Race and the evaluation of signal callers in the national football league

Journal of Sports Economics

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 23-43

  Berri, David J ^a   Simmons, Rob ^b  

^a SOUTHERN UTAH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Discrimination; Quarterback; Race; Salary

Indexed keywords

EID: 58149506564     PISSN: 15270025     EISSN: 15527794     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1527002508327383     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (38)

1. Andersen, T., & La Croix, S.J. (1991). Customer racial discrimination in Major League Baseball. Economic Inquiry, 29, 665-677.
2. Associated Press. (2005). Black quarterbacks tell of obstacles they had to overcome, February 22, 2005. Posted on ESPN.Com.
3. Berri, D.J. (2007). Back to back evaluations on the gridiron. In J. Albert & R. Koning (Eds.), Statistical thinking in sports (pp. 241-262). Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC Press.
4. Berri, D.J., Schmidt, M.B., & Brook, S.L. (2004). Stars at the gate: The impact of star power on NBA gate revenues. Journal of Sports Economics, 5, 33-50.
5. Berri, D.J., Schmidt, M.B., & Brook, S.L. (2006). The wages of wins. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
6. Berri, D.J., & Simmons R. (2008). The quarterback quandary: Drafting signal callers in the National Football League (working paper). Lancaster, UK: Lancaster University Management School.
7. Blass, A.A. (1992). Does the baseball labor market contradict the human capital model of investment ? The Review of Economics and Statistics, 74, 261-268.
8. Bodvarsson, O.B., & Brastow, R.T. (1998). Do employers pay for consistent performance? Evidence from the NBA. Economic Inquiry, 36, 145-160.
9. Bodvarsson, O.B. & Brastow, R.T. (1999). A test of employer discrimination in the NBA. Contemporary Economic Policy, 17, 243-255.
10. Bodvarsson, O.B. & Partridge, M.D. (2001). A supply and demand model of co-worker, employer and customer discrimination. Labour Economics, 8, 389-416.
11. Borland, J. (2006). Production functions for sporting teams. In Andreff, W. & Szymanski, S. (Eds.), Handbook on the economics of sport (pp. 610-615). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
12. Burdekin, R.C., Hossfeld, R.T., & Smith, J.K. (2005). Are NBA fans becoming indifferent to race? Evidence from the 1990s. Journal of Sports Economics, 7, 144-159.
13. Dey, M.S. (1997). Racial differences in National Basketball Association players' salaries. American Economist, 41, 84-90.
14. Doran, J., & Doran, D.R. (2004). Inequality in pay: A study of wage disparity in the NFL, Florida State University Department of Finance (working paper). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract-628422.
15. Eschker, E., Perez, S.J., & Siegler, M.V. (2004). The NBA and the influx of international basketball players. Applied Economics, 36, 1009-1020.
16. Finder, C. (2002). Trail blazer: Willie "the pro" Thrower opened door for black quarterbacks. Pittsburgh Post Gazette (February 24). Available from http://www.post-gazette.com/sports/columnists/ 20020224finder0224p1.asp.
17. Fort, R.D., & Gill, A. (2000). Race and ethnicity assessment in baseball card markets. Journal of Sports Economics, 1, 21-38.
18. Gius, M., & Johnson, D. (1998). An empirical investigation of wage discrimination in professional basketball. Applied Economics Letters, 5, 703-705.
19. Gius, M., & Johnson, D. (2000). Race and compensation in professional football. Applied Economics Letters, 7, 73-75.
20. Hamilton, B.H. (1997). Racial discrimination and professional basketball salaries in the 1990s. Applied Economics, 29, 287-296.
21. Hanssen, F.A., & Anderson, T. (1999). Has discrimination lessened over time? A test using baseball's all-star vote. Economic Inquiry, 37, 326-352.
22. Hoang, H., & Rascher, D. (1999). The NBA, exit discrimination, and career earnings. Industrial Relations, 38, 69-91.
23. Idson, T.L. & Kahane, L.H. (2000). Team effects on compensation: An application to salary determination in the National Hockey League. Economic Inquiry, 38, 345-357.
24. Jenkins, J.A. (1996). A re-examination of salary discrimination in professional basketball. Social Science Quarterly, 77, 594-608.
25. Kahn, L.M. (1991). Discrimination in professional sports: A survey of the literature. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 44, 395-418.
26. Kahn, L.M. (1992). The effects of race on professional football players' compensation. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 45, 295-310.
27. Kahn, L.M. (2000). A level playing field? Sports and discrimination. In Kern, W. (Ed.), The Economics of Sports (pp. 115-130). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
28. Kanazawa, M., & Funk, J. (2001). Racial discrimination in professional basketball: Evidence from Nielsen ratings. Economic Inquiry, 39, 599-608.
29. Koenker, R. (2005). Quantile regression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
30. Leeds, M.A., & von Allmen, P. (2005). The economics of sports, 2nd ed. Pearson Education Inc.
31. Leeds, M.A. & Kowalewski, S. (2001). Winner take all in the NFL: The effect of the salary cap and free agency on the compensation of skill position players. Journal of Sports Economics, 2, 244-256.
32. Lucifora, C., & Simmons, R. (2003). Superstar effects in sport: Evidence from Italian soccer. Journal of Sports Economics, 4, 35-55.
33. McCormick, R.E., & Tollison, R.D. (2001). Why do black basketball players work more for less money ? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 44, 201-219.
34. Mogull, R. (1973). Salaries and race: Some empirical evidence. Industrial Relations, 12, 109-112.
35. Mogull, R.G. (1981). Salary discrimination in professional sports. Atlantic Economic Journal, 9, 106-110.
36. Reilly, B., & Witt, R. (2007). Determinants of base pay and the role of race in Major League Soccer: Evidence from the 2007 league season (Discussion Paper, D19/07). Guildford, UK: University of Surrey Department of Economics.
37. Scully, G.W. (1974). Pay and performance in Major League Baseball. American Economic Review, 64, 917-930.
38. Simmons, R., & Berri, D.J. (in press). Gains from specialization and free agency: The story from the gridiron. Review of Industrial Organization.