메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 1-192

Incarceration nation: How the United States became the most punitive democracy in the world

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84958127938     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781316471029     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (217)

References (358)
  • 1
    • 78149433570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "All Politics Is National: Using the Generic Ballot to Forecast the 2010 State Legislative Elections."
    • University of Virginia Center for Politics: Sabato's Crystal Ball., (July 29, 2010).
    • Abramowitz, Alan I. 2010. "All Politics Is National: Using the Generic Ballot to Forecast the 2010 State Legislative Elections." University of Virginia Center for Politics: Sabato's Crystal Ball. www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/aia20100 72902/ (July 29, 2010).
    • (2010)
    • Abramowitz, A.I.1
  • 3
    • 84876991163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: Amnesty International Publications
    • Amnesty International. 2012. Death Sentences and Executions 2011. London: Amnesty International Publications.
    • (2012) Death Sentences and Executions 2011
  • 4
    • 85048576200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "New Rule Permits Early Release for Thousands of Drug offenenders."
    • (July 18)
    • Apuzzo,Matt. 2014. "New Rule Permits Early Release for Thousands of Drug offenenders." The New York Times (July 18). www.nytimes.com/2014/07/19/us/new-rulepermits- early-release-for-thousands-of-drug-offenders.html?_r=0.
    • (2014) The New York Times
    • Apuzzo, M.1
  • 5
    • 25144485452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does Federalism Weaken Democratic Representation in the United States?
    • Arceneaux, Kevin. 2005. "Does Federalism Weaken Democratic Representation in the United States?" Publius 35(2):297-311.
    • (2005) Publius , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 297-311
    • Arceneaux, K.1
  • 6
    • 33748504812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Federal Face of Voting: Are Elected Officials Held Accountable for the Functions Relevant to Their Office?
    • Arceneaux, Kevin. 2006. "The Federal Face of Voting: Are Elected Officials Held Accountable for the Functions Relevant to Their Office?" Political Psychology 27(5):731-754.
    • (2006) Political Psychology , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 731-754
    • Arceneaux, K.1
  • 7
    • 0036105352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism or More? A State-of-the-art Report.
    • Arts, Wil and John Gelissen. 2002. "Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism or More? A State-of-the-art Report." Journal of European Social Policy 12(2):137-158.
    • (2002) Journal of European Social Policy , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-158
    • Arts, W.1    Gelissen, J.2
  • 9
    • 84925981493 scopus 로고
    • The Impact of a CrimeWave: Perceptions, Fear, and Confidence in the Police.
    • Baker, Mary Holland, Barbara C. Nienstedt, Ronald S. Everett, and Richard McCleary. 1983. "The Impact of a CrimeWave: Perceptions, Fear, and Confidence in the Police." Law and Society Review 17(2):319-336.
    • (1983) Law and Society Review , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 319-336
    • Baker, M.H.1    Nienstedt, B.C.2    Everett, R.S.3    McCleary, R.4
  • 11
    • 0028293428 scopus 로고
    • Racial Prejudice and Support for the Death Penalty by Whites.
    • Barkan, Steven E. and Steven F. Cohn. 1994. "Racial Prejudice and Support for the Death Penalty by Whites." Criminology & Penology 31(2):202-209.
    • (1994) Criminology & Penology , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 202-209
    • Barkan, S.E.1    Cohn, S.F.2
  • 12
    • 19744370889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Whites Favor Spending More to Fight Crime: The Role of Racial Prejudice.
    • Barkan, Steven E. and Steven F. Cohn. 2005. "Why Whites Favor Spending More to Fight Crime: The Role of Racial Prejudice." Social Problems 52(2):300-314.
    • (2005) Social Problems , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 300-314
    • Barkan, S.E.1    Cohn, S.F.2
  • 13
    • 30644457025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Politics of Punishing.
    • Barker, Vanessa. 2006. "The Politics of Punishing." Punishment and Society 8(1):5-32.
    • (2006) Punishment and Society , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-32
    • Barker, V.1
  • 14
    • 84937178905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and the Problem of Crime in 'Time' and 'Newsweek' Cover Stories, 1946 to 1995.
    • Barlow, Melissa Hickman. 1998. "Race and the Problem of Crime in 'Time' and 'Newsweek' Cover Stories, 1946 to 1995." Social Justice 25(2):149-183.
    • (1998) Social Justice , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-183
    • Barlow, M.H.1
  • 15
    • 35348840389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Bartels, Larry M. 2008. Unequal Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (2008) Unequal Democracy
    • Bartels, L.M.1
  • 17
    • 84891662073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating Contemporary Crime Drop(s) in America, New York City, and Many Other Places.
    • Baumer, Eric P. and Kevin T.Wolff. 2014. "Evaluating Contemporary Crime Drop(s) in America, New York City, and Many Other Places." Justice Quarterly 31(1):5-38.
    • (2014) Justice Quarterly , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-38
    • Baumer, E.P.1    Wolff, K.T.2
  • 18
    • 0041832346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining Spatial Variation in Support for Capital Punishment: A Multilevel Analysis.
    • Baumer, Eric P., Steven F. Messner, and Richard Rosenfeld. 2003. "Explaining Spatial Variation in Support for Capital Punishment: A Multilevel Analysis." American Journal of Sociology 108(4):844-875.
    • (2003) American Journal of Sociology , vol.108 , Issue.4 , pp. 844-875
    • Baumer, E.P.1    Messner, S.F.2    Rosenfeld, R.3
  • 21
    • 84893227299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Decline of the Death Penalty: How Media Framing Changed Capital Punishment in America.
    • eds. Brian F. Schaffner and Patrick J. Sellers. New York: Routledge, chapter 9
    • Baumgartner, Frank R., Suzanna Linn, and Amber E. Boydstun. 2010. The Decline of the Death Penalty: How Media Framing Changed Capital Punishment in America. In Winning withWords: The Origins and Impact of Framing, eds. Brian F. Schaffner and Patrick J. Sellers. New York: Routledge, chapter 9, pp. 159-184.
    • (2010) Winning withWords: The Origins and Impact of Framing , pp. 159-184
    • Baumgartner, F.R.1    Linn, S.2    Boydstun, A.E.3
  • 22
    • 70449640996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The News Media's Influence on Criminal Justice Policy: How Market-Driven News Promotes Punitiveness."
    • Beale, Sara Sun. 2006. "The News Media's Influence on Criminal Justice Policy: How Market-Driven News Promotes Punitiveness."William and Mary Law Review 48(2):397-481.
    • (2006) William and Mary Law Review , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 397-481
    • Beale, S.S.1
  • 23
    • 85048567550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California: Three Strikes Laws and the Limits of the Eighth Amendment Proportionality Review. In Criminal Law Stories, eds. Donna Coker and Robert Weisberg. New York: Foundation Press/Thomas Reuters
    • Beale, Sara Sun. 2013. The Story of Ewing v. California: Three Strikes Laws and the Limits of the Eighth Amendment Proportionality Review. In Criminal Law Stories, eds. Donna Coker and Robert Weisberg. New York: Foundation Press/Thomas Reuters.
    • (2013) The Story of Ewing v
    • Beale, S.S.1
  • 24
    • 84974159456 scopus 로고
    • A Survey Study of Hawaiian Judges: The Effects on Decisions of Judicial Role Variations.
    • Becker, Theodore L. 1966. "A Survey Study of Hawaiian Judges: The Effects on Decisions of Judicial Role Variations." American Political Science Review 60(3):677-680.
    • (1966) American Political Science Review , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 677-680
    • Becker, T.L.1
  • 26
    • 85037335793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Cash and Conviction: Money Sanctions as Misguided Policy.
    • Beckett, Katherine and Alexes Harris. 2011. "On Cash and Conviction: Money Sanctions as Misguided Policy." Criminology and Public Policy 10(3):509-537.
    • (2011) Criminology and Public Policy , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 509-537
    • Beckett, K.1    Harris, A.2
  • 27
  • 28
    • 85048590183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [1908]. New Brunswick,NJ: Transaction Publishers.
    • Bentley, Arthur F. 2008 [1908]. The Process of Government. New Brunswick,NJ: Transaction Publishers.
    • (2008) The Process of Government.
    • Bentley, A.F.1
  • 29
    • 84971812722 scopus 로고
    • State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis.
    • Berry, Frances Stokes and William D. Berry. 1990. "State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis." American Political Science Review 84(2):395-415.
    • (1990) American Political Science Review , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 395-415
    • Berry, F.S.1    Berry, W.D.2
  • 31
    • 84921309217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In Moral Panic and the Politics of Anxiety, ed. Sean Hier. New York: Routledge, chapter 3
    • Best, Joel. 2011. Locating Moral Panics within the Sociology of Social Problems. In Moral Panic and the Politics of Anxiety, ed. Sean Hier. New York: Routledge, chapter 3, pp. 37-52.
    • (2011) Locating Moral Panics within the Sociology of Social Problems. , pp. 37-52
    • Best, J.1
  • 33
    • 84984329426 scopus 로고
    • Trend and Deviation in Crime Rates: A Comparison of UCR and NCS Data for Burglary and Robbery.
    • Blumstein, Alfred, Jacqueline Cohen, and Richard Rosenfeld. 1991. "Trend and Deviation in Crime Rates: A Comparison of UCR and NCS Data for Burglary and Robbery." Criminology 29(2):237-263.
    • (1991) Criminology , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-263
    • Blumstein, A.1    Cohen, J.2    Rosenfeld, R.3
  • 34
    • 84984348008 scopus 로고
    • The UCR-NCS Relationship Revisited: A Reply to Menard.
    • Blumstein, Alfred, Jacqueline Cohen, and Richard Rosenfeld. 1992. "The UCR-NCS Relationship Revisited: A Reply to Menard." Criminology 30(1):115-124.
    • (1992) Criminology , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-124
    • Blumstein, A.1    Cohen, J.2    Rosenfeld, R.3
  • 35
    • 41049084447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-National Measures of Punitiveness.
    • Blumstein, Alfred, Michael Tonry, and Asheley Van Ness. 2005. "Cross-National Measures of Punitiveness." Crime and Justice 33(1):347-376.
    • (2005) Crime and Justice , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 347-376
    • Blumstein, A.1    Tonry, M.2    Ness, A.V.3
  • 36
    • 79251623277 scopus 로고
    • Nixon's Southern Strategy 'It's All in the Charts
    • New York Times., (May 17, 1970).
    • Boyd, James. 1970. "Nixon's Southern Strategy 'It's All in the Charts,"' New York Times. www.nytimes.com/packages/html/books/phillips-southern.pdf (May 17, 1970).
    • (1970)
    • Boyd, J.1
  • 37
    • 85017896549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Boydstun, Amber E. 2013. Making the News. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2013) Making the News
    • Boydstun, A.E.1
  • 38
    • 41749102212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State Public Opinion, the Death Penalty and the Practice of Electing Judges.
    • Brace, Paul R. and Brent Boyea. 2008. "State Public Opinion, the Death Penalty and the Practice of Electing Judges." American Journal of Political Science 52(2): 360-372.
    • (2008) American Journal of Political Science , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 360-372
    • Brace, P.R.1    Boyea, B.2
  • 39
    • 33744915577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Dog that Did Not Bark.
    • Brown, Elizabeth K. 2006. "The Dog that Did Not Bark." Punishment and Society 8(3):287-312.
    • (2006) Punishment and Society , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 287-312
    • Brown, E.K.1
  • 42
    • 15844370477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criminal Justice and Health and Human Services: An Exploration of Overlapping Needs, Resources, and Interests in Brooklyn Neighborhoods.
    • Cadora, Eric, Mannix Gordon, and Charles Swartz. 2002. Criminal Justice and Health and Human Services: An Exploration of Overlapping Needs, Resources, and Interests in Brooklyn Neighborhoods. www.urban.org/research/ publication/criminal-justice-and-health-and-human-services/view/full_report. Urban Institute.
    • (2002)
    • Cadora, E.1    Gordon, M.2    Swartz, C.3
  • 43
    • 84898395804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential Campaigns and the National Vote. 2nd edn. College Station: Texas A & M University Press
    • Campbell, James E. 2008. The American Campaign: U.S. Presidential Campaigns and the National Vote. 2nd edn. College Station: Texas A & M University Press.
    • (2008) The American Campaign: U.S
    • Campbell, J.E.1
  • 44
    • 33845324914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • Canes-Wrone, Brandice. 2006. Who Leads Whom? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2006) Who Leads Whom?
    • Canes-Wrone, B.1
  • 48
    • 85048554336 scopus 로고
    • "Public Sending a Message to Judges: Get Tough."
    • The Boston Globe. December 8, 1976
    • Chamberlin, Tony. 1976. "Public Sending a Message to Judges: Get Tough." The Boston Globe. December 8, 1976, pp. 1 and 14.
    • (1976) , pp. 1-14
    • Chamberlin, T.1
  • 51
    • 84930904349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cruel and Unusual: The Story of Leandro Andrade.
    • Chemerinksy, Erwin. 2003. "Cruel and Unusual: The Story of Leandro Andrade." Drake Law Review 52(1):1-24.
    • (2003) Drake Law Review , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-24
    • Chemerinksy, E.1
  • 52
    • 38949153412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do Harsher Prison Conditions Reduce Recidivism? A Discontinuity-based Approach.
    • Chen, Keith M. and Jesse M. Shapiro. 2007. "Do Harsher Prison Conditions Reduce Recidivism? A Discontinuity-based Approach." American Law and Economics Review 9(1):1-29.
    • (2007) American Law and Economics Review , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-29
    • Chen, K.M.1    Shapiro, J.M.2
  • 54
    • 3142679359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Typification of Crime and Support for Punitive Measures.
    • Chiricos, Ted, Kelly Welch, and Marc Gertz. 2004. "Racial Typification of Crime and Support for Punitive Measures." Criminology 42(2):358-390.
    • (2004) Criminology , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 358-390
    • Chiricos, T.1    Welch, K.2    Gertz, M.3
  • 55
    • 84935919770 scopus 로고
    • Rates of Crime and Unemployment: An Analysis of Aggregate Research Evidence.
    • Chiricos, Theodore G. 1987. "Rates of Crime and Unemployment: An Analysis of Aggregate Research Evidence." Social Problems 34(2):187-212.
    • (1987) Social Problems , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-212
    • Chiricos, T.G.1
  • 58
    • 84882387715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incarceration and Communities.
    • Clear, Todd R. 2009. "Incarceration and Communities." Criminal Justice Matters 75(1):26-27.
    • (2009) Criminal Justice Matters , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-27
    • Clear, T.R.1
  • 61
    • 84925906573 scopus 로고
    • Public Opinion and Federal Judicial Policy.
    • Cook, Beverley B. 1977. "Public Opinion and Federal Judicial Policy." American Journal of Political Science 21(3):567-600.
    • (1977) American Journal of Political Science , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 567-600
    • Cook, B.B.1
  • 62
    • 85008944661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: CIVITAS Institute for the Study of Civil Society
    • Cowen, Nick. 2010. Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries. London: CIVITAS Institute for the Study of Civil Society.
    • (2010) Comparisons of Crime in OECD Countries
    • Cowen, N.1
  • 63
    • 0013334365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Opinion about Punishment and Corrections.
    • Cullen, Francis T., Bonnie S. Fisher, and Brandon K. Applegate. 2000. "Public Opinion about Punishment and Corrections." Crime and Justice 27(1):1-79.
    • (2000) Crime and Justice , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-79
    • Cullen, F.T.1    Fisher, B.S.2    Applegate, B.K.3
  • 64
    • 0039479721 scopus 로고
    • Explaining the Get Tough Movement: Can the Public be Blamed?
    • Cullen, Francis T., Gregory A. Clark, and John F. Wozniak. 1985. "Explaining the Get Tough Movement: Can the Public be Blamed?" Federal Probation 16(2): 16-24.
    • (1985) Federal Probation , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 16-24
    • Cullen, F.T.1    Clark, G.A.2    Wozniak, J.F.3
  • 65
    • 85048534814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrences and Forms of the Hallucinogens.
    • In Hallucinogens: A Forensic Drug Handbook, ed. Richard Laing. London: Elsevier Science Ltd, chapter 2
    • Dal Cason, Terry A. and Edward S. Franzosa. 2003. Occurrences and Forms of the Hallucinogens. In Hallucinogens: A Forensic Drug Handbook, ed. Richard Laing. London: Elsevier Science Ltd, chapter 2, pp. 37-65.
    • (2003) , pp. 37-65
    • Dal Cason, T.A.1    Franzosa, E.S.2
  • 66
    • 57749128627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media Framing of Capital Punishment and Its Impact on Individuals' Cognitive Responses.
    • Dardis, Frank E., Frank R. Baumgartner, Amber E. Boydstun, Suzanna De Boef, and Fuyuan Shen. 2008. "Media Framing of Capital Punishment and Its Impact on Individuals' Cognitive Responses." Mass Communication and Society 11(2): 115-140.
    • (2008) Mass Communication and Society , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-140
    • Dardis, F.E.1    Baumgartner, F.R.2    Boydstun, A.E.3    Boef, S.D.4    Shen, F.5
  • 69
    • 84925921437 scopus 로고
    • Conservative Weather in a Liberalizing Climate: Change in Selected NORC General Social Survey Items, 1972-1978.
    • Davis, James A. 1980. "Conservative Weather in a Liberalizing Climate: Change in Selected NORC General Social Survey Items, 1972-1978." Social Forces 58(4):1129-1156.
    • (1980) Social Forces , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 1129-1156
    • Davis, J.A.1
  • 72
    • 85048545067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Depression, PTSD, and Comorbidity in United States Corrections Professionals: Prevalence and Impact on Health and Functioning."
    • Denhof, Michael D. and Caterina G. Spinaris. 2013. "Depression, PTSD, and Comorbidity in United States Corrections Professionals: Prevalence and Impact on Health and Functioning." Desert Waters Correctional Outreach. http:// desertwaters.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Comorbidity_Study_09-03-131.pdf.
    • (2013) Desert Waters Correctional Outreach.
    • Denhof, M.D.1    Spinaris, C.G.2
  • 73
    • 0003929371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Truth in Sentencing in State Prisons."
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report
    • Ditton, Paula M. and Doris James Wilson. 1999. "Truth in Sentencing in State Prisons." Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, pp. 1-16. http://bjs.gov/ content/pub/pdf/tssp.pdf.
    • (1999) , pp. 1-16
    • Ditton, P.M.1    Wilson, D.J.2
  • 75
    • 84905276936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the Relative Benefits of Incarceration: Overall Changes and the Benefits on the Margin.
    • In Do Prisons Make Us Safer? eds. Steven Raphael and Michael A. Stoll. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 9
    • Donohue, John J., III. 2009. Assessing the Relative Benefits of Incarceration: Overall Changes and the Benefits on the Margin. In Do Prisons Make Us Safer? eds. Steven Raphael and Michael A. Stoll. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 9, pp. 269-341.
    • (2009) , pp. 269-341
    • Donohue, J.J.1
  • 76
    • 32844458633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uses and Abuses of Empirical Evidence in the Death Penalty Debate.
    • Donohue, John J. and Justin Wolfers. 2005. "Uses and Abuses of Empirical Evidence in the Death Penalty Debate." Stanford Law Review 58(3):791-845.
    • (2005) Stanford Law Review , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 791-845
    • Donohue, J.J.1    Wolfers, J.2
  • 78
    • 0035457368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Implications of Framing Effects for Citizen Competence.
    • Druckman, James N. 2001. "The Implications of Framing Effects for Citizen Competence." Political Behavior 23(3):225-256.
    • (2001) Political Behavior , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-256
    • Druckman, J.N.1
  • 79
    • 33845321893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lumpers and Splitters: The Public Opinion Information that Politicians Collect and Use.
    • Druckman, JamesN. and Lawrence R. Jacobs. 2006. "Lumpers and Splitters: The Public Opinion Information that Politicians Collect and Use." Public Opinion Quarterly 70(4):453-476.
    • (2006) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.70 , Issue.4 , pp. 453-476
    • Druckman, J.N.1    Jacobs, L.R.2
  • 80
    • 84905308374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segmented Representation: The Reagan White House and Disproportionate Responsiveness.
    • In Who Gets Represented? eds. Peter K. Enns and Christopher Wlezien. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 6
    • Druckman, James N. and Lawrence R. Jacobs. 2011. Segmented Representation: The Reagan White House and Disproportionate Responsiveness. In Who Gets Represented? eds. Peter K. Enns and Christopher Wlezien. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 6, pp. 166-188.
    • (2011) , pp. 166-188
    • Druckman, J.N.1    Jacobs, L.R.2
  • 81
    • 38249006497 scopus 로고
    • Public Opinion Regarding Sentences for Crime: Does it Exist?
    • Durham, Alexis M., III. 1993. "Public Opinion Regarding Sentences for Crime: Does it Exist?" Journal of Criminal Justice 21(1):1-11.
    • (1993) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-11
    • Durham, A.M.1
  • 86
    • 67849118612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symbolic Ideology in the American Electorate.
    • Ellis, Christopher and James A. Stimson. 2009. "Symbolic Ideology in the American Electorate." Electoral Studies 28(3):388-402.
    • (2009) Electoral Studies , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 388-402
    • Ellis, C.1    Stimson, J.A.2
  • 87
    • 33749664551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Dynamic Consequences of Nonvoting in American National Elections.
    • Ellis, Christopher R., Joseph Daniel Ura, and Jenna Ashley Robinson. 2006. "The Dynamic Consequences of Nonvoting in American National Elections." Political Research Quarterly 59(2):227-233.
    • (2006) Political Research Quarterly , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-233
    • Ellis, C.R.1    Ura, J.D.2    Robinson, J.A.3
  • 88
    • 84881605810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Public's Increasing Punitiveness and Its Influence on Mass Incarceration in the United States."
    • Paper presented at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.
    • Enns, Peter K. 2010. "The Public's Increasing Punitiveness and Its Influence on Mass Incarceration in the United States." Paper presented at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.
    • (2010)
    • Enns, P.K.1
  • 89
    • 84907992917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Public's Increasing Punitiveness and Its Influence on Mass Incarceration in the United States."
    • Enns, Peter K. 2014a. "The Public's Increasing Punitiveness and Its Influence on Mass Incarceration in the United States." American Journal of Political Science 58(4):857-872.
    • (2014) American Journal of Political Science , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 857-872
    • Enns, P.K.1
  • 90
    • 84907992917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Supplementary/Online Appendix for: The Public's Increasing Punitiveness and Its Influence on Mass Incarceration in the United States."
    • Enns, Peter K. 2014b. "Supplementary/Online Appendix for: The Public's Increasing Punitiveness and Its Influence on Mass Incarceration in the United States." American Journal of Political Science 54(4). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajps .12098/suppinfo.
    • (2014) American Journal of Political Science , vol.54 , Issue.4
    • Enns, P.K.1
  • 91
    • 84962301889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative Policy Support and Coincidental Representation.
    • Enns, Peter K. 2015. "Relative Policy Support and Coincidental Representation." Perspectives on Politics. 13(4): 1053-1064.
    • (2015) Perspectives on Politics. , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 1053-1064
    • Enns, P.K.1
  • 92
    • 69649107902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy Mood and Political Sophistication: Why Everybody Moves Mood.
    • Enns, Peter K. and Paul M. Kellstedt. 2008. "Policy Mood and Political Sophistication: Why Everybody Moves Mood." British Journal of Political Science 38(3): 433-454.
    • (2008) British Journal of Political Science , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 433-454
    • Enns, P.K.1    Kellstedt, P.M.2
  • 93
    • 84890224093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Opinion in the U.S. States: 1956 to 2010.
    • Enns, Peter K. and Julianna Koch. 2013. "Public Opinion in the U.S. States: 1956 to 2010." State Politics and Policy Quarterly 13(3):349-372.
    • (2013) State Politics and Policy Quarterly , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-372
    • Enns, P.K.1    Koch, J.2
  • 94
    • 84945340062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State Policy Mood: The Importance of Over-Time Dynamics.
    • Enns, Peter K. and Julianna Koch. 2015. "State Policy Mood: The Importance of Over-Time Dynamics." State Politics and Policy Quarterly 15(4):436-446.
    • (2015) State Politics and Policy Quarterly , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 436-446
    • Enns, P.K.1    Koch, J.2
  • 95
    • 84927716050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Time Series Analysis and Spurious Regression: An Error Correction."
    • Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA.
    • Enns, Peter K., Takaaki Masaki, and Nathan Kelly. 2014. "Time Series Analysis and Spurious Regression: An Error Correction." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA.
    • (2014)
    • Enns, P.K.1    Masaki, T.2    Kelly, N.3
  • 96
    • 84868479821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Role of Partisanship in Aggregate Opinion.
    • Enns, Peter K. and Gregory McAvoy. 2012. "The Role of Partisanship in Aggregate Opinion." Political Behavior 34(4):627-651.
    • (2012) Political Behavior , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 627-651
    • Enns, P.K.1    McAvoy, G.2
  • 97
    • 84880400371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential Campaigns and the Fundamentals Reconsidered.
    • Enns, Peter K. and Brian Richman. 2013. "Presidential Campaigns and the Fundamentals Reconsidered." Journal of Politics 75(3):803-820.
    • (2013) Journal of Politics , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 803-820
    • Enns, P.K.1    Richman, B.2
  • 98
    • 85048579823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Great Recession and State Criminal Justice Policy: Do Economic Hard Times Matter?"
    • Russell Sage Foundation Great Recession Brief.
    • Enns, Peter K. and Delphia Shanks-Booth. 2015. "The Great Recession and State Criminal Justice Policy: Do Economic Hard Times Matter?" Russell Sage Foundation Great Recession Brief.
    • (2015)
    • Enns, P.K.1    Shanks-Booth, D.2
  • 99
    • 84864748666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group Opinion and the Study of Representation.
    • In Who Gets Represented? eds. Peter K. Enns and Christopher Wlezien. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 1
    • Enns, Peter K. and Christopher Wlezien. 2011. Group Opinion and the Study of Representation. In Who Gets Represented? eds. Peter K. Enns and Christopher Wlezien. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 1, pp. 1-25.
    • (2011) , pp. 1-25
    • Enns, P.K.1    Wlezien, C.2
  • 100
  • 101
    • 84860360786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does Public Opinion Influence the Supreme Court? Possibly Yes (But We're Not Sure Why).
    • Epstein, Lee and Andrew D. Martin. 2011. "Does Public Opinion Influence the Supreme Court? Possibly Yes (But We're Not Sure Why)." University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 13(2):263-281.
    • (2011) University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-281
    • Epstein, L.1    Martin, A.D.2
  • 102
    • 85050832037 scopus 로고
    • Who Voted for Goldwater: TheWisconsin Case.
    • Epstein, Leon D. and Austin Ranney. 1966. "Who Voted for Goldwater: TheWisconsin Case." Political Science Quarterly 81(1):82-94.
    • (1966) Political Science Quarterly , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 82-94
    • Epstein, L.D.1    Ranney, A.2
  • 104
    • 84963565256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Fractionally Integrated Data and the Autodistributed Lage Model: Results from a Simulation Study."
    • Political Analysis. Forthcoming.
    • Esarey, Justin. 2016. "Fractionally Integrated Data and the Autodistributed Lage Model: Results from a Simulation Study." Political Analysis. Forthcoming.
    • (2016)
    • Esarey, J.1
  • 106
    • 84869195851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy Feedback and the Criminal Justice Agenda.
    • Farrall, Stephen and Will Jennings. 2012. "Policy Feedback and the Criminal Justice Agenda." Contemporary British History 26(4):467-488.
    • (2012) Contemporary British History , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 467-488
    • Farrall, S.1    Jennings, W.2
  • 108
    • 84968392372 scopus 로고
    • U.S. House Members in Their Constituencies: An Exploration.
    • Fenno, Richard F., 1977. "U.S. House Members in Their Constituencies: An Exploration." American Political Science Review 71(3):883-917.
    • (1977) American Political Science Review , vol.71 , Issue.3 , pp. 883-917
    • Fenno, R.F.J.1
  • 110
    • 0003691018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Addressing Correctional Office Stress: Programs and Strategies."
    • U.S. Department of Justice
    • Finn, Peter. 2000. "Addressing Correctional Office Stress: Programs and Strategies." U.S. Department of Justice (www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/183474.pdf).
    • (2000)
    • Finn, P.1
  • 112
    • 84859732329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Critiques of Mass Incarceration: Beyond the New Jim Crow.
    • Forman, James, Jr. 2012. "Racial Critiques of Mass Incarceration: Beyond the New Jim Crow." New York University Law Review 87(1):101-146.
    • (2012) New York University Law Review , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-146
    • Forman, J.J.1
  • 113
    • 36749096901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incarceration and Intergenerational Social Exclusion.
    • Foster, Holly and John Hagan. 2007. "Incarceration and Intergenerational Social Exclusion." Social Problems 54(4):399-433.
    • (2007) Social Problems , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 399-433
    • Foster, H.1    Hagan, J.2
  • 114
    • 58849165863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inequality and Growth in the United States: Evidence from a New State-Level Panel of Income Inequality Measures.
    • Frank, Mark W. 2009. "Inequality and Growth in the United States: Evidence from a New State-Level Panel of Income Inequality Measures." Economic Inquiry 47(1):55-68.
    • (2009) Economic Inquiry , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-68
    • Frank, M.W.1
  • 115
    • 85045165613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond Public Opinion Polls: Punitive Public Sentiment & Criminal Justice Policy.
    • Frost, Natasha A. 2010. "Beyond Public Opinion Polls: Punitive Public Sentiment & Criminal Justice Policy." Sociology Compass 4(3):156-168.
    • (2010) Sociology Compass , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 156-168
    • Frost, N.A.1
  • 116
    • 67349133778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unintended Consequences: Experimental Evidence for the Criminogenic Effect of Prison Security Level Placement on Post-release Recidivism.
    • Gaes, Gerald G. and Scott D. Camp. 2009. "Unintended Consequences: Experimental Evidence for the Criminogenic Effect of Prison Security Level Placement on Post-release Recidivism." Journal of Experimental Criminology 5(2): 139-162.
    • (2009) Journal of Experimental Criminology , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-162
    • Gaes, G.G.1    Camp, S.D.2
  • 117
    • 3142720040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Public Image of Police."
    • Report to International Association of Chiefs of Police, October 2, 2001.
    • Gallagher, Catherine, Edward R. Maguire, Stephen D. Mastrofski, and Michael D. Reisig. 2001. "The Public Image of Police." Report to International Association of Chiefs of Police, October 2, 2001. http://dnn9ciwm8.azurewebsites.net/The- Public-Image-of-the-Police.
    • (2001)
    • Gallagher, C.1    Maguire, E.R.2    Mastrofski, S.D.3    Reisig, M.D.4
  • 118
    • 84936628983 scopus 로고
    • The Changing Culture of Affirmative Action.
    • ed. R. A. Braumgart. Greenwich: JAI Press
    • Gamson,William A. and AndreModigliani. 1987. The Changing Culture of Affirmative Action. In Research in Political Sociology, Vol.3, ed. R. A. Braumgart. Greenwich: JAI Press, pp. 137-177.
    • (1987) Research in Political Sociology , vol.3 , pp. 137-177
    • Gamson, W.A.1    Modigliani, A.2
  • 120
  • 121
    • 34248249679 scopus 로고
    • Why Are American Presidential Election Campaign Polls so Variable When Votes Are so Predictable?
    • Gelman, Andrew and Gary King. 1993. "Why Are American Presidential Election Campaign Polls so Variable When Votes Are so Predictable?" British Journal of Political Science 23(4):409-451.
    • (1993) British Journal of Political Science , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 409-451
    • Gelman, A.1    King, G.2
  • 122
    • 85048520036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "L.A. County D.A. Jackie Lacey to Unveil Details on Wrongful-Conviction Unit."
    • June 29
    • Gerber, Marisa. June 29, 2015. "L.A. County D.A. Jackie Lacey to Unveil Details on Wrongful-Conviction Unit." Los Angeles Times (www.latimes.com/local/lanow/ la-me-ln-conviction-integrity-unit-20150629-story.html).
    • (2015) Los Angeles Times
    • Gerber, M.1
  • 123
    • 0031087040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Quantitative Description of FBI Public Relations.
    • Gibson, Dirk C. 1997. "A Quantitative Description of FBI Public Relations." Public Relations Review 23(1):11-30.
    • (1997) Public Relations Review , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-30
    • Gibson, D.C.1
  • 124
    • 84925920891 scopus 로고
    • Environmental Constraints on the Behavior of Judges: A Representational Model of Judicial Decision Making.
    • Gibson, James L. 1980. "Environmental Constraints on the Behavior of Judges: A Representational Model of Judicial Decision Making." Law & Society Review 14(2):343-370.
    • (1980) Law & Society Review , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 343-370
    • Gibson, J.L.1
  • 125
    • 29344433487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inequality and and Democratic Responsiveness.
    • Gilens, Martin. 2005. "Inequality and and Democratic Responsiveness." Public Opinion Quarterly 69(5):778-796.
    • (2005) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.69 , Issue.5 , pp. 778-796
    • Gilens, M.1
  • 126
    • 84905316181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In Who Gets Represented? eds. Peter K. Enns and Christopher Wlezien. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Gilens, Martin. 2011. Policy Consequences of Representational Inequality. In Who Gets Represented? eds. Peter K. Enns and Christopher Wlezien. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (2011) Policy Consequences of Representational Inequality
    • Gilens, M.1
  • 128
    • 0034339661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public.
    • Gilliam, Franklin D., Jr., and Shanto Iyengar. 2000. "Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public." American Journal of Political Science 44(3):560-573.
    • (2000) American Journal of Political Science , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 560-573
    • Gilliam, F.D.1    Iyengar, S.2
  • 130
    • 84944728750 scopus 로고
    • Los Angeles: University of California Press
    • Gitlin, Todd. 1980. TheWholeWorld isWatching. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
    • (1980) TheWholeWorld isWatching
    • Gitlin, T.1
  • 132
    • 79952234916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Corrections Populations in the United States, 2013."
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice 1-13.
    • Glaze, Lauren E. and Danielle Kaeble. 2014. "Corrections Populations in the United States, 2013." Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice 1-13.
    • (2014)
    • Glaze, L.E.1    Kaeble, D.2
  • 136
    • 47549084497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Hiding in Plain Sight: American Politics and the Carceral State."
    • Gottschalk, Marie. 2008. "Hiding in Plain Sight: American Politics and the Carceral State." Annual Review of Political Science 11:235-260.
    • (2008) Annual Review of Political Science , vol.11 , pp. 235-260
    • Gottschalk, M.1
  • 137
    • 85018725695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bring it On: The Future of Penal Reform, the Carceral State, and American Politics.
    • Gottschalk, Marie. 2015. "Bring it On: The Future of Penal Reform, the Carceral State, and American Politics." Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 12(2):559-603.
    • (2015) Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 559-603
    • Gottschalk, M.1
  • 138
    • 84984394613 scopus 로고
    • Are Uniform Crime Reports a Valid Indicator of the Index Crimes? An Affirmative Answer with Minor Qualifications.
    • Gove, Walter R., Michael Hughes, and Michael Geerken. 1985. "Are Uniform Crime Reports a Valid Indicator of the Index Crimes? An Affirmative Answer with Minor Qualifications." Criminology 23(3):451-502.
    • (1985) Criminology , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 451-502
    • Gove, W.R.1    Hughes, M.2    Geerken, M.3
  • 140
    • 0000351727 scopus 로고
    • Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods.
    • Granger, C.W.J. 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods." Econometrica 37(3):424-438.
    • (1969) Econometrica , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 424-438
    • Granger, C.W.J.1
  • 141
    • 4043132454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time Series Analysis, Cointegration, and Applications.
    • Granger, Clive W.J. 2004. "Time Series Analysis, Cointegration, and Applications." American Economic Review 94(3):421-425.
    • (2004) American Economic Review , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 421-425
    • Granger, C.W.J.1
  • 142
    • 33748065484 scopus 로고
    • Spurious Regressions in Econometrics.
    • Granger, Clive W.J. and Paul Newbold. 1974. "Spurious Regressions in Econometrics." Journal of Econometrics 26(2):1045-1066.
    • (1974) Journal of Econometrics , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 1045-1066
    • Granger, C.W.J.1    Newbold, P.2
  • 146
    • 0032348191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime and the Business Cycle in Post-war Britain Revisited.
    • Hale, Chris. 1998. "Crime and the Business Cycle in Post-war Britain Revisited." British Journal of Criminology 38(4): 681-698.
    • (1998) British Journal of Criminology , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 681-698
    • Hale, C.1
  • 147
    • 67749132436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varieties of Capitalism and Institutional Complementarities in the Political Economy: An Empirical Analysis.
    • Hall, Peter and Daniel W. Gingerich. 2009. "Varieties of Capitalism and Institutional Complementarities in the Political Economy: An Empirical Analysis." British Journal of Political Science 39(3):449-482.
    • (2009) British Journal of Political Science , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 449-482
    • Hall, P.1    Gingerich, D.W.2
  • 149
    • 33847344710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States.
    • Hanson, Gordon H. 2006. "Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States." Journal of Economic Literature 44(4):869-924.
    • (2006) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 869-924
    • Hanson, G.H.1
  • 150
    • 0000957296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illegal Immigration, Border Enforcement and Relative Wages: Evidence from Apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico Border.
    • Hanson, Gordon H. and Antonio Spilimbergo. 1999. "Illegal Immigration, Border Enforcement and Relative Wages: Evidence from Apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico Border." American Economic Review 89(5):1337-1357.
    • (1999) American Economic Review , vol.89 , Issue.5 , pp. 1337-1357
    • Hanson, G.H.1    Spilimbergo, A.2
  • 151
    • 79956266032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A BootstrapMethod for Conducting Statistical Inference with Clustered Data.
    • Harden, Jeffrey J. 2011. "A BootstrapMethod for Conducting Statistical Inference with Clustered Data." State Politics and Policy Quarterly 11(2):223-246.
    • (2011) State Politics and Policy Quarterly , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 223-246
    • Harden, J.J.1
  • 152
    • 84890164914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving Statistical Inference with Clustered Data.
    • Harden, Jeffrey J. 2012. "Improving Statistical Inference with Clustered Data." Statistics, Politics, and Policy 3(1):1-27.
    • (2012) Statistics, Politics, and Policy , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-27
    • Harden, J.J.1
  • 154
    • 85009134466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unintended Consequences: Effects of Paternal Incarceration on Child School Readiness and Later Special Education Placement.
    • Haskins, Anna R. 2014. "Unintended Consequences: Effects of Paternal Incarceration on Child School Readiness and Later Special Education Placement." Sociological Science 1(1):141-158.
    • (2014) Sociological Science , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 141-158
    • Haskins, A.R.1
  • 155
    • 33645832308 scopus 로고
    • The Relationship between Memory and Judgment Depends on Whether the Task Is Memory-Based or On-Line.
    • Hastie, Reid and Bernadette Park. 1986. "The Relationship between Memory and Judgment Depends on Whether the Task Is Memory-Based or On-Line." Psychological Review 93(3):258-268.
    • (1986) Psychological Review , vol.93 , Issue.3 , pp. 258-268
    • Hastie, R.1    Park, B.2
  • 157
    • 84910049079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Disparities in Incarceration Increase Acceptance of Punitive Policies.
    • Hetey, Rebecca C. and Jennifer L. Eberhardt. 2014. "Racial Disparities in Incarceration Increase Acceptance of Punitive Policies." Psychological Science 25(10):1949- 1954.
    • (2014) Psychological Science , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 1949- 1954
    • Hetey, R.C.1    Eberhardt, J.L.2
  • 158
    • 0016158561 scopus 로고
    • Drug-Related Deaths in the United States - First Decade of an Epidemic.
    • Hewitt, David and Jean Milner. 1974. "Drug-Related Deaths in the United States - First Decade of an Epidemic." Health Services Reports 89(3):211-218.
    • (1974) Health Services Reports , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 211-218
    • Hewitt, D.1    Milner, J.2
  • 159
    • 27544475452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Confidence in the Police and Perceptions of Risk."
    • Ho, Taiping and Jerome McKean. 2004. "Confidence in the Police and Perceptions of Risk."Western Criminology Review 5(2):108-118.
    • (2004) Western Criminology Review , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 108-118
    • Ho, T.1    McKean, J.2
  • 161
    • 27844611293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic Insecurity, Blame, and Punitive Attitudes.
    • Hogan, Michael J., Ted Chiricos, and Marc Getz. 2005. "Economic Insecurity, Blame, and Punitive Attitudes." Justice Quarterly 22(3):392-412.
    • (2005) Justice Quarterly , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 392-412
    • Hogan, M.J.1    Chiricos, T.2    Getz, M.3
  • 162
    • 23944513279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agenda-Setting and Priming in Prime Time Television: Crime Dramas as Political Cues.
    • Holbrook, R. Andrew and Timothy G. Hill. 2005. "Agenda-Setting and Priming in Prime Time Television: Crime Dramas as Political Cues." Political Communication 22(3):277-295.
    • (2005) Political Communication , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-295
    • Holbrook, R.A.1    Hill, T.G.2
  • 163
    • 0031287747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Perceptions of Race and Crime: The Role of Racial Stereotypes.
    • Hurwitz, Jon and Mark Peffley. 1997. "Public Perceptions of Race and Crime: The Role of Racial Stereotypes." American Journal of Political Science 41(2): 375-401.
    • (1997) American Journal of Political Science , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 375-401
    • Hurwitz, J.1    Peffley, M.2
  • 164
    • 24144492121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Playing the Race Card in the Post-Willie Horton Era.
    • Hurwitz, Jon andMark Peffley. 2005. "Playing the Race Card in the Post-Willie Horton Era." Public Opinion Quarterly 69(1):99-112.
    • (2005) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-112
    • Hurwitz, J.1    Peffley, M.2
  • 166
    • 61449119511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2nd edn. New York: W.W. Norton
    • Iyengar, Shanto. 2011. Media Politics. 2nd edn. New York: W.W. Norton.
    • (2011) Media Politics
    • Iyengar, S.1
  • 168
    • 0035458213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Politics of Punishment across Time and Space: A Pooled Time-Series Analysis of Imprisonment Rates.
    • Jacobs, David and Jason T. Carmichael. 2001. "The Politics of Punishment across Time and Space: A Pooled Time-Series Analysis of Imprisonment Rates." Social Forces 80(1):61-89.
    • (2001) Social Forces , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-89
    • Jacobs, D.1    Carmichael, J.T.2
  • 169
    • 0007331480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a Political Sociology of Punishment: Politics and Changes in the Incarcerated Population.
    • Jacobs, David and Ronald Helms. 2001. "Toward a Political Sociology of Punishment: Politics and Changes in the Incarcerated Population." Social Science Research 30(2):171-194.
    • (2001) Social Science Research , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-194
    • Jacobs, D.1    Helms, R.2
  • 170
    • 75749096962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of Public Confidence in Police: An International Perspective.
    • Jang, Hyunseok, Hee-Jong Joo, and Jihong (Solomon) Zhao. 2010. "Determinants of Public Confidence in Police: An International Perspective." Journal of Criminal Justice 38(1):57-68.
    • (2010) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-68
    • Jang, H.1    Joo, H.-J.2    Zhao, J.3
  • 171
    • 84864076592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Economy, Crime and Time: An Analysis of Recorded Property Crime in England & Wales 1961-2006.
    • Jennings, Will, Stephen Farrall, and Shaun Bevan. 2012. "The Economy, Crime and Time: An Analysis of Recorded Property Crime in England & Wales 1961-2006." International Journal of Law, Crime, and Justice 40(3):192-210.
    • (2012) International Journal of Law, Crime, and Justice , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 192-210
    • Jennings, W.1    Farrall, S.2    Bevan, S.3
  • 172
    • 42249086103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Prejudice, Perceived Injustice, and the Black-White Gap in Punitive Attitudes.
    • Johnson, Devon. 2008. "Racial Prejudice, Perceived Injustice, and the Black-White Gap in Punitive Attitudes." Journal of Criminal Justice 36(2):198-206.
    • (2008) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 198-206
    • Johnson, D.1
  • 173
    • 0038892081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental Incarceration: Recent Trends and Implications for Child Welfare.
    • Johnson, Elizabeth I. and JaneWaldfogel. 2002. "Parental Incarceration: Recent Trends and Implications for Child Welfare." Social Service Review 76(3):460-479.
    • (2002) Social Service Review , vol.76 , Issue.3 , pp. 460-479
    • Johnson, E.I.1    Waldfogel, J.2
  • 174
    • 70349488290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Effects of Male Incarceration Dynamics on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Infection Rates among African American Women and Men.
    • Johnson, Rucker and Steven Raphael. 2009. "The Effects of Male Incarceration Dynamics on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Infection Rates among African American Women and Men." Journal of Law and Economics 52(2):251-293.
    • (2009) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-293
    • Johnson, R.1    Raphael, S.2
  • 175
    • 84870157983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Much Crime Reduction Does the Marginal Prisoner Buy?
    • Johnson, Rucker and Steven Raphael. 2012. "How Much Crime Reduction Does the Marginal Prisoner Buy?" Journal of Law and Economics 55(2):275-310.
    • (2012) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 275-310
    • Johnson, R.1    Raphael, S.2
  • 176
    • 85048573817 scopus 로고
    • The Nation's Toughest Drug Law: Evaluating theNew York Experience, Final Report of the Joint Committee on New York Drug Law Evaluation.
    • New York: The Association of the Bar of the City of New York.
    • Joint Committee on New York Drug Law Evaluation. 1978. The Nation's Toughest Drug Law: Evaluating theNew York Experience, Final Report of the Joint Committee on New York Drug Law Evaluation. New York: The Association of the Bar of the City of New York.
    • (1978)
  • 178
    • 85048548613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Cuomo Drops Plan to Use State Money to Pay for College for Inmates."
    • (April 2).
    • Kaplan, Thomas. 2014. "Cuomo Drops Plan to Use State Money to Pay for College for Inmates." The New York Times. (April 2). www.nytimes.com/2014/04/03/ nyregion/cuomo-drops-plan-to-use-state-money-to-pay-for-college-classes-for-inmates. html?_r=0.
    • (2014) The New York Times.
    • Kaplan, T.1
  • 180
    • 84941614014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Taxing the Poor: Incarceration, Poverty, Governance, and the seizure of Family Resources."
    • Katzenstein, Mary Fainson and Maureen R. Waller. 2015 "Taxing the Poor: Incarceration, Poverty, Governance, and the seizure of Family Resources." Perspectives on Politics 13(3):638-565.
    • (2015) Perspectives on Politics , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 638-565
    • Katzenstein, M.F.1    Waller, M.R.2
  • 181
    • 33645157857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic Models for Dynamic Theories: The Ins and Outs of Lagged Dependent Variables.
    • Keele, Luke and Nathan J. Kelly. 2006. "Dynamic Models for Dynamic Theories: The Ins and Outs of Lagged Dependent Variables." Political Analysis 14(2): 186-205.
    • (2006) Political Analysis , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 186-205
    • Keele, L.1    Kelly, N.J.2
  • 182
    • 0348203855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media Framing and the Dynamics of Racial Policy Preferences.
    • Kellstedt, Paul M. 2000. "Media Framing and the Dynamics of Racial Policy Preferences." American Journal of Political Science 44(2):245-260.
    • (2000) American Journal of Political Science , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 245-260
    • Kellstedt, P.M.1
  • 184
    • 78651473205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inequality and the Dynamics of Public Opinion: The Self-Reinforcing Link between Economic Inequality and Mass Preferences.
    • Kelly, Nathan J. and Peter K. Enns. 2010. "Inequality and the Dynamics of Public Opinion: The Self-Reinforcing Link between Economic Inequality and Mass Preferences." American Journal of Political Science 54(4):855-870.
    • (2010) American Journal of Political Science , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 855-870
    • Kelly, N.J.1    Enns, P.K.2
  • 186
    • 64749087082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is a Conservative Just a Liberal Who Has Been Mugged?
    • King, Anna and Shadd Maruna. 2009. "Is a Conservative Just a Liberal Who Has Been Mugged?" Punishment & Society 11(2):147-169.
    • (2009) Punishment & Society , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-169
    • King, A.1    Maruna, S.2
  • 188
    • 3543057547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Measurement of the Partisan Balance of State Government.
    • Klarner, Carl. 2003. "The Measurement of the Partisan Balance of State Government." State Politics and Policy Quarterly 3(3):309-319.
    • (2003) State Politics and Policy Quarterly , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 309-319
    • Klarner, C.1
  • 189
    • 77958147181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Attila the Hun Law': New York's Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Making of a Punitive State.
    • Kohler-Hausmann, Juilly. 2010. "'The Attila the Hun Law': New York's Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Making of a Punitive State." Journal of Social History 44(1):71-95.
    • (2010) Journal of Social History , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-95
    • Kohler-Hausmann, J.1
  • 190
    • 0031742292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality, and Poverty in the Western Countries.
    • Korpi,Walter and Joakim Palme. 1998. "The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality, and Poverty in the Western Countries." American Sociological Review 63(5):661-687.
    • (1998) American Sociological Review , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 661-687
    • Korpi, W.1    Palme, J.2
  • 191
    • 0003754887 scopus 로고
    • Historical Statistics on Prisoners in State and Federal Institutions, Yearend 1925-86.
    • U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics.
    • Langan, Patrick A., John V. Fundis, Lawrence A. Greenfield, and Victoria W. Schneider. 1988. Historical Statistics on Prisoners in State and Federal Institutions, Yearend 1925-86. U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics.
    • (1988)
    • Langan, P.A.1    Fundis, J.V.2    Greenfield, L.A.3    Schneider, V.W.4
  • 192
    • 58049139116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Should We Estimate Public Opinion in the States?
    • Lax, Jeffrey R. and Justin H. Phillips. 2009. "How Should We Estimate Public Opinion in the States?" American Journal of Political Science 53(1):107-121.
    • (2009) American Journal of Political Science , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 107-121
    • Lax, J.R.1    Phillips, J.H.2
  • 193
  • 194
    • 84949322232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Inequalities in Connectedness to Imprisoned Individuals in the United States.
    • Lee, Hedwig, Tyler McCormick, Margaret T. Hicken, and Christopher Wildeman. 2015. "Racial Inequalities in Connectedness to Imprisoned Individuals in the United States." Du Bois Review 12(2): 269-282.
    • (2015) Du Bois Review , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 269-282
    • Lee, H.1    McCormick, T.2    Hicken, M.T.3    Wildeman, C.4
  • 195
    • 70349348948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning and Opinion Change, Not Priming: Reconsidering the Priming Hypothesis.
    • Lenz, Gabriel S. 2009. "Learning and Opinion Change, Not Priming: Reconsidering the Priming Hypothesis." American Journal of Political Science 53(4):821-837.
    • (2009) American Journal of Political Science , vol.53 , Issue.4 , pp. 821-837
    • Lenz, G.S.1
  • 196
    • 84880403054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • Lenz, Gabriel S. 2012. Follow the Leader? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2012) Follow the Leader?
    • Lenz, G.S.1
  • 197
    • 84905233833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The People Prisons Make: Effects of Incarceration on Criminal Psychology.
    • In Do Prisons Make Us Safer? eds. Steven Raphael and Michael A. Stoll. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 5
    • Lerman, Amy E. 2009. The People Prisons Make: Effects of Incarceration on Criminal Psychology. In Do Prisons Make Us Safer? eds. Steven Raphael and Michael A. Stoll. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 5, pp. 151-176.
    • (2009) , pp. 151-176
    • Lerman, A.E.1
  • 199
    • 84906087851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arresting Citizenship: The Democratic Consequences of American Crime Control.
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • Lerman, Amy E. and Vesla M. Weaver. 2014a. Arresting Citizenship: The Democratic Consequences of American Crime Control. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2014)
    • Lerman, A.E.1    Weaver, V.M.2
  • 200
    • 85018941119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and Crime in American Politics: From Law and Order to Willie Horton and Beyond.
    • In Oxford Handbook of Race, Ethnicity, Immigration, and Crime, eds. SandraM. Bucerius and Michael Tonry. New York: Oxford University Press, chapter 2
    • Lerman, Amy E. and Vesla Weaver. 2014b. Race and Crime in American Politics: From Law and Order to Willie Horton and Beyond. In Oxford Handbook of Race, Ethnicity, Immigration, and Crime, eds. SandraM. Bucerius and Michael Tonry. New York: Oxford University Press, chapter 2, pp. 41-69.
    • (2014) , pp. 41-69
    • Lerman, A.E.1    Weaver, V.2
  • 201
    • 72749104033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Levendusky,Matthew. 2009. The Partisan Sort. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2009) The Partisan Sort
    • Levendusky, M.1
  • 202
    • 15544375698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not.
    • Levitt, Steven D. 2004. "Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not." Journal of Economic Perspectives 18(1):163-190.
    • (2004) Journal of Economic Perspectives , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-190
    • Levitt, S.D.1
  • 203
    • 51449110472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: The Effects of Imprisonment Revisited.
    • Alison Liebling and Shadd Maruna. 2nd edn. New York: Routledge, chapter 1
    • Liebling, Alison and Shadd Maruna. 2011. Introduction: The Effects of Imprisonment Revisited. In The Effects of Imprisonment, eds. Alison Liebling and Shadd Maruna. 2nd edn. New York: Routledge, chapter 1, pp. 1-29.
    • (2011) The Effects of Imprisonment , pp. 1-29
    • Liebling, A.1    Maruna, S.2
  • 204
    • 84974323886 scopus 로고
    • The Responsive Voter: Campaign Information and the Dynamics of Candidate Evaluation.
    • Lodge, Milton, Marco R. Steenbergen, and Shawn Brau. 1995. "The Responsive Voter: Campaign Information and the Dynamics of Candidate Evaluation." American Political Science Review 89(2):309-326.
    • (1995) American Political Science Review , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-326
    • Lodge, M.1    Steenbergen, M.R.2    Brau, S.3
  • 205
    • 3042665749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Polls, Politics, and Crime: The 'Law and Order' Issue of the 1960s."
    • Loo, Dennis D. and Ruth-Ellen M. Grimes. 2004. "Polls, Politics, and Crime: The 'Law and Order' Issue of the 1960s."Western Criminology Review 5(1):50-67.
    • (2004) Western Criminology Review , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-67
    • Loo, D.D.1    Grimes, R.-E.M.2
  • 206
    • 77956621264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime, Inequality, and Social Justice.
    • Loury, Glenn C. 2010. "Crime, Inequality, and Social Justice." Daedalus 139(3):134-140.
    • (2010) Daedalus , vol.139 , Issue.3 , pp. 134-140
    • Loury, G.C.1
  • 207
    • 84890169113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Roots of Citizens' Knowledge of State Politics.
    • Lyons, Jeffrey, William P. Jaeger, and Jennifer Wolak. 2013. "The Roots of Citizens' Knowledge of State Politics." State Politics and Policy Quarterly 13(2):183-202.
    • (2013) State Politics and Policy Quarterly , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-202
    • Lyons, J.1    Jaeger, W.P.2    Wolak, J.3
  • 208
    • 33645073805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Punishment and Democracy: Disenfranchisement of Nonincarcerated Felons in the United States.
    • Manza, Jeff and Christopher Uggen. 2004. "Punishment and Democracy: Disenfranchisement of Nonincarcerated Felons in the United States." Perspectives on Politics 2(3):491-505.
    • (2004) Perspectives on Politics , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 491-505
    • Manza, J.1    Uggen, C.2
  • 210
    • 85048594905 scopus 로고
    • "Toughest in the Nation."
    • 13 May 1973., [Last accessed: August 8, 2014].
    • Markham, James M. and William E. Farrell. 1973. "Toughest in the Nation." The New York Times, 13 May 1973. Available: http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/ timesmachine/1973/05/13/90952714.html [Last accessed: August 8, 2014].
    • (1973) The New York Times
    • Markham, J.M.1    Farrell, W.E.2
  • 211
    • 0039967359 scopus 로고
    • A Comparative Analysis of Crime Coverage in Newspapers in the United States and Other Countries from 1960-1989: A Review of the Literature.
    • Marsh, Harry L. 1991. "A Comparative Analysis of Crime Coverage in Newspapers in the United States and Other Countries from 1960-1989: A Review of the Literature." Journal of Criminal Justice 19(1):67-79.
    • (1991) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-79
    • Marsh, H.L.1
  • 212
    • 0011294899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death in Venice: Europe's Death-Penalty Elitism.
    • Marshall, Joshua Micah. 2000. "Death in Venice: Europe's Death-Penalty Elitism." The New Republic 223(5):12-14.
    • (2000) The New Republic , vol.223 , Issue.5 , pp. 12-14
    • Marshall, J.M.1
  • 213
    • 67349109437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once a Criminal, Always a Criminal?: 'Reedemability' and the Psychology of Punitive Public Attitudes.
    • Maruna, Shadd and Anna King. 2009. "Once a Criminal, Always a Criminal?: 'Reedemability' and the Psychology of Punitive Public Attitudes." European Journal on Criminal Justice Policy and Research 15(1-2):7-24.
    • (2009) European Journal on Criminal Justice Policy and Research , vol.15 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 7-24
    • Maruna, S.1    King, A.2
  • 214
    • 2442481769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disowning our Shadow: A Psychoanalytic Approach to Understanding Punitive Public Attitudes.
    • Maruna, Shadd, Amanda Matravers, and Anna King. 2004. "Disowning our Shadow: A Psychoanalytic Approach to Understanding Punitive Public Attitudes." Deviant Behavior 25(3):277-299.
    • (2004) Deviant Behavior , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-299
    • Maruna, S.1    Matravers, A.2    King, A.3
  • 215
    • 43949119169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Incarceration as Exposure: The Prison, Infectious Disease, and Other Stress-Related Illnesses."
    • March
    • Massoglia, Michael. 2008a. "Incarceration as Exposure: The Prison, Infectious Disease, and Other Stress-Related Illnesses." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 49(March):67-71.
    • (2008) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.49 , pp. 67-71
    • Massoglia, M.1
  • 216
    • 43949090159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Incarceration, Health, and Racial Disparities in Health."
    • Massoglia, Michael. 2008b. "Incarceration, Health, and Racial Disparities in Health." Law and Society Review 42(2):275-306.
    • (2008) Law and Society Review , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 275-306
    • Massoglia, M.1
  • 217
    • 18744374657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Myth of Punitiveness.
    • Matthews, Roger. 2005. "The Myth of Punitiveness." Theoretical Criminology 9(2):175-201.
    • (2005) Theoretical Criminology , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-201
    • Matthews, R.1
  • 219
    • 84869101537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing Racial Disparities in Incarceration.
    • Mauer, Marc. 2011. "Addressing Racial Disparities in Incarceration." The Prison Journal 91(3):87S-101S.
    • (2011) The Prison Journal , vol.91 , Issue.3 , pp. 87S-101S
    • Mauer, M.1
  • 224
    • 85055441577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Approval of the President's Handling of the Economy to Understand Who Polarizes and Why.
    • McAvoy, Gregory E. and Peter K. Enns. 2010. "Using Approval of the President's Handling of the Economy to Understand Who Polarizes and Why." Presidential Studies Quarterly 40(3):545-558.
    • (2010) Presidential Studies Quarterly , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 545-558
    • McAvoy, G.E.1    Enns, P.K.2
  • 226
    • 85048543887 scopus 로고
    • "The Public Image of Courts."
    • Prepared for The National Center for State Courts by Yankelovich, Skelly and White, Inc.
    • McConnell, Edward B. 1978. "The Public Image of Courts." Prepared for The National Center for State Courts by Yankelovich, Skelly and White, Inc.
    • (1978)
    • McConnell, E.B.1
  • 228
    • 84991212349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Is Convergence, and What Do We Know about It?
    • eds. James P. Lynch and Lynn A. Addington. New York: Oxford University Press, chapter 4
    • McDowall, David and Colin Loftin. 2007. What Is Convergence, and What Do We Know about It? In What Is Convergence, and What Do We Know about It? eds. James P. Lynch and Lynn A. Addington. New York: Oxford University Press, chapter 4, pp. 93-121.
    • (2007) In What Is Convergence, and What Do We Know about It? , pp. 93-121
    • McDowall, D.1    Loftin, C.2
  • 229
    • 73249116857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do US City Crime Rates Follow a National Trend? The Influence of Nationwide Conditions on Local Crime Patterns.
    • McDowall, David and Colin Loftin. 2009. "Do US City Crime Rates Follow a National Trend? The Influence of Nationwide Conditions on Local Crime Patterns." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 25(3):307-324.
    • (2009) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-324
    • McDowall, D.1    Loftin, C.2
  • 230
    • 8744285838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Least Dangerous Branch Revisited: New Evidence on Supreme Court Responsiveness to Public Preferences.
    • McGuire, Kevin T. and James A. Stimson. 2004. "The Least Dangerous Branch Revisited: New Evidence on Supreme Court Responsiveness to Public Preferences." Journal of Politics 66(4):1018-1035.
    • (2004) Journal of Politics , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 1018-1035
    • McGuire, K.T.1    Stimson, J.A.2
  • 232
    • 84947028540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Path Analysis to Explain Racialized Support for Punitive Delinquency Policies.
    • Metcalfe, Christi, Justin T. Pickett, and Christina Mancini. 2015. "Using Path Analysis to Explain Racialized Support for Punitive Delinquency Policies." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 31(4): 699-725.
    • (2015) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 699-725
    • Metcalfe, C.1    Pickett, J.T.2    Mancini, C.3
  • 235
    • 70350041966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jail Inmates at Midyear 2012 - Statistical Tables.
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice.
    • Minton, Todd D. 2012. Jail Inmates at Midyear 2012 - Statistical Tables. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice. www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ jim12st.pdf.
    • (2012)
    • Minton, T.D.1
  • 236
    • 81455159376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The New Abolitionism: Why Does the U.S. Practice the Death Penalty while Europe Does Not?
    • Moravcsik, Andrew. 2001. "The New Abolitionism: Why Does the U.S. Practice the Death Penalty while Europe Does Not?" European Studies Newsletter 4(1/2): 1-8.
    • (2001) European Studies Newsletter , vol.4 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-8
    • Moravcsik, A.1
  • 237
    • 85048588752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Politics of the Death Penalty.
    • Morone, James A. 2009. "The Politics of the Death Penalty." Perspectives on Politics 7(4):921-922.
    • (2009) Perspectives on Politics , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 921-922
    • Morone, J.A.1
  • 239
    • 85055402860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern Time-Series Methods and the Dynamics of Prison Populations.
    • Murray, Michael P. 2009. "Modern Time-Series Methods and the Dynamics of Prison Populations." Criminology and Public Policy 8(1):79-86.
    • (2009) Criminology and Public Policy , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-86
    • Murray, M.P.1
  • 240
    • 77951578590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not Necessarily the News: Does Fictional Television Influence Real-World Policy Preferences?
    • Mutz, Diana C. and Lilach Nir. 2010. "Not Necessarily the News: Does Fictional Television Influence Real-World Policy Preferences?" Mass Communication and Society 13(2):196-217.
    • (2010) Mass Communication and Society , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 196-217
    • Mutz, D.C.1    Nir, L.2
  • 241
    • 84922059535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Legacy of Nixon, Reagan, and Horton: How the Tough on Crime Movement Enabled a New Regime of Race-Influenced Employment Discrimination.
    • Newell, Walker. 2013. "The Legacy of Nixon, Reagan, and Horton: How the Tough on Crime Movement Enabled a New Regime of Race-Influenced Employment Discrimination." Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy 15(1):3-34.
    • (2013) Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-34
    • Newell, W.1
  • 242
    • 0141707842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime and Punishment: The Politics of Federal Criminal Justice Sanctions.
    • Nicholson-Crotty, Sean and Kenneth J. Meier. 2003. "Crime and Punishment: The Politics of Federal Criminal Justice Sanctions." Political Research Quarterly 56(2):119-126.
    • (2003) Political Research Quarterly , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-126
    • Nicholson-Crotty, S.1    Meier, K.J.2
  • 243
    • 77956351575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic Representation(s): Federal Criminal Justice Policy and an Alternative Dimension of Public Mood.
    • Nicholson-Crotty, Sean, David A.M. Peterson, andMark D. Ramirez. 2009. "Dynamic Representation(s): Federal Criminal Justice Policy and an Alternative Dimension of Public Mood." Political Behavior 31(4):629-655.
    • (2009) Political Behavior , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 629-655
    • Nicholson-Crotty, S.1    Peterson, D.A.M.2    Ramirez, M.D.3
  • 247
  • 249
    • 0242424960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mark of a Criminal Record.
    • Pager, Devah. 2003. "The Mark of a Criminal Record." American Journal of Sociology 108(5):937-975.
    • (2003) American Journal of Sociology , vol.108 , Issue.5 , pp. 937-975
    • Pager, D.1
  • 250
    • 24944496342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double Jeopardy: Race, Crime, and Getting a Job.
    • Pager, Devah. 2005. "Double Jeopardy: Race, Crime, and Getting a Job." Wisconsin Law Review 2005(2):617-660.
    • (2005) Wisconsin Law Review , vol.2005 , Issue.2 , pp. 617-660
    • Pager, D.1
  • 252
    • 21144438842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian Multilevel Estimation with Poststratification: State-Level Estimates from National Polls.
    • Park, David K., Andrew Gelman, and Joseph Bafumi. 2004. "Bayesian Multilevel Estimation with Poststratification: State-Level Estimates from National Polls." Political Analysis 12(4):375-385.
    • (2004) Political Analysis , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 375-385
    • Park, D.K.1    Gelman, A.2    Bafumi, J.3
  • 254
    • 57649197965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent Changes in Drug Poisoning Mortality in the United States by Urban-Rural Status and Drug Type.
    • Paulozzi, Leonard J. and Yongli Xi. 2008. "Recent Changes in Drug Poisoning Mortality in the United States by Urban-Rural Status and Drug Type." Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 17(10):997-1005.
    • (2008) Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 997-1005
    • Paulozzi, L.J.1    Xi, Y.2
  • 256
    • 76249098185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Prosecutors in State Courts, 2005."
    • Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin
    • Perry, Steven W. 2006. "Prosecutors in State Courts, 2005." Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin pp. 1-12.
    • (2006) , pp. 1-12
    • Perry, S.W.1
  • 257
    • 2642584998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course: Race and Class Inequality in U.S. Incarceration.
    • Pettit, Becky and Bruce Western. 2004. "Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course: Race and Class Inequality in U.S. Incarceration." American Sociological Review 69(2):151-169.
    • (2004) American Sociological Review , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-169
    • Pettit, B.1    Western, B.2
  • 260
    • 84864065841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling Other People's Children: Racialized Views of Delinquency and Whites' Punitive Attitudes toward Juvenile Offenders.
    • Pickett, Justin T. and Ted Chiricos. 2012. "Controlling Other People's Children: Racialized Views of Delinquency and Whites' Punitive Attitudes toward Juvenile Offenders." Criminology 50(3):673-710.
    • (2012) Criminology , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 673-710
    • Pickett, J.T.1    Chiricos, T.2
  • 261
    • 84856445034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconsidering the Relationship between Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition and Whites' Perceptions of Victimization Risk: Do Racial Stereotypes Matter?
    • Pickett, Justin T., Ted Chiricos, Kristin M. Golden, and Marc Gertz. 2012. "Reconsidering the Relationship between Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition and Whites' Perceptions of Victimization Risk: Do Racial Stereotypes Matter?" Criminology 50(1):145-186.
    • (2012) Criminology , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-186
    • Pickett, J.T.1    Chiricos, T.2    Golden, K.M.3    Gertz, M.4
  • 262
    • 34147182826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime in the News: How Crimes, Offenders and Victims Are Portrayed in the Media.
    • Pollak, Jessica M. and Charis E. Kubrin. 2007. "Crime in the News: How Crimes, Offenders and Victims Are Portrayed in the Media." Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture 14(1):59-83.
    • (2007) Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-83
    • Pollak, J.M.1    Kubrin, C.E.2
  • 264
    • 84895612360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project
    • Porter, Nicole D. and Valerie Wright. 2011. Cracked Justice. Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project.
    • (2011) Cracked Justice
    • Porter, N.D.1    Wright, V.2
  • 269
    • 84877653441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Punitive Sentiment.
    • Ramirez, Mark D. 2013. "Punitive Sentiment." Criminology 51(2):329-364.
    • (2013) Criminology , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 329-364
    • Ramirez, M.D.1
  • 270
    • 5444275881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • True Crime Stories? Accounting for Differences in Our National Crime Indicators.
    • Rand, Michael R. and Callie M. Rennison. 2002. "True Crime Stories? Accounting for Differences in Our National Crime Indicators." Chance 15(1):47-51.
    • (2002) Chance , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-51
    • Rand, M.R.1    Rennison, C.M.2
  • 271
    • 85020250265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labor Market with a Criminal Record. Kalamazoo, MI:W.E.Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
    • Raphael, Steven. 2014. TheNew Scarlet Letter? Negotiating theU.S. Labor Market with a Criminal Record. Kalamazoo, MI:W.E.Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    • (2014) TheNew Scarlet Letter? Negotiating theU.S
    • Raphael, S.1
  • 272
    • 84867905647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Are so Many Americans in Prison?
    • eds. Steven Raphael and Michael A. Stoll. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 2
    • Raphael, Steven and Michael A. Stoll. 2009. Why Are so Many Americans in Prison? In Do Prisons Make us Safer? eds. Steven Raphael and Michael A. Stoll. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 2, pp. 27-72.
    • (2009) Do Prisons Make us Safer? , pp. 27-72
    • Raphael, S.1    Stoll, M.A.2
  • 273
    • 84929063872 scopus 로고
    • The Effect of Question Wording on Public Support for Government Spending.
    • Rasinski, Kenneth A. 1989. "The Effect of Question Wording on Public Support for Government Spending." Public Opinion Quarterly 53(3):388-394.
    • (1989) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 388-394
    • Rasinski, K.A.1
  • 274
    • 33644949976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media Made Criminality: The Representation of Crime in the Mass Media.
    • 3rd edn., eds.MikeMaguire, Rod Morgan, and Robert Reiner. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Reiner, Robert. 2002. Media Made Criminality: The Representation of Crime in the Mass Media. In TheOxfordHandbook of Criminology, 3rd edn., eds.MikeMaguire, Rod Morgan, and Robert Reiner. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 302-340.
    • (2002) TheOxfordHandbook of Criminology , pp. 302-340
    • Reiner, R.1
  • 275
    • 28644435701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Attitudes about Punishment: Myth and Reality.
    • eds. Michael Tonry and Kathleen Hatlestad. New York: Oxford University Press, chapter 5
    • Roberts, Julian V. 1997. American Attitudes about Punishment: Myth and Reality. In Sentencing Reform in Overcrowded Times, eds. Michael Tonry and Kathleen Hatlestad. New York: Oxford University Press, chapter 5, pp. 250-255.
    • (1997) Sentencing Reform in Overcrowded Times , pp. 250-255
    • Roberts, J.V.1
  • 278
    • 0032347286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol and Drug Disorders in the International Classification of Diseases: A Shifting Kaleidoscope.
    • Room, Robin. 1998. "Alcohol and Drug Disorders in the International Classification of Diseases: A Shifting Kaleidoscope." Drug and Alcohol Review 17(3):305-317.
    • (1998) Drug and Alcohol Review , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 305-317
    • Room, R.1
  • 279
    • 85048554325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FOCUS I Survey and Final Report: A Summary of the Findings: Families Officers and Corrections Understanding Stress.
    • Rogers, John B. 2001. FOCUS I Survey and Final Report: A Summary of the Findings: Families Officers and Corrections Understanding Stress. (www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/188094.pdf).
    • (2001)
    • Rogers, J.B.1
  • 280
    • 73249133381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime Is the Problem: Homicide, Acquisitive Crime, and Economic Conditions.
    • Rosenfeld, Richard. 2009. "Crime Is the Problem: Homicide, Acquisitive Crime, and Economic Conditions." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 25(3):287-306.
    • (2009) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 287-306
    • Rosenfeld, R.1
  • 281
    • 38149020777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Economic Conditions on Robbery and Property Crime: The Role of Consumer Sentiment.
    • Rosenfeld, Richard and Robert Fornango. 2007. "The Impact of Economic Conditions on Robbery and Property Crime: The Role of Consumer Sentiment." Criminology 45(4):735-769.
    • (2007) Criminology , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 735-769
    • Rosenfeld, R.1    Fornango, R.2
  • 282
    • 84891659102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York's Crime Drop Puzzle: Introduction to the Special Issue.
    • Rosenfeld, Richard, Karen Terry, and Preeti Chauhan. 2014. "New York's Crime Drop Puzzle: Introduction to the Special Issue." Justice Quarterly 31(1):1-4.
    • (2014) Justice Quarterly , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-4
    • Rosenfeld, R.1    Terry, K.2    Chauhan, P.3
  • 284
    • 0020214971 scopus 로고
    • Recent Trends in Fatal Poisoning by Opiates in the United States.
    • Samkoff, Judith S. and Susan P. Baker. 1982. "Recent Trends in Fatal Poisoning by Opiates in the United States." American Journal of Public Health 72(11):1251-1256.
    • (1982) American Journal of Public Health , vol.72 , Issue.11 , pp. 1251-1256
    • Samkoff, J.S.1    Baker, S.P.2
  • 285
    • 0033422567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing as a Theory of Media Effects.
    • Scheufele, Dietram A. 1999. "Framing as a Theory of Media Effects." Journal of Communications 49(1):103-122.
    • (1999) Journal of Communications , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-122
    • Scheufele, D.A.1
  • 286
    • 84888036061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ex-offenders and the Labor Market.
    • Center for Economic and Policy Research.
    • Schmitt, John and Kris Warner. 2010. Ex-offenders and the Labor Market. Center for Economic and Policy Research. www.cepr.net/documents/publications/ex offenders-2010-11.pdf.
    • (2010)
    • Schmitt, J.1    Warner, K.2
  • 287
    • 33751302827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of Change in the Use of Imprisonment in the American States: An Integration of Path Dependence, Punctuated Equilibrium and Policy Design Approaches.
    • Schneider, Anne Larason. 2006. "Patterns of Change in the Use of Imprisonment in the American States: An Integration of Path Dependence, Punctuated Equilibrium and Policy Design Approaches." Political Research Quarterly 59(3):457-470.
    • (2006) Political Research Quarterly , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 457-470
    • Schneider, A.L.1
  • 288
    • 85048579044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Are Americans 'Intuitive Federalists'?"
    • Paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.
    • Schneider, Sandra K. and William G. Jacoby. 2012. "Are Americans 'Intuitive Federalists'?" Paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.
    • (2012)
    • Schneider, S.K.1    Jacoby, W.G.2
  • 289
    • 34250823418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enduring Stigma: The Long-Term Effects of Incarceration on Health.
    • Schnittker, Jason and Andrea John. 2007. "Enduring Stigma: The Long-Term Effects of Incarceration on Health." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 48(2):115-130.
    • (2007) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-130
    • Schnittker, J.1    John, A.2
  • 290
    • 82455253087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incarceration and the Health of the African American Community.
    • Schnittker, Jason, Michael Massoglia, and Christopher Uggen. 2011. "Incarceration and the Health of the African American Community." Du Bois Review 8(1):1-9.
    • (2011) Du Bois Review , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Schnittker, J.1    Massoglia, M.2    Uggen, C.3
  • 292
    • 84941930728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Visualizing Punishment."
    • February.
    • Shannon, Sarah and Christopher Uggen. 2013. "Visualizing Punishment." The Society Pages. February. http://thesocietypages.org/papers/visualizing-punishment/.
    • (2013) The Society Pages.
    • Shannon, S.1    Uggen, C.2
  • 293
    • 0040581723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends: Crime, the Police, and Civil Liberties.
    • Shaw, Greg M., Roberty Y. Shapiro, Shmuel Lock, and Lawrence R. Jacobs. 1998. "Trends: Crime, the Police, and Civil Liberties." Public Opinion Quarterly 62(3):405-426.
    • (1998) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 405-426
    • Shaw, G.M.1    Shapiro, R.Y.2    Lock, S.3    Jacobs, L.R.4
  • 294
    • 34247922381 scopus 로고
    • Public Opinion and the Federal Judiciary: Crime, Punishment, and Demographic Constraints.
    • Silver, Charles and Robert Shapiro. 1984. "Public Opinion and the Federal Judiciary: Crime, Punishment, and Demographic Constraints." Population Research and Policy Review 3(3):255-280.
    • (1984) Population Research and Policy Review , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-280
    • Silver, C.1    Shapiro, R.2
  • 295
  • 296
    • 70349137023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concern about Crime and Confidence in the Police.
    • Skogan, Wesley G. 2009. "Concern about Crime and Confidence in the Police." Police Quarterly 12(3):301-318.
    • (2009) Police Quarterly , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 301-318
    • Skogan, W.G.1
  • 297
    • 3543150882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Politics of Punishment: Evaluating Political Explanations of Incarceration Rates.
    • Smith, Kevin B. 2004. "The Politics of Punishment: Evaluating Political Explanations of Incarceration Rates." Journal of Politics 66(3):925-938.
    • (2004) Journal of Politics , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 925-938
    • Smith, K.B.1
  • 298
    • 0001898644 scopus 로고
    • That Which We Call Welfare by Any Other Name Would Smell Sweeter: An Analysis of the Impact of Question Wording on Response Patterns.
    • Smith, Tom W. 1987. "That Which We Call Welfare by Any Other Name Would Smell Sweeter: An Analysis of the Impact of Question Wording on Response Patterns." Public Opinion Quarterly 51(1):75-83.
    • (1987) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-83
    • Smith, T.W.1
  • 303
    • 0037996841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Do White Americans Support the Death Penalty?
    • Soss, Joe, Laura Langbein, and Alan R. Metelko. 2003. "Why Do White Americans Support the Death Penalty?" Journal of Politics 65(2):397-421.
    • (2003) Journal of Politics , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 397-421
    • Soss, J.1    Langbein, L.2    Metelko, A.R.3
  • 304
    • 77950214518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Limited Importance of Prison Expansion.
    • In The Crime Drop in America, eds. Alfred Blumstein and Joel Wallman. New York: Cambridge University Press, chapter 4
    • Spelman, William. 2000. The Limited Importance of Prison Expansion. In The Crime Drop in America, eds. Alfred Blumstein and Joel Wallman. New York: Cambridge University Press, chapter 4, pp. 97-129.
    • (2000) , pp. 97-129
    • Spelman, W.1
  • 305
    • 85044892080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime, Cash, and Limited Options: Explaining the Prison Boom.
    • Spelman, William. 2009. "Crime, Cash, and Limited Options: Explaining the Prison Boom." Criminology and Public Policy 8(1):29-77.
    • (2009) Criminology and Public Policy , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-77
    • Spelman, W.1
  • 306
    • 0030838785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicide Risk among Correctional Officers: A Logistic Regression Analysis.
    • Stack, Steven J. and Olga Tsoudis. 1997. "Suicide Risk among Correctional Officers: A Logistic Regression Analysis." Archives of Suicide Research 3(3): 183-186.
    • (1997) Archives of Suicide Research , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-186
    • Stack, S.J.1    Tsoudis, O.2
  • 310
    • 0003047247 scopus 로고
    • Some Dynamic Elements of Contests for the Presidency.
    • Stokes, Donald E. 1966. "Some Dynamic Elements of Contests for the Presidency." The American Political Science Review 60(1):19-28.
    • (1966) The American Political Science Review , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-28
    • Stokes, D.E.1
  • 311
    • 85048531747 scopus 로고
    • "Got 15 Years to Life for Drug Sale: College Student Does Slow Time."
    • The Baltimore Sun (June 4)., [Last accessed: August 8, 2014].
    • Struck, Doug. 1989. "Got 15 Years to Life for Drug Sale: College Student Does Slow Time." The Baltimore Sun (June 4). Available: http://articles.latimes.com/ 1989-06-04/news/mn-2566_1_drug-sale-maximum-security-prisonsstreet- corners-selling-heroin [Last accessed: August 8, 2014].
    • (1989)
    • Struck, D.1
  • 312
    • 85048556967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "For Lesser Crimes, Rethinking Life behind Bars."
    • New York Times (December 11).
    • Tierney, John. 2012a. "For Lesser Crimes, Rethinking Life behind Bars." New York Times (December 11). www.nytimes.com/2012/12/12/science/mandatory-prisonsentences- face-growing-skepticism.html?_r=0.
    • (2012)
    • Tierney, J.1
  • 313
    • 85048593362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Life without Parole: Four Inmates' Stories."
    • New York Times (December 12), 2012.
    • Tierney, John. 2012b. "Life without Parole: Four Inmates' Stories." New York Times (December 12), 2012. www.nytimes.com/2012/12/12/science/life-without-parolefour- inmates-stories.html.
    • (2012)
    • Tierney, J.1
  • 314
    • 0003984012 scopus 로고
    • (George Lawrence, trans.; J. P. Mayer, ed.; New York: HarperPerennial).
    • Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1988. Democracy in America (George Lawrence, trans.; J. P. Mayer, ed.; New York: HarperPerennial).
    • (1988) Democracy in America
    • de Tocqueville, A.1
  • 315
    • 10044255709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Tonry, Michael. 2004. Thinking about Crime. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2004) Thinking about Crime
    • Tonry, M.1
  • 316
    • 70449565745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explanations of American Punishment Policies.
    • Tonry, Michael. 2009. "Explanations of American Punishment Policies." Punishment and Society 11(3):377-394.
    • (2009) Punishment and Society , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 377-394
    • Tonry, M.1
  • 317
    • 80052544008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Tonry, Michael. 2011. Punishing Race. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2011) Punishing Race
    • Tonry, M.1
  • 318
    • 84900927115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Media, the Public, and the Law Enforcement Community: Correcting Misperceptions."
    • Tooley, Michael, Jeffrey Linkenbach, Brian J. Lande, and Gary M. Lande. 2009. "The Media, the Public, and the Law Enforcement Community: Correcting Misperceptions." The Police Chief LXXVI(6). www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/ index.cfm?fuseaction=display_arch&article_id=1828&issue_id=62009.
    • (2009) The Police Chief , vol.76 , Issue.6
    • Tooley, M.1    Linkenbach, J.2    Lande, B.J.3    Lande, G.M.4
  • 323
    • 85048528072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial Introduction: The Effect of Criminal Background Checks on Hiring Ex-offenders.
    • Uggen, Christopher. 2008. "Editorial Introduction: The Effect of Criminal Background Checks on Hiring Ex-offenders." Criminology and Public Policy 7(3): 367-369.
    • (2008) Criminology and Public Policy , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 367-369
    • Uggen, C.1
  • 324
    • 84991451644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stanford, CA: Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality
    • Uggen, Christopher. 2012. Crime and the Great Recession. Stanford, CA: Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality.
    • (2012) Crime and the Great Recession
    • Uggen, C.1
  • 325
    • 84888117106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "State-Level Estimates of Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States, 2010."
    • The Sentencing Project. July 2012.
    • Uggen, Christopher, Sarah Shannon, and Jeff Manza. 2012. "State-Level Estimates of Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States, 2010." The Sentencing Project. July 2012. http://sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/fd_State_Level_Estimates_ of_Felon_Disen_2010.pdf
    • (2012)
    • Uggen, C.1    Shannon, S.2    Manza, J.3
  • 326
    • 84922968550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Edge of Stigma: An Experimental Audit of the Effects of Low-Level Criminal Records on Employment.
    • Uggen, Christopher, Mike Vuolo, Sarah Lageson, Ebony Ruhland, and Hilary K. Whitman. 2014. "The Edge of Stigma: An Experimental Audit of the Effects of Low-Level Criminal Records on Employment." Criminology 52(4): 627-654.
    • (2014) Criminology , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 627-654
    • Uggen, C.1    Vuolo, M.2    Lageson, S.3    Ruhland, E.4    Whitman, H.K.5
  • 327
    • 85048578587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When Governors Speak up for Justice: Punishment Politics and Mass Incarceration in the American States.
    • Unah, Isaac and Elizabeth K. Coggins. 2013. "When Governors Speak up for Justice: Punishment Politics and Mass Incarceration in the American States." Political Sciences & Public Affairs 1(1):1-12.
    • (2013) Political Sciences & Public Affairs , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-12
    • Unah, I.1    Coggins, E.K.2
  • 328
    • 77950272316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Social Sources of Americans' Punitiveness: A Test of Three Competing Models.
    • Unnever, James D. and Francis T. Cullen. 2010. "The Social Sources of Americans' Punitiveness: A Test of Three Competing Models." Criminology 48(1):99-129.
    • (2010) Criminology , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-129
    • Unnever, J.D.1    Cullen, F.T.2
  • 330
    • 77956653177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class, race and Hyperincarceration in Revanchist America.
    • Wacquant, Loïc. 2010. "Class, race and Hyperincarceration in Revanchist America." Daedalus 139(3):74-90.
    • (2010) Daedalus , vol.139 , Issue.3 , pp. 74-90
    • Wacquant, L.1
  • 331
    • 77955624864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Incarceration and Stratification."
    • Wakefield, Sara and Christopher Uggen. 2010. "Incarceration and Stratification." Annual Review of Sociology 36:387-406.
    • (2010) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.36 , pp. 387-406
    • Wakefield, S.1    Uggen, C.2
  • 332
    • 85050416669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass Imprisonment and Racial Disparities in Childhood Behavioral Problems.
    • Wakefield, Sara and Chistopher Wildeman. 2011. "Mass Imprisonment and Racial Disparities in Childhood Behavioral Problems." Criminology and Public Policy 10(3):793-817.
    • (2011) Criminology and Public Policy , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 793-817
    • Wakefield, S.1    Wildeman, C.2
  • 334
    • 0003469774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 8th edn. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
    • Walmsley, Roy. 2009. World Prison Population List. 8th edn. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
    • (2009) World Prison Population List
    • Walmsley, R.1
  • 335
    • 84960588542 scopus 로고
    • Poll Trends: Public Opinion on Crime and Punishment.
    • Warr, Mark. 1995. "Poll Trends: Public Opinion on Crime and Punishment." Public Opinion Quarterly 59(2):296-310.
    • (1995) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 296-310
    • Warr, M.1
  • 337
    • 36148939181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontlash: Race and the Development of Punitive Crime Policy.
    • Weaver, Vesla M. 2007. "Frontlash: Race and the Development of Punitive Crime Policy." Studies in American Political Development 21(2):230-265.
    • (2007) Studies in American Political Development , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 230-265
    • Weaver, V.M.1
  • 338
    • 79952801154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political Consequences of the Carceral State.
    • Weaver, Vesla M. and Amy E. Lerman. 2010. "Political Consequences of the Carceral State." American Political Science Review 104(4):817-833.
    • (2010) American Political Science Review , vol.104 , Issue.4 , pp. 817-833
    • Weaver, V.M.1    Lerman, A.E.2
  • 339
  • 340
    • 85048543260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "America's Drug Laws atWork: LouisianaMan Serving 13 Years for Weed Denied Clemency."
    • (6/19/15).
    • Westcott, Lucy. 2015. "America's Drug Laws atWork: LouisianaMan Serving 13 Years for Weed Denied Clemency." Newsweek (6/19/15). www.newsweek.com/bernardnoble- weed-marijuana-legalize-marijuana-war-drugs-drug-policy-345061.
    • (2015) Newsweek
    • Westcott, L.1
  • 342
    • 23044525741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Labor Market Consequences of Incarceration.
    • Western, Bruce, Jeffrey R. Kling, and David F. Weiman. 2001. "The Labor Market Consequences of Incarceration." Crime and Delinquency 47(3):410-427.
    • (2001) Crime and Delinquency , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 410-427
    • Western, B.1    Kling, J.R.2    Weiman, D.F.3
  • 343
    • 0242511080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy Signals and Executive Governance: Presidential Rhetoric in the War on Drugs.
    • Whitford, Andrew B. and Jeff Yates. 2003. "Policy Signals and Executive Governance: Presidential Rhetoric in the War on Drugs." Journal of Politics 65(4):995-1012.
    • (2003) Journal of Politics , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 995-1012
    • Whitford, A.B.1    Yates, J.2
  • 344
    • 84928271898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of Mass Imprisonment for Inequality among American Children.
    • In The Punitive Turn: New Approaches to Race and Incarceration, eds. Deborah E. McDowell, Claudrena Harold, and Juan Battle. Charlottesville, MA: University of Virginia Press, chapter 2
    • Wildeman, Christopher, Anna R. Haskins, and Christopher Muller. 2013. Implications of Mass Imprisonment for Inequality among American Children. In The Punitive Turn: New Approaches to Race and Incarceration, eds. Deborah E. McDowell, Claudrena Harold, and Juan Battle. Charlottesville, MA: University of Virginia Press, chapter 2, pp. 117-191.
    • (2013) , pp. 117-191
    • Wildeman, C.1    Haskins, A.R.2    Muller, C.3
  • 345
    • 84872572745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misidentifying the Effects of Parental Incarceration? A Comment on Johnson and Easterline (2012).
    • Wildeman, Christopher, Sara Wakefield, and Kristin Turney. 2012. "Misidentifying the Effects of Parental Incarceration? A Comment on Johnson and Easterline (2012)." Journal of Marriage and Family 75(1):252-258.
    • (2012) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 252-258
    • Wildeman, C.1    Wakefield, S.2    Turney, K.3
  • 347
    • 24344439247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "On the Salience of Political Issues: The Problem with 'Most Important Problem."'
    • Wlezien, Christopher. 2005. "On the Salience of Political Issues: The Problem with 'Most Important Problem."' Electoral Studies 24(4):555-579.
    • (2005) Electoral Studies , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 555-579
    • Wlezien, C.1
  • 348
    • 84905321373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inequality in Policy Responsiveness?
    • eds. Peter K. Enns and Christopher Wlezien. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 10
    • Wlezien, Christopher and Stuart Soroka. 2011. Inequality in Policy Responsiveness? In Who Gets Represented?, eds. Peter K. Enns and Christopher Wlezien. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, chapter 10, pp. 285-310.
    • (2011) Who Gets Represented? , pp. 285-310
    • Wlezien, C.1    Soroka, S.2
  • 349
    • 84867193132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Political Institutions and the Opinion-Policy Link."
    • Wlezien, Christopher and Stuart N. Soroka. 2012. "Political Institutions and the Opinion-Policy Link."West European Politics 35(6):1407-1432.
    • (2012) West European Politics , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 1407-1432
    • Wlezien, C.1    Soroka, S.N.2
  • 350
    • 33645755463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politics and State Punitiveness in Black and White.
    • Yates, Jeff and Richard Fording. 2005. "Politics and State Punitiveness in Black and White." Journal of Politics 67(4):1099-1121.
    • (2005) Journal of Politics , vol.67 , Issue.4 , pp. 1099-1121
    • Yates, J.1    Fording, R.2
  • 351
    • 85048596546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "MCSO Sheriff Arpaio seeks to double budget for jail, upgrades."
    • The Arizona Republic. February 19, 2013.
    • Ye Hee Lee, Michelle. 2013. "MCSO Sheriff Arpaio seeks to double budget for jail, upgrades." The Arizona Republic. February 19, 2013. www.azcentral .com/news/articles/20130219mcso-arpaio-seeks-double-budget-jail-upgrades.html.
    • (2013)
    • Ye Hee Lee, M.1
  • 353
    • 85048536745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key's Concept of Latent Opinion. In Electoral Democracy, eds.Michael B. MacKuen and George Rabinowitz. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press
    • Zaller, John. 2003. Coming to Grips with V.O. Key's Concept of Latent Opinion. In Electoral Democracy, eds.Michael B. MacKuen and George Rabinowitz. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
    • (2003) Coming to Grips with V.O
    • Zaller, J.1
  • 355
    • 85009633579 scopus 로고
    • Prison Population and Criminal Justice in California.
    • Zimring, Franklin E. and Gordon Hawkins. 1992. "Prison Population and Criminal Justice in California." CPS Brief 4(8):1-7.
    • (1992) CPS Brief , vol.4 , Issue.8 , pp. 1-7
    • Zimring, F.E.1    Hawkins, G.2
  • 358
    • 85048539806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Future of Federal Sentencing Policy: Learning Lessons from Republican Judicial Appointees in the Guidelines Era.
    • Zlotnick, David M. 2008. "The Future of Federal Sentencing Policy: Learning Lessons from Republican Judicial Appointees in the Guidelines Era." University of Colorado Law Review 79(1):1-76.
    • (2008) University of Colorado Law Review , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-76
    • Zlotnick, D.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.