메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 170, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 679-692

Cannabidivarin-rich cannabis extracts are anticonvulsant in mouse and rat via a CB1 receptor-independent mechanism

Author keywords

anticonvulsant; cannabidiol; cannabidivarin; cannabinoid; epilepsy; isobologram; radioligand binding assays; seizure; tolerability

Indexed keywords

CANNABIDIOL; CANNABIDIVARIN; CANNABINOID; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABIS; DELTA9 TETRAHYDROCANNABIVARIN; DRONABINOL; PENTETRAZOLE; PILOCARPINE; PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84884550462     PISSN: 00071188     EISSN: 14765381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bph.12321     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (166)

References (57)
  • 2
    • 25844453682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BNF. 62nd edn. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain: London.
    • BNF (2011). British National Formulary, 62nd edn. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain: London.
    • (2011) British National Formulary
  • 3
    • 0015861774 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the inhibition constant (KI) and the concentration of inhibitor which causes 50 percent inhibition (IC50) of an enzymatic reaction
    • Cheng YC, Prusoff WH, (1973). Relationship between the inhibition constant (KI) and the concentration of inhibitor which causes 50 percent inhibition (IC50) of an enzymatic reaction. Biochem Pharmacol 22: 3099-3108.
    • (1973) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.22 , pp. 3099-3108
    • Cheng, Y.C.1    Prusoff, W.H.2
  • 4
    • 0016219361 scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant effects of cannabinoids in mice: Drug interactions within cannabinoids and cannabinoid interactions with phenytoin
    • Chesher G, Jackson D, (1974). Anticonvulsant effects of cannabinoids in mice: drug interactions within cannabinoids and cannabinoid interactions with phenytoin. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 37: 255-264.
    • (1974) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.37 , pp. 255-264
    • Chesher, G.1    Jackson, D.2
  • 5
    • 0026702770 scopus 로고
    • Genetic models of absence epilepsy, with emphasis on the WAG/Rij strain of rats
    • Coenen A, Drinkenburg W, Inoue M, Van Luijtelaar E, (1992). Genetic models of absence epilepsy, with emphasis on the WAG/Rij strain of rats. Epilepsy Res 12: 75-86.
    • (1992) Epilepsy Res , vol.12 , pp. 75-86
    • Coenen, A.1    Drinkenburg, W.2    Inoue, M.3    Van Luijtelaar, E.4
  • 6
    • 0019929137 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cannabidiol on behavioral seizures caused by convulsant drugs or current in mice
    • Consroe P, Benedito MAC, Leite JR, Carlini EA, Mechoulam R, (1982). Effects of cannabidiol on behavioral seizures caused by convulsant drugs or current in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 83: 293-298.
    • (1982) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.83 , pp. 293-298
    • Consroe, P.1    Benedito, M.A.C.2    Leite, J.R.3    Carlini, E.A.4    Mechoulam, R.5
  • 7
    • 0015699219 scopus 로고
    • Acute antiepileptic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats with kindled seizures
    • Corcoran ME, McCaughran JJA, Wada JA, (1973). Acute antiepileptic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats with kindled seizures. Exp Neurol 40: 471-483.
    • (1973) Exp Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 471-483
    • Corcoran, M.E.1    McCaughran, J.J.A.2    Wada, J.A.3
  • 9
    • 79960328574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes
    • De Petrocellis L, Ligresti A, Moriello AS, Allarà M, Bisogno T, Petrosino S, et al. (2011). Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes. Br J Pharmacol 163: 1479-1494.
    • (2011) Br J Pharmacol , vol.163 , pp. 1479-1494
    • De Petrocellis, L.1    Ligresti, A.2    Moriello, A.S.3    Allarà, M.4    Bisogno, T.5    Petrosino, S.6
  • 10
    • 84856628201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma and brain pharmacokinetic profile of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarine (CBDV), Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and cannabigerol (CBG) in rats and mice following oral and intraperitoneal administration and CBD action on obsessive-compulsive behaviour
    • Deiana S, Watanabe A, Yamasaki Y, Amada N, Arthur M, Fleming S, et al. (2012). Plasma and brain pharmacokinetic profile of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarine (CBDV), Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and cannabigerol (CBG) in rats and mice following oral and intraperitoneal administration and CBD action on obsessive-compulsive behaviour. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 219: 859-873.
    • (2012) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.219 , pp. 859-873
    • Deiana, S.1    Watanabe, A.2    Yamasaki, Y.3    Amada, N.4    Arthur, M.5    Fleming, S.6
  • 11
    • 27844525479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical constituents of marijuana: The complex mixture of natural cannabinoids
    • Elsohly MA, Slade D, (2005). Chemical constituents of marijuana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids. Life Sci 78: 539-548.
    • (2005) Life Sci , vol.78 , pp. 539-548
    • Elsohly, M.A.1    Slade, D.2
  • 12
    • 0009487261 scopus 로고
    • Audiogenic seizure in genetically susceptible mice: Relation of hypothermia to onset and susceptibility
    • Essman WB, Sudak FN, (1964). Audiogenic seizure in genetically susceptible mice: relation of hypothermia to onset and susceptibility. Exp Neurol 9: 228-235.
    • (1964) Exp Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 228-235
    • Essman, W.B.1    Sudak, F.N.2
  • 14
    • 16444373665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA [Online] (accessed 13 August 2013)
    • FDA (2004). Guidance for industry: botanical drug products [Online]. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm070491.pdf (accessed 13 August 2013).
    • (2004) Guidance for Industry: Botanical Drug Products
  • 15
    • 0023931020 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the cataleptic effect of tetrahydrocannabinol by other constituents of Cannabis sativa L
    • Formukong EA, Evans AT, Evans FJ, (1988). Inhibition of the cataleptic effect of tetrahydrocannabinol by other constituents of Cannabis sativa L. J Pharm Pharmacol 40: 132-134.
    • (1988) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 132-134
    • Formukong, E.A.1    Evans, A.T.2    Evans, F.J.3
  • 16
    • 0015699503 scopus 로고
    • Electrical and behavioral attenuation of the anti-convulsant properties of 9-THC following chronic administrations
    • Fried P, McIntyre D, (1973). Electrical and behavioral attenuation of the anti-convulsant properties of 9-THC following chronic administrations. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 31: 215-227.
    • (1973) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.31 , pp. 215-227
    • Fried, P.1    McIntyre, D.2
  • 17
    • 0012358074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbid psychiatric symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy: Association with chronicity of epilepsy and impact on quality of life
    • Hermann BP, Seidenberg M, Bell B, Woodard A, Rutecki P, Sheth R, (2000). Comorbid psychiatric symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy: association with chronicity of epilepsy and impact on quality of life. Epilepsy Behav 1: 184-190.
    • (2000) Epilepsy Behav , vol.1 , pp. 184-190
    • Hermann, B.P.1    Seidenberg, M.2    Bell, B.3    Woodard, A.4    Rutecki, P.5    Sheth, R.6
  • 18
    • 84870498540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidivarin is anticonvulsant in mouse and rat in vitro and in seizure models
    • Hill A, Mercier M, Hill T, Glyn S, Jones N, Yamasaki Y, et al. (2012a). Cannabidivarin is anticonvulsant in mouse and rat in vitro and in seizure models. Br J Pharmacol 167: 1629-1642.
    • (2012) Br J Pharmacol , vol.167 , pp. 1629-1642
    • Hill, A.1    Mercier, M.2    Hill, T.3    Glyn, S.4    Jones, N.5    Yamasaki, Y.6
  • 22
    • 0031000788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of the lethargic (lh/lh) mouse model of absence seizures in predicting the effects of lamotrigine, vigabatrin, tiagabine, gabapentin, and topiramate against human absence seizures
    • Hosford DA, Wang Y, (1997). Utility of the lethargic (lh/lh) mouse model of absence seizures in predicting the effects of lamotrigine, vigabatrin, tiagabine, gabapentin, and topiramate against human absence seizures. Epilepsia 38: 408-414.
    • (1997) Epilepsia , vol.38 , pp. 408-414
    • Hosford, D.A.1    Wang, Y.2
  • 24
    • 0020615938 scopus 로고
    • Audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice discriminate sensitively between low efficacy benzodazepine receptor agonists and inverse agonists
    • Jensen LH, Petersen EN, Braestrup C, (1983). Audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice discriminate sensitively between low efficacy benzodazepine receptor agonists and inverse agonists. Life Sci 33: 393-399.
    • (1983) Life Sci , vol.33 , pp. 393-399
    • Jensen, L.H.1    Petersen, E.N.2    Braestrup, C.3
  • 26
    • 84860685529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures
    • Jones NA, Glyn SE, Akiyama S, Hill TDM, Hill AJ, Weston SE, et al. (2012). Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures. Seizure 21: 344-352.
    • (2012) Seizure , vol.21 , pp. 344-352
    • Jones, N.A.1    Glyn, S.E.2    Akiyama, S.3    Hill, T.D.M.4    Hill, A.J.5    Weston, S.E.6
  • 27
    • 84861409043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression and epilepsy: Epidemiologic and neurobiologic perspectives that may explain their high comorbid occurrence
    • Kanner AM, Schachter SC, Barry JJ, Hersdorffer DC, Mula M, Trimble M, et al. (2012). Depression and epilepsy: epidemiologic and neurobiologic perspectives that may explain their high comorbid occurrence. Epilepsy Behav 24: 156-168.
    • (2012) Epilepsy Behav , vol.24 , pp. 156-168
    • Kanner, A.M.1    Schachter, S.C.2    Barry, J.J.3    Hersdorffer, D.C.4    Mula, M.5    Trimble, M.6
  • 28
    • 0018866833 scopus 로고
    • Subacute cannabinoid treatment: Anticonvulsant activity and withdrawal excitability in mice
    • Karler R, Turkanis SA, (1980). Subacute cannabinoid treatment: anticonvulsant activity and withdrawal excitability in mice. Br J Pharmacol 68: 479-484.
    • (1980) Br J Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 479-484
    • Karler, R.1    Turkanis, S.A.2
  • 30
    • 0036036254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global burden of epilepsy
    • Leonardi M, Ustun TB, (2002). The global burden of epilepsy. Epilepsia 43: 21-25.
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , pp. 21-25
    • Leonardi, M.1    Ustun, T.B.2
  • 31
    • 79955677603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical review of current animal models of seizures and epilepsy used in the discovery and development of new antiepileptic drugs
    • Löscher W, (2011). Critical review of current animal models of seizures and epilepsy used in the discovery and development of new antiepileptic drugs. Seizure 20: 359-368.
    • (2011) Seizure , vol.20 , pp. 359-368
    • Löscher, W.1
  • 32
    • 0029049842 scopus 로고
    • Genetic absence epilepsy in rats from Strasbourg (GAERS)
    • Marescaux C, Vergnes M, (1995). Genetic absence epilepsy in rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). Ital J Neurol Sci 16: 113-118.
    • (1995) Ital J Neurol Sci , vol.16 , pp. 113-118
    • Marescaux, C.1    Vergnes, M.2
  • 33
    • 77954331629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for reporting experiments involving animals: The ARRIVE guidelines
    • McGrath J, Drummond G, McLachlan E, Kilkenny C, Wainwright C, (2010). Guidelines for reporting experiments involving animals: the ARRIVE guidelines. Br J Pharmacol 160: 1573-1576.
    • (2010) Br J Pharmacol , vol.160 , pp. 1573-1576
    • McGrath, J.1    Drummond, G.2    McLachlan, E.3    Kilkenny, C.4    Wainwright, C.5
  • 35
    • 0027398353 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative grip strength assessment as a means of evaluating muscle relaxation in mice
    • Nevins ME, Nash SA, Beardsley PM, (1993). Quantitative grip strength assessment as a means of evaluating muscle relaxation in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 110: 92-96.
    • (1993) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.110 , pp. 92-96
    • Nevins, M.E.1    Nash, S.A.2    Beardsley, P.M.3
  • 36
    • 1542351954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs
    • Ortinski P, Meador KJ, (2004). Cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav 5: 60-65.
    • (2004) Epilepsy Behav , vol.5 , pp. 60-65
    • Ortinski, P.1    Meador, K.J.2
  • 37
    • 38349158960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin
    • Pertwee R, (2008). The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. Br J Pharmacol 153: 199-215.
    • (2008) Br J Pharmacol , vol.153 , pp. 199-215
    • Pertwee, R.1
  • 38
    • 12744258029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 receptors
    • 1 receptors. Life Sci 76: 1307-1324.
    • (2005) Life Sci , vol.76 , pp. 1307-1324
    • Pertwee, R.G.1
  • 39
    • 0033883581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing risk to benefit ratio in antiepileptic drug therapy
    • Perucca E, Beghi E, Dulac O, Shorvon S, Tomson T, (2000). Assessing risk to benefit ratio in antiepileptic drug therapy. Epilepsy Res 41: 107-139.
    • (2000) Epilepsy Res , vol.41 , pp. 107-139
    • Perucca, E.1    Beghi, E.2    Dulac, O.3    Shorvon, S.4    Tomson, T.5
  • 40
    • 47049091502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of recombinant human T-type calcium channels by Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol
    • Ross HR, Napier I, Connor M, (2008). Inhibition of recombinant human T-type calcium channels by Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. J Biol Chem 283: 16124-16134.
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , pp. 16124-16134
    • Ross, H.R.1    Napier, I.2    Connor, M.3
  • 41
    • 0032982010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonist-inverse agonist characterization at CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors of L759633, L759656 and AM630
    • Ross RA, Brockie HC, Stevenson LA, Murphy VL, Templeton F, Makriyannis A, et al. (1999). Agonist-inverse agonist characterization at CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors of L759633, L759656 and AM630. Br J Pharmacol 126: 665-672.
    • (1999) Br J Pharmacol , vol.126 , pp. 665-672
    • Ross, R.A.1    Brockie, H.C.2    Stevenson, L.A.3    Murphy, V.L.4    Templeton, F.5    Makriyannis, A.6
  • 42
    • 28844489930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tale of two cannabinoids: The therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol
    • Russo E, Guy GW, (2006). A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Med Hypotheses 66: 234-246.
    • (2006) Med Hypotheses , vol.66 , pp. 234-246
    • Russo, E.1    Guy, G.W.2
  • 43
    • 79960306559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taming THC: Potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects
    • Russo EB, (2011). Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. Br J Pharmacol 163: 1344-1364.
    • (2011) Br J Pharmacol , vol.163 , pp. 1344-1364
    • Russo, E.B.1
  • 44
    • 27644440716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonistic properties of cannabidiol at 5-HT1a receptors
    • Russo EB, Burnett A, Hall B, Parker KK, (2005). Agonistic properties of cannabidiol at 5-HT1a receptors. Neurochem Res 30: 1037-1043.
    • (2005) Neurochem Res , vol.30 , pp. 1037-1043
    • Russo, E.B.1    Burnett, A.2    Hall, B.3    Parker, K.K.4
  • 45
    • 33749519562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of cannabis extracts and pure plant cannabinoids on hippocampal neurones and glia
    • Ryan D, Drysdale AJ, Pertwee RG, Platt B, (2006). Differential effects of cannabis extracts and pure plant cannabinoids on hippocampal neurones and glia. Neurosci Lett 408: 236-241.
    • (2006) Neurosci Lett , vol.408 , pp. 236-241
    • Ryan, D.1    Drysdale, A.J.2    Pertwee, R.G.3    Platt, B.4
  • 46
    • 79960062773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of phytocannabinoid-based medicines in experimental models of Huntington's disease
    • Sagredo O, Pazos MR, Satta V, Ramos JA, Pertwee RG, Fernández-Ruiz J, (2011). Neuroprotective effects of phytocannabinoid-based medicines in experimental models of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci Res 89: 1509-1518.
    • (2011) J Neurosci Res , vol.89 , pp. 1509-1518
    • Sagredo, O.1    Pazos, M.R.2    Satta, V.3    Ramos, J.A.4    Pertwee, R.G.5    Fernández-Ruiz, J.6
  • 47
    • 33846189811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Currently available antiepileptic drugs
    • Schachter SC, (2007). Currently available antiepileptic drugs. Neurother 4: 4-11.
    • (2007) Neurother , vol.4 , pp. 4-11
    • Schachter, S.C.1
  • 48
    • 33846223892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids stimulate fibroblastic colony formation by bone marrow cells indirectly via CB2 receptors
    • Scutt A, Williamson EM, (2007). Cannabinoids stimulate fibroblastic colony formation by bone marrow cells indirectly via CB2 receptors. Calcif Tissue Int 80: 50-59.
    • (2007) Calcif Tissue Int , vol.80 , pp. 50-59
    • Scutt, A.1    Williamson, E.M.2
  • 50
    • 33749007441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of drug combination analysis with isobolograms
    • Tallarida RJ, (2006). An overview of drug combination analysis with isobolograms. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 319: 1-7.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.319 , pp. 1-7
    • Tallarida, R.J.1
  • 51
    • 1642342100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6″-azidohex-2″-yne-cannabidiol: A potential neutral, competitive cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist
    • Thomas A, Ross R, Saha B, Mahadevan A, Razdan R, Pertwee RG, (2004). 6″-azidohex-2″-yne-cannabidiol: a potential neutral, competitive cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 487: 213-221.
    • (2004) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.487 , pp. 213-221
    • Thomas, A.1    Ross, R.2    Saha, B.3    Mahadevan, A.4    Razdan, R.5    Pertwee, R.G.6
  • 52
    • 18044380959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and distribution of vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in the adult rat brain
    • Tõth A, Boczán J, Kedei N, Lizanecz E, Bagi Z, Papp Z, et al. (2005). Expression and distribution of vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in the adult rat brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 135: 162-168.
    • (2005) Brain Res Mol Brain Res , vol.135 , pp. 162-168
    • Tõth, A.1    Boczán, J.2    Kedei, N.3    Lizanecz, E.4    Bagi, Z.5    Papp, Z.6
  • 53
    • 84862077856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids is neuroprotective in malonate-lesioned rats, an inflammatory model of Huntington's disease: Role of CB1 and CB2 receptors
    • Valdeolivas S, Satta V, Pertwee RG, Ferna'ndez-Ruiz J, Sagredo O, (2012). Sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids is neuroprotective in malonate-lesioned rats, an inflammatory model of Huntington's disease: role of CB1 and CB2 receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 3: 400-406.
    • (2012) ACS Chem Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 400-406
    • Valdeolivas, S.1    Satta, V.2    Pertwee, R.G.3    Ferna'ndez-Ruiz, J.4    Sagredo, O.5
  • 54
    • 0035964576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the role of CB1 receptors in cannabinoid anticonvulsant effects
    • Wallace MJ, Wiley JL, Martin BR, DeLorenzo RJ, (2001). Assessment of the role of CB1 receptors in cannabinoid anticonvulsant effects. Eur J Pharmacol 428: 51-57.
    • (2001) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.428 , pp. 51-57
    • Wallace, M.J.1    Wiley, J.L.2    Martin, B.R.3    Delorenzo, R.J.4
  • 55
    • 0141742514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endogenous cannabinoid system regulates seizure frequency and duration in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Wallace MJ, Blair RE, Falenski KW, Martin BR, DeLorenzo RJ, (2003). The endogenous cannabinoid system regulates seizure frequency and duration in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 307: 129-137.
    • (2003) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.307 , pp. 129-137
    • Wallace, M.J.1    Blair, R.E.2    Falenski, K.W.3    Martin, B.R.4    Delorenzo, R.J.5
  • 56
    • 3242661071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel component of cannabis extract potentiates excitatory synaptic transmission in rat olfactory cortex in vitro
    • Whalley BJ, Wilkinson JD, Williamson EM, Constanti A, (2004). A novel component of cannabis extract potentiates excitatory synaptic transmission in rat olfactory cortex in vitro. Neurosci Lett 365: 58-63.
    • (2004) Neurosci Lett , vol.365 , pp. 58-63
    • Whalley, B.J.1    Wilkinson, J.D.2    Williamson, E.M.3    Constanti, A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.