Importing equality? The impact of globalization on gender discrimination

Industrial and Labor Relations Review

Volumn 57, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 540-559

  Black, Sandra E ^a   Brainerd, Elizabeth ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b WILLIAMS COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 4444315306     PISSN: 00197939     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/001979390405700404     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Angrist, Joshua D., and Alan B. Krueger. 1999. "Empirical Strategies in Labor Economics." In Orley C. Ashenfelter and David Card, eds., Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 3A. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 1277-1366.
2. Ashenfelter, Orley, and Timothy Hannan. 1986. Σex Discrimination and Product Market Competition: The Case of the Banking Industry." Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 101, No. 1 (February), pp. 149-73.
3. Bartelsman, Eric J., and Wayne Gray. 1996. "The NBER Manufacturing Productivity Database." NBER Technical Working Paper 205.
4. Becker, Gary S. 1957, 1971. The Economics of Discrimination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
5. Bednarzik, Robert W. 1993. "An Analysis of U.S. Industries Sensitive to Foreign Trade, 1982-87." Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 116, No. 2 (February), pp. 15-31.
6. Black, Sandra E., and Philip E. Strahan. 2001. "The Division of Spoils: Rent-Sharing and Discrimination in a Regulated Industry." American Economic Review, Vol. 91, No. 4 (September), pp. 814-31.
7. Blau, Francine D. 1977. Equal Pay in the Office. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books.
8. Blau, Francine D. 1998. "Trends in the Well-Being of American Women, 1970-1995." Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 36, No. 1 (March), pp. 112-65.
9. Blau, Francine D., and Lawrence M. Kahn. 1997. "Swimming Upstream: Trends in the Gender Wage Differential in the 1980s." Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 15, No. 1, Part 1 (January), pp. 1-42.
10. Borjas, George J., and Valerie A. Ramey. 1995. "Foreign Competition, Market Power, and Wage Inequality." Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 110, No. 4 (November), pp. 1075-1110.
11. Bound, John, et al. 1994. "Evidence on the Validity of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Labor Market Data." Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 12, No. 3 (July), pp. 345-68.
12. Campa, Jose Manuel, and Linda S. Goldberg. 1998. "Employment versus Wage Adjustment and the U.S. Dollar." Unpublished paper, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
13. Feenstra, Robert C. 1996. "U.S. Imports, 1972-1994: Data and Concordances." NBER Working Paper No. 5515.
14. Freeman, Richard B. 1995. "Are Your Wages Set in Beijing?" Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Summer), pp. 15-32.
15. Gaston, Noel, and Daniel Trefler. 1994. "Protection, Trade, and Wages: Evidence from U.S. Manufacturing." Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 47, No. 4 (July), pp. 574-92.
16. Goldberg, Matthew S. 1982. "Discrimination, Nepotism, and Long-Run Wage Differentials." Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 97, No. 2 (May), pp. 307-19.
17. Goldin, Claudia. 1990. Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
18. Groshen, Erica L. 1991. "The Structure of the Female/Male Wage Differential: Is It Who You Are, What You Do, or Where You Work?" Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Summer), pp. 457-72.
19. Harrison, Ann E. 1994. "Productivity, Imperfect Competition, and Trade Reform: Theory and Evidence." Journal of International Economics, Vol. 36, pp. 53-73.
20. Heckman, James J. 1998. "Detecting Discrimination." Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Spring), pp. 101-16.
21. Hellerstein, Judith K., David Neumark, and Kenneth R. Troske. 2002. "Market Forces and Sex Discrimination." Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Spring), pp. 353-80.
22. Horn, John T., and J. Gregory Eastman. 1997. "Importing Unionization? The Effects of Import Competition on U.S. Manufacturing Unionization Density, 1974-1992." Unpublished paper.
23. Jaeger, David A. 1997. "Reconciling the Old and New Census Bureau Education Questions: Recommendations for Researchers." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Vol. 15, No. 3 (July), pp. 300-309.
24. Jaeger, David A., Susanna Loeb, Sarah E. Turner, and John Bound. 1998. "Coding Geographic Areas across Census Years: Creating Consistent Definitions of Metropolitan Areas." NBER Working Paper 6772.
25. Katics, Michelle M., and Bruce C. Petersen. 1994. "The Effect of Rising Import Competition on Market Power: A Panel Data Study of U.S. Manufacturing." Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 42, No. 3 (September), pp. 277-86.
26. Katz, Lawrence F., and Kevin M. Murphy. 1992. "Changes in Relative Wages, 1963-1987: Supply and Demand Factors." Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 107, No. 1 (February), pp. 35-78.
27. Kletzer, Lori G. 1996a. "The Impact of Foreign Competition on Occupational Employment and Wages in U.S. Manufacturing, 1971-92." Unpublished paper, University of California, Santa Cruz.
28. Kletzer, Lori G. 1996b. "Gender Differences in the Incidence and Consequences of Job Displacement from Import-Sensitive Industries." Unpublished paper, University of California, Santa Cruz.
29. Kletzer, Lori G. 2003. Imports, Exports and Jobs: What Does Trade Mean for Employment and Job Loss? Kalamazoo, Mich.: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
30. Kruse, Douglas L. 1988. "International Trade and the Labor Market Experience of Displaced Workers." Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 41, No. 3 (April), pp. 402-17.
31. Murphy, Kevin M., and Finis Welch. 1991. "The Role of International Trade in Wage Differentials." In Marvin Kosters, ed., Workers and Their Wages. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press, pp. 39-69.
32. Neumark, David, with the assistance of Roy J. Bank and Kyle D. Van Nort. 1996. "Sex Discrimination in Restaurant Hiring: An Audit Study." Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 111, No. 3 (August), pp. 915-41.
33. O'Neill, June, and Solomon Polachek. 1993. "Why the Gender Gap in Wages Narrowed in the 1980s." Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Part 1), pp. 205-28.
34. Revenga, Ana. 1992. "Exporting Jobs? The Impact of Foreign Competition on Employment and Wages in U.S. Manufacturing." Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 107, No. 1 (February), pp. 255-84.
35. Ruggles, Steven, and Matthew Sobek. 1997. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 2.0. Minneapolis: Historical Census Projects, University of Minnesota.
36. Sachs, Jeffrey D. 1988. "Global Adjustments to a Shrinking U.S. Trade Deficit." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Vol. 88, No. 2, pp. 639-74.
37. Weinberger, Catherine J. 1998. "Race and Gender Wage Gaps in the Market for Recent College Graduates." Industrial Relations, Vol. 37, No. 1 (January), pp. 67-84.
38. Welch, Finis. 2000. "Growth in Women's Relative Wages and in Inequality among Men: One Phenomenon or Two?" American Economic Review Papers & Proceedings, Vol. 90, No. 2 (May), pp. 444-49.
39. Wood, Adrian. 1994. North-South Trade, Employment, and Inequality. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
40. Wood, Robert G., Mary E. Corcoran, and Paul N. Courant. 1993. "Pay Differences among the Highly Paid: The Male-Female Earnings Gap in Lawyers' Salaries." Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 11, No. 3 (July), pp. 417-41.