메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 58, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 181-221

Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Thirteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XIII)

Author keywords

Antiepileptic drugs; Drug development; Epilepsy; Epilepsy targets

Indexed keywords

3ALPHA HYDROXY 5ALPHA PREGNAN 20 ONE; ADENOSINE; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BRIVARACETAM; BUMETANIDE; CANNABIDIOL; CANNABIDIVARIN; DEOXYGLUCOSE; EVEROLIMUS; FENFLURAMINE; FV 082; GANAXOLONE; HUPERZINE A; IOP 2198; MINOCYCLINE; NAX 810 2; SAGE 217; SAGE 689; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VALNOCTAMIDE; NEW DRUG;

EID: 85010549236     PISSN: 00139580     EISSN: 15281167     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/epi.13634     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (99)

References (189)
  • 1
    • 78650178478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Tenth Eilat Conference (EILAT X)
    • Bialer M, Johannessen SI, Levy RH, et al. Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Tenth Eilat Conference (EILAT X). Epilepsy Res 2010;92:89–124.
    • (2010) Epilepsy Res , vol.92 , pp. 89-124
    • Bialer, M.1    Johannessen, S.I.2    Levy, R.H.3
  • 2
    • 84872163082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Eleventh Eilat Conference (EILAT XI)
    • Bialer M, Johannessen SI, Levy RH, et al. Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Eleventh Eilat Conference (EILAT XI). Epilepsy Res 2013;103:2–30.
    • (2013) Epilepsy Res , vol.103 , pp. 2-30
    • Bialer, M.1    Johannessen, S.I.2    Levy, R.H.3
  • 3
    • 84924308270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Twelfth Eilat Conference (EILAT XII)
    • Bialer M, Johannessen SI, Levy RH, et al. Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Twelfth Eilat Conference (EILAT XII). Epilepsy Res 2015;111:85–141.
    • (2015) Epilepsy Res , vol.111 , pp. 85-141
    • Bialer, M.1    Johannessen, S.I.2    Levy, R.H.3
  • 4
    • 84968807620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosinergic signaling in epilepsy
    • Boison D. Adenosinergic signaling in epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2016;104:131–139.
    • (2016) Neuropharmacology , vol.104 , pp. 131-139
    • Boison, D.1
  • 5
    • 84879710932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic changes induced by adenosine augmentation therapy prevent epileptogenesis
    • Williams-Karnesky RL, Sandau US, Lusardi TA, et al. Epigenetic changes induced by adenosine augmentation therapy prevent epileptogenesis. J Clin Invest 2013;123:3552–3563.
    • (2013) J Clin Invest , vol.123 , pp. 3552-3563
    • Williams-Karnesky, R.L.1    Sandau, U.S.2    Lusardi, T.A.3
  • 6
    • 84856093094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine hypothesis of schizophrenia – opportunities for pharmacotherapy
    • Boison D, Singer P, Shen HY, et al. Adenosine hypothesis of schizophrenia – opportunities for pharmacotherapy. Neuropharmacology 2012;62:1527–1543.
    • (2012) Neuropharmacology , vol.62 , pp. 1527-1543
    • Boison, D.1    Singer, P.2    Shen, H.Y.3
  • 7
    • 84870288653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine augmentation therapy for epilepsy
    • In, Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, (Eds), 4th Ed, Oxford, Oxford University Press
    • Boison D. Adenosine augmentation therapy for epilepsy. In Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al. (Eds) Jasper's basic mechanisms of the epilepsies. 4th Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012:1150–1160.
    • (2012) Jasper's basic mechanisms of the epilepsies , pp. 1150-1160
    • Boison, D.1
  • 8
    • 0036337632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizure suppression by adenosine-releasing cells is independent of seizure frequency
    • Boison D, Huber A, Padrun V, et al. Seizure suppression by adenosine-releasing cells is independent of seizure frequency. Epilepsia 2002;43:788–796.
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , pp. 788-796
    • Boison, D.1    Huber, A.2    Padrun, V.3
  • 9
    • 84876373418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine kinase: exploitation for therapeutic gain
    • Boison D. Adenosine kinase: exploitation for therapeutic gain. Pharmacol Rev 2013;65:906–943.
    • (2013) Pharmacol Rev , vol.65 , pp. 906-943
    • Boison, D.1
  • 10
    • 38849100495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine kinase is a target for the prediction and prevention of epileptogenesis in mice
    • Li T, Ren G, Lusardi T, et al. Adenosine kinase is a target for the prediction and prevention of epileptogenesis in mice. J Clin Invest 2008;118:571–582.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 571-582
    • Li, T.1    Ren, G.2    Lusardi, T.3
  • 11
    • 80052536180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of adenosine kinase in astrocytes in experimental and human temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Aronica E, Zurolo E, Iyer A, et al. Upregulation of adenosine kinase in astrocytes in experimental and human temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2011;52:1645–1655.
    • (2011) Epilepsia , vol.52 , pp. 1645-1655
    • Aronica, E.1    Zurolo, E.2    Iyer, A.3
  • 12
    • 84876086923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurosteroids – endogenous regulators of seizure susceptibility and role in the treatment of epilepsy
    • In, Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, (Eds), 4th Ed, Oxford, Oxford University Press
    • Reddy DS, Rogawski MA. Neurosteroids – endogenous regulators of seizure susceptibility and role in the treatment of epilepsy. In Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al. (Eds) Jasper's basic mechanisms of the epilepsies. 4th Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012:984–1002.
    • (2012) Jasper's basic mechanisms of the epilepsies , pp. 984-1002
    • Reddy, D.S.1    Rogawski, M.A.2
  • 13
    • 84891501302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroactive steroids for the treatment of status epilepticus
    • Rogawski MA, Loya CM, Reddy K, et al. Neuroactive steroids for the treatment of status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2013;54:93–98.
    • (2013) Epilepsia , vol.54 , pp. 93-98
    • Rogawski, M.A.1    Loya, C.M.2    Reddy, K.3
  • 14
    • 0036754980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of subunit composition on the interaction of neurosteroids with GABA(A) receptors
    • Belelli D, Casula A, Ling A, et al. The influence of subunit composition on the interaction of neurosteroids with GABA(A) receptors. Neuropharmacology 2002;43:651–661.
    • (2002) Neuropharmacology , vol.43 , pp. 651-661
    • Belelli, D.1    Casula, A.2    Ling, A.3
  • 15
    • 33744456750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and behavioral effects of allopregnanolone in healthy women
    • Timby E, Balgard M, Nyberg S, et al. Pharmacokinetic and behavioral effects of allopregnanolone in healthy women. Psychopharmacology 2006;186:414–424.
    • (2006) Psychopharmacology , vol.186 , pp. 414-424
    • Timby, E.1    Balgard, M.2    Nyberg, S.3
  • 16
    • 34249021356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of allopregnanolone on sedation in men, and in women on oral contraceptives
    • van Broekhoven F, Backstrom T, van Luijtelaar G, et al. Effects of allopregnanolone on sedation in men, and in women on oral contraceptives. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2007;32:555–564.
    • (2007) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.32 , pp. 555-564
    • van Broekhoven, F.1    Backstrom, T.2    van Luijtelaar, G.3
  • 17
    • 84959420027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brivaracetam: rationale for discovery and preclinical profile of a selective SV2A ligand for epilepsy treatment
    • Klitgaard H, Matagne A, Nicolas JM, et al. Brivaracetam: rationale for discovery and preclinical profile of a selective SV2A ligand for epilepsy treatment. Epilepsia 2016;57:538–548.
    • (2016) Epilepsia , vol.57 , pp. 538-548
    • Klitgaard, H.1    Matagne, A.2    Nicolas, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 0036348415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of epileptic animals for adverse effect testing
    • Klitgaard H, Matagne A, Lamberty Y. Use of epileptic animals for adverse effect testing. Epilepsy Res 2002;50:55–65.
    • (2002) Epilepsy Res , vol.50 , pp. 55-65
    • Klitgaard, H.1    Matagne, A.2    Lamberty, Y.3
  • 19
    • 49449094989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-convulsive and anti-epileptic properties of brivaracetam (ucb 34714), a high-affinity ligand for the synaptic vesicle protein, SV2A
    • Matagne A, Margineanu DG, Kenda B, et al. Anti-convulsive and anti-epileptic properties of brivaracetam (ucb 34714), a high-affinity ligand for the synaptic vesicle protein, SV2A. Br J Pharmacol 2008;154:1662–1671.
    • (2008) Br J Pharmacol , vol.154 , pp. 1662-1671
    • Matagne, A.1    Margineanu, D.G.2    Kenda, B.3
  • 20
    • 84962230597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant effects of brivaracetam in the 6 Hz fully-kindled mice
    • Abstract
    • Leclercq K, Kaminski RM. Anticonvulsant effects of brivaracetam in the 6 Hz fully-kindled mice. Epilepsia 2015;56(Suppl. 1):53. Abstract.
    • (2015) Epilepsia , vol.56 , pp. 53
    • Leclercq, K.1    Kaminski, R.M.2
  • 21
    • 84959478089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brivaracetam, a selective high-affinity synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) ligand with preclinical evidence of high brain permeability and fast onset of action
    • Nicolas JM, Hannestad J, Holden D, et al. Brivaracetam, a selective high-affinity synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) ligand with preclinical evidence of high brain permeability and fast onset of action. Epilepsia 2016;57:201–209.
    • (2016) Epilepsia , vol.57 , pp. 201-209
    • Nicolas, J.M.1    Hannestad, J.2    Holden, D.3
  • 22
    • 79957889858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding characteristics of brivaracetam, a selective, high affinity SV2A ligand in rat, mouse and human brain: relationship to anti-convulsant properties
    • Gillard M, Fuks B, Leclercq K, et al. Binding characteristics of brivaracetam, a selective, high affinity SV2A ligand in rat, mouse and human brain: relationship to anti-convulsant properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2011;664:36–44.
    • (2011) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.664 , pp. 36-44
    • Gillard, M.1    Fuks, B.2    Leclercq, K.3
  • 23
    • 84962277430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a differential interaction of brivaracetam and levetiracetam with the SV2A protein
    • Abstract
    • Wood M, Urbain D, Gillard M. Evidence for a differential interaction of brivaracetam and levetiracetam with the SV2A protein. Epilepsia 2015;56(Suppl. 1):215. Abstract.
    • (2015) Epilepsia , vol.56 , pp. 215
    • Wood, M.1    Urbain, D.2    Gillard, M.3
  • 24
    • 84951567516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brivaracetam augments short-term depression and slows vesicle recycling
    • Yang X, Bognar J Jr, He T, et al. Brivaracetam augments short-term depression and slows vesicle recycling. Epilepsia 2015;56:1899–1909.
    • (2015) Epilepsia , vol.56 , pp. 1899-1909
    • Yang, X.1    Bognar, J.2    He, T.3
  • 25
    • 84923946321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brivaracetam differentially affects voltage-gated sodium currents without impairing sustained repetitive firing in neurons
    • Niespodziany I, Andre VM, Leclere N, et al. Brivaracetam differentially affects voltage-gated sodium currents without impairing sustained repetitive firing in neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015;21:241–251.
    • (2015) CNS Neurosci Ther , vol.21 , pp. 241-251
    • Niespodziany, I.1    Andre, V.M.2    Leclere, N.3
  • 26
    • 84962210841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brivaracetam does not modulate the major ionic conductances in neurons
    • Abstract
    • Niespodziany I, Lukyanetz EA, Matagne A, et al. Brivaracetam does not modulate the major ionic conductances in neurons. Epilepsia 2015;56(Suppl. 1):192–193. Abstract.
    • (2015) Epilepsia , vol.56 , pp. 192-193
    • Niespodziany, I.1    Lukyanetz, E.A.2    Matagne, A.3
  • 27
    • 57849141134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Ninth Eilat Conference (EILAT IX)
    • Bialer M, Johannessen SI, Levy RH, et al. Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Ninth Eilat Conference (EILAT IX). Epilepsy Res 2009;83:1–43.
    • (2009) Epilepsy Res , vol.83 , pp. 1-43
    • Bialer, M.1    Johannessen, S.I.2    Levy, R.H.3
  • 28
    • 85011567573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brivaracetam
    • In, Shorvon SD, Perucca E, Engel J Jr, (Eds), 4th Ed, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell
    • D'Souza J, Perucca E. Brivaracetam. In Shorvon SD, Perucca E, Engel J Jr (Eds) The treatment of epilepsy. 4th Ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016:418–430.
    • (2016) The treatment of epilepsy , pp. 418-430
    • D'Souza, J.1    Perucca, E.2
  • 29
    • 84965071430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rifampin on the disposition of brivaracetam in human subjects: further insights into brivaracetam hydrolysis
    • Stockis A, Watanabe S, Scheen AJ, et al. Effect of rifampin on the disposition of brivaracetam in human subjects: further insights into brivaracetam hydrolysis. Drug Metab Dispos 2016;44:792–799.
    • (2016) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.44 , pp. 792-799
    • Stockis, A.1    Watanabe, S.2    Scheen, A.J.3
  • 30
    • 84994416022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brivaracetam population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response modeling in adult subjects with partial-onset seizures
    • Schoemaker R, Wade JR, Stockis A. Brivaracetam population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response modeling in adult subjects with partial-onset seizures. J Clin Pharmacol 2016;56:1591–1602.
    • (2016) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.56 , pp. 1591-1602
    • Schoemaker, R.1    Wade, J.R.2    Stockis, A.3
  • 31
    • 85011549714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro pharmacokinetic profile of brivaracetam reveals low risk of drug-drug interaction and unrestricted brain permeability
    • Abstract
    • Chanteux H, Kervyn S, Gerin B, et al. In vitro pharmacokinetic profile of brivaracetam reveals low risk of drug-drug interaction and unrestricted brain permeability. Epilepsy Curr 2015;15(Suppl. 1):333. Abstract.
    • (2015) Epilepsy Curr , vol.15 , pp. 333
    • Chanteux, H.1    Kervyn, S.2    Gerin, B.3
  • 33
    • 85011564585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brivaracetam and carbamazepine interaction study in adult patients with epilepsy
    • Abstract
    • Stockis A, Sargentini-Maier ML, Brodie M. Brivaracetam and carbamazepine interaction study in adult patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2015;56(Suppl. 1):210–211. Abstract.
    • (2015) Epilepsia , vol.56 , pp. 210-211
    • Stockis, A.1    Sargentini-Maier, M.L.2    Brodie, M.3
  • 34
    • 45749150011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic drugs – best practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring: a position paper by the subcommission on therapeutic drug monitoring, ILAE commission on therapeutic strategies
    • Patsalos PN, Berry DJ, Bourgeois BF, et al. Antiepileptic drugs – best practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring: a position paper by the subcommission on therapeutic drug monitoring, ILAE commission on therapeutic strategies. Epilepsia 2008;49:1239–1276.
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 1239-1276
    • Patsalos, P.N.1    Berry, D.J.2    Bourgeois, B.F.3
  • 36
    • 84950248367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive brivaracetam in adult patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures
    • Klein P, Schiemann J, Sperling MR, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive brivaracetam in adult patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 2015;56:1890–1898.
    • (2015) Epilepsia , vol.56 , pp. 1890-1898
    • Klein, P.1    Schiemann, J.2    Sperling, M.R.3
  • 37
    • 84961916255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of adjunctive brivaracetam for partial-onset (focal) seizures: pooled results from three fixed-dose, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III studies
    • Abstract
    • Quarato PP, Whitesides J, Johnson ME, et al. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive brivaracetam for partial-onset (focal) seizures: pooled results from three fixed-dose, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III studies. Epilepsia 2015;56(Suppl. 1):208–209. Abstract.
    • (2015) Epilepsia , vol.56 , pp. 208-209
    • Quarato, P.P.1    Whitesides, J.2    Johnson, M.E.3
  • 38
    • 84892935468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjunctive brivaracetam in adults with uncontrolled focal epilepsy: results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Ryvlin P, Werhahn KJ, Blaszczyk B, et al. Adjunctive brivaracetam in adults with uncontrolled focal epilepsy: results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia 2014;55:47–56.
    • (2014) Epilepsia , vol.55 , pp. 47-56
    • Ryvlin, P.1    Werhahn, K.J.2    Blaszczyk, B.3
  • 39
    • 84892937581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brivaracetam as adjunctive treatment for uncontrolled partial epilepsy in adults: a phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Biton V, Berkovic SF, Abou-Khalil B, et al. Brivaracetam as adjunctive treatment for uncontrolled partial epilepsy in adults: a phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia 2014;55:57–66.
    • (2014) Epilepsia , vol.55 , pp. 57-66
    • Biton, V.1    Berkovic, S.F.2    Abou-Khalil, B.3
  • 41
    • 85051874686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of brivaracetam as adjunctive therapy in partial-onset (focal) seizures among patients with prior levetiracetam, carbamazepine, lamotrigine or topiramate exposure
    • Chung S, Klein P, Sperling M, et al. Efficacy of brivaracetam as adjunctive therapy in partial-onset (focal) seizures among patients with prior levetiracetam, carbamazepine, lamotrigine or topiramate exposure. Neurology 2016;86(Suppl. 16):P2.027.
    • (2016) Neurology , vol.86 , pp. P2.027
    • Chung, S.1    Klein, P.2    Sperling, M.3
  • 42
    • 85059635111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of adjunctive brivaracetam (BRV) for partial-onset (focal) seizures (POS) in patients with Type IC seizures at baseline: pooled results from three fixed-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III studies
    • Diaz A, Elmoufti S, Schiemann J, et al. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive brivaracetam (BRV) for partial-onset (focal) seizures (POS) in patients with Type IC seizures at baseline: pooled results from three fixed-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III studies. Neurology 2016;86(Suppl. 16):P2.042.
    • (2016) Neurology , vol.86 , pp. P2.042
    • Diaz, A.1    Elmoufti, S.2    Schiemann, J.3
  • 43
    • 85051880762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post hoc analysis of time to sustained 50% responder status in three Phase III studies of brivaracetam as adjunctive treatment for partial-onset (focal) seizures (POS)
    • Klein P, Johnson M, Schiemann J, et al. Post hoc analysis of time to sustained 50% responder status in three Phase III studies of brivaracetam as adjunctive treatment for partial-onset (focal) seizures (POS). Neurology 2016;86(Suppl. 16):P2.036.
    • (2016) Neurology , vol.86 , pp. P2.036
    • Klein, P.1    Johnson, M.2    Schiemann, J.3
  • 46
    • 84979284223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of brivaracetam for partial-onset seizures in three pooled clinical studies
    • Ben-Menachem E, Mameniškien≐ R, Quarato PP, et al. Efficacy and safety of brivaracetam for partial-onset seizures in three pooled clinical studies. Neurology 2016;87:314–323.
    • (2016) Neurology , vol.87 , pp. 314-323
    • Ben-Menachem, E.1    Mameniškien≐, R.2    Quarato, P.P.3
  • 47
    • 85051877686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of long-term treatment with adjunctive brivaracetam for partial-onset seizures
    • Abstract
    • Toledo M, Johnson ME, Whitesides J, et al. Safety and tolerability of long-term treatment with adjunctive brivaracetam for partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 2015;56(Suppl. 1):213. Abstract.
    • (2015) Epilepsia , vol.56 , pp. 213
    • Toledo, M.1    Johnson, M.E.2    Whitesides, J.3
  • 49
    • 0021145816 scopus 로고
    • Bumetanide. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use
    • Ward A, Heel RC. Bumetanide. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. Drugs 1984;28:426–464.
    • (1984) Drugs , vol.28 , pp. 426-464
    • Ward, A.1    Heel, R.C.2
  • 51
    • 84908608377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cation-chloride cotransporters in neuronal development, plasticity and disease
    • Kaila K, Price TJ, Payne JA, et al. Cation-chloride cotransporters in neuronal development, plasticity and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014;15:637–654.
    • (2014) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 637-654
    • Kaila, K.1    Price, T.J.2    Payne, J.A.3
  • 52
    • 84875250685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2 as potential targets for novel antiepileptic and antiepileptogenic treatments
    • Löscher W, Puskarjov M, Kaila K. Cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2 as potential targets for novel antiepileptic and antiepileptogenic treatments. Neuropharmacology 2013;69:62–74.
    • (2013) Neuropharmacology , vol.69 , pp. 62-74
    • Löscher, W.1    Puskarjov, M.2    Kaila, K.3
  • 53
    • 84928067645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bumetanide for the treatment of seizures in newborn babies with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (NEMO): an open-label, dose finding, and feasibility phase 1/2 trial
    • Pressler RM, Boylan GB, Marlow N, et al. Bumetanide for the treatment of seizures in newborn babies with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (NEMO): an open-label, dose finding, and feasibility phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Neurol 2015;14:469–477.
    • (2015) Lancet Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 469-477
    • Pressler, R.M.1    Boylan, G.B.2    Marlow, N.3
  • 54
    • 0019776691 scopus 로고
    • Bumetanide–the way to its chemical structure
    • Feit PW. Bumetanide–the way to its chemical structure. J Clin Pharmacol 1981;21:531–536.
    • (1981) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 531-536
    • Feit, P.W.1
  • 55
    • 84914126995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The organic anion transport inhibitor probenecid increases brain concentrations of the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide
    • Töllner K, Brandt C, Romermann K, et al. The organic anion transport inhibitor probenecid increases brain concentrations of the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide. Eur J Pharmacol 2015;746:167–173.
    • (2015) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.746 , pp. 167-173
    • Töllner, K.1    Brandt, C.2    Romermann, K.3
  • 56
    • 84899953271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel prodrug-based strategy to increase effects of bumetanide in epilepsy
    • Töllner K, Brandt C, Topfer M, et al. A novel prodrug-based strategy to increase effects of bumetanide in epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2014;75:550–562.
    • (2014) Ann Neurol , vol.75 , pp. 550-562
    • Töllner, K.1    Brandt, C.2    Topfer, M.3
  • 57
    • 84894105348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of inhibition of bumetanide metabolism in rodents on brain penetration and effects of bumetanide in chronic models of epilepsy
    • Töpfer M, Töllner K, Brandt C, et al. Consequences of inhibition of bumetanide metabolism in rodents on brain penetration and effects of bumetanide in chronic models of epilepsy. Eur J Neurosci 2014;39:673–687.
    • (2014) Eur J Neurosci , vol.39 , pp. 673-687
    • Töpfer, M.1    Töllner, K.2    Brandt, C.3
  • 58
    • 84902346916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapeutic targeting of cation-chloride cotransporters in neonatal seizures
    • Puskarjov M, Kahle KT, Ruusuvuori E, et al. Pharmacotherapeutic targeting of cation-chloride cotransporters in neonatal seizures. Epilepsia 2014;55:806–818.
    • (2014) Epilepsia , vol.55 , pp. 806-818
    • Puskarjov, M.1    Kahle, K.T.2    Ruusuvuori, E.3
  • 59
    • 84966478681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bumetanide prodrug BUM5, but not bumetanide, potentiates the antiseizure effect of phenobarbital in adult epileptic mice
    • Erker T, Brandt C, Töllner K, et al. The bumetanide prodrug BUM5, but not bumetanide, potentiates the antiseizure effect of phenobarbital in adult epileptic mice. Epilepsia 2016;57:698–705.
    • (2016) Epilepsia , vol.57 , pp. 698-705
    • Erker, T.1    Brandt, C.2    Töllner, K.3
  • 60
    • 84940459964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity relationships of bumetanide derivatives: correlation between diuretic activity in dogs and inhibition of the human NKCC2A transporter
    • Lykke K, Töllner K, Römermann K, et al. Structure-activity relationships of bumetanide derivatives: correlation between diuretic activity in dogs and inhibition of the human NKCC2A transporter. Br J Pharmacol 2015;172:4469–4480.
    • (2015) Br J Pharmacol , vol.172 , pp. 4469-4480
    • Lykke, K.1    Töllner, K.2    Römermann, K.3
  • 61
    • 0035892605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • − cotransport splice variants in human tissues using kinetic polymerase chain reaction
    • − cotransport splice variants in human tissues using kinetic polymerase chain reaction. Anal Biochem 2001;298:218–230.
    • (2001) Anal Biochem , vol.298 , pp. 218-230
    • Vibat, C.R.1    Holland, M.J.2    Kang, J.J.3
  • 62
    • 84899417839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of the cation cotransporter NKCC1 in human brain: alternate transcripts, expression in development, and potential relationships to brain function and schizophrenia
    • Morita Y, Callicott JH, Testa LR, et al. Characteristics of the cation cotransporter NKCC1 in human brain: alternate transcripts, expression in development, and potential relationships to brain function and schizophrenia. J Neurosci 2014;34:4929–4940.
    • (2014) J Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 4929-4940
    • Morita, Y.1    Callicott, J.H.2    Testa, L.R.3
  • 63
    • 84902304606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol: pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders
    • Devinsky O, Cilio MR, Cross H, et al. Cannabidiol: pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Epilepsia 2014;55:791–802.
    • (2014) Epilepsia , vol.55 , pp. 791-802
    • Devinsky, O.1    Cilio, M.R.2    Cross, H.3
  • 64
    • 85011559862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids in epilepsy
    • Accessed March 5, 2016
    • Gloss D, Vickrey B. Cannabinoids in epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014. Available at:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009270.pub3/full. Accessed March 5, 2016.
    • (2014) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Gloss, D.1    Vickrey, B.2
  • 65
    • 76749110725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol displays antiepileptiform and antiseizure properties in vitro and in vivo
    • Jones NA, Hill AJ, Smith I, et al. Cannabidiol displays antiepileptiform and antiseizure properties in vitro and in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010;332:569–577.
    • (2010) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.332 , pp. 569-577
    • Jones, N.A.1    Hill, A.J.2    Smith, I.3
  • 66
    • 84973926538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular targets of cannabidiol in neurological disorders
    • Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, et al. Molecular targets of cannabidiol in neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2015;12:699–730.
    • (2015) Neurotherapeutics , vol.12 , pp. 699-730
    • Ibeas Bih, C.1    Chen, T.2    Nunn, A.V.3
  • 67
    • 85019525734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of cannabinoid based therapies for epilepsy
    • In, Murillo-Rodriguez E, (Ed), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Bentham Science Publishers
    • Hill AJ, Hill TD, Whalley BJ. The development of cannabinoid based therapies for epilepsy. In Murillo-Rodriguez E (Ed) Endocannabinoids: molecular, pharmacological, behavioural and clinical features. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Bentham Science Publishers, 2013:164–204.
    • (2013) Endocannabinoids: molecular, pharmacological, behavioural and clinical features , pp. 164-204
    • Hill, A.J.1    Hill, T.D.2    Whalley, B.J.3
  • 68
    • 84860685529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsive effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures
    • Jones NA, Glyn SE, Akiyama S, et al. Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsive effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures. Seizure 2012;21:344–352.
    • (2012) Seizure , vol.21 , pp. 344-352
    • Jones, N.A.1    Glyn, S.E.2    Akiyama, S.3
  • 69
    • 84897860455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel blockade by plant cannabinoids does not confer anticonvulsant effects per se
    • Hill AJ, Jones NA, Smith I, et al. Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel blockade by plant cannabinoids does not confer anticonvulsant effects per se. Neurosci Lett 2014;566:269–274.
    • (2014) Neurosci Lett , vol.566 , pp. 269-274
    • Hill, A.J.1    Jones, N.A.2    Smith, I.3
  • 71
    • 84938748697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-drug interaction between clobazam and cannabidiol in children with refractory epilepsy
    • Geffrey AL, Pollack SF, Bruno PL, et al. Drug-drug interaction between clobazam and cannabidiol in children with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia 2015;56:1246–1251.
    • (2015) Epilepsia , vol.56 , pp. 1246-1251
    • Geffrey, A.L.1    Pollack, S.F.2    Bruno, P.L.3
  • 72
    • 84951784933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial
    • Devinsky O, Marsh E, Friedman D, et al. Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial. Lancet Neurol 2016;15:270–278.
    • (2016) Lancet Neurol , vol.15 , pp. 270-278
    • Devinsky, O.1    Marsh, E.2    Friedman, D.3
  • 74
    • 85011578919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Press Relase., Accessed June 6, 2016
    • GW Pharmaceuticals. GW Pharmaceuticals announces positive Phase 3 pivotal study results for Epidiolex, 2016: Press Relase. Available at:http://www.gwpharm.com/GW%20Pharmaceuticals%20Announces%20Positive%20Phase%203%20Pivotal%20Study%20Results%20for%20Epidiolex%20cannabidiol.aspx. Accessed June 6, 2016.
    • (2016) GW Pharmaceuticals announces positive Phase 3 pivotal study results for Epidiolex
  • 76
    • 84870498540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidivarin is anticonvulsant in mouse and rat
    • Hill AJ, Mercier MS, Hill TD, et al. Cannabidivarin is anticonvulsant in mouse and rat. Br J Pharmacol 2012;167:1629–1642.
    • (2012) Br J Pharmacol , vol.167 , pp. 1629-1642
    • Hill, A.J.1    Mercier, M.S.2    Hill, T.D.3
  • 77
    • 84884550462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidivarin-rich cannabis extracts are anticonvulsant in mouse and rat via a CB1 receptor-independent mechanism
    • Hill TD, Cascio MG, Romano B, et al. Cannabidivarin-rich cannabis extracts are anticonvulsant in mouse and rat via a CB1 receptor-independent mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2013;170:679–692.
    • (2013) Br J Pharmacol , vol.170 , pp. 679-692
    • Hill, T.D.1    Cascio, M.G.2    Romano, B.3
  • 78
    • 84891534084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidivarin (CBDV) suppresses pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced increases in epilepsy-related gene expression
    • Amada N, Yamasaki Y, Williams CM, et al. Cannabidivarin (CBDV) suppresses pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced increases in epilepsy-related gene expression. PeerJ 2013;1:e214.
    • (2013) PeerJ , vol.1
    • Amada, N.1    Yamasaki, Y.2    Williams, C.M.3
  • 79
    • 79960328574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes
    • De Petrocellis L, Ligresti A, Moriello AS, et al. Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes. Br J Pharmacol 2011;163:1479–1494.
    • (2011) Br J Pharmacol , vol.163 , pp. 1479-1494
    • De Petrocellis, L.1    Ligresti, A.2    Moriello, A.S.3
  • 80
    • 84855345743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation
    • De Petrocellis L, Orlando P, Moriello AS, et al. Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012;204:255–266.
    • (2012) Acta Physiol (Oxf) , vol.204 , pp. 255-266
    • De Petrocellis, L.1    Orlando, P.2    Moriello, A.S.3
  • 82
    • 62949110733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant and antiepileptic actions of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in epilepsy models
    • Stafstrom CE, Ockuly JC, Murphree L, et al. Anticonvulsant and antiepileptic actions of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in epilepsy models. Ann Neurol 2009;65:435–447.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 435-447
    • Stafstrom, C.E.1    Ockuly, J.C.2    Murphree, L.3
  • 83
    • 35948960395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate has anticonvulsant activity in models of acute seizures in adult rats
    • Lian XY, Khan FA, Stringer JL. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate has anticonvulsant activity in models of acute seizures in adult rats. J Neurosci 2007;27:12007–12011.
    • (2007) J Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 12007-12011
    • Lian, X.Y.1    Khan, F.A.2    Stringer, J.L.3
  • 84
    • 33750443292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-Deoxy-d-glucose reduces epilepsy progression by NRSF-CtBP-dependent metabolic regulation of chromatin structure
    • Garriga-Canut M, Schoenike B, Qazi R, et al. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose reduces epilepsy progression by NRSF-CtBP-dependent metabolic regulation of chromatin structure. Nat Neurosci 2006;9:1382–1387.
    • (2006) Nat Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 1382-1387
    • Garriga-Canut, M.1    Schoenike, B.2    Qazi, R.3
  • 88
    • 84945379758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct behavioral phenotypes in novel “fast” kindling-susceptible and “slow” kindling-resistant rat strains selected by stimulation of the hippocampal perforant path
    • Langberg T, Dashek R, Mulvey B, et al. Distinct behavioral phenotypes in novel “fast” kindling-susceptible and “slow” kindling-resistant rat strains selected by stimulation of the hippocampal perforant path. Neurobiol Dis 2016;85:122–129.
    • (2016) Neurobiol Dis , vol.85 , pp. 122-129
    • Langberg, T.1    Dashek, R.2    Mulvey, B.3
  • 92
    • 0033537263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of pharmacological doses of 2-deoxyglucose on cerebral blood flow in healthy volunteers
    • Elman I, Sokoloff L, Adler CM, et al. The effects of pharmacological doses of 2-deoxyglucose on cerebral blood flow in healthy volunteers. Brain Res 1999;815:243–249.
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.815 , pp. 243-249
    • Elman, I.1    Sokoloff, L.2    Adler, C.M.3
  • 93
    • 77955340185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant actions of 2-deoxy-d-glucose
    • Gasior M, Yankura J, Hartman AL, et al. Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant actions of 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Epilepsia 2010;51:1385–1394.
    • (2010) Epilepsia , vol.51 , pp. 1385-1394
    • Gasior, M.1    Yankura, J.2    Hartman, A.L.3
  • 94
    • 77049113736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic ingestion of 2-deoxy-d-glucose induces cardiac vacuolization and increases mortality in rats
    • Minor RK, Smith DL Jr, Sossong AM, et al. Chronic ingestion of 2-deoxy-d-glucose induces cardiac vacuolization and increases mortality in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010;243:332–339.
    • (2010) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.243 , pp. 332-339
    • Minor, R.K.1    Smith, D.L.2    Sossong, A.M.3
  • 95
    • 84966686833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG)-induced cardiac toxicity in rat: NT-proBNP and BNP as potential early cardiac safety biomarkers
    • Terse PS, Joshi PS, Bordelon NR, et al. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG)-induced cardiac toxicity in rat: NT-proBNP and BNP as potential early cardiac safety biomarkers. Int J Toxicol 2016;35:284–293.
    • (2016) Int J Toxicol , vol.35 , pp. 284-293
    • Terse, P.S.1    Joshi, P.S.2    Bordelon, N.R.3
  • 96
    • 84866143610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral, cognitive, and safety profile of 2-deoxy-2-glucose (2DG) in adult rats
    • Ockuly JC, Gielissen JM, Levenick CV, et al. Behavioral, cognitive, and safety profile of 2-deoxy-2-glucose (2DG) in adult rats. Epilepsy Res 2012;101:246–252.
    • (2012) Epilepsy Res , vol.101 , pp. 246-252
    • Ockuly, J.C.1    Gielissen, J.M.2    Levenick, C.V.3
  • 97
    • 77956627000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting tumor metabolism with 2-deoxyglucose in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer and advanced malignancies
    • Stein M, Lin H, Jeyamohan C, et al. Targeting tumor metabolism with 2-deoxyglucose in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer and advanced malignancies. Prostate 2010;70:1388–1394.
    • (2010) Prostate , vol.70 , pp. 1388-1394
    • Stein, M.1    Lin, H.2    Jeyamohan, C.3
  • 98
    • 57849118517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses to the combination of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG) and docetaxel (DC) in patients with lung and head and neck (H/N) carcinomas
    • ASCO Ann. Meeting Proc., Abstract
    • Raez LE, Langmuir V, Tolba K, et al. Responses to the combination of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG) and docetaxel (DC) in patients with lung and head and neck (H/N) carcinomas. ASCO Ann. Meeting Proc. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(Suppl. 18):14025. Abstract.
    • (2007) J Clin Oncol , vol.25 , pp. 14025
    • Raez, L.E.1    Langmuir, V.2    Tolba, K.3
  • 99
    • 23044507635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing cancer radiotherapy with 2-deoxy-d-glucose dose escalation studies in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
    • Singh D, Banerji AK, Dwarakanath BS, et al. Optimizing cancer radiotherapy with 2-deoxy-d-glucose dose escalation studies in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Strahlenther Onkol 2005;181:507–514.
    • (2005) Strahlenther Onkol , vol.181 , pp. 507-514
    • Singh, D.1    Banerji, A.K.2    Dwarakanath, B.S.3
  • 100
    • 84874849789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mTOR inhibitors in tuberous sclerosis complex
    • Curatolo P, Moavero R. mTOR inhibitors in tuberous sclerosis complex. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012;10:404–415.
    • (2012) Curr Neuropharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 404-415
    • Curatolo, P.1    Moavero, R.2
  • 101
    • 46249109085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal brain malformations: a spectrum of disorders along the mTOR cascade
    • discussion 272–281
    • Crino PB. Focal brain malformations: a spectrum of disorders along the mTOR cascade. Novartis Found Symp 2007;288:260–272; discussion 272–281.
    • (2007) Novartis Found Symp , vol.288 , pp. 260-272
    • Crino, P.B.1
  • 102
    • 84879070549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mTOR inhibitors as a new therapeutic option for epilepsy
    • Curatolo P, Moavero R. mTOR inhibitors as a new therapeutic option for epilepsy. Expert Rev Neurother 2013;13:627–638.
    • (2013) Expert Rev Neurother , vol.13 , pp. 627-638
    • Curatolo, P.1    Moavero, R.2
  • 103
    • 84863727156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding a better drug for epilepsy: the mTOR pathway as an antiepileptogenic target
    • Galanopoulou AS, Gorter JA, Cepeda C. Finding a better drug for epilepsy: the mTOR pathway as an antiepileptogenic target. Epilepsia 2012;53:1119–1130.
    • (2012) Epilepsia , vol.53 , pp. 1119-1130
    • Galanopoulou, A.S.1    Gorter, J.A.2    Cepeda, C.3
  • 104
    • 28044456974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of neuronal morphology and function by the tumor suppressors Tsc1 and Tsc2
    • Tavazoie SF, Alvarez VA, Ridenour DA, et al. Regulation of neuronal morphology and function by the tumor suppressors Tsc1 and Tsc2. Nat Neurosci 2005;8:1727–1734.
    • (2005) Nat Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 1727-1734
    • Tavazoie, S.F.1    Alvarez, V.A.2    Ridenour, D.A.3
  • 105
    • 42949140259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin prevents epilepsy in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex
    • Zeng LH, Xu L, Gutmann DH, et al. Rapamycin prevents epilepsy in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann Neurol 2008;63:444–453.
    • (2008) Ann Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 444-453
    • Zeng, L.H.1    Xu, L.2    Gutmann, D.H.3
  • 106
    • 45849110311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of a neuronal model of tuberous sclerosis to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors: effects on mTORC1 and Akt signaling lead to improved survival and function
    • Meikle L, Pollizzi K, Egnor A, et al. Response of a neuronal model of tuberous sclerosis to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors: effects on mTORC1 and Akt signaling lead to improved survival and function. J Neurosci 2008;28:5422–5432.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 5422-5432
    • Meikle, L.1    Pollizzi, K.2    Egnor, A.3
  • 107
    • 66149169973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway mediates epileptogenesis in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Zeng LH, Rensing NR, Wong M. The mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway mediates epileptogenesis in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci 2009;29:6964–6972.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 6964-6972
    • Zeng, L.H.1    Rensing, N.R.2    Wong, M.3
  • 108
    • 77955845741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway suppresses acquired epilepsy
    • Huang X, Zhang H, Yang J, et al. Pharmacological inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway suppresses acquired epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2010;40:193–199.
    • (2010) Neurobiol Dis , vol.40 , pp. 193-199
    • Huang, X.1    Zhang, H.2    Yang, J.3
  • 109
    • 33947219280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin is a neuroprotective treatment for traumatic brain injury
    • Erlich S, Alexandrovich A, Shohami E, et al. Rapamycin is a neuroprotective treatment for traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2007;26:86–93.
    • (2007) Neurobiol Dis , vol.26 , pp. 86-93
    • Erlich, S.1    Alexandrovich, A.2    Shohami, E.3
  • 110
    • 84856472838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy targeting Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin improves functional outcome after controlled cortical impact in mice
    • Park J, Zhang J, Qiu J, et al. Combination therapy targeting Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin improves functional outcome after controlled cortical impact in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012;32:330–340.
    • (2012) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.32 , pp. 330-340
    • Park, J.1    Zhang, J.2    Qiu, J.3
  • 111
    • 77954484144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of development-specific targets for antiepileptogenic therapy using rapid kindling
    • Sankar R, Auvin S, Kwon YS, et al. Evaluation of development-specific targets for antiepileptogenic therapy using rapid kindling. Epilepsia 2010;51(Suppl. 3):39–42.
    • (2010) Epilepsia , vol.51 , pp. 39-42
    • Sankar, R.1    Auvin, S.2    Kwon, Y.S.3
  • 112
    • 84865631928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin attenuates the increases in seizure susceptibility and neuronal excitability following neonatal seizures in rat
    • Abstract
    • Talos DM, Sun H, Jackson M, et al. Rapamycin attenuates the increases in seizure susceptibility and neuronal excitability following neonatal seizures in rat. Epilepsy Curr 2011;11(Suppl. 1):A08. Abstract.
    • (2011) Epilepsy Curr , vol.11 , pp. A08
    • Talos, D.M.1    Sun, H.2    Jackson, M.3
  • 113
    • 84875258395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mTOR inhibition modulates epileptogenesis, seizures and depressive behavior in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy
    • Russo E, Citraro R, Donato G, et al. mTOR inhibition modulates epileptogenesis, seizures and depressive behavior in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2013;69:25–36.
    • (2013) Neuropharmacology , vol.69 , pp. 25-36
    • Russo, E.1    Citraro, R.2    Donato, G.3
  • 115
    • 33749639034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity- and mTOR-dependent suppression of Kv1.1 channel mRNA translation in dendrites
    • Raab-Graham KF, Haddick PC, Jan YN, et al. Activity- and mTOR-dependent suppression of Kv1.1 channel mRNA translation in dendrites. Science 2006;314:144–148.
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 144-148
    • Raab-Graham, K.F.1    Haddick, P.C.2    Jan, Y.N.3
  • 116
    • 33646391271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for the mTOR pathway in surface expression of AMPA receptors
    • Wang Y, Barbaro MF, Baraban SC. A role for the mTOR pathway in surface expression of AMPA receptors. Neurosci Lett 2006;401:35–39.
    • (2006) Neurosci Lett , vol.401 , pp. 35-39
    • Wang, Y.1    Barbaro, M.F.2    Baraban, S.C.3
  • 117
    • 67649382228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway suppresses dentate granule cell axon sprouting in a rodent model of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Buckmaster PS, Ingram EA, Wen X. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway suppresses dentate granule cell axon sprouting in a rodent model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci 2009;29:8259–8269.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 8259-8269
    • Buckmaster, P.S.1    Ingram, E.A.2    Wen, X.3
  • 118
    • 69549139978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of mTOR kinase in cytokine-dependent microglial activation and cell proliferation
    • Dello Russo C, Lisi L, Tringali G, et al. Involvement of mTOR kinase in cytokine-dependent microglial activation and cell proliferation. Biochem Pharmacol 2009;78:1242–1251.
    • (2009) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.78 , pp. 1242-1251
    • Dello Russo, C.1    Lisi, L.2    Tringali, G.3
  • 119
    • 84877589482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation in focal cortical dysplasia and related focal cortical malformations
    • Wong M. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation in focal cortical dysplasia and related focal cortical malformations. Exp Neurol 2013;244:22–26.
    • (2013) Exp Neurol , vol.244 , pp. 22-26
    • Wong, M.1
  • 121
    • 84872088946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of everolimus for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (EXIST-1): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial
    • Franz DN, Belousova E, Sparagana S, et al. Efficacy and safety of everolimus for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (EXIST-1): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2013;381:125–132.
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , pp. 125-132
    • Franz, D.N.1    Belousova, E.2    Sparagana, S.3
  • 122
    • 84962163403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic drug monitoring of everolimus: a consensus report
    • Shipkova M, Hesselink DA, Holt DW, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of everolimus: a consensus report. Ther Drug Monit 2016;38:143–169.
    • (2016) Ther Drug Monit , vol.38 , pp. 143-169
    • Shipkova, M.1    Hesselink, D.A.2    Holt, D.W.3
  • 123
    • 78049510428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Everolimus for subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis
    • Krueger DA, Care MM, Holland K, et al. Everolimus for subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1801–1811.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 1801-1811
    • Krueger, D.A.1    Care, M.M.2    Holland, K.3
  • 124
    • 84890806945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Everolimus treatment of refractory epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex
    • Krueger DA, Wilfong AA, Holland-Bouley K, et al. Everolimus treatment of refractory epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann Neurol 2013;74:679–687.
    • (2013) Ann Neurol , vol.74 , pp. 679-687
    • Krueger, D.A.1    Wilfong, A.A.2    Holland-Bouley, K.3
  • 125
    • 84887989959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Everolimus in tuberous sclerosis patients with intractable epilepsy: a treatment option?
    • Wiegand G, May TW, Ostertag P, et al. Everolimus in tuberous sclerosis patients with intractable epilepsy: a treatment option? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2013;17:631–638.
    • (2013) Eur J Paediatr Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 631-638
    • Wiegand, G.1    May, T.W.2    Ostertag, P.3
  • 126
    • 84899090072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors for intractable epilepsy and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis complex
    • Cardamone M, Flanagan D, Mowat D, et al. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors for intractable epilepsy and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis complex. J Pediatr 2014;164:1195–1200.
    • (2014) J Pediatr , vol.164 , pp. 1195-1200
    • Cardamone, M.1    Flanagan, D.2    Mowat, D.3
  • 128
    • 84973414834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of everolimus in patients younger than 3 years of age: results from EXIST-1, a randomized, controlled clinical trial
    • e151
    • Jozwiak S, Kotulska K, Berkowitz N, et al. Safety of everolimus in patients younger than 3 years of age: results from EXIST-1, a randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Pediatr 2016;172:151–155.e151.
    • (2016) J Pediatr , vol.172 , pp. 151-155
    • Jozwiak, S.1    Kotulska, K.2    Berkowitz, N.3
  • 129
    • 84923250272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated epilepsy
    • Curatolo P. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol 2015;52:281–289.
    • (2015) Pediatr Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 281-289
    • Curatolo, P.1
  • 130
    • 84927517194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of SCN1A-related Dravet syndrome in Denmark is 1:22,000: a population-based study from 2004 to 2009
    • Bayat A, Hjalgrim H, Moller RS. The incidence of SCN1A-related Dravet syndrome in Denmark is 1:22,000: a population-based study from 2004 to 2009. Epilepsia 2015;56:e36–e39.
    • (2015) Epilepsia , vol.56 , pp. e36-e39
    • Bayat, A.1    Hjalgrim, H.2    Moller, R.S.3
  • 131
    • 84922379236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European patient with Dravet syndrome: results from a parent-reported survey on antiepileptic drug use in the European population with Dravet syndrome
    • Aras LM, Isla J, Mingorance-Le Meur A. The European patient with Dravet syndrome: results from a parent-reported survey on antiepileptic drug use in the European population with Dravet syndrome. Epilepsy Behav 2015;44:104–109.
    • (2015) Epilepsy Behav , vol.44 , pp. 104-109
    • Aras, L.M.1    Isla, J.2    Mingorance-Le Meur, A.3
  • 132
    • 0024161982 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of effects of d-fenfluramine on brain serotonin metabolism in rats: uptake inhibition versus release
    • Fuller RW, Snoddy HD, Robertson DW. Mechanisms of effects of d-fenfluramine on brain serotonin metabolism in rats: uptake inhibition versus release. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1988;30:715–721.
    • (1988) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.30 , pp. 715-721
    • Fuller, R.W.1    Snoddy, H.D.2    Robertson, D.W.3
  • 133
    • 84930641989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characterization of an antisense knockdown zebrafish model of Dravet syndrome: inhibition of epileptic seizures by the serotonin agonist fenfluramine
    • Zhang Y, Kecskes A, Copmans D, et al. Pharmacological characterization of an antisense knockdown zebrafish model of Dravet syndrome: inhibition of epileptic seizures by the serotonin agonist fenfluramine. PLoS ONE 2015;10:e0125898.
    • (2015) PLoS ONE , vol.10
    • Zhang, Y.1    Kecskes, A.2    Copmans, D.3
  • 134
    • 84969780618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonergic modulation as effective treatment for Dravet syndrome in a zebrafish mutant model
    • Sourbron J, Schneider H, Kecskes A, et al. Serotonergic modulation as effective treatment for Dravet syndrome in a zebrafish mutant model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016;7:588–598.
    • (2016) ACS Chem Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 588-598
    • Sourbron, J.1    Schneider, H.2    Kecskes, A.3
  • 136
    • 0030876952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine
    • Connolly HM, Crary JL, McGoon MD, et al. Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine. N Engl J Med 1997;337:581–588.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 581-588
    • Connolly, H.M.1    Crary, J.L.2    McGoon, M.D.3
  • 137
    • 9444287592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of primary pulmonary hypertension. International Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group
    • Abenhaim L, Moride Y, Brenot F, et al. Appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of primary pulmonary hypertension. International Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996;335:609–616.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 609-616
    • Abenhaim, L.1    Moride, Y.2    Brenot, F.3
  • 139
    • 84945581601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose fenfluramine in the treatment of neurologic disorders: experience in Dravet syndrome
    • Schoonjans AS, Lagae L, Ceulemans B. Low-dose fenfluramine in the treatment of neurologic disorders: experience in Dravet syndrome. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2015;8:328–338.
    • (2015) Ther Adv Neurol Disord , vol.8 , pp. 328-338
    • Schoonjans, A.S.1    Lagae, L.2    Ceulemans, B.3
  • 140
    • 0029737684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Add-on therapy of fenfluramine in intractable self-induced epilepsy
    • Boel M, Casaer P. Add-on therapy of fenfluramine in intractable self-induced epilepsy. Neuropediatrics 1996;27:171–173.
    • (1996) Neuropediatrics , vol.27 , pp. 171-173
    • Boel, M.1    Casaer, P.2
  • 141
    • 85027936435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful use of fenfluramine as an add-on treatment for Dravet syndrome
    • Ceulemans B, Boel M, Leyssens K, et al. Successful use of fenfluramine as an add-on treatment for Dravet syndrome. Epilepsia 2012;53:1131–1139.
    • (2012) Epilepsia , vol.53 , pp. 1131-1139
    • Ceulemans, B.1    Boel, M.2    Leyssens, K.3
  • 142
    • 84977488478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-year extended follow-up of 10 Dravet patients treated with fenfluramine
    • Ceulemans B, Schoonjans AS, Marchau F, et al. Five-year extended follow-up of 10 Dravet patients treated with fenfluramine. Epilepsia 2016;57:e129–e134.
    • (2016) Epilepsia , vol.57 , pp. e129-e134
    • Ceulemans, B.1    Schoonjans, A.S.2    Marchau, F.3
  • 144
    • 0031567756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac valvulopathy associated with exposure to fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services interim public health recommendations, November 1997
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cardiac valvulopathy associated with exposure to fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services interim public health recommendations, November 1997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46:1061–1066.
    • (1997) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.46 , pp. 1061-1066
  • 145
    • 14444270606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the anticonvulsant properties of ganaxolone (CCD 1042; 3alpha-hydroxy-3beta-methyl-5alpha-pregnan-20-one), a selective, high-affinity, steroid modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor
    • Carter RB, Wood PL, Wieland S, et al. Characterization of the anticonvulsant properties of ganaxolone (CCD 1042; 3alpha-hydroxy-3beta-methyl-5alpha-pregnan-20-one), a selective, high-affinity, steroid modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280:1284–1295.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.280 , pp. 1284-1295
    • Carter, R.B.1    Wood, P.L.2    Wieland, S.3
  • 146
    • 74149087512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal huperzine A increases thermal escape latency and decreases flinching behavior in the formalin test in rats
    • Park P, Schachter S, Yaksh T. Intrathecal huperzine A increases thermal escape latency and decreases flinching behavior in the formalin test in rats. Neurosci Lett 2010;470:6–9.
    • (2010) Neurosci Lett , vol.470 , pp. 6-9
    • Park, P.1    Schachter, S.2    Yaksh, T.3
  • 147
    • 84874228911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alleviation of chronic pain following rat spinal cord compression injury with multimodal actions of huperzine A
    • Yu D, Thakor DK, Han I, et al. Alleviation of chronic pain following rat spinal cord compression injury with multimodal actions of huperzine A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;110:E746–E755.
    • (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.110 , pp. E746-E755
    • Yu, D.1    Thakor, D.K.2    Han, I.3
  • 148
    • 0001228360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological profile of huperzine A, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herb
    • Tang XC, Han YF. Pharmacological profile of huperzine A, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herb. CNS Drug Rev 2009;5:281–300.
    • (2009) CNS Drug Rev , vol.5 , pp. 281-300
    • Tang, X.C.1    Han, Y.F.2
  • 149
    • 84946202730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Huperzine A prophylaxis against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats is associated with increased cortical inhibition
    • Gersner R, Ekstein D, Dhamne SC, et al. Huperzine A prophylaxis against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats is associated with increased cortical inhibition. Epilepsy Res 2015;117:97–103.
    • (2015) Epilepsy Res , vol.117 , pp. 97-103
    • Gersner, R.1    Ekstein, D.2    Dhamne, S.C.3
  • 150
    • 33744931940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of huperzine A in dogs following single intravenous and oral administrations
    • Chu D, Liu W, Li Y, et al. Pharmacokinetics of huperzine A in dogs following single intravenous and oral administrations. Planta Med 2006;72:552–555.
    • (2006) Planta Med , vol.72 , pp. 552-555
    • Chu, D.1    Liu, W.2    Li, Y.3
  • 151
    • 0029084958 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of tablet huperzine A in six volunteers
    • Qian BC, Wang M, Zhou ZF, et al. Pharmacokinetics of tablet huperzine A in six volunteers. Acta Pharmacol Sin 1995;16:396–398.
    • (1995) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.16 , pp. 396-398
    • Qian, B.C.1    Wang, M.2    Zhou, Z.F.3
  • 152
    • 0023894159 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of huperzine A in rats and mice
    • Wang YE, Feng J, Lu WH, et al. Pharmacokinetics of huperzine A in rats and mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 1988;9:193–196.
    • (1988) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.9 , pp. 193-196
    • Wang, Y.E.1    Feng, J.2    Lu, W.H.3
  • 153
    • 39449098570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of huperzine A following oral administration to human volunteers
    • Li YX, Zhang RQ, Li CR, et al. Pharmacokinetics of huperzine A following oral administration to human volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007;32:183–187.
    • (2007) Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet , vol.32 , pp. 183-187
    • Li, Y.X.1    Zhang, R.Q.2    Li, C.R.3
  • 154
    • 79955444505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II trial of huperzine A in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease
    • Rafii MS, Walsh S, Little JT, et al. A phase II trial of huperzine A in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011;76:1389–1394.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 1389-1394
    • Rafii, M.S.1    Walsh, S.2    Little, J.T.3
  • 155
    • 85027925505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline- and tetracycline-class antibiotics are protective against partial seizures in vivo
    • Wang DD, Englot DJ, Garcia PA, et al. Minocycline- and tetracycline-class antibiotics are protective against partial seizures in vivo. Epilepsy Behav 2012;24:314–318.
    • (2012) Epilepsy Behav , vol.24 , pp. 314-318
    • Wang, D.D.1    Englot, D.J.2    Garcia, P.A.3
  • 156
    • 84883487503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of minocycline on seizures induced by amygdala kindling in rats
    • Beheshti Nasr SM, Moghimi A, Mohammad-Zadeh M, et al. The effect of minocycline on seizures induced by amygdala kindling in rats. Seizure 2013;22:670–674.
    • (2013) Seizure , vol.22 , pp. 670-674
    • Beheshti Nasr, S.M.1    Moghimi, A.2    Mohammad-Zadeh, M.3
  • 157
    • 84859483480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline attenuates microglia activation and blocks the long-term epileptogenic effects of early-life seizures
    • Abraham J, Fox PD, Condello C, et al. Minocycline attenuates microglia activation and blocks the long-term epileptogenic effects of early-life seizures. Neurobiol Dis 2012;46:425–430.
    • (2012) Neurobiol Dis , vol.46 , pp. 425-430
    • Abraham, J.1    Fox, P.D.2    Condello, C.3
  • 158
    • 84920972425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline inhibits brain inflammation and attenuates spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus
    • Wang N, Mi X, Gao B, et al. Minocycline inhibits brain inflammation and attenuates spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neuroscience 2015;287:144–156.
    • (2015) Neuroscience , vol.287 , pp. 144-156
    • Wang, N.1    Mi, X.2    Gao, B.3
  • 159
    • 84888430082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minocycline exerts acute inhibitory effects on cerebral cortex excitability in humans
    • Lang N, Rothkegel H, Terney D, et al. Minocycline exerts acute inhibitory effects on cerebral cortex excitability in humans. Epilepsy Res 2013;107:302–305.
    • (2013) Epilepsy Res , vol.107 , pp. 302-305
    • Lang, N.1    Rothkegel, H.2    Terney, D.3
  • 160
    • 84923853737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label pilot trial of minocycline in children as a treatment for Angelman syndrome
    • Grieco JC, Ciarlone SL, Gieron-Korthals M, et al. An open-label pilot trial of minocycline in children as a treatment for Angelman syndrome. BMC Neurol 2014;14:232.
    • (2014) BMC Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 232
    • Grieco, J.C.1    Ciarlone, S.L.2    Gieron-Korthals, M.3
  • 161
    • 77957678816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open-label add-on treatment trial of minocycline in fragile X syndrome
    • Paribello C, Tao L, Folino A, et al. Open-label add-on treatment trial of minocycline in fragile X syndrome. BMC Neurol 2010;10:91.
    • (2010) BMC Neurol , vol.10 , pp. 91
    • Paribello, C.1    Tao, L.2    Folino, A.3
  • 162
    • 79953036909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant neuropeptides as drug leads for neurological diseases
    • Robertson CR, Flynn SP, White HS, et al. Anticonvulsant neuropeptides as drug leads for neurological diseases. Nat Prod Rep 2011;28:741–762.
    • (2011) Nat Prod Rep , vol.28 , pp. 741-762
    • Robertson, C.R.1    Flynn, S.P.2    White, H.S.3
  • 163
    • 77649219653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering galanin analogues that discriminate between GalR1 and GalR2 receptor subtypes and exhibit anticonvulsant activity following systemic delivery
    • Robertson CR, Scholl EA, Pruess TH, et al. Engineering galanin analogues that discriminate between GalR1 and GalR2 receptor subtypes and exhibit anticonvulsant activity following systemic delivery. J Med Chem 2010;53:1871–1875.
    • (2010) J Med Chem , vol.53 , pp. 1871-1875
    • Robertson, C.R.1    Scholl, E.A.2    Pruess, T.H.3
  • 164
    • 3042841020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galanin type 2 receptors regulate neuronal survival, susceptibility to seizures and seizure-induced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus
    • Mazarati A, Lu X, Kilk K, et al. Galanin type 2 receptors regulate neuronal survival, susceptibility to seizures and seizure-induced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Eur J Neurosci 2004;19:3235–3244.
    • (2004) Eur J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 3235-3244
    • Mazarati, A.1    Lu, X.2    Kilk, K.3
  • 165
    • 4444310169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of seizures, hippocampal injury and neurogenesis in three models of status epilepticus in galanin receptor type 1 (GalR1) knockout mice
    • Mazarati A, Lu X, Shinmei S, et al. Patterns of seizures, hippocampal injury and neurogenesis in three models of status epilepticus in galanin receptor type 1 (GalR1) knockout mice. Neuroscience 2004;128:431–441.
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.128 , pp. 431-441
    • Mazarati, A.1    Lu, X.2    Shinmei, S.3
  • 166
    • 20444413825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of limbic status epilepticus by hippocampal galanin type 1 and type 2 receptors
    • Mazarati A, Lu X. Regulation of limbic status epilepticus by hippocampal galanin type 1 and type 2 receptors. Neuropeptides 2005;39:277–280.
    • (2005) Neuropeptides , vol.39 , pp. 277-280
    • Mazarati, A.1    Lu, X.2
  • 167
    • 0037076419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant activity of a nonpeptide galanin receptor agonist
    • Saar K, Mazarati AM, Mahlapuu R, et al. Anticonvulsant activity of a nonpeptide galanin receptor agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:7136–7141.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.99 , pp. 7136-7141
    • Saar, K.1    Mazarati, A.M.2    Mahlapuu, R.3
  • 168
    • 0023114223 scopus 로고
    • Galanin: effects on basal and stimulated insulin and glucagon secretion in the mouse
    • Lindskog S, Ahren B. Galanin: effects on basal and stimulated insulin and glucagon secretion in the mouse. Acta Physiol Scand 1987;129:305–309.
    • (1987) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.129 , pp. 305-309
    • Lindskog, S.1    Ahren, B.2
  • 169
    • 0024348129 scopus 로고
    • Effects of galanin on insulin and glucagon secretion in the rat
    • Lindskog S, Ahren B. Effects of galanin on insulin and glucagon secretion in the rat. Int J Pancreatol 1989;4:335–344.
    • (1989) Int J Pancreatol , vol.4 , pp. 335-344
    • Lindskog, S.1    Ahren, B.2
  • 170
    • 0025296281 scopus 로고
    • Galanin of the homologous species inhibits insulin secretion in the rat and in the pig
    • Lindskog S, Dunning BE, Martensson H, et al. Galanin of the homologous species inhibits insulin secretion in the rat and in the pig. Acta Physiol Scand 1990;139:591–596.
    • (1990) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.139 , pp. 591-596
    • Lindskog, S.1    Dunning, B.E.2    Martensson, H.3
  • 171
    • 78649984382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of adjunctive ezogabine (retigabine) in refractory partial epilepsy
    • Brodie MJ, Lerche H, Gil-Nagel A, et al. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive ezogabine (retigabine) in refractory partial epilepsy. Neurology 2010;75:1817–1824.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 1817-1824
    • Brodie, M.J.1    Lerche, H.2    Gil-Nagel, A.3
  • 172
    • 79955592696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ezogabine (retigabine) in partial epilepsy
    • French JA, Abou-Khalil BW, Leroy RF, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ezogabine (retigabine) in partial epilepsy. Neurology 2011;76:1555–1563.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 1555-1563
    • French, J.A.1    Abou-Khalil, B.W.2    Leroy, R.F.3
  • 173
    • 84857655167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of anticonvulsant efficacy of retigabine (ezogabine) in animal models: implications for clinical use
    • Large CH, Sokal DM, Nehlig A, et al. The spectrum of anticonvulsant efficacy of retigabine (ezogabine) in animal models: implications for clinical use. Epilepsia 2012;53:425–436.
    • (2012) Epilepsia , vol.53 , pp. 425-436
    • Large, C.H.1    Sokal, D.M.2    Nehlig, A.3
  • 174
    • 53849148633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo profile of ICA-27243 [N-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-difluoro-benzamide], a potent and selective KCNQ2/Q3 (Kv7.2/Kv7.3) activator in rodent anticonvulsant models
    • Roeloffs R, Wickenden AD, Crean C, et al. In vivo profile of ICA-27243 [N-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-difluoro-benzamide], a potent and selective KCNQ2/Q3 (Kv7.2/Kv7.3) activator in rodent anticonvulsant models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008;326:818–828.
    • (2008) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.326 , pp. 818-828
    • Roeloffs, R.1    Wickenden, A.D.2    Crean, C.3
  • 175
    • 0036827531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroactive steroids differ in potency but not in intrinsic efficacy at the GABA(A) receptor in vivo
    • Visser SA, Gladdines WW, van der Graaf PH, et al. Neuroactive steroids differ in potency but not in intrinsic efficacy at the GABA(A) receptor in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;303:616–626.
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.303 , pp. 616-626
    • Visser, S.A.1    Gladdines, W.W.2    van der Graaf, P.H.3
  • 176
    • 84938953746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential of sec-butylpropylacetamide (SPD) and valnoctamide and their individual stereoisomers in status epilepticus
    • Shekh-Ahmad T, Mawasi H, McDonough JH, et al. The potential of sec-butylpropylacetamide (SPD) and valnoctamide and their individual stereoisomers in status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 2015;49:298–302.
    • (2015) Epilepsy Behav , vol.49 , pp. 298-302
    • Shekh-Ahmad, T.1    Mawasi, H.2    McDonough, J.H.3
  • 177
    • 84937978253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of CNS-active constitutional isomers of valnoctamide and sec-butylpropylacetamide–Amide derivatives of valproic acid
    • Mawasi H, Shekh-Ahmad T, Finnell RH, et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of CNS-active constitutional isomers of valnoctamide and sec-butylpropylacetamide–Amide derivatives of valproic acid. Epilepsy Behav 2015;46:72–78.
    • (2015) Epilepsy Behav , vol.46 , pp. 72-78
    • Mawasi, H.1    Shekh-Ahmad, T.2    Finnell, R.H.3
  • 178
    • 84883200078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereoselective pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD), a new CNS-active derivative of valproic acid with unique activity against status epilepticus
    • Hen N, Shekh-Ahmad T, Yagen B, et al. Stereoselective pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD), a new CNS-active derivative of valproic acid with unique activity against status epilepticus. J Med Chem 2013;56:6467–6477.
    • (2013) J Med Chem , vol.56 , pp. 6467-6477
    • Hen, N.1    Shekh-Ahmad, T.2    Yagen, B.3
  • 179
    • 84871999498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative electrographic analysis of the effect of sec-butyl-propylacetamide on pharmacoresistant status epilepticus
    • Pouliot W, Bialer M, Hen N, et al. A comparative electrographic analysis of the effect of sec-butyl-propylacetamide on pharmacoresistant status epilepticus. Neuroscience 2013;231:145–156.
    • (2013) Neuroscience , vol.231 , pp. 145-156
    • Pouliot, W.1    Bialer, M.2    Hen, N.3
  • 180
    • 84894082208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereoselective anticonvulsant and pharmacokinetic analysis of valnoctamide, a CNS-active derivative of valproic acid with low teratogenic potential
    • Shekh-Ahmad T, Hen N, Yagen B, et al. Stereoselective anticonvulsant and pharmacokinetic analysis of valnoctamide, a CNS-active derivative of valproic acid with low teratogenic potential. Epilepsia 2014;55:353–361.
    • (2014) Epilepsia , vol.55 , pp. 353-361
    • Shekh-Ahmad, T.1    Hen, N.2    Yagen, B.3
  • 181
    • 84941022498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative teratogenicity analysis of valnoctamide, risperidone, and olanzapine in mice
    • Wlodarczyk BJ, Ogle K, Lin LY, et al. Comparative teratogenicity analysis of valnoctamide, risperidone, and olanzapine in mice. Bipolar Disord 2015;17:615–625.
    • (2015) Bipolar Disord , vol.17 , pp. 615-625
    • Wlodarczyk, B.J.1    Ogle, K.2    Lin, L.Y.3
  • 182
    • 84919958050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • sec-Butyl-propylacetamide (SPD) and two of its stereoisomers rapidly terminate paraoxon-induced status epilepticus in rats
    • Bar-Klein G, Swissa E, Kamintsky L, et al. sec-Butyl-propylacetamide (SPD) and two of its stereoisomers rapidly terminate paraoxon-induced status epilepticus in rats. Epilepsia 2014;55:1953–1958.
    • (2014) Epilepsia , vol.55 , pp. 1953-1958
    • Bar-Klein, G.1    Swissa, E.2    Kamintsky, L.3
  • 183
    • 85051874232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD), a new amide derivative of valproic acid for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain
    • Nov 24 [Epub ahead of print]
    • Kaufmann D, West PJ, Smith MD, et al. sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD), a new amide derivative of valproic acid for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Pharmacol Res 2016 Nov 24 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2016) Pharmacol Res
    • Kaufmann, D.1    West, P.J.2    Smith, M.D.3
  • 184
    • 84983027625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD) has antimigraine properties
    • Kaufmann D, Bates EA, Yagen B, et al. sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD) has antimigraine properties. Cephalalgia 2016;36:924–935.
    • (2016) Cephalalgia , vol.36 , pp. 924-935
    • Kaufmann, D.1    Bates, E.A.2    Yagen, B.3
  • 185
    • 84908056755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valnoctamide enhances phasic inhibition: a potential target mechanism for the treatment of benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus
    • Spampanato J, Dudek FE. Valnoctamide enhances phasic inhibition: a potential target mechanism for the treatment of benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2014;55:e94–e98.
    • (2014) Epilepsia , vol.55 , pp. e94-e98
    • Spampanato, J.1    Dudek, F.E.2
  • 186
    • 84979022657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis after various routes of administration of sec-butylpropylacetamide (SPD), a new CNS drug possessing a unique activity against status epilepticus
    • Mawasi H, Bibi D, Shekh-Ahmad T, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis after various routes of administration of sec-butylpropylacetamide (SPD), a new CNS drug possessing a unique activity against status epilepticus. Mol Pharm 2016;13:2492–2496.
    • (2016) Mol Pharm , vol.13 , pp. 2492-2496
    • Mawasi, H.1    Bibi, D.2    Shekh-Ahmad, T.3
  • 187
    • 84855441268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new derivative of valproic acid amide possesses a broad-spectrum antiseizure profile and unique activity against status epilepticus and organophosphate neuronal damage
    • White HS, Alex AB, Pollock A, et al. A new derivative of valproic acid amide possesses a broad-spectrum antiseizure profile and unique activity against status epilepticus and organophosphate neuronal damage. Epilepsia 2012;53:134–146.
    • (2012) Epilepsia , vol.53 , pp. 134-146
    • White, H.S.1    Alex, A.B.2    Pollock, A.3
  • 188
    • 84955237505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid after five decades of use in epilepsy: time to reconsider the indications of a time-honored drug
    • Tomson TBD, Perucca E. Valproic acid after five decades of use in epilepsy: time to reconsider the indications of a time-honored drug. Lancet Neurol 2016;15:210–218.
    • (2016) Lancet Neurol , vol.15 , pp. 210-218
    • Tomson, T.B.D.1    Perucca, E.2
  • 189
    • 74049163222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key factors in the discovery and development of new antiepileptic drugs
    • Bialer M, White HS. Key factors in the discovery and development of new antiepileptic drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010;9:68–82.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.9 , pp. 68-82
    • Bialer, M.1    White, H.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.