Cannabidiol: Pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders

Epilepsia

Volumn 55, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 791-802

  Devinsky, Orrin ^a   Cilio, Maria Roberta ^b   Cross, Helen ^c   Fernandez Ruiz, Javier ^d   French, Jacqueline ^a   Hill, Charlotte ^e   Katz, Russell ^e   Di Marzo, Vincenzo ^f   Jutras Aswad, Didier ^g   Notcutt, William George ^h,i   Martinez Orgado, Jose ^j   Robson, Philip J ^k   Rohrback, Brian G ^l   Thiele, Elizabeth ^m   Whalley, Benjamin ^e   Friedman, Daniel ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c GREAT ORMOND STREET HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^e UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^f CNR   (Italy)

^g UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^h JAMES PAGET UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^j HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO PUERTA DE HIERRO   (Spain)

^k Porton Down Science Park   (United Kingdom)

^l Infometrix Inc   (United States)

^m MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Cannabidiol; Cannabis; Dravet syndrome; GPR55; Medical marijuana; Tetrahydroacannabinol

Indexed keywords

ALPHA1 GLYCINE RECEPTOR; ALPHA3 GLYCINE RECEPTOR; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; CANNABIDIOL; CANNABINOID; CANNABINOID DERIVATIVE; CANNABIS; EQUILIBRATIVE NUCLEOSIDE TRANSPORTER; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR 55; GLYCINE RECEPTOR; MEDICAL CANNABIS; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; PHYTOCANNABINOID; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; SEROTONIN 1A RECEPTOR; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANILLOID RECEPTOR 1;

ADDICTION; ANIMAL MODEL; ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIQUITY; ANXIETY; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG INTERACTION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EPILEPSY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY; LENNOX GASTAUT SYNDROME; MENTAL DISEASE; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEIZURE; SEVERE MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY IN INFANCY; TREATMENT PLANNING; TREATMENT RESISTANT EPILEPSY;

CANNABIDIOL; CANNABIS; DRAVET SYNDROME; GPR55; MEDICAL MARIJUANA; TETRAHYDROACANNABINOL;

ANIMALS; ANTICONVULSANTS; BRAIN; CANNABIDIOL; CANNABINOIDS; EPILEPSIES, MYOCLONIC; EPILEPSY; HUMANS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; MENTAL DISORDERS; PHYTOTHERAPY; PLANT EXTRACTS; SEIZURES; SPASMS, INFANTILE;

EID: 84902304606     PISSN: 00139580     EISSN: 15281167     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/epi.12631     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Fusar-Poli P, Crippa JA, Bhattacharyya S, et al. Distinct effects of {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on neural activation during emotional processing. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66: 95-105.
2. Joy JE, Watson SJ Jr, Benson JA Jr,. Marijuana and medicine: assessing the science base. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 1999.
3. Alger BE, Kim J,. Supply and demand for endocannabinoids. Trends Neurosci 2011; 34: 304-315.
4. Abel EL,. Marihuana, the first twelve thousand years. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1980.
5. Phillips TJ, Cherry CL, Cox S, et al. Pharmacological treatment of painful HIV-Associated sensory neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS ONE 2010; 5: e14433.
6. Martin-Sanchez E, Furukawa TA, Taylor J, et al. Systematic review and meta-Analysis of cannabis treatment for chronic pain. Pain Med 2009; 10: 1353-1368.
7. Machado Rocha FC, Stefano S, De Cassia Haiek R, et al. Therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients: systematic review and meta-Analysis. Eur J Cancer Care 2008; 17: 431-443.
8. Flachenecker P,. A new multiple sclerosis spasticity treatment option: effect in everyday clinical practice and cost-effectiveness in Germany. Expert Rev Neurother 2013; 13: 15-19.
9. Reynolds JR,. Epilepsy: its symptoms, treatment, and relation to other chronic convulsive diseases. London, UK: John Churchill; 1861.
10. Gowers W,. Epilepsy and other chronic convulsive disorders. London: Churchill; 1881: 223.
11. Gloss D, Vickrey B,. Cannabinoids for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 6: CD009270.
12. Brust JC, Ng SK, Hauser AW, et al. Marijuana use and the risk of new onset seizures. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 1992; 103: 176-181.
13. Mechoulam R, Hanus L,. A historical overview of chemical research on cannabinoids. Chem Phys Lipids 2000; 108: 1-13.
14. Pertwee RG,. The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9- tetrahydrocannabivarin. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153: 199-215.
15. Mechoulam R, Shvo Y,. Hashish-I: the structure of cannabidiol. Tetrahedron 1963; 19: 2073-2078.
16. Di Marzo V, Fontana A,. Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinomimetic eicosanoid: 'killing two birds with one stone'. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1995; 53: 1-11.
17. Hill AJ, Williams CM, Whalley BJ, et al. Phytocannabinoids as novel therapeutic agents in CNS disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 133: 79-97.
18. Leweke FM, Piomelli D, Pahlisch F, et al. Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2: e94.
19. Ryan D, Drysdale AJ, Lafourcade C, et al. Cannabidiol targets mitochondria to regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels. J Neurosci 2009; 29: 2053-2063.
20. Karniol I, Carlini E,. Pharmacological interaction between cannabidiol and δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Psychopharmacologia 1973; 33: 53-70.
21. Englund A, Morrison PD, Nottage J, et al. Cannabidiol inhibits THC-elicited paranoid symptoms and hippocampal-dependent memory impairment. J Psychopharmacol 2013; 27: 19-27.
22. Schubart CD, Sommer IE, van Gastel WA, et al. Cannabis with high cannabidiol content is associated with fewer psychotic experiences. Schizophr Res 2011; 130: 216-221.
23. Garcia C, Palomo-Garo C, Garcia-Arencibia M, et al. Symptom-relieving and neuroprotective effects of the phytocannabinoid Delta(9)-THCV in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163: 1495-1506.
24. Shinjyo N, Di Marzo V,. The effect of cannabichromene on adult neural stem/progenitor cells. Neurochem Int 2013; 63: 432-437.
25. Ghosh P, Bhattacharya SK,. Anticonvulsant action of cannabis in the rat: role of brain monoamines. Psychopharmacology 1978; 59: 293-297.
26. Labrecque G, Halle S, Berthiaume A, et al. Potentiation of the epileptogenic effect of penicillin G by marihuana smoking. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1978; 56: 87-96.
27. Segal M, Edelstein EL, Lerer B,. Interaction between delta-6- tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-6-THC) and lithium at the blood brain barrier in rats. Experientia 1978; 34: 629.
28. Andrew J,. Hill TDM, Walley BJ. The development of cannabinoid based therapies for epilepsy. In, Murillo-Rodríguez Eso E, Darmani NA, Wagner E, (Eds) Endocannabinoids: molecular, pharmacological, behavioral and clinical features. Oak Park, IL: Bentham Science, 2013: 164-204.
29. Stadnicki SW, Schaeppi U, Rosenkrantz H, et al. Delta9- tetrahydrocannabinol: subcortical spike bursts and motor manifestations in a Fischer rat treated orally for 109 days. Life Sci 1974; 14: 463-472.
30. Martin P, Consroe P,. Cannabinoid induced behavioral convulsions in rabbits. Science 1976; 194: 965-967.
31. Izquierdo I, Tannhauser M,. Letter: the effect of cannabidiol on maximal electroshock seizures in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1973; 25: 916-917.
32. Chesher GB, Jackson DM,. Anticonvulsant effects of cannabinoids in mice: drug interactions within cannabinoids and cannabinoid interactions with phenytoin. Psychopharmacologia 1974; 37: 255-264.
33. Karler R, Turkanis SA,. Cannabis and epilepsy. Adv Biosci 1978; 22-23: 619-641.
34. Jones NA, Hill AJ, Smith I, et al. Cannabidiol displays antiepileptiform and antiseizure properties in vitro and in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 332: 569-577.
35. Jones NA, Glyn SE, Akiyama S, et al. Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures. Seizure 2012; 21: 344-352.
36. Colasanti BK, Lindamood C 3rd, Craig CR,. Effects of marihuana cannabinoids on seizure activity in cobalt-epileptic rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1982; 16: 573-578.
37. Consroe P, Benedito MA, Leite JR, et al. Effects of cannabidiol on behavioral seizures caused by convulsant drugs or current in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1982; 83: 293-298.
38. Turkanis SA, Smiley KA, Borys HK, et al. An electrophysiological analysis of the anticonvulsant action of cannabidiol on limbic seizures in conscious rats. Epilepsia 1979; 20: 351-363.
39. Hill TD, Cascio MG, Romano B, et al. Cannabidivarin-rich cannabis extracts are anticonvulsant in mouse and rat via a CB1 receptor-independent mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170: 679-692.
40. Gonzalez-Reyes LE, Ladas TP, Chiang C-C, et al. TRPV1 antagonist capazepine suppresses 4-AP-induced epileptiform activity in vitro and electrographic seizure in vivo. Exp Neurol 2013; 250: 321-332.
41. Rimmerman N, Ben-Hail D, Porat Z, et al. Direct modulation of the outer mitochondrial membrane channel, voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) by cannabidiol: a novel mechanism for cannabinoid-induced cell death. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4: e949.
42. Vezzani A, French J, Bartfai T, et al. The role of inflammation in epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2011; 7: 31-40.
43. During MJ, Spencer DD,. Adenosine: a potential mediator of seizure arrest and postictal refractoriness. Ann Neurol 1992; 32: 618-624.
44. Dennis I, Whalley BJ, Stephens GJ,. Effects of Delta9- tetrahydrocannabivarin on [35S]GTPgammaS binding in mouse brain cerebellum and piriform cortex membranes. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154: 1349-1358.
45. Hill AJ, Weston SE, Jones NA, et al. Delta-Tetrahydrocannabivarin suppresses in vitro epileptiform and in vivo seizure activity in adult rats. Epilepsia 2010; 51: 22-1532.
46. Ohlsson A, Lindgren J, Andersson S, et al. Single dose kinetics of cannabidiol in man. In, Agurell S, Dewey WL, Willette RE, (Eds) The cannabinoids: chemical, pharmacologic, and therapeutic aspects. Orlando: Academic Press, 1984: 219-225.
47. Hawksworth G, McArdle K,. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press; 2004.
48. Guy G, Robson P,. A Phase I, open label, four-way crossover study to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of a single dose of 20 mg of a cannabis based medicine extract (CBME) administered on 3 different areas of the buccal mucosa and to investigate the pharmacokinetics of CBME per oral in healthy male and female volunteers (GWPK0112). J Cannabis Ther 2004; 3: 79-120.
49. Lodzki M, Godin B, Rakou L, et al. Cannabidiol-transdermal delivery and anti-inflammatory effect in a murine model. J Controlled Release 2003; 93: 377-387.
50. Bergamaschi MM, Queiroz RHC, Zuardi AW, et al. Safety and side effects of cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent. Curr Drug Saf 2011; 6: 237-249.
51. Srivastava MD, Srivastava BI, Brouhard B,. Delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alter cytokine production by human immune cells. Immunopharmacology 1998; 40: 179-185.
52. Wu HY, Chu RM, Wang CC, et al. Cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in primary lymphocytes is associated with oxidative stress-dependent activation of caspase-8. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 226: 260-270.
53. Harvey DJ,. Absorption, distribution, and biotransformation of the cannabinoids Marihuana and medicine. New York: Springer; 1999: 91-103.
54. Oakley JC, Kalume F, Catterall WA,. Insights into pathophysiology and therapy from a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Epilepsia 2011; 52: 59-61.
55. Scheffer IE,. Diagnosis and long-term course of Dravet syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2012; 16 (Suppl. 1): S5-S8.
56. Nabbout R, Chiron C,. Stiripentol: an example of antiepileptic drug development in childhood epilepsies. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2012; 16 (Suppl. 1): S13-S17.
57. Volpe J,. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: neuropathology and pathogenesis. Neurol Newborn 2001; 4: 296-330.
58. Martinez-Orgado J, Fernandez-Lopez D, Lizasoain I, et al. The seek of neuroprotection: introducing cannabinoids. Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov 2007; 2: 131-139.
59. Castillo A, Tolon MR, Fernandez-Ruiz J, et al. The neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol in an in vitro model of newborn hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in mice is mediated by CB(2) and adenosine receptors. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 37: 434-440.
60. Pazos MR, Mohammed N, Lafuente H, et al. Mechanisms of cannabidiol neuroprotection in hypoxic-ischemic newborn pigs: role of 5HT(1)A and CB2 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2013; 71: 282-291.
61. Lafuente H, Alvarez FJ, Pazos MR, et al. Cannabidiol reduces brain damage and improves functional recovery after acute hypoxia-ischemia in newborn pigs. Pediatr Res 2011; 70: 272-277.
62. Pazos MR, Cinquina V, Gomez A, et al. Cannabidiol administration after hypoxia-ischemia to newborn rats reduces long-term brain injury and restores neurobehavioral function. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63: 776-783.
63. Morgan CJ, Curran HV,. Effects of cannabidiol on schizophrenia-like symptoms in people who use cannabis. Br J Psychiatry 2008; 192: 306-307.
64. Bhattacharyya S, Morrison PD, Fusar-Poli P, et al. Opposite effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on human brain function and psychopathology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35: 764-774.
65. Morgan CJ, Schafer G, Freeman TP, et al. Impact of cannabidiol on the acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of smoked cannabis: naturalistic study: naturalistic study [corrected]. Br J Psychiatry 2010; 197: 285-290.
66. ElBatsh MM, Assareh N, Marsden C, et al. Anxiogenic-like effects of chronic cannabidiol administration in rats. Psychopharmacology 2012; 221: 239-247.
67. Almeida V, Levin R, Peres FF, et al. Cannabidiol exhibits anxiolytic but not antipsychotic property evaluated in the social interaction test. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 41: 30-35.
68. Bergamaschi MM, Queiroz RH, Chagas MH, et al. Cannabidiol reduces the anxiety induced by simulated public speaking in treatment-naive social phobia patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36: 1219-1226.
69. Crippa JA, Zuardi AW, Hallak JE,. Therapeutical use of the cannabinoids in psychiatry. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2010; 32 (Suppl. 1): S56-S66.
70. Crippa JA, Derenusson GN, Ferrari TB, et al. Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25: 121-130.
71. Reynolds JR,. Therapeutical uses and toxic effects of Cannabis indica. Lancet 1868; 1: 637-638.
72. Mechoulam R, Carlini E,. Toward drugs derived from cannabis. Naturwissenschaften 1978; 65: 174-179.
73. Cunha JM, Carlini EA, Pereira AE, et al. Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients. Pharmacology 1980; 21: 175-185.
74. Ames FR, Cridland S,. Anticonvulsant effect of cannabidiol. S Afr Med J 1986; 69: 14.
75. Trembly B, Sherman M,. Double-blind clinical study of cannabidiol as a secondary anticonvulsant. Marijuana '90 International Conference on Cannabis and Cannabinoids. Kolympari, Crete, July 8-11, 1990.