Discrimination data analysis: A multi-disciplinary bibliography

Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics

Volumn 3, Issue , 2013, Pages 109-135

  Romei, Andrea ^a   Ruggieri, Salvatore ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85019756193     PISSN: 21926255     EISSN: 21926263     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30487-3_6     Document Type: Chapter

References (268)

1. Aalbers, M.: What types of neighbourhoods are redlined? Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 22(2), 177-198 (2007)
2. Agier, I., Szafarz, A.: Microfinance and gender: Is there a glass ceiling in loan size? In: CEB Working Paper No. 10-047, Université Libre de Bruxelles (2010), http://ssrn.com
3. Agresti, A.: Categorical data analysis, 2nd edn. Wiley-Interscience (2002)
4. Ahmed, A.M., Hammarstedt, M.: Discrimination in the rental housing market: A field experiment on the internet. Journal of Urban Economics 64(2), 362-372 (2008)
5. Aigner, D.J., Cain, G.G.: Statistical theories of discrimination in labor markets. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 30, 175-187 (1977)
6. Albareto, G., Mistrulli, P.: Bridging the gap between migrants and the banking system (Economic working paper No. 794). Economic Research Department, Bank of Italy (2011), http://www.bancaditalia.it
7. Aldrich, E.M., Arcidiacono, P.S., Vigdor, J.L.: Do people value racial diversity? Evidence from Nielsen ratings. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 5(1), Art. 4 (2005)
8. Alesina, A.F., Ferrara, E.L.: A test of racial bias in capital sentencing (Working Paper No. 16981). National Bureau of Economic Research (2011), http://www.nber.org
9. Alpert, G.P., Smith, M.R., Dunham, R.G.: Toward a better benchmark: Assessing the utility of not-at-fault traffic crash data in racial profiling research. Justice Research and Policy 6(1), 43-70 (2004)
10. Altonji, J.G., Blank, R.M.: Race and gender in the labor market. In: Ashenfelter, O., Card, D. (eds.) Handbook of Labor Economics-Part C, vol. 3, pp. 3143-3259. Elsevier (1999)
11. Altonji, J.G., Pierret, C.R.: Employer learning and statistical discrimination. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116(1), 313-350 (2001)
12. Anbarci, N., Lee, J.: Speed discounting and racial disparities: Evidence from speeding tickets in Boston (Discussion Paper No. 3903). Institute for the Study of Labor, IZA (2008), http://ftp.iza.org
13. Andreoni, J., Petrie, R.: Beauty, gender and stereotypes: Evidence from laboratory experiments. Journal of Economic Psychology 29(1), 73-93 (2008)
14. Antonovics, K.L., Arcidiacono, P., Walsh, R.: Games and discrimination: Lessons from the Weakest Link. Journal of Human Resources 40(4), 918-947 (2005)
15. Antonovics, K.L., Arcidiacono, P., Walsh, R.: The effects of gender interactions in the lab and in the field. Review of Economics and Statistics 91(1), 152-162 (2009)
16. Antonovics, K.L., Knight, B.G.: A new look at racial profiling: Evidence from the Boston Police Department (Working Paper No. 10634). National Bureau of Economic Research (2009), http://www.nber.org
17. Anwar, S., Fang, H.: An alternative test of racial prejudice in motor vehicle searches: Theory and evidence. American Economic Review 96(1), 127-151 (2006)
18. Arai, M., Moa Bursell, M., Nekby, L.: Between meritocracy and ethnic discrimination: The gender difference (Research Papers in Economics No. 2008:4). Institute for the Study of Labor, IZA (2008), http://ftp.iza.org
19. Armstrong, M.: Recent developments in the economics of price discrimination. In: Blundell, R., Newey, W.K., Persson, T. (eds.) Proc. of World Congress on Advances in Economics and Econometrics Theory and Applications, vol. 2, pp. 1-46. Cambridge University Press (2006)
20. Arrow, K.J.: The theory of discrimination. In: Ashenfelter, O., Rees, A. (eds.) Discrimination in Labor Markets, pp. 3-33. Princeton University Press (1971)
21. Australian Legislation: (a) Age Discrimination Act, 2004; (b) Australian Human Rights Commission Act, 1986; (c) Disability Discrimination Act, 1992; (d) Racial Discrimination Act, 1975; (e) Sex Discrimination Act, 1984; (f) Victoria Equal Opportunity Act, 1995, (g) Queensland Anti Discrimination Act, 1991 (2011),http://www.hreoc.gov.au
22. Ayres, I.: Further evidence of discrimination in new car negotiations and estimates of its cause. Michigan Law Review 94(1), 109-147 (1995)
23. Ayres, I., Siegelman, P.: Race and gender discrimination in bargaining for a new car. The American Economic Review 85(3), 304-321 (1995)
24. Ayres, I., Vars, F.E., Zakariya, N.: To insure prejudice: Racial disparities in taxicab tipping. Yale Law Journal 114(7), 1613-1674 (2005)
25. Bagues, M.F., Villadoniga, M.J.P.: Why do i like people like me? (Working Paper No. 2008-06). Universidad Carlos III, Departamento de Economía de la Empresa (2008), http://papers.ssrn.com
26. Baker, A., Phillipson, G.: Policing, profiling and discrimination law: US and European approaches compared. Journal of Global Ethics 7(1), 105-124 (2011)
27. Balsa, A.I., Mcguire, T.G., Meredith, L.S.: Testing for statistical discrimination in health care. Health Services Research 40(1), 227-252 (2005)
28. Bamforth, N., Malik, M., O’Cinneide, C.: Discrimination law: Theory & context, text and materials, 1st edn. Sweet & Maxwell (2008)
29. Banerjee, A., Bertrand, M., Datta, S., Mullainathan, S.: Labor market discrimination in Delhi: Evidence from a field experiment. Journal of Comparative Economics 37(1), 14-27 (2009)
30. Becker, G.S.: The economics of discrimination (economic research studies), 2nd edn. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1971)
31. Bell, M.R.: Anti-discrimination law and the European Union. Oxford University Press (2002)
32. Belot, M., Bhaskar, V., van de Ven, J.: Beauty and the sources of discrimination (Working Paper No. 241). ESRC Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution (2008), http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk
33. Bendick, M.: Situation testing for employment discrimination in the United States of America. Horizons Stratégiques 3(5), 17-39 (2007)
34. Bendick, M., Rodriguez, R.E., Jayaraman, S.: Employment discrimination in upscale restaurants: Evidence from matched pair testing. Social Science Journal 47(4), 802-818 (2010)
35. Berri, D., Simmons, R.: Race and the evaluation of signal callers in the National Football League. Journal of Sports Econonomics 10(1), 23-43 (2009)
36. Bertrand, M., Chugh, D., Mullainathan, S.: Implicit discrimination. American Economic Review 95(2), 94-98 (2005)
37. Bertrand, M., Mullainathan, S.: Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination. American Economic Review 94(4), 991-1013 (2004)
38. Black, S.E., Brainerd, E.: Importing equality? The impact of globalization on gender discrimination. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 57(4), 540-559 (2004)
39. Black, S.E., Strahan, P.E.: The division of spoils: Rent-sharing and discrimination in a regulated industry. American Economic Review 91(4), 814-831 (2001)
40. Blackburn, M.L., Vermilyea, T.: A comparison of unexplained racial disparities in banklevel and market-level models of mortgage lending. Journal of Financial Services Research 29(2), 125-147 (2006)
41. Blackburn, M.L., Vermilyea, T.: The role of information externalities and scale economies in home mortgage lending decisions. Journal of Urban Economics 61(1), 71-85 (2007)
42. Blalock, G., DeVaro, J.L., Leventhal, S., Simon, D.H.: Gender bias in power relationships: Evidence from police traffic stops (Working Paper). School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University (2007), http://ssrn.com
43. Blanchard, L., Zhao, B., Yinger, J.: Do lenders discriminate against minority and woman entrepreneurs? Journal of Urban Economics 63(2), 467-497 (2008)
44. Blanchflower, D.G., Levine, P.B., Zimmerman, D.J.: Discrimination in the small-business credit market. The Review of Economics and Statistics 85(4), 930-943 (2003)
45. Blank, E., Venkatachalam, P., McNeil, L., Green, R.: Racial discrimination in mortgage lending inWashington, D.C.: A mixed methods approach. The Review of Black Political Economy 33(2), 9-30 (2005)
46. Blank, R.M., Dabady, M., Citro, C.F. (eds.):Measuring racial discrimination-panel on methods for assessing discrimination. National Academies Press (2004)
47. Bocian, D.G., Ernst, K.S., Li, W.: Race, ethnicity and subprime home loan pricing. Journal of Economics and Business 60(1-2), 110-124 (2008)
48. Booth, A.L., Leigh, A.: Do employers discriminate by gender? A field experiment in femaledominated occupations. Economics Letters 107(2), 236-238 (2010)
49. Booth, A.L., Leigh, A., Varganova, E.: Does racial and ethnicdiscrimination vary across minority groups? Evidence from a field experiment (Discussion paper No. 4947). Institute for the Study of Labor, IZA (2010), http://ftp.iza.org
50. Bosch, M., Carnero, M.A., Farr, L.: Information and discrimination in the rental housing market: Evidence from a field experiment. Regional Science and Urban Economics 40(1), 11-19 (2010)
51. Brevoort, K.P.: Credit card redlining revisited. Review of Economics and Statistics 93(2), 714-724 (2011)
52. Brown, C.L., Simpson, W.G.: An analysis of alternative methodologies and interpretations of mortgage discrimination research using simulated data. Academy of Banking Studies Journal 9(2), 65-75 (2010)
53. Brown, R.: Prejudice: Its social psychology, 2nd edn. Wiley-Blackwell (2010)
54. Broyles, P., Keen, B.: Consumer discrimination in the NBA: An examination of the effect of race on the value of basketball trading cards. The Social Science Journal 47(1), 162-171 (2010)
55. Cain, G.G.: The economic analysis of labor market discrimination: A survey. In: Ashenfelter, O., Layard, R. (eds.) Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 1, pp. 693-781. Elsevier (1987)
56. Calders, T., Verwer, S.: Three naive bayes approaches for discriminationfree classification. Data Mining & Knowledge Discovery 21(2), 277-292 (2010)
57. Campbell, R., Roberts, B., Rogers, K.: An evaluation of lender redlining in allocation of unsecured consumer credit. Urban Studies 45(5), 1243-1254 (2008)
58. Carlsson, M., Rooth, D.-O.: Evidence of ethnic discrimination in the Swedish labor market using experimental data. Labour Economics 14(4), 716-729 (2007)
59. Castillo, M., Petrie, R.: Discrimination in the lab: Does information trump appearance? Games and Economic Behavior 68(1), 50-59 (2010)
60. Cavalluzzo, K., Cavalluzzo, L., Wolken, J.: Competition, small business financing, and discrimination: Evidence from a new survey. Journal of Business 75(4), 641-680 (2002)
61. Chan, J.: Racial profiling and police subculture. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 53(1), 75-78 (2011)
62. Chan, S., Gedal, M., Been, V., Haughwout, A.F.: The role of neighborhood characteristics in mortgage default risk: Evidence from New York City (Working Paper No. 4551). NYUWagner School and Furman Center for Real Estate & Urban Policy (2010), http://www.ssrn.com
63. Charles, K.K., Guryan, J.: Prejudice and wages: An empirical assessment of becker’s the economics of discrimination. Journal of Political Economy 116(5), 773-809 (2008)
64. Charles, K.K., Guryan, J.: Studying discrimination: Fundamental challenges and recent progress. Annual Review of Economics 3, 479-511 (2011)
65. Charness, G., Kuhn, P.: Lab labor: What can labor economists learn from the lab? In: Ashenfelter, O., Card, D. (eds.) Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 4, pp. 229-330. Elsevier (2011)
66. Cheng, N., Chandramouli, R., Subbalakshmi, K.: Author gender identification from text. Digital Investigation 8(1), 78-88 (2011)
67. Cheng, P., Lin, Z., Liu, Y.: Do women pay more for mortgages? The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 1-18 (2009) (published online: November 17, 2009)
68. Cheung, S.: A test of employer learning in the labour market for young Australians. Applied Economics Letters 17(1), 93-98 (2010)
69. Chien, C.-F., Chen, L.: Data mining to improve personnel selection and enhance human capital: A case study in high-technology industry. Expert Systems with Applications 34(1), 280-290 (2008)
70. Chopin, I., Do, T.U.: Developing anti-discrimination law in europe. European Network of Legal Experts in Anti-Discrimination (2010), http://ec.europa.eu
71. Cipriani, G.P., Zago, A.: Productivity or discrimination? beauty and the exams. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 73(3), 428-447 (2011)
72. Clarke, J., Roy, N., Courchane, M.: On the robustness of racial discrimination findings in mortgage lending studies. Applied Economics 41(18), 2279-2297 (2009)
73. Clifton, C.: Privacy preserving data mining: How do we mine data when we aren’t allowed to see it? In: Proc. of the ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2003), Tutorial (2003), http://www.cs.purdue.edu
74. Cohen-Cole, E.: Credit card redlining (Working Paper No. QAU08-1).
75. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (2009), http://www.bos.frb.org
76. Combes, P.-P., Decreuse, B., Laouenan, M., Trannoy, A.: A test of customer discrimination: Theory and evidence from the french labor market (2011), preliminary version, http://econ.sciences-po.fr
77. Coyne, C.J., Isaacs, J., Schwartz, J.: Entrepreneurship and the taste for discrimination. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 20(4), 609-627 (2010)
78. Dickinson, D.L., Oaxaca, R.L.: Statistical discrimination in labor markets: An experimental analysis. Southern Economic Journal 76(1), 16-31 (2009)
79. Dietrich, J.: Does multiple jeopardy exist in mortgage markets? (Economics Working Paper No. 2009-3). Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (2009), http://www.occ.treas.gov
80. Dietrich, J., Johannsson, H.: Searching for age and gender discrimination in mortgage lending (EconomicsWorking Paper No. 2005-2).
81. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (2005), http://www.occ.treas.gov
82. Ding, L., Ratcliffe, J., Stegman, M., Quercia, R.: Neighborhood patterns of high-cost lending: The case of Atlanta. Journal of Affordable Housing 17(3), 194-211 (2008)
83. Dobson, A.J., Barnett, A.G.: Introduction to generalized linear models, 3rd edn. Chapman and Hall/CRC (2008)
84. Doleac, J.L., Stein, L.C.: The visible hand: Race and online market outcomes (Discussion Paper No. 09-015). Stanford Instititute for Economic Policy Research (2010), http://www.stanford.edu
85. Donohue, J.J.: The law and economics of antidiscrimination law. In: Polinsky, A.M., Shavell, S. (eds.) Handbook of Law and Economics, pp. 1387-1472. Elsevier (2007)
86. Drydakis, N.: Sexual orientation discrimination in the labour market. Labour Economics 16(4), 364-372 (2009)
87. Dymski, G.: Discrimination in the credit and housing markets: Findings and challenges. In: Rodgers, W. (ed.) Handbook on the Economics of Discrimination, 3rd edn., Edward Elgar Publishing (2006)
88. Dymski, G.A., Hernandez, J., Mohanty, L.: Race, power, and the subprime/foreclosure crisis: A mesoanalysis (Economics Working Paper No. 669). Levy Economics Institute of Bard College (2011), http://ssrn.com
89. Edelberg, W.: Racial dispersion in consumer credit interest rates (Finance and Economics Discussion Series Nos. 2007-2028). Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, U.S. (2007)
90. Edin, P.-A., Lagerstrøm, J.: Blind dates: quasi-experimental evidence on discrimination (Working Paper No. 4).
91. Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation (2006), http://www.ifau.se
92. Ellis, E.: Eu anti-discrimination law. Oxford University Press (2005)
93. ENAR. European network against racism, fact sheet 35: Positive actions (2008), http://www.enar-eu.org
94. Engel, R.S.: A critique of the “outcome test” in racial profiling research. Justice Quarterly 25(1), 1-36 (2008)
95. Engel, R.S., Calnon, J.M.: Comparing benchmark methodologies for police-citizen contacts: Traffic stop data collection for the Pennsylvania State Police. Police Quarterly 7(1), 97-125 (2004)
96. Engel, R.S., Calnon, J.M., Bernard, T.J.: Theory and racial profiling: Shortcomings and future directions in research. Justice Quarterly 19(2), 1-36 (2002)
97. E.U. Agency for Fundamental Rights. Handbook on European nondiscrimination law. European Court of Human Rights (2011), http://fra.europa.eu
98. European Union Legislation: (a) European Convention on Human Rights, 1950; (b) Racial Equality Directive, 2000; (c) Employment Equality Directive, 2000; (d) Gender Goods and Services Directive, 2004; (e) Gender Employment Directive, 2006; (f) Equal Treatment Directive (proposal), 2008 (2011), http://eur-lex.europa.eu
99. Ezeala-Harrison, F., Glover, G., Shaw-Jackson, J.: Housing loan patterns toward minority borrowers in Mississippi: Analysis of some micro data evidence of redlining. The Review of Black Political Economy 35(1), 43-54 (2008)
100. Falk, A., Walkowitz, G., Wirth, W.: Do ex-offenders face discrimination in the labor market? Because of expected inferior reciprocity (2008) (unpublished manuscript), http://www.uni-graz.at
101. Falk, A., Zehnder, C.: Discrimination and in-group favoritism in a citywide trust experiment (Working Paper No. iewwp318). Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, University of Zurich (2007), http://www.iew.uzh.ch
102. Fang, H., Moro, A.: Theories of statistical discrimination and affirmative action: A survey. In: Benhabib, J., Jackson, M., Bisin, A. (eds.) Handbook of Social Economics, vol. 1A, pp. 134-200. Elsevier (2010)
103. Farber, H.S., Gibbons, R.: Learning and wage dynamics. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 111(4), 1007-1047 (1996)
104. Farrell, A., McDevitt, J.: Identifying and measuring racial profiling by the police. Sociology Compass 4(1), 77-88 (2010)
105. Feltovich, N., Papageorgiou, C.: An experimental study of statistical discrimination by employers. Southern Economic Journal 70(4), 837-849 (2004)
106. Fershtman, C., Gneezy, U.: Discrimination in a segmented society: An experimental approach. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116(1), 351-377 (2001)
107. Finkelstein, M.O., Levin, B. (eds.): Statistics for lawyers, vol. 2. Springer (2001)
108. Flabbi, L.: Prejudice and gender differentials in the US labor market in the last twenty years. Journal of Econometrics 156(1), 190-200 (2010)
109. Fleiss, J.L., Levin, B., Paik, M.C.: Statistical methods for rates and proportions, 3rd edn. Wiley (2003)
110. Foley, M., Smith, F.H.: Consumer discrimination in professional sports: New evidence from Major League Baseball. Applied Economics Letters 14(13), 951-955 (2007)
111. Frick, B., Deutscher, C.: Salary determination in the Ge rman “Bundesliga”: A panel study (IASE Conference Paper No. 0811). International Association of Sports Economists (2009)
112. Friedman, S., Squires, G.D., Galvan, C.: Cybersegregation in Boston and Dallas: Is Neil a more desirable tenant than Tyrone or Jorge? Presented at the Population Association of America 2010 Annual Meeting (2010), http://paa2010.princeton.edu
113. Gabbidon, S.L., Craig, R., Okafo, N., Marzette, L.N., Peterson, S.A.: The consumer racial profiling experiences of Black students at historically Black colleges and universities: An exploratory study. Journal of Criminal Justice 36(4), 354-361 (2008)
114. Gabbidon, S.L., Higgins, G.E., Nelson, M.: Public support for racial profiling in airports: Results from a statewide poll. Criminal Justice Policy Review (2011) (published online: March 14, 2011)
115. Gardner, J.: Deterrence externalities and racial bias in law enforcement (Working Paper No. 88). Carnegie Mellon University (2009), http://www.heinz.cmu.edu
116. Gelman, A., Fagan, J., Kiss, A.: An analysis of the new york city police departments “stopand-frisk” policy in the context of claims of racial bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association 102(479), 813-823 (2007)
117. Goddard, J., Wilson, J.O.S.: Racial discrimination in English professional football: Evidence from an empirical analysis of players’ career progression. Cambridge Journal of Economics 33(2), 295-316 (2009)
118. Goenner, C.: Discrimination and mortgage lending in Boston: The effects of model uncertainty. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 40(3), 260-285 (2010)
119. Goldberg, P.K.: Dealer price discrimination in new car purchases: Evidence from the consumer expenditure survey. Journal of Political Economy 104(3), 622-654 (1996)
120. Goldin, C., Rouse, C.: Orchestrating impartiality: The impact of ”blind” auditions on female musicians. American Economic Review 90(4), 715-741 (2000)
121. Greene, W.H.: Econometric analysis, 7th edn. Prentice-Hall (2008)
122. Greenwald, A.G., Krieger, L.H.: Implicit bias: Scientific foundations. California Law Review 94(4), 945-967 (2006)
123. Grogger, J.T.: Speech patterns and racial wage inequality. Journal of Human Resources 46(1), 1-25 (2011)
124. Grytten, J., Skau, I., Sørensen, R.: Do expert patients get better treatment than others? Agency discrimination and statistical discrimination in obstetrics. Journal of Health Economics 30(1), 163-180 (2011)
125. Güth, W., Kocher, M.G., Popova, V.: Co-employment of permanently and temporarily employed agents (Jena Economic Research Paper Nos. 2010-016). Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Planck-Institute of Economics (2010), http://www.econ.mpg.de
126. Hajian, S., Domingo-Ferrer, J., Martínez-Ballesté, A.: Rule Protection for Indirect Discrimination Prevention in Data Mining. In: Torra, V., Narakawa, Y., Yin, J., Long, J. (eds.) MDAI 2011. LNCS, vol. 6820, pp. 211-222. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
127. Hamermesh, D., Biddle, J.: Beauty and the labor market. The American Economic Review 84(5), 1174-1194 (1994)
128. Hanson, A., Hawley, Z.: Do landlords discriminate in the rental housing market? Evidence from an Internet field experiment in U.S. cities (Working Paper No. 2011-05). Experimental Economics Center, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University (2011), http://excen.gsu.edu
129. Hardin, J., Hilbe, J.: Generalized linear models and extensions, 2nd edn. Stata Press (2007)
130. Harford, T.: The logic of life. The Random House Publishing Group (2008)
131. Harrison, G.W., List, J.A.: Field experiments. American Economic Literature 42(4), 1009-1055 (2004)
132. Heckman, J.: Detecting discrimination. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 12(2), 101-116 (1998)
133. Heckman, J., Siegelman, P.: The Urban Institute audit studies: Their methods and findings. In: Fix,M., Struyk, R. (eds.) Clear and Convincing Evidence: Measures of Discrimination in America, pp. 187-248. The Urban Institute Press (1993)
134. Hellerstein, J.K., Neumark, D., Troske, K.R.: Market forces and sex discrimination. Journal of Human Resources 37(2), 353-380 (2002)
135. Hersch, P.L.: Customer discrimination against black Major League Baseball pitchers reconsidered. Applied Economics Letters 17(2), 205-208 (2009)
136. Hildebrandt, M., Gutwirth, S. (eds.): Profiling the European citizen: Cross-disciplinary perspectives. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
137. Hillier, A.E.: Spatial analysis of historical redlining: A methodological explanation. Journal of Housing Research 14(1), 137-168 (2003)
138. Hogler, R.L., Henle, C., Bemus, C.: Internet recruiting and employment discrimination: A legal perspective. Human Resource Management Review 8(2), 149-164 (1998)
139. Holmes, P.: New evidence of salary discrimination in Major League Baseball. Labour Economics 18(3), 320-331 (2011)
140. Holzer, H.J., Ihlanfeldt, K.R.: Customer discrimination and employment outcomes for minority workers. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 113(3), 835-867 (1998)
141. Holzer, H.J., Neumark, D.: The economics of affirmative action. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (2004)
142. Holzer, H.J., Neumark, D.: Affirmative action:What do we know? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 25(2), 463-490 (2006)
143. James, D.R., Tauber, K.E.: Measures of segregation. Sociological Methodology 13, 1-32 (1985)
144. Jewell, R.T., Brown, R.W., Miles, S.E.: Measuring discrimination inMajor League Baseball: Evidence from the baseball hall of fame. Applied Economics 34(2), 167-177 (2002)
145. Jobard, F., Lévy, R.: Racial profiling: The Parisian police experience. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 53(1), 87-93 (2011)
146. Kaas, L., Manger, C.: Ethnic discrimination in Germany’s labour market: A field experiment (Discussion Paper No. 4741). Institute for the Study of Labor, IZA (2010), http://ftp.iza.org
147. Kahn, L.M.: Customer discrimination and affirmative action. Economic Inquiry 29(3), 555-571 (1991a)
148. Kahn, L.M.: Discrimination in professional sports: A survey of the literature. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 44(3), 395-418 (1991b)
149. Kahn, L.M.: The sports business as a labor market laboratory. Journal of Economic Perspectives 14(3), 75-94 (2000)
150. Kahn, L.M.: The economics of discrimination: Evidence from basketball (Discussion Paper No. 3987). Institute for the Study of Labor, IZA (2009), http://ftp.iza.org
151. Kamiran, F., Calders, T.: Classification without discrimination. In: Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Computer, Control & Communication (IEEE-IC4 2009). IEEE Press (2009)
152. Kamiran, F., Calders, T., Pechenizkiy, M.: Discrimination aware decision tree learning. In: Proc. of the 10th IEEE Int. Conf. on Data Mining (ICDM 2010), pp. 869-874. IEEE Computer Society (2010)
153. Kamishima, T., Akaho, S., Sakuma, J.: Fairness-aware learning through regularization approach. In: Proc. of the IEEE Int. Workshop on Privacy Aspects of Data Mining (PADM 2011), pp. 643-650. IEEE Computer Society (2011)
154. Kang, J., Banaji, M.R.: Fair measures: A behavioral realist revision of ”affirmative action”. UCLA Law Review 58(2), 465-520 (2010)
155. Kaye, D., Aickin, M. (eds.): Statistical methods in discrimination litigation. Marcel Dekker, Inc. (1992)
156. Knowles, J., Persico, N., Todd, P.: Racial bias in motor vehicle searches: Theory and evidence. Journal of Political Economy 109(1), 203-229 (2001)
157. Kuhn, P.J., Shen, K.: Employers’ preferences for gender, age, height and beauty: Direct evidence (Working Paper No. 15564).
158. National Bureau of Economic Research (2009), http://www.nber.org
159. Kunze, A.: Gender wage gap studies: Consistency and decomposition. Empirical Economics 35(1), 63-76 (2008)
160. LaCour-Little, M.: Discrimination in mortgage lending: A critical review of the literature. Journal of Real Estate Literature 7(1), 15-49 (1999)
161. Lahey, J.N., Beasley, R.A.: Computerizing audit studies. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 70(3), 508-514 (2009)
162. Lang, K.: A language theory of discrimination. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 101(2), 363-382 (1986)
163. Lang, K., Lehmann, J.-Y.K.: Racial discrimination in the labor market: Theory and empirics (2011) (unpublished manuscript, Boston University)
164. Lee, J.: American Idol: Evidence on same-race preferences. The Berkeley Electronic Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 9(1), Article 28 (2009)
165. Leonard, J.S., Levine, D.I., Giuliano, L.: Customer discrimination. The Review of Economics and Statistics 92(3), 670-678 (2010)
166. Leopold, N., Meints, M.: Profiling in employment situations (fraud). In: Hildebrandt, M., Gutwirth, S. (eds.) Profiling the European Citizen: Crossdisciplinary Perspectives, pp. 236-257. Springer (2008)
167. Lerner, N.: Group rights and discrimination in international law, 2nd edn. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers (2003)
168. Lerner, R., Nagai, A.K.: Reverse discrimination by the numbers. Journal Academic Questions 13(3), 71-84 (2000)
169. Levine, R., Levkov, A., Rubinstein, Y.: Racial discrimination and competition (Working Paper No. 14273). National Bureau of Economic Research (2008), http://www.nber.org
170. Levitt, S.D.: Testing theories of discrimination: Evidence fromWeakest Link. Journal of Law & Economics 47(2), 431-452 (2004)
171. Levitt, S.D., List, J.A.: What do laboratory experiments measuring social preferences reveal about the real world? Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(2), 153-174 (2007)
172. List, J.: The nature and extent of discrimination in the marketplace: Evidence from the field. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 119(1), 49-89 (2004)
173. List, J.A.: Friend or foe? A natural experiment of the prisoner’s dilemma. Review of Economics and Statistics 88(3), 463-471 (2006)
174. Longhofer, S.D., Peters, S.R.: Why is mortgage discrimination illegal? A fresh look at the mortgage discrimination debate. Regulation, Cato Institute 22(4), 28-36 (1999)
175. Luong, B.T.: Generalized discrimination discovery on semi-structured datasupported by ontology. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, IMT Institute for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy (2011)
176. Luong, B.T., Ruggieri, S., Turini, F.: k-NN as an implementation of situation testing for discrimination discovery and prevention. In: Proc. of the ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2011), pp. 502-510. ACM (2011)
177. Makkonen, T.: Measuring discrimination: Data collection and the EU equality law. European Network of Legal Experts in Anti-Discrimination (2006), http://www.migpolgroup.com
178. Makkonen, T.: European handbook on equality data. European Network of Legal Experts in Anti-Discrimination (2007), http://ec.europa.eu
179. McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A.: Generalized linear models, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall (1989)
180. McGinnity, F., Nelson, J., Lunn, P., Quinn, E.: Discrimination in recruitment-evidence from a field experiment (Report). The Equality Authority and The Economic and Social Research Institute (2009), http://www.equality.ie
181. Mcguire, T.G., Ayanian, J.Z., Ford, D.E., Henke, R.E.M., Rost, K.M., Zaslavsky, A.M.: Testing for statistical discrimination by race/ethnicity in panel data for depression treatment in primary care. Health Research and Educational Trust 43(2), 531-551 (2008)
182. Moreno, M., Ñopo, H., Saavedra, J., Torero, M.: Gender and racial discrimination in hiring: A pseudo audit study for three selected occupations in metropolitan Lima (Working Paper No. 321). Econometric Society (2004), http://econpapers.repec.org
183. Munnell, A.H., Tootell, G.M.B., Browne, L.E., McEneaney, J.: Mortgage lending in Boston: Interpreting HMDA data. American Economic Review 86(1), 25-53 (1996)
184. Muravyev, A., Talavera, O., Schfer, D.: Entrepreneurs’ gender and financial constraints: Evidence from international data. Journal of Comparative Economics 37(2), 270-286 (2009)
185. Myers, C.K.: Ladies first? A field study of discrimination in Coffee Shops (Working Paper No. 711). Middlebury College, Department of Economics (2007), http://community.middlebury.edu
186. Neal, D.A., Johnson, W.R.: The role of premarket factors in black-white wage differences. Journal of Political Economy 104(5), 869-895 (1996)
187. Neumark, D.: Detecting discrimination in audit and correspondence studies (Working Paper No. 16448). National Bureau of Economic Research (2010), http://www.nber.org
188. Neumayer, E., de Soysa, I.: Globalisation, women’s economic rights and forced labour. The World Economy 30(10), 1510-1535 (2007)
189. Newman, D.M.: Sociology: Exploring the architecture of everyday life, 7th edn. Pine Forge Press (2008)
190. Nunley, J.M., Owens, M.F., Howard, R.S.: The effects of competition and information on racial discrimination: Evidence from a field experiment (Working Paper No. 201007).Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Economics and Finance (2010), http://frank.mtsu.edu
191. Ong, P.M., Stoll, M.A.: Redlining or risk? A spatial analysis of auto insurance rates in Los Angeles. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 26(4), 811-830 (2007)
192. Oostendorp, R.: Globalization and the gender wage gap. World Bank Economic Review 23(1), 141-161 (2009)
193. Paetzold, R.L., Willborn, S.L., Baldus, D.C.: The statistics of discrimination: Using statistical evidence in discrimination cases. Shepard’s/McGraw-Hill (1994)
194. Pager, D.: The use of field experiments for studies of employment discrimination: Contributions, critiques, and directions for the future. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 609(1), 104-133 (2007)
195. Pager, D., Quillian, L.:Walking the talk? What employers say versus what they do. American Sociological Review 70(3), 355-380 (2005)
196. Pager, D., Western, B., Bonikowski, B.: Discrimination in a low-wage labor market: A field experiment (Discussion Paper No. 4469). Institute for the Study of Labor, IZA (2009), http://ftp.iza.org
197. Palmer, M., King, R.: Has salary discrimination really disappeared from Major League Baseball? Eastern Economic Journal 32(2), 285-297 (2006)
198. Parrett, M.: Customer discrimination in restaurants: Dining frequency matters. Journal of Labor Research 32(2), 87-112 (2011)
199. Pedreschi, D., Ruggieri, S., Turini, F.: Discrimination-aware data mining. In: Proc. of the ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2008), pp. 560-568. ACM (2008)
200. Pedreschi, D., Ruggieri, S., Turini, F.:Measuring discrimination in socially-sensitive decision records. In: Proc. of the SIAMInt. Conf. on DataMining (SDM2009), pp. 581-592. SIAM (2009)
201. Persico, N., Todd, P.: Passenger profiling, imperfect screening, and airport security. American Economic Review 95(2), 127-131 (2005)
202. Phelps, E.S.: The statistical theory of racism and sexism. American Economic Review 62(4), 659-661 (1972)
203. Pickerill, J.M., Mosher, C., Pratt, T.: Search and seizure, racial profiling, and traffic stops: A disparate impact framework. Law & Policy 31(1), 1-30 (2009)
204. Pinkston, J.C.: A test of screening discrimination with employer learning. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 59(2), 267-284 (2006)
205. Pope, D.G., Sydnor, J.R.: Implicit statistical discrimination in predictive models (Working Paper No. 2007-09-11). Risk Management and Decision Processes Center. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania (2007), http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu
206. Pope, D.G., Sydnor, J.R.: Whats in a picture? Evidence of discrimination from Prosper.com. Journal of Human Resources 46(1), 53-92 (2011)
207. Primm, E., Piquero, N.L., Piquero, A.R., Regoli, R.M.: Investigating customer racial discrimination in the secondary baseball card market. Sociological Inquiry 81(1), 110-132 (2011)
208. Quillian, L.: New approaches to understanding racial prejudice and discrimination. Annual Review of Sociology 32(1), 299-328 (2006)
209. Quintanar, S.M.: Man vs. machine: An investigation of speeding ticket disparities based on gender and race (Departmental Working Paper No. 2009-16). Department of Economics, Louisiana State University (2009), http://bus.lsu.edu
210. Reardon, S.F., Firebaugh, G.: Measures of multigroup segregation. Sociological Methodology 32(1), 33-67 (2002)
211. Reid, C., Laderman, E.: The untold costs of subprime lending: Examining the links among higher-priced lending, foreclosures and race in california (Working Paper). Paper presented at the Institute for Assets and Social Policy, April 15. Brandeis University (2009), http://iasp.brandeis.edu
212. Riach, P.A., Rich, J.: Field experiments of discrimination in the market place. The Economic Journal 112(483), 480-518 (2002)
213. Riach, P.A., Rich, J.: Deceptive field experiments of discrimination: Are they ethical? Kyklos 57(3), 457-470 (2004)
214. Riach, P.A., Rich, J.: An experimental investigation of sexual discrimination in hiring in the english labor market. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 6(2), Art. 1 (2006)
215. Ridgeway, G.: Assessing the effect of race bias in post-traffic stop outcomes using propensity scores. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 22(1), 1-29 (2006)
216. Ridgeway, G., MacDonald, J.M.: Doubly robust internal benchmarking and false discovery rates for detecting racial bias in police stops. Journal of the American Statistical Association 104(486), 661-668 (2009)
217. Rödin, M., Özcan, G.: Is it how you look or speak thatmatters? An experimental study exploring the mechanisms of ethnic discrimination (Research Papers in Economics No. 2011:12). Stockholm University, Department of Economics (2011), http://www2.ne.su.se
218. Rooth, D.-O.: Obesity, attractiveness, and differential treatment in hiring: A field experiment. Journal of Human Resources 44(3), 710-735 (2009)
219. Rorive, I.: Proving Discrimination Cases-the Role of Situation Testing. Centre For Equal Rights & Migration Policy Group (2009), http://www.migpolgroup.com
220. Roscigno, V., Karafin, D.L., Tester, G.: The complexities and processes of racial housing discrimination. Social Problems 56(1), 49-69 (2009)
221. Ross, S.L., Tootell, G.M.B.: Redlining, the community reinvestment act, and private mortgage insurance. Journal of Urban Economics 55(2), 278-297 (2004)
222. Ross, S.L., Yinger, J.: The color of credit: Mortgage discrimination, research methodology, and fair-lending enforcement. The MIT Press (2002)
223. Rowe, B.: Gender bias in the enforcement of traffic laws: Evidence based ona new empirical test (Working Paper No. 3). The Berkeley Electronic Press (2009), http://www-personal.umich.edu
224. Ruggieri, S., Pedreschi, D., Turini, F.: Data mining for discrimination discovery. ACM Trans. on Knowledge Discovery from Data 4(2), 1-40 (2010a)
225. Ruggieri, S., Pedreschi, D., Turini, F.: DCUBE: Discrimination discovery in databases. In: Proc. of the ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data (SIGMOD 2010), pp. 1127-1130. ACM (2010b)
226. Ruggieri, S., Pedreschi, D., Turini, F.: Integrating induction and deduction for finding evidence of discrimination. Artificial Intelligence and Law 18(1), 1-43 (2010c)
227. Rugh, J.S., Massey, D.S.: Racial segregation and the American foreclosure crisis. American Sociological Review 75(5), 629-651 (2010)
228. Sanandaji, T.: Reversion to the racial mean and mortgate discrimination (Working Paper No. 811). Research Institute of Industrial Economics (2009), http://www.ifn.se
229. Sanga, S.: Reconsidering racial bias in motor vehicle searches: Theory and evidence. Journal of Political Economy 117(6), 1155-1159 (2009)
230. Sano, S.: Testing the taste-based discrimination hypothesis: Evidence from data on japanese listed firms. Japan Labor Review 6(1), 36-50 (2009)
231. Schiek, D., Waddington, L., Bell, M. (eds.): Cases, materials and text on national, supranational and international non-discrimination law. Hart Publishing (2007)
232. Schreurs, W., Hildebrandt, M., Kindt, E., Vanfleteren, M.: The role of data protection law and non-discrimination law in group profiling in the private sector. In: Hildebrandt, M., Gutwirth, S. (eds.) Profiling the European Citizen: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives, pp. 258-287. Springer (2008)
233. Sheskin, D.J. (ed.): Handbook of parametric and non-parametric statistical procedure, 3rd edn. Chapman & Hall/CRC (2004)
234. Silverman, R.: Redlining in a majority black city?: Mortgage lending and the racial composition of Detroit neighborhoods. The Western Journal of Black Studies 29(1), 531-541 (2005)
235. Slonim, R., Guillen, P.: Gender selection discrimination: Evidence from a trust game. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 76(2), 385-405 (2010)
236. Sowell, T. (ed.): Affirmative action around the world: An empirical analysis. Yale University Press (2005)
237. Squires, G.D., Hyra, D.S., Renner, R.N.: Segregation and the subprime lending crisis (Briefing Paper No. 244). Economic Policy Institute (2009), http://www.epi.org
238. Steele, C.M., Aronson, J.: Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of african americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69(5), 797-811 (1995)
239. Sulis, G.: Gender wage differentials in Italy: A structural estimation approach (Working Paper CRENoS No. 2007-15). Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia (2007), http://crenos.unica.it
240. Taylor, A.: Discrimination in rental housing markets: Evidence from Craigslist audits (2010), http://aysps.gsu.edu (unpublished manuscript)
241. Tillyer, R., Engel, R.S., Cherkauskas, J.C.: Best practices in vehicle stop data collection and analysis. Journal of Police Strategies and Management 33(1), 69-92 (2010)
242. Tillyer, R., Engel, R.S., Wooldredge, J.: The intersection of racial profiling research and the law. Journal of Criminal Justice 36(2), 138-153 (2008)
243. Tobler, C.: Limits and potential of the concept of indirect discrimination. European Network of Legal Experts in Anti-Discrimination (2008), http://www.migpolgroup.com
244. Tsao, T.-Y., Pearlman, A.: Decomposition of the black-white wage differential in the physician market (Economics Working Paper No. wp 588).
245. The Levy Economics Institute (2010), http://www.levyinstitute.org
246. Turner, M.A., Ross, S.L.: How racial discrimination affects the search for housing. In: de Souza Briggs, X. (ed.) The Geography of Opportunity, pp. 81-100. Brookings Institution Press (2005)
247. Turner, M.A., Ross, S.L., Galster, G.C., Yinger, J.: Discrimination in metropolitan housing markets: National results from phase i of hds 2000. Urban Institute, Dep. Hous. Urban Dev. (2002), http://www.urban.org
248. Turner, M.A., Skidmore, F. (eds.): Mortgage lending discrimination: A review of existing evidence. The Urban Institute (1999), http://www.urban.org
249. U.K. Legislation: (a) Sex Discrimination Act, 1975, (b) Race Relation Act, 1976 (2011), http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk
250. United Nations Legislation: (a) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, (b) International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights, 1966, (c) International Covenant on Ecomomic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966, (d) Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination, 1966, (e) Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979 (2011), http://www.ohchr.org
251. U.S. Federal Legislation: (a) Equal Credit Opportunity Act, 1974; (b) Fair Housing Act, 1968; (c) Employment Act, 1967; (d) Equal Pay Act, 1963; (e) Pregnancy Discrimination Act, 1978; (f) Civil Right Act, 1964, 1991 (2011), http://www.eeoc.gov
252. Usui, E.: Wages, non-wage characteristics, and predominantly male jobs. Labour Economics 16(1), 52-63 (2009)
253. Vicki, B., Ellen, I., Madar, J.: The high cost of segregation: Exploring racial disparities in high-cost lending. Fordham Urban Law Journal 36(3), 361-393 (2009)
254. Wang, S.-Y.: Statistical discrimination, productivity and the height of immigrants (Working Paper No. 3344).
255. eSocialSciences (2010), http://www.esocialsciences.org
256. Weichselbaumer, D., Winter-Ebmer, R.: A meta-analysis of the international gender wage gap. Journal of Economic Surveys 19(3), 479-511 (2005)
257. Weichselbaumer, D., Winter-Ebmer, R.: The effects of competition and equal treatment laws on gender wage differentials. Economic Policy 22, 235-287 (2007)
258. Weller, C.E.: Credit access, the costs of credit and credit market discrimination (Working Paper No. 171). Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst (2008), http://www.peri.umass.edu
259. Whitley, B.E., Kite, M.E.: The psychology of prejudice and discrimination, 2nd edn. Wadsworth Publishing (2009)
260. Wilson, D.P., Ying, Y.-H.: Nationality preferences for labour in the international football industry. Applied Economics 35(14), 1551-1559 (2003)
261. Wingate, P.H., Thornton, G.C.: Statistics and employment discrimination law: An interdisciplinary review. In: Martocchio, J., Liao, H., Joshi, A. (eds.) Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, vol. 19, pp. 295-337. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. (2000)
262. Wyly, E.K., Moos, M., Foxcroft, H., Kabahizi, E.: Subprime mortgage segmentation in the American urban system. Journal of Economic and Social Geography 99(1), 3-23 (2008)
263. Yamagishi, T., Jin, N., Kiyonari, T.: Bounded generalized reciprocity: Ingroup boasting and ingroup favoritism. In: Lawler, E.J., Macy, M.W. (eds.) Advances in Group Processes, vol. 16, pp. 161-197. Jai Press Inc. (1999)
264. Yang, C.-H., Lin, H.-Y.: Is there salary discrimination by nationality in the NBA? Foreign talent or foreign market. Journal of Sports Economics (2010) (published online: December 27, 2010)
265. Yap, B.W., Ong, S.H., Husain, N.H.M.: Using data mining to improve assessment of credit worthiness via credit scoring models. Expert Systems with Applications 38(10), 13274-13283 (2011)
266. Yezer, A.M.: A review of statistical problems in the measurement of mortgage market discrimination and credit risk (Report). Research Institute for Housing America (2010), http://www.housingamerica.org
267. Zhang, L., Dong, X.-Y.: Male-female wage discrimination in Chinese industry-investigation using firm-level data. Economics of Transition 16(1), 85-112 (2008)
268. Zliobaite, I., Kamiran, F., Calders, T.: Handling conditional discrimination. In: Proc. of the 11th IEEE Int. Conf. on Data Mining (ICDM 2011), pp. 992-1001. IEEE Computer Society (2011)