Crime is the Problem: Homicide, Acquisitive Crime, and Economic Conditions

Journal of Quantitative Criminology

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 287-306

  Rosenfeld, Richard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI ST LOUIS   (United States)

Author keywords

Economy; Homicide; Property crime; Underground markets

Indexed keywords

EID: 73249133381     PISSN: 07484518     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10940-009-9067-9     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Agnew R (1992) Foundations for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology 30: 47-87. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-9125. 1992. tb01093. x.
2. Arvanites TM, Defina RH (2006) Business cycles and street crime. Criminology 44: 139-164. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-9125. 2006. 00045. x.
3. Baron L, Strauss MA (1989) Four theories of rape in American Society: a state-level analysis. Yale University Press, New Haven.
4. Baumer EP, Lauritsen JL, Rosenfeld R, Wright R (1998) The influence of crack cocaine on robbery, burglary, and homicide rates: a cross-city, longitudinal analysis. J Res Crime Delinq 35: 316-340. doi: 10. 1177/0022427898035003004.
5. Becker G (1968) Crime and punishment: an economic approach. J Polit Econ 73: 169-217. doi: 10. 1086/259394.
6. Black D (1976) The behavior of law. Academic Press, New York.
7. Black D (1983) Crime as social control. Am Sociol Rev 48: 34-45. doi: 10. 2307/2095143.
8. Black D (1998) The social structure of right and wrong. Academic Press, San Diego.
9. Blumstein A (1995) Youth violence, guns, and the illicit drug industry. J Crim Law Criminol 86: 10-36. doi: 10. 2307/1143998.
10. Blumstein A, Wallman J (2005) The crime drop in America. Cambridge University Press, New York (Rev. ed.).
11. Burke H (2008) Discount retailers see sales increase; consumers look for bargain to stretch dollar. USA Today (May 9): 5A.
12. Cantor D, Land KC (1985) Unemployment and crime rates in the Post-World War II United States: a theoretical and empirical analysis. Am Sociol Rev 50: 317-332. doi: 10. 2307/2095542.
13. Cantor D, Land KC (2001) Unemployment and crime rate fluctuations: a comment on Greenberg. J Quant Criminol 17: 329-342. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1012585603639.
14. Cohen LE, Felson M (1979) Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activities approach. Am Sociol Rev 44: 588-608. doi: 10. 2307/2094589.
15. Cork D (1999) Examining space-time interaction in city-level homicide data: crack markets and the diffusion of guns among youth. J Quant Criminol 15: 379-406. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1007540007803.
16. Cromwell P, McElrath K (1994) Buying stolen property: an opportunity perspective. J Res Crime Delinq 31: 295-310. doi: 10. 1177/0022427894031003003.
17. Curtin RT (2002) Surveys of consumers: theory, methods, and interpretation. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Association for Business Economics (Washington, DC).
18. Curtin RT (2003) Unemployment expectations: the impact of private information on income uncertainty. Rev Income Wealth 49: 539-554. doi: 10. 1111/j. 0034-6586. 2003. 00103. x.
19. Dobrin A (2001) The risk of offending on homicide victimization: a case control study. J Res Crime Delinq 38: 154-173. doi: 10. 1177/0022427801038002003.
20. Drake SC, Cayton H (1945) Black metropolis: a study of Negro life in a Northern City. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
21. Ehrlich I (1973) Participation in illegitimate activities: a theoretical and empirical investigation. J Polit Econ 81: 521-565. doi: 10. 1086/260058.
22. Eisner M (2001) Modernization, self-control, and lethal violence: the long-term dynamics of European homicide rates in theoretical perspective. Br J Criminol 41: 618-638. doi: 10. 1093/bjc/41. 4. 618.
23. Elias N (1994\1939) The civilizing process. Blackwell, Oxford.
24. Felson MK (2002) Crime and everyday life. Sage, Thousand Oaks.
25. Fielding NG, Clarke A, Witt R (eds) (2000) The economic dimensions of crime. St. Martin's, New York.
26. Fox JA, Swatt ML (2008) Uniform crime reports: supplementary homicide reports with multiple imputation, cumulative files 1976-2005 [Computer file]. ICPSR22161-v2. Ann Arbor: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.
27. Fredrix E (2007) Keg thieves tap thriving market for scrap metal. St. Louis post-dispatch (July 4): C1, C6.
28. Goldstein PJ (1989) Drugs and violent crime. In: Weiner N, Wolfgang M (eds) Pathways to criminal violence. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
29. Gottfredson M, Hirschi T (1990) A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
30. Gould ED, Weinberg BA, Mustard DB (2002) Crime rates and local labor market opportunities in the United States: 1979-1997. Rev Econ Stat 84: 45-61. doi: 10. 1162/003465302317331919.
31. Greenberg DF (2001) Time series analysis of crime rates. J Quant Criminol 17: 291-327. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1012507119569.
32. Grogger JT (1998) Market wages and youth crime. J Labor Econ 16: 756-791. doi: 10. 1086/209905.
33. Gurr TR (1989) Historical trends in violent crime: Europe and the United States. In: Gurr TR (ed) Violence in America, vol. 1: the history of crime. Sage, Newbury Park.
34. Hale Chris, Sabbagh D (1991) Testing the relationship between unemployment and crime: a methodological comment and empirical analysis using time series data from England and Wales. J Res Crime Delinq 28: 400-417. doi: 10. 1177/0022427891028004002.
35. Hart TC, Rennison C (2003) Reporting crime to the police: 1992-2001. US Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
36. Hindelang MJ, Gottfredson MR, Garofalo J (1978) Victims of personal crime: an empirical foundation for a theory of personal victimization. Ballinger, Cambridge.
37. Jacobs BA (1999) Dealing crack: the social world of Streetcorner Selling. Northeastern University Press, Boston.
38. Jacobs BA (2000) Robbing drug dealers. Aldine, New Brunswick.
39. Johnson A (2007) Copper thieves strike utilities. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (May 26). http://www. jsonline. com/story/index. aspx?id=611073.
40. Klockars CB (1974) The professional fence. Free Press, New York.
41. LaFree G (1998) Losing legitimacy: street crime and the decline of social institutions in America. Westview, Boulder, CO.
42. Levitt SD (1996) The effect of prison population size on crime rates: evidence from prison overcrowding litigation. Q J Econ 111: 319-352. doi: 10. 2307/2946681.
43. Levitt SD (2004) Understanding why crime fell in the 1990s: four factors that explain the decline and six that do not. J Econ Perspect 18: 163-190. doi: 10. 1257/089533004773563485.
44. Liedka RV, Piehl AM, Useem B (2006) The crime control effect of incarceration: does scale matter? Criminol Public Policy 5: 245-276. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-9133. 2006. 00376. x.
45. Martinez R, Rosenfeld R, Mares D (2008) Social disorganization, drug market activity, and neighborhood violent crime. Urban Aff Rev 43: 846-874. doi: 10. 1177/1078087408314774.
46. Marvell TB, Moody CE (1994) Prison population and crime reduction. J Quant Criminol 10: 109-139. doi: 10. 1007/BF02221155.
47. Merton RK (1938) Social structure and anomie. Am Sociol Rev 3: 672-682. doi: 10. 2307/2084686.
48. Messner SF, Deane GD, Anselin L, Pearson-Nelson B (2005) Locating the vanguard in rising and falling homicide rates across US cities. Criminology 43: 661-696. doi: 10. 1111/j. 0011-1348. 2005. 00020. x.
49. Ousey GC, Lee MR (2002) Examining the conditional nature of the illicit drug market-homicide relationship: a partial test of the theory of contingent causation. Criminology 40: 73-102. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-9125. 2002. tb00950. x.
50. Portes A, Castells M, Benton LA (eds) (1989) The informal economy: studies in advanced and less developed countries. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
51. Pratt TC, Lowenkamp CT (2002) Conflict theory, economic conditions, and homicide: a time-series analysis. Homicide Stud 6: 61-83. doi: 10. 1177/1088767902006001004.
52. Pyle D (2000) Economists, crime, and punishment. In: Fielding NG, Clarke A, Witt R (eds) The economic dimensions of crime. St. Martin's, New York.
53. Raffalovich LE (1994) Detrending time series: a cautionary note. Sociol Methods Res 22: 492-519. doi: 10. 1177/0049124194022004003.
54. Raphael S, Winter-Ebmer R (2001) Identifying the effect of unemployment on crime. J Law Econ 44: 259-283. doi: 10. 1086/320275.
55. Ratcliffe H (2009) St. Louis man charged in shooting of off-duty firefighter. St. Louis post-dispatch (February 13). http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/stories.nsf/laworder/story/B31965DEF614F1CD8625755C000B3DD5?OpenDocument. Accessed 22 February 2009.
56. Rennison CM (2001) Criminal Victimization 2000: Changes 1999-2000 with Trends 1993-2000. US Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
57. Rondeaux C, Morse D (2007) For thieves, copper is gold in the gutter. Washington Post (July 25): B1.
58. Rosenbloom S (2008) Thrift shops thriving, but running low on stock. New York Times (September 10): C1, C8.
59. Rosenfeld R (2007) Explaining the divergence between UCR and NCVS aggravated assault trends. In: Lynch JP, Addington LA (eds) Understanding crime statistics: revisiting the divergence of the NCVS and the UCR. Cambridge University Press, New York.
60. Rosenfeld R, Fornango R (2007) The impact of economic conditions on robbery and property crime: the role of consumer sentiment. Criminology 45: 735-769. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-9125. 2007. 00081. x.
61. Rosenfeld R, Jacobs B, Wright R (2003) Snitching and the code of the street. Br J Criminol 43: 291-309. doi: 10. 1093/bjc/43. 2. 291.
62. Saviano R (2007) Gomorrah. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, New York.
63. Silverstein MJ, Butman J (2006) Treasure hunt: inside the mind of the new consumer. Portfolio, New York.
64. StataCorp (2009) Stata Statistical Software: Release 10. 1. StataCorp, College Station, TX.
65. Sullivan ML (1989) Getting paid: youth crime and work in the inner city. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
66. Sutton M (1995) Supply by theft: does the market for second-hand goods play a role in keeping crime figures high? Br J Criminol 38: 400-416.
67. Sutton M (1998) Handling Stolen Goods and Theft: A Market Reduction Approach. Home Office Research Study 178. Home Office, London.
68. Tedeschi JT, Felson R (1994) Violence, aggression, and coercive actions. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
69. Valentine BL (1978) Hustling and other hard work. Free Press, New York.
70. Venkatesh SA (2006) Off the books: the underground economy of the urban poor. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
71. Vold GB (1958) Theoretical criminology. Oxford, New York.
72. Wacquant L (1998) Inside the zone: the social art of the hustler in the black American ghetto. Theory Cult Soc 15: 1-36. doi: 10. 1177/026327698015002001.
73. Wright R, Decker SH (1997) Armed robbers in action: stickups and street culture. Northeastern University Press, Boston.
74. Zimring FE, Hawkins G (1997) Crime is not the problem: lethal violence in America. Oxford University Press, New York.