," Psychiatry Research, 226 (1), 186-91.
29. Crump, Matthew JC, John V. McDonnell, and Todd M. Gureckis (2013), "Evaluating Amazon's Mechanical Turk as a tool for experimental behavioral research," PloS One, 8 (3).
30. Den Uyl, M. J., and H. Van Kuilenburg (2005), "The FaceReader: Online Facial Expression Recognition," in Proceedings of Measuring Behavior. 30, 589-90.
31. DeVoe, Sanford E., and Julian House (2016), "Replications with MTurkers Who Are Naïve versus Experienced with Academic Studies: A Comment on Connors, Khamitov, Moroz, Campbell, and Henderson," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67 (November), 65-7.
32. Dholakia, Utpal, Leona Tam, Sunyee Yoon, and Nancy Wong (2016), "The Ant and the Grasshopper: Understanding Personal Saving Orientation of Consumers," Journal of Consumer Research, 43 (1), 134-55.
33. Duarte, José L, Jarret T. Crawford, Charlotta Stern, Jonathan Haidt, Lee Jussim, and Philip E. Tetlock (2015), "Political Diversity Will Improve Social Psychological Science," Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38 (July), e130.
34. Dzhogleva, Hristina and Cait Poynor Lamberton (2014), "Should Birds of a Feather Flock Together? Understanding Self-Control Decisions in Dyads," Journal of Consumer Research, 41 (2), 361-80.
35. Eriksson, Kimmo (2013), "Autism-Spectrum Traits Predict Humor Styles in the General Population," Humor, 26 (3), 461-75.
36. Eriksson, Kimmo and Brent Simpson (2010), "Emotional Reactions to Losing Explain Gender Differences in Entering a Risky Lottery," Judgment and Decision Making, 5 (3), 159.
37. Feitosa, Jennifer, Dana L. Joseph, and Daniel A. Newman (2015), "Crowdsourcing and Personality Measurement Equivalence: A Warning about Countries Whose Primary Language Is not English," Personality and Individual Differences, 75 (March), 47-52.
38. Ferber, Robert (1977), "Research by Convenience," Journal of Consumer Research, 4 (1), 57-8.
39. Fergus, Thomas A. and Wade C. Rowatt (2015), "Uncertainty, God, and Scrupulosity: Uncertainty Salience and Priming God Concepts Interact to Cause Greater Fears of Sin," Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 46, 93-98.
40. Fort, Karën, Gilles Adda, and K. Bretonnel Cohen (2011), "Amazon Mechanical Turk: Gold Mine or Coal Mine?" Computational Linguistics, 37 (2), 413-20.
41. Frederick, Shane (2005), "Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19 (4), 25-42.
42. Gleibs, Ilka H. (2016), "Are All 'Research Fields' Equal? Rethinking Practice for the Use of Data from Crowdsourcing Market Places," Behavior Research Methods (August).
43. Gneezy, Uri and Alex Imas (2016), "Lab in the Field: Measuring Preferences in the Wild," in Handbook of Field Experiments, ed. Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
44. Goel, Sharad, Adam Obeng, and David Rothschild (2015), "Non-Representative Surveys: Fast, Cheap, and Mostly Accurate," working paper, Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.e.
45. Goldstein, Daniel (2016), "Presidential Address," Society for Judgment and Decision Making Annual Conference, Boston, MA, November 19.
46. Goodman, Joseph K., Cynthia Cryder, and Amar Cheema (2013), "Data Collection in a Flat World: The Strengths and Weaknesses of Mechanical Turk Samples," Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 26 (3), 213-24.
47. Goodman, Joseph K., Selin A. Malkoc, and Brittney Stephenson (2016), "Celebrate or Commemorate? A Material Purchase Advantage When Honoring Special Life Events," Journal of the Assocation for Consumer Research, 1 (4), 497-508.
48. Gosling, Samuel D. and Winter Mason (2015), "Internet Research in Psychology," Psychology, 66.
49. Gosling, Samuel D., Simine Vazire, Sanjay Srivastava, and Oliver P. John (2004), "Should We Trust Web-based Studies? A Comparative Analysis of Six Preconceptions about Internet Questionnaires," American Psychologist, 59 (2), 93.
50. Hamerman, Eric J. and Gita V. Johar (2013), "Conditioned Superstition: Desire for Control and Consumer Brand Preferences," Journal of Consumer Research, 40 (3), 428-43.
51. Hauser, David J. and Norbert Schwarz (2015), "It's a Trap! Instructional Manipulation Checks Prompt Systematic Thinking on 'Tricky' Tasks," Sage Open (April-June), 1-6.
52. Hauser, David J. and Norbert Schwarz (2016), "Attentive Turkers: MTurk Participants Perform Better on Online Attention Checks Than Subject Pool Participants," Behavior Research Methods, 48 (1), 400-7.
53. Heinrich, Joseph, Steven J. Heine, and Ara Norenzayan (2010), "The Weirdest People in the World?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33 (2-3), 61-135.
54. Higgins, Chiara, Elizabeth McGrath, and Lailla Moretto (2010), "MTurk Crowdsourcing: A Viable Method for Rapid Discovery of Arabic Nicknames?" in Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Creating Speech and Language Data with Amazon's Mechanical Turk, Stroudsburg, PA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 89-92.
55. Holden, Christopher J., Trevor Dennie, and Adam D. Hicks (2013), "Assessing the Reliability of the M5-120 on Amazon's Mechanical Turk," Computers in Human Behavior, 29 (4), 1749-54.
56. Horton, John J. and Lydia B. Chilton (2010), "The Labor Economics of Paid Crowdsourcing," in Proceedings of the 11th Association for Computing Machinery Conference on Electronic Commerce, Cambridge, MA: ACM.
57. Horton, John J., David G. Rand, and Richard J. Zeckhauser (2011), "The Online Laboratory: Conducting Experiments in a Real Labor Market," Experimental Economics, 14 (3), 399-425.
58. Huff, Connor and Dustin Tingley (2015), "Who Are These People?" Evaluating the Demographic Characteristics and Political Preferences of MTurk Survey Respondents," Research & Politics, 2 (3), 1-12.
59. Johnson, Dan R. and Lauren A. Borden (2012), "Participants at Your Fingertips: Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk to Increase Student-Faculty Collaborative Research," Teaching of Psychology, 39 (4), 245-51.
60. Johnson, Patrick S., Evan S. Herrmann, and Matthew W. Johnson (2015), "Opportunity Costs of Reward Delays and the Discounting of Hypothetical Money and Cigarettes," Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 103 (1), 87-107.
61. Jones, Robert P. and Daniel Cox (2015), How Race and Religion Shape Millennial Attitudes on Sexuality and Reproductive Health, Washington, DC: Public Religion Research Institute.
62. Keith, Melissa G. and Peter D. Harms (2016), "Is Mechanical Turk the Answer to Our Sampling Woes?" Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9 (1), 162-7.
63. Konstam, Varda, Sara Tomek, Selda Celen-Demirtas, and Kay Sweeney (2015), "Volunteering and Reemployment Status in Unemployed Emerging Adults a Time-Worthy Investment?" Journal of Career Assessment, 23 (1), 152-65.
64. Kosara, Robert and Caroline Ziemkiewicz (2010), "Do Mechanical Turks Dream of Square Pie Charts?" in Proceedings Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods for Information Visualization (BELIV), New York: ACM, 63-70.
65. Kraut, Robert, Judith Olson, Mahzarin Banaji, Amy Bruckman, Jeffrey Cohen, and Mick Couper (2004), "Psychological Research Online: Report of Board of Scientific Affairs' Advisory Group on the Conduct of Research on the Internet," American Psychologist, 59 (2), 105.
66. Levay, Kevin E., Jeremy Freese, and James N. Druckman (2016), "The Demographic and Political Composition of Mechanical Turk Samples," Sage Open, 1-17.
67. Litman, Leib, Jonathan Robinson, and Tzvi Abberbock (2016), "TurkPrime.com: A Versatile Crowdsourcing Data Acquisition Platform for the Behavioral Sciences," Behavior Research Methods (April), 1-10.
68. Litman, Leib, Jonathan Robinson, and Cheskie Rosenzweig (2015), "The Relationship between Motivation, Monetary Compensation, and Data Quality among US- and India-based Workers on Mechanical Turk," Behavior Research Methods, 47 (2), 519-28.
69. Lynch, John G. Jr. (1982), "On the External Validity of Experiments in Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research, 9 (3), 225-39.
70. Lynch, John G. Jr. (1983), "The Role of External Validity in Theoretical Research," Journal of Consumer Research, 10 (1), 109-11.
71. Lynch, John G. Jr. (1999), "Theory and External Validity," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27 (3), 367-76.
72. Lynch, John G. Jr., Joseph W. Alba, Aradhna Krishna, Vicki Morwitz, and Zeynep Gurhan-Canli (2012), "Knowledge Creation in Consumer Research: Multiple Routes, Multiple Criteria," Journal of Consumer Psychology 22 (4), 473-85.
73. Mason, Winter and Siddharth Suri (2012), "Conducting Behavioral Research on Amazon's Mechanical Turk," Behavior Research Methods, 44 (1), 1-23.
74. Mason, Winter and Duncan J. Watts (2010), "Financial Incentives and the Performance of Crowds," in Proceedings of ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Human Computation, New York: ACM, 77-85.
75. McGrath, Joseph E., and David, Brinberg (1983), "External Validity and the Research Process: A Comment on the Calder/Lynch Dialogue," Journal of Consumer Research, 10 (1), 115-124.
76. Moore, Don A. (2016), "Preregister If you Want To," American Psychologist, 71 (3), 238-239.
77. Muender, Thomas, Matthew K. Miller, Max V. Birk, and Regan L. Mandryk (2016), "Extracting Heart Rate from Videos of Online Participants," in Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'16), New York: ACM.
78. Oppenheimer, Daniel M., Tom Meyvis, and Nicolas Davidenko (2009), "Instructional Manipulation Checks: Detecting Satisficing to Increase Statistical Power," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45 (4), 867-72.
79. Palmer, Colin J., Bryan Paton, Peter G. Enticott, and Jakob Hohwy (2015), "'Subtypes' in the Presentation of Autistic Traits in the General Adult Population," Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45 (5), 1291-301.
80. Paolacci, Gabriele and Jesse Chandler (2014), "Inside the Turk: Understanding Mechanical Turk as a Participant Pool," Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23 (3), 184-8.
81. Paolacci, Gabriele, Jesse Chandler, and Panagiotis G. Ipeirotis (2010), "Running Experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk," Judgment and Decision Making, 5 (5), 411-9.
82. Park, David K., Andrew Gelman, and Joseph Bafumi (2004), "Bayesian Multilevel Estimation with Poststratification: State-Level Estimates from National Polls," Political Analysis, 12 (4), 375-85.
83. Peer, Eyal, Gabriele Paolacci, Jesse Chandler, and Pam Mueller (2012), "Selectively Recruiting Participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk Using Qualtrics," SSRN (May), 2100631.
84. Peer, Eyal, Joachim Vosgerau, and Alessandro Acquisti (2014), "Reputation as a Sufficient Condition for Data Quality on Amazon Mechanical Turk," Behavioral Research Methods, 46 (4), 1023-31.
85. Peterson, Robert A. (2001), "On the Use of College Students in Social Science Research: Insights from a Second-Order Meta-Analysis," Journal of Consumer Research, 28 (3), 450-61.
86. Petty, Richard C. and John T. Cacioppo (1979), "Issue Involvement Can Increase or Decrease Persuasion by Enhancing Message-Relevant Cognitive Responses," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37 (10), 1915-26.
87. Petty, Richard C. and John T. Cacioppo (1996), "Addressing Disturbing and Disturbed Consumer Behavior: Is It Necessary to Change the Way We Conduct Behavioral Science?" Journal of Marketing Research, 33 (1), 1-8.
88. Pham, Michel Tuan (2013), "The Seven Sins of Consumer Psychology," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 23 (4), 411-23.
89. Ramsey, Sarah R., Kristen L. Thompson, Melissa McKenzie, Alan Rosenbaum (2016), "Psychological Research in the Internet Age: The Quality of Web-Based Data," Computers in Human Behavior, 58 (May), 354-60.
90. Rand, David G. (2012), "The Promise of Mechanical Turk: How Online Labor Markets Can Help Theorists Run Behavioral Experiments," Journal of Theoretical Biology, 299 (March), 172-9.
91. Rand, David G., Alexander Peysakhovich, Gordon T. Kraft-Todd, George E. Newman, Owen Wurzbacher, Martin A. Nowak, and Joshua D. Greene (2014), "Social Heuristics Shape Intuitive Cooperation," Nature Communications, 5 (3677).
92. Rapp, Justine M. and Ronald Paul Hill (2015), "Lordy, Lordy, Look Who's 40! The Journal of Consumer Research Reaches a Milestone," Journal of Consumer Research, 42 (1), 19-29.
93. Reese, Elizabeth D. and Jennifer C. Veilleux (2015), "Relationships between Craving Beliefs and Abstinence Self-Efficacy Are Mediated by Smoking Motives and Moderated by Nicotine Dependence," Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18 (1), 48-55.
94. Ross, Joel, Lilly Irani, M. Silberman, Andrew Zaldivar, and Bill Tomlinson (2010), "Who Are the Crowdworkers?: Shifting Demographics in Mechanical Turk," in CHI'10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New York: ACM, 2863-72.
95. Sakaluk, John K. (2016), "Exploring Small, Confirming Big: An Alternative System to the New Statistics for Advancing Cumulative and Replicable Psychological Research," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 66 (September), 47-54.
96. Shapiro, Danielle N., Jesse Chandler, and Pam Mueller (2013), "Using Mechanical Turk to Study Clinical Populations," Clinical Psychological Science, 1 (March), 213-20.
97. Siegel, Jason T., Mario A. Navarro, and Andrew L. Thomson (2015), "The Impact of Overtly Listing Eligibility Requirements on MTurk: An Investigation Involving Organ Donation, Recruitment Scripts, and Feelings of Elevation," Social Science & Medicine, 142 (October), 256-60.
98. Simmons, Joseph, Leif D. Nelson, and Uri Simonsohn (2011), "False-Positive Psychology Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant," Psychological Science, 22 (11), 1359-66.
99. Simonsohn, Uri (2015), "Small Telescopes: Detectability and the Evaluation of Replication Results," Psychological Science, 26 (5), 559-69.
100. Simonsohn, Uri, Leif D. Nelson, and Joseph P. Simmons (2014), "P-Curve and Effect Size Correcting for Publication Bias Using Only Significant Results," Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9 (6), 666-81.
101. Simonson, Itamar and Aner Sela (2011), "On the Heritability of Consumer Decision Making: An Exploratory Approach for Studying Genetic Effects on Judgment and Choice," Journal of Consumer Research, 37 (6), 951-66.
102. Skitka, Linda J. and Edward G. Sargis (2006), "The Internet as Psychological Laboratory," Annual Review of Psychology, 57 (1), 529-55.
103. Stewart, Neil, Christoph Ungemach, Adam J. L. Harris, Daniel M. Bartels, Ben R. Newell, Gabriele Paolacci, and Jesse Chandler (2015), "The Average Laboratory Samples a Population of 7,300 Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers," Judgment and Decision Making, 10 (5), 479-91.
104. Suri, Siddharth and Duncan J. Watts (2011), "Cooperation and Contagion in Web-based, Networked Public Goods Experiments," PLoS One, 6 (3), e16836.
105. Thomson, Keela S. and Daniel M. Oppenheimer (2016), "Investigating an Alternate Form of the Cognitive Reflection Test," Judgment and Decision Making, 11 (1), 99-113.
106. Van't Veer, Anna Elizabeth and Roger Giner-Sorolla, (2016), "Pre-Registration in Social Psychology-A Discussion and Suggested Template," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67 (November), 2-12.
107. Veilleux, Jennifer C., Kayla D. Skinner, Elizabeth D. Reese, and Jennifer A. Shaver (2014), "Negative Affect Intensity Influences Drinking to Cope through Facets of Emotion Dysregulation," Personality and Individual Differences, 56 (March), 96-101.
108. Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Ruud Wetzels, Denny Borsboom, Han L. J. van der Maas, and Rogier A. Kievit (2012), "An Agenda for Purely Confirmatory Research," Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7 (6), 632-8.
109. Wang, Jing, Siddharth Suri, and Duncan J. Watts (2012), "Cooperation and Assortativity with Dynamic Partner Updating," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109 (36), 14363-8.
110. Watts, Duncan J. and Peter Sheridan Dodds (2007), "Influentials, Networks, and Public Opinion Formation," Journal of Consumer Research, 34 (4), 441-58.
111. Weinberg, Jill, Jeremy Freese, and David McElhattan (2014), "Comparing Data Characteristics and Results of an Online Factorial Survey between a Population-Based and a Crowdsource-Recruited Sample," Sociological Science, 1 (August), 292-310.
112. Wells, William (1993), "Discovery-Oriented Consumer Research," Journal of Consumer Research, 19 (March), 489-504.
113. Wessling, Kathryn Sharpe, Joel Huber, and Oded Netzer (2017), "Character Misrepresentation by Amazon Turk Workers: Assessment and Solutions," Journal of Consumer Research, current issue.
114. Wymbs, Brian T. and Anne E. Dawson (2015), "Screening Amazon's Mechanical Turk for Adults with ADHD," Journal of Attention Disorders (August), 1-10.
115. Yang, Adelle X. and Oleg Urminsky (2015), "The Foresight Effect: Local Optimism Motivates Consistency and Local Pessimism Motivates Variety," Journal of Consumer Research, 42 (3), 361-77.
116. Zhou, Haotian and Ayelet Fishbach (2016), "The Pitfall of Experimenting on the Web: How Unattended Selective Attrition Leads to Surprising (Yet False) Research Conclusions," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111 (4), 493-504.