Psychoactive substances-Some new, some old: A scan of the situation in the U.S.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Volumn 134, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 71-77

  Maxwell, Jane Carlisle ^a  

^a Addiction Research Institute   (United States)

Author keywords

Hallucinogens; MDMA; Psychedelics; Synthetic cannabis; Synthetic cathinones

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; CANNABINOID DERIVATIVE; CATHINONE; DRUG; LYSERGIDE; PHENETHYLAMINE DERIVATIVE; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; TRYPTAMINE DERIVATIVE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG INFORMATION; DRUG LEGISLATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EMPLOYMENT STATUS; FEMALE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; MALE; MUSHROOM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

BASIDIOMYCOTA; CANNABIS;

HALLUCINOGENS; MDMA; PSYCHEDELICS; SYNTHETIC CANNABIS; SYNTHETIC CATHINONES;

ADULT; DATA COLLECTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; POISON CONTROL CENTERS; PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TEXAS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84890199692     PISSN: 03768716     EISSN: 18790046     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.011     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. American Association of Poison Control Centers American Association of Poison Control Centers Synthetic Marijuana Data 2013, Retrieved from 〈http://www.aapcc.org/alerts/synthetic-marijuana/〉 (last accessed June 30, 2013).
2. American Association of Poison Control Centers American Association of Poison Control Centers, Bath Salts Data 2013, Retrieved from 〈http://www.aapcc.org/alerts/bath-salts/〉 (last accessed June 30, 2013).
3. Andersson C., Kristinsson J.K., Gry J. Occurrence and Use of Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Containing Psilocybin Alkaloids 2009, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.
4. Barratt M.J., Cakic V., Lenton S. Patterns of synthetic cannabinoid use in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2013, 32:141-146.
5. Brandt S.D., Passie T. Research on psychedelic substances. Drug Test. Anal. 2013, 4:539-542.
6. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality Drug Abuse Warning Network Methodology Report, 2011 Update 2013, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD.
7. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality Results from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 13-4795, NSDUH Series H-46) 2013, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD.
8. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality The DAWN Report: Bath Salts Were Involved in Over 20,000 Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits in 2011 2013, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Rockville, MD.
9. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality The DAWN Report: Drug-related Emergency Department Visits Involving Synthetic Cannabinoids 2012, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Rockville, MD.
10. Corazza O., Schifano F., Parrott A.C. Novel psychoactive substances: first international conference. Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp. 2003, 2:287-288.
11. Dean B.V., Stellpflug S.J., Burnett A.M., Engebretsen K.M. 2C or Not 2C: phenethylamine designer drug review. J. Med. Toxicol. 2013, 9:172-178.
12. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction New Drugs in Europe, 2012. EMCDDA-Europol 2012 Annual report on the implementation of council decision 2004/387/JHA 2013, 36. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
13. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Understanding the 'Spice' phenomenon, EMCDDA Thematic Paper 2009, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
14. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Perspectives on Drugs: Controlling New Psychoactive Substances 2013, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
15. Every-Palmer S. Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: an explorative study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011, 117:152-157.
16. Fass J.A., Fass A.D., Garcia A.S. Synthetic cathinones (bath salts): legal status and patterns of abuse. Ann. Pharmacother. 2012, 46:436-441.
17. Forrester M.B. Synthetic Cannabinoids (Marijuana Homologs) Reported to the Texas Poison Center Network, Update: July 1 2013 2013.
18. Forrester M.B. Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts) Reported to the Texas Poison Center Network, Update: July 1 2013 2013, Copies available from Forrester at 〈Mathias.Forrester@dshs.state.tx.us〉.
19. Forrester M.B. 2C Series phenethylamine derivative exposures in Texas. Subst. Abuse 2013, 34. 81-12.
20. Forrester M.B., Kleinschmidt K., Schwarz E., Young A. Synthetic cannabinoid exposures reported to Texas poison centers. J. Addict. Dis. 2011, 30:351-358.
21. Hoyte C.O., Jacob J., Monte A.A., Al-Jumaan M., Bronstein A.C., Heard K.J. A characterization of synthetic cannabinoid exposures reported to the National Poison Data System in 2010. Ann. Emerg. Med. 2012, 60:435-438.
22. Johnston L.D., O'Malley P.M., Bachman J.G., Schulenberg J.E. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2012: Volume 1, Secondary School Students 2013, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
23. Johnston L.D., O'Malley P.M., Bachman J.G., Schulenberg J.E. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2012: Volume 2, College Students and Adults Ages 19-50 2013, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
24. Krebs T.S., Johansen P.-O. Over 30 million psychedelic users n the United States. F1000 Research 2013, 2:98. doi:10.12688/f1000research.2-98.v1.
25. Logan B.K., Reinhold L.E., Xu A., Diamond F.X. Identification of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense blends in the United Sates. J. Forensic Sci. 2012, 57:1168-1180.
26. Maxwell J.C. Substance Abuse Trends in Texas: June 2013, a report to NIDA's Community Epidemiology Work Group 2013, 〈http://www.utexas.edu/research/cswr/gcattc/documents/CurrentTrendsJune2013.pdf〉.
27. Miotto K., Striebel J., Cho A.K., Wang C. Clinical and pharmacological aspects of bath salt use: a review of the literature and case reports. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013, 132:1-12.
28. Müller H., Sperling W., Kohrmann M., Huttner H.B., Kornhuber J., Maler J-M. Letter to the Editor. Schizophrenia Res. 2010, 139:157-160.
29. Papanti D., Schifano F., Botteon G., Bertossi F., Mannix J., Vidoni D., Impagnatiello M., Pascolo-Fabrici E., Bonavigo T. Spiceophrenia: a systematic overview of Spice-related psychopathological issues and a case report. Hum. Psychopharm. 2013, 28:379-389.
30. Parrott A.C. Human psychobiology of MDMA or Ecstasy: an overview of 25 years of empirical research. Hum. Psychopharm. 2013, 28:289-307.
31. Radhakrishnan R. Cannabis, cannabinoids, and the association with psychosis. The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Human Nervous System 2013, Academic Press, New York, in press. B. Madras, M.J. Kuhar (Eds.).
32. Sewell R.A., Skosnik P.G., Garcia-Sosa I. Behavioral, cognitive and psychophysiological effects of cannabinoids: relevance to psychosis and schizophrenia. Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr. 2010, 32:S15-S30.
33. Spiller H.A., Ryan M.L., Weston R.G., Jansen J. Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of bath salts and legal highs (synthetic cathinones) in the United States. Clin. Toxicol. 2011, 49:499-505.
34. Vandrey R., Dunn K.E., Fry J.A., Girling E.R. A survey study to characterize use of Spice products (synthetic cannabinoids). Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012, 120. 238-224.
35. Winstock A., Barratt M. Synthetic cannabis: a comparison of patterns of use and effect profile with natural cannabis in a large global sample. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013, 131:106-111.
36. Winstock A., Mitcheson L., Ramsey J., Marsden J. Mephedrone: use, subjective effects and health risks. Addiction 2011, 106:1991-1996.