메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-288

The Perils of Federalism: Race, Poverty, and the Politics of Crime Control

Author keywords

Crime; Criminal justice; Criminology; Federalism; Interest groups; Poverty; Public policy; Racial politics

Indexed keywords


EID: 47549117058     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331684.001.0001     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (220)

References (275)
  • 1
    • 84928445549 scopus 로고
    • Interest Group Influence in City Policy-Making:The Views of Administrators
    • Abney, Glenn, and Thomas P. Lauth. 1985. Interest Group Influence in City Policy-Making:The Views of Administrators. Western Political Quarterly 38: 148-161.
    • (1985) Western Political Quarterly , vol.38 , pp. 148-161
    • Abney, G.1    Lauth, T.P.2
  • 6
    • 0346685488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State Police Powers and the Federalization of Local Crime
    • Baker, John S. 1999. State Police Powers and the Federalization of Local Crime. Temple Law Review 72: 675-713.
    • (1999) Temple Law Review , vol.72 , pp. 675-713
    • Baker, J.S.1
  • 7
    • 30644457025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Politics of Punishing: Building a State Governance Theory of American Imprisonment Variation
    • Barker, Vanessa. 2006. The Politics of Punishing: Building a State Governance Theory of American Imprisonment Variation. Punishment and Society 8 (1): 5-32.
    • (2006) Punishment and Society , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-32
    • Barker, V.1
  • 8
    • 21144436813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federalism and the Politics of Sentencing
    • Barkow, Rachel E. 2005. Federalism and the Politics of Sentencing. Columbia Law Review 105 (4): 1276-1314.
    • (2005) Columbia Law Review , vol.105 , Issue.4 , pp. 1276-1314
    • Barkow, R.E.1
  • 9
    • 0039190408 scopus 로고
    • Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 147004. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics
    • Bastian, Lisa D., and Bruce M. Taylor. 1994. Young Black Male Victims: National Crime Victimization Survey. Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 147004. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
    • (1994) Young Black Male Victims: National Crime Victimization Survey
    • Bastian, L.D.1    Taylor, B.M.2
  • 10
    • 19744377637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2001. Office of Justice Programs, Department of Justice. NCJ 202792. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics
    • Bauer, Lynn, and Steven D. Owens. 2004. Justice Expenditures and Employment in the United States, 2001. Office of Justice Programs, Department of Justice. NCJ 202792. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
    • (2004) Justice Expenditures and Employment in the United States
    • Bauer, L.1    Owens, S.D.2
  • 12
    • 0034406294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Evolution of Legislative Jurisdictions
    • Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. 2000. The Evolution of Legislative Jurisdictions. Journal of Politics 62: 321-349.
    • (2000) Journal of Politics , vol.62 , pp. 321-349
    • Baumgartner, F.R.1    Jones, B.D.2
  • 14
    • 0035540326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interest Niches and Policy Bandwagons: Patterns of Interest Group Involvement in National Politics
    • Baumgartner, Frank R., and Beth L. Leech. 2001. Interest Niches and Policy Bandwagons: Patterns of Interest Group Involvement in National Politics. Journal of Politics 63: 1191-1213.
    • (2001) Journal of Politics , vol.63 , pp. 1191-1213
    • Baumgartner, F.R.1    Leech, B.L.2
  • 16
    • 21844509300 scopus 로고
    • Too Many and Yet Too Few: New Principles to Define the Proper Limits for Federal Criminal Jurisdiction
    • Beale, Sara Sun. 1995. Too Many and Yet Too Few: New Principles to Define the Proper Limits for Federal Criminal Jurisdiction. Hastings Law Journal 46: 997-1018.
    • (1995) Hastings Law Journal , vol.46 , pp. 997-1018
    • Beale, S.S.1
  • 18
    • 84945805398 scopus 로고
    • Federalism, National and Democracy in America
    • Beer, Samuel H. 1977. Federalism, National and Democracy in America. American Political Science Review 72: 9-21.
    • (1977) American Political Science Review , vol.72 , pp. 9-21
    • Beer, S.H.1
  • 25
    • 0002939421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rise of Citizen Groups
    • Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina, eds., Washington, DC: Brookings
    • Berry, Jeffrey M. 1999. The Rise of Citizen Groups. In Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina, eds., Civic Engagement in American Democracy. Washington, DC: Brookings.
    • (1999) Civic Engagement in American Democracy
    • Berry, J.M.1
  • 28
    • 0004267478 scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Berry, Jeffrey M. 1977. Lobbying for the People. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1977) Lobbying for the People
    • Berry, J.M.1
  • 29
    • 54749144300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power and Interest Groups in City Politics
    • Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, August 30-September 3
    • Berry, Jeffrey M., Kent E. Portney, Robin Liss, Jessica Simoncelli, and Lisa Berger. 2006. Power and Interest Groups in City Politics. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, August 30-September 3.
    • (2006)
    • Berry, J.M.1    Portney, K.E.2    Liss, R.3    Simoncelli, J.4    Berger, L.5
  • 33
    • 34547199927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Judicial Abandonment of Blacks? Rethinking the "State Action" Cases of the Waite Court
    • Brandwein, Pamela P. 2007. A Judicial Abandonment of Blacks? Rethinking the "State Action" Cases of the Waite Court. Law and Society Review 41 (2): 343-86.
    • (2007) Law and Society Review , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 343-386
    • Brandwein, P.P.1
  • 34
    • 0039555878 scopus 로고
    • Criminal Mischief: The Federalization of American Criminal Law
    • Brickey, Kathleen F. 1995. Criminal Mischief: The Federalization of American Criminal Law. Hastings Law Journal 46: 1135-1174.
    • (1995) Hastings Law Journal , vol.46 , pp. 1135-1174
    • Brickey, K.F.1
  • 35
    • 84972017689 scopus 로고
    • Organized Interests and Their Issue Niches: A Search for Pluralism in a Policy Domain
    • Browne, William P. 1990. Organized Interests and Their Issue Niches: A Search for Pluralism in a Policy Domain. Journal of Politics 52: 477-509.
    • (1990) Journal of Politics , vol.52 , pp. 477-509
    • Browne, W.P.1
  • 37
    • 84921597205 scopus 로고
    • The Department of Justice: Its Origin, Development and Present-Day Organization
    • Buckley, Frank. 1925. The Department of Justice: Its Origin, Development and Present-Day Organization. Boston University Law Review 5: 177-185.
    • (1925) Boston University Law Review , vol.5 , pp. 177-185
    • Buckley, F.1
  • 38
    • 0010808983 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia: Politics of Reform and Retreat
    • Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob, and Robert L. Lineberry, eds., New York:Longman
    • Buffum, Peter C., and Rita Sagi. 1983. Philadelphia: Politics of Reform and Retreat. In Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob, and Robert L. Lineberry, eds., Crime in City Politics. New York:Longman.
    • (1983) Crime in City Politics
    • Buffum, P.C.1    Sagi, R.2
  • 39
  • 40
    • 0002035276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding Prison Policy and Population Trends
    • Michael Tonry and Joan Petersilia, eds., Chicago:University of Chicago Press
    • Caplow, Theodore, and Jonathon Simon. 1999. Understanding Prison Policy and Population Trends. In Michael Tonry and Joan Petersilia, eds., Prisons. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
    • (1999) Prisons
    • Caplow, T.1    Simon, J.2
  • 42
    • 34249747371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We Never Call the Cops and Here Is Why: A Qualitative Examination of Legal Cynicism in Three Philadelphia Neighborhoods
    • Carr, Patrick J., Laura Napolitano, and Jessica Keating. 2007. We Never Call the Cops and Here Is Why: A Qualitative Examination of Legal Cynicism in Three Philadelphia Neighborhoods. Criminology 45 (2): 701-735.
    • (2007) Criminology , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 701-735
    • Carr, P.J.1    Napolitano, L.2    Keating, J.3
  • 48
    • 0347351039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unequal Justice: The Federalization of Criminal Law
    • Clymer, Steven D. 1997. Unequal Justice: The Federalization of Criminal Law. Southern California Law Review 70: 643-735.
    • (1997) Southern California Law Review , vol.70 , pp. 643-735
    • Clymer, S.D.1
  • 49
    • 33947505566 scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood Poverty and African American Politics
    • Cohen, J. Cathy, and Michael C. Dawson. 1993. Neighborhood Poverty and African American Politics. American Political Science Review 87 (2): 286-302.
    • (1993) American Political Science Review , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 286-302
    • Cathy, C.J.1    Dawson, M.C.2
  • 51
    • 84901176380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking the Lead: Dorothy Williams, NAACP Youth Councils and Civil Rights Protests in Pittsburgh, 1961-64
    • Collins, James. 2003. Taking the Lead: Dorothy Williams, NAACP Youth Councils and Civil Rights Protests in Pittsburgh, 1961-64. Journal of African-American History 88: 126-137.
    • (2003) Journal of African-American History , vol.88 , pp. 126-137
    • Collins, J.1
  • 52
    • 33747251622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Protest to Politics: Community Control and Black Independent Politics in Philadelphia, 1965-1984
    • Countryman, Matthew. 2006. From Protest to Politics: Community Control and Black Independent Politics in Philadelphia, 1965-1984. Journal of Urban Affairs 32 (6): 813-861.
    • (2006) Journal of Urban Affairs , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 813-861
    • Countryman, M.1
  • 53
    • 84935185061 scopus 로고
    • Violence and the Word
    • Cover, Robert. 1986. Violence and the Word. Yale Law Journal 95: 1601-1629.
    • (1986) Yale Law Journal , vol.95 , pp. 1601-1629
    • Cover, R.1
  • 55
    • 0039077896 scopus 로고
    • Pennsylvania: Individualism Writ Large
    • Ronald J. Hrebenar and Clive S. Thomas, eds, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press
    • Crotty, Patricia McGee. 1993. Pennsylvania: Individualism Writ Large. In Ronald J. Hrebenar and Clive S. Thomas, eds., Interest Groups in the Northeastern States. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
    • (1993) Interest Groups in the Northeastern States
    • Crotty, P.M.1
  • 56
    • 84896150509 scopus 로고
    • Homer Brown: First Black Political Leader in Pittsburgh
    • Cunningham, Constance A. 1981. Homer Brown: First Black Political Leader in Pittsburgh. Journal of Negro History 66: 304-317.
    • (1981) Journal of Negro History , vol.66 , pp. 304-317
    • Cunningham, C.A.1
  • 58
    • 0004152582 scopus 로고
    • New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Dahl, Robert. 1961. Who Governs? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (1961) Who Governs?
    • Dahl, R.1
  • 60
    • 84921560987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3rd ed. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press
    • Deering, Christopher J., and Steven S. Smith. 1997. Committees in Congress. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
    • (1997) Committees in Congress
    • Deering, C.J.1    Smith, S.S.2
  • 62
    • 10444223096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity Effects on Sentence Outcomes in Felony Cases: Comparisons among White, Black, and Hispanic Defendents
    • Demuth, Stephen, and Darrell Steffensmeier. 2004. Ethnicity Effects on Sentence Outcomes in Felony Cases: Comparisons among White, Black, and Hispanic Defendents. Social Science Quarterly 85: 994-1011.
    • (2004) Social Science Quarterly , vol.85 , pp. 994-1011
    • Demuth, S.1    Steffensmeier, D.2
  • 71
    • 0004278645 scopus 로고
    • Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press
    • Elazar, Daniel J. 1987. Exploring Federalism. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
    • (1987) Exploring Federalism
    • Elazar, D.J.1
  • 73
    • 0004030547 scopus 로고
    • New York: Random House
    • Ellison, Ralph. 1952. Invisible Man. New York: Random House.
    • (1952) Invisible Man
    • Ellison, R.1
  • 76
    • 27744539643 scopus 로고
    • Interest Groups in the Criminal Justice Process
    • Fairchild, Erika. 1981. Interest Groups in the Criminal Justice Process. Journal of Criminal Justice 9: 181-194.
    • (1981) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.9 , pp. 181-194
    • Fairchild, E.1
  • 80
    • 0002553344 scopus 로고
    • Actuarial Justice: The Emerging New Criminal Law
    • David Nelken, ed, New York: Sage
    • Feeley, Malcolm M., and Jonathon Simon. 1994. Actuarial Justice: The Emerging New Criminal Law. In David Nelken, ed., The Futures of Criminology. New York: Sage.
    • (1994) The Futures of Criminology
    • Feeley, M.M.1    Simon, J.2
  • 83
    • 0003211455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme Voices: The Dark Side of Civic Engagement
    • Theda Skocpol and Morris Fiorina, eds, Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press
    • Fiorina, Morris. 1999. Extreme Voices: The Dark Side of Civic Engagement. In Theda Skocpol and Morris Fiorina, eds., Civic Engagement in American Democracy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press.
    • (1999) Civic Engagement in American Democracy
    • Fiorina, M.1
  • 86
    • 84921560985 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Joint Center for Urban Studies, Massachussetts Institute of Technology
    • Freedman, Robert. 1963. A Report on Politics in Philadelphia. Cambridge, MA: Joint Center for Urban Studies, Massachussetts Institute of Technology.
    • (1963) A Report on Politics in Philadelphia
    • Freedman, R.1
  • 88
    • 24944537858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism Revised: Courts, Labor Law, and the Institutional Construction of Racial Animus
    • Frymer, Paul. 2005. Racism Revised: Courts, Labor Law, and the Institutional Construction of Racial Animus. American Political Science Review 99 (3): 373-87.
    • (2005) American Political Science Review , vol.99 , Issue.3 , pp. 373-387
    • Frymer, P.1
  • 89
    • 84946357376 scopus 로고
    • Police Use of Deadly Force
    • Fyfe, James J. 1988. Police Use of Deadly Force. Justice Quarterly 5: 165-205.
    • (1988) Justice Quarterly , vol.5 , pp. 165-205
    • Fyfe, J.J.1
  • 91
    • 0030509474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Limits of the Sovereign State
    • Garland, David. 1996. The Limits of the Sovereign State. British Journal of Criminology 36:445-470.
    • (1996) British Journal of Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 445-470
    • Garland, D.1
  • 93
    • 84971688600 scopus 로고
    • Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black Empowerment
    • Gilliam, Frank D., and Lawrence Bobo. 1990. Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black Empowerment. American Political Science Review 84 (2): 377-393.
    • (1990) American Political Science Review , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 377-393
    • Gilliam, F.D.1    Bobo, L.2
  • 94
    • 0034339661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public
    • Gilliam, Franklin D., Jr., and Shanto Iyengar. 2000. Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public. American Journal of Political Science 44: 560-573.
    • (2000) American Journal of Political Science , vol.44 , pp. 560-573
    • Gilliam, F.D.1    Iyengar, S.2
  • 99
    • 84921560984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Prisoners' Rights Movement and the Carceral State
    • Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, September 1-4
    • Gottschalk, Marie. 2005. The Prisoners' Rights Movement and the Carceral State. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, September 1-4.
    • (2005)
    • Gottschalk, M.1
  • 102
    • 0007126864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Socioeconomic and Political Context of the States
    • Virginia Gray and Russell L. Hanson, eds., Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press
    • Gray, Virginia. 2004. The Socioeconomic and Political Context of the States. In Virginia Gray and Russell L. Hanson, eds., Politics in the American States: A Comparative Analysis. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
    • (2004) Politics in the American States: A Comparative Analysis
    • Gray, V.1
  • 104
    • 0040374527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State Prison Populations and Their Growth, 1971-1991
    • Greenberg, David F., and Valerie West. 2001. State Prison Populations and Their Growth, 1971-1991. Criminology 39 (3): 615-653.
    • (2001) Criminology , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 615-653
    • Greenberg, D.F.1    West, V.2
  • 105
    • 33749431496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurial Corrections: Incarceration as a Business Opportunity
    • Marc Mauer and Meda Chesney-Lind, eds., New York: New Press
    • Greene, Judith A. 2002. Entrepreneurial Corrections: Incarceration as a Business Opportunity. In Marc Mauer and Meda Chesney-Lind, eds., Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment. New York: New Press.
    • (2002) Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment
    • Greene, J.A.1
  • 107
    • 0039867878 scopus 로고
    • The Unhappy History of Civil Rights Legislation
    • Gressman, Eugene. 1952. The Unhappy History of Civil Rights Legislation. Michigan Law Review 50: 1323-1358.
    • (1952) Michigan Law Review , vol.50 , pp. 1323-1358
    • Gressman, E.1
  • 108
    • 0346212328 scopus 로고
    • Political Structure, State Policy, and Industrial Change: Early Railroad Policy in the United States and Prussia
    • Steven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Hall, Peter. 1992. Political Structure, State Policy, and Industrial Change: Early Railroad Policy in the United States and Prussia. In Steven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historic Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1992) Structuring Politics: Historic Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis
    • Hall, P.1
  • 110
    • 33745786954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legislative Politics in the States
    • Virginia Gray and Russell L. Hanson, eds, Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press
    • Hamm, Keith E., and Gary F. Moncrief. 2004. Legislative Politics in the States. In Virginia Gray and Russell L. Hanson, eds., Politics in the American States: A Comparative Analysis. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
    • (2004) Politics in the American States: A Comparative Analysis
    • Hamm, K.E.1    Moncrief, G.F.2
  • 111
    • 0002946809 scopus 로고
    • Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment
    • Anthony King, ed., Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute
    • Heclo, Hugh. 1978. Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment. In Anthony King, ed., The New American Political System. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
    • (1978) The New American Political System
    • Heclo, H.1
  • 114
    • 0347303591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective Prosecution and the Federalization of Criminal Law: the Need for Meaningful Judicial Review of Prosecutorial Discretion
    • Heller, Robert. 1997. Selective Prosecution and the Federalization of Criminal Law: the Need for Meaningful Judicial Review of Prosecutorial Discretion. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 145: 1309-1358.
    • (1997) University of Pennsylvania Law Review , vol.145 , pp. 1309-1358
    • Heller, R.1
  • 116
    • 84921560981 scopus 로고
    • Single-Issue Politics: Pro-Life Groups and the 1980 Senate Campaign
    • David A. Rochefort and Roger W. Cobb, eds., Lawrence: University of Kansas Press
    • Hershey, Marjorie Randon, and Darrell M. West. 1983. Single-Issue Politics: Pro-Life Groups and the 1980 Senate Campaign. In David A. Rochefort and Roger W. Cobb, eds., The Politics of Problem Definition: Shaping the Policy Agenda. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
    • (1983) The Politics of Problem Definition: Shaping the Policy Agenda
    • Hershey, M.R.1    West, D.M.2
  • 119
    • 28344450331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White Female Victims and Death Penalty Disparity Research
    • Holcombe, J. E., M. R. Williams, and S. Demuth. 2004. White Female Victims and Death Penalty Disparity Research. Justice Quarterly 21: 877-902.
    • (2004) Justice Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 877-902
    • Holcombe, J.E.1    Williams, M.R.2    Demuth, S.3
  • 120
    • 0345059870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing Battlegrounds: Interest Group Lobbying across Multiple Venues
    • Holyoke, Thomas T. 2003. Choosing Battlegrounds: Interest Group Lobbying across Multiple Venues. Political Research Quarterly 56: 325-336.
    • (2003) Political Research Quarterly , vol.56 , pp. 325-336
    • Holyoke, T.T.1
  • 121
    • 84921560980 scopus 로고
    • The Role of Interest Groups in Northeast Politics
    • Ronald J. Hrebranar and Clive S. Thomas, eds., University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press
    • Hrebrenar, Ronald J. 1993. The Role of Interest Groups in Northeast Politics. In Ronald J. Hrebranar and Clive S. Thomas, eds., Interest Group Politics in the Northeast States. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
    • (1993) Interest Group Politics in the Northeast States
    • Hrebrenar, R.J.1
  • 123
    • 0002321578 scopus 로고
    • The Rules of the Game: The Logic of Health Policy-Making in France, Switzerland, and Sweden
    • Steven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Immergut, Ellen. 1992. The Rules of the Game: The Logic of Health Policy-Making in France, Switzerland, and Sweden. In Steven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historic Institutionalism in Comparative Anslysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1992) Structuring Politics: Historic Institutionalism in Comparative Anslysis
    • Immergut, E.1
  • 124
    • 84921560979 scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Interstate Immorality: The Mann Act and the Supreme Court
    • Interstate Immorality: The Mann Act and the Supreme Court. 1947. Note. Yale Law Journal, 56: 718-753.
    • (1947) Yale Law Journal , vol.56 , pp. 718-753
  • 127
    • 0036230468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Political Sociology of the Death Penalty:A Pool Time-Series Analysis
    • Jacobs, David, and Jason T. Carmichael. 2002. The Political Sociology of the Death Penalty:A Pool Time-Series Analysis. American Sociological Review 67 (1): 109-131.
    • (2002) American Sociological Review , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-131
    • Jacobs, D.1    Carmichael, J.T.2
  • 129
  • 136
    • 84893384672 scopus 로고
    • The Legal Work of the Federal Government
    • Key, Sewall. 1938. The Legal Work of the Federal Government. Virginia Law Review 25:165-201.
    • (1938) Virginia Law Review , vol.25 , pp. 165-201
    • Key, S.1
  • 141
    • 0040442271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in Professionalism in U.S. State Legislatures
    • King, James D. 2000. Changes in Professionalism in U.S. State Legislatures. Legislative Studies Quarterly 25: 327-343.
    • (2000) Legislative Studies Quarterly , vol.25 , pp. 327-343
    • King, J.D.1
  • 142
    • 1542394938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First Principles of American Federalism and the Nature of Federal Criminal Jurisdiction
    • Kurland, Adam H. 1996. First Principles of American Federalism and the Nature of Federal Criminal Jurisdiction. Emory Law Journal 1: 00-00.
    • (1996) Emory Law Journal , vol.1 , pp. 00-00
    • Kurland, A.H.1
  • 143
    • 34248678390 scopus 로고
    • Local Government and Environmental Policy
    • Martha Derthick, ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Landy, Marc K. 1990. Local Government and Environmental Policy. In Martha Derthick, ed., Dilemmas of Scale in America's Federal Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1990) Dilemmas of Scale in America's Federal Democracy
    • Landy, M.K.1
  • 146
    • 84921560978 scopus 로고
    • Crime and Communities: Prevalence, Imapct and Programs
    • Lawrence B. Joseph, ed, Chicago: Chicago Assembly
    • Ligurio, Aurther J. 1995. Crime and Communities: Prevalence, Imapct and Programs. In Lawrence B. Joseph, ed., Crime, Comunities and Public Policy. Chicago: Chicago Assembly.
    • (1995) Crime, Comunities and Public Policy
    • Ligurio, A.J.1
  • 149
    • 1642499317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias in the Heavenly Chorus: Interests in Society and Before Government
    • Lowery, David, and Virginia Gray. 2004. Bias in the Heavenly Chorus: Interests in Society and Before Government. Journal of Theoretical Politics 16: 5-30.
    • (2004) Journal of Theoretical Politics , vol.16 , pp. 5-30
    • Lowery, D.1    Gray, V.2
  • 151
    • 34248991974 scopus 로고
    • American Business, Public Policy, Case-Studies and Political Theory
    • Lowi, Theodore. 1964. American Business, Public Policy, Case-Studies and Political Theory. World Politics 16: 677-715.
    • (1964) World Politics , vol.16 , pp. 677-715
    • Lowi, T.1
  • 155
    • 0004032793 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Manning, Peter. 1977. Police Work. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1977) Police Work
    • Manning, P.1
  • 162
    • 0002055009 scopus 로고
    • The Politics of Drug Abuse: Laws, Implementation, and Consequences
    • Meier, Kenneth J. 1992. The Politics of Drug Abuse: Laws, Implementation, and Consequences. Western Political Quarterly 45: 41-69.
    • (1992) Western Political Quarterly , vol.45 , pp. 41-69
    • Meier, K.J.1
  • 163
    • 84903732419 scopus 로고
    • Interest Group Politics and the Reform of the Federal Criminal Code
    • Stuart Nagel, Erika Fairchild, and Anthony Champagne, eds., Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas
    • Melone, Albert P., and Robert Slagter. 1983. Interest Group Politics and the Reform of the Federal Criminal Code. In Stuart Nagel, Erika Fairchild, and Anthony Champagne, eds., The Political Science of Criminal Justice. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
    • (1983) The Political Science of Criminal Justice
    • Melone, A.P.1    Slagter, R.2
  • 164
    • 0031511718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executing Hortons: Racial Crime in the 1988 Presidential Campaign
    • Mendelberg, Tali. 1997. Executing Hortons: Racial Crime in the 1988 Presidential Campaign. Public Opinion Quarterly 61: 134-157.
    • (1997) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.61 , pp. 134-157
    • Mendelberg, T.1
  • 165
    • 1842709097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Certainty, Severity, and Their Relative Deterrent Effects:Questioning the Implications of the Role of Risk in Criminal Deterrence Policy
    • Mendes, Silvia M. 2004. Certainty, Severity, and Their Relative Deterrent Effects:Questioning the Implications of the Role of Risk in Criminal Deterrence Policy. Policy Studies Journal 32: 59-75.
    • (2004) Policy Studies Journal , vol.32 , pp. 59-75
    • Mendes, S.M.1
  • 168
    • 34248669019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Representational Biases of Federalism: Scope and Bias in the Political Process, Revisited
    • Miller, Lisa L. 2007. The Representational Biases of Federalism: Scope and Bias in the Political Process, Revisited. Perspectives on Politics 5 (2): 305-321.
    • (2007) Perspectives on Politics , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 305-321
    • Miller, L.L.1
  • 169
    • 10244244978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-thinking Bureaucrats in the Policy Process: Criminal Justice Agents and the National Crime Agenda
    • Miller, Lisa L. 2004. Re-thinking Bureaucrats in the Policy Process: Criminal Justice Agents and the National Crime Agenda. Policy Studies Journal 32: 569-588.
    • (2004) Policy Studies Journal , vol.32 , pp. 569-588
    • Miller, L.L.1
  • 170
    • 0035579247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking for Postmodernism in All the Wrong Places: Implementing a New Penology
    • Miller, Lisa L. 2001a. Looking for Postmodernism in All the Wrong Places: Implementing a New Penology. British Journal of Criminology 41: 168-184.
    • (2001) British Journal of Criminology , vol.41 , pp. 168-184
    • Miller, L.L.1
  • 172
    • 23944466888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Federal/State Criminal Prosecution Nexus: A Case Study in Cooperation and Discretion
    • Miller, Lisa L., and James Eisenstein. 2005. The Federal/State Criminal Prosecution Nexus: A Case Study in Cooperation and Discretion. Law and Social Inquiry 30 (2): 239-268.
    • (2005) Law and Social Inquiry , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 239-268
    • Miller, L.L.1    Eisenstein, J.2
  • 173
    • 84937314764 scopus 로고
    • Measuring U.S. State Legislative Professionalism: An Evaluation of Five Indices
    • Mooney, Christopher Z. 1995. Measuring U.S. State Legislative Professionalism: An Evaluation of Five Indices. State and Local Government Review 26: 70-78.
    • (1995) State and Local Government Review , vol.26 , pp. 70-78
    • Mooney, C.Z.1
  • 174
    • 0013004499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood Inequality, Collective Efficacy, and the Spatial Dynamics of Urban Violence
    • Morenoff, Jeffrey D., and Robert J. Sampson. 2001. Neighborhood Inequality, Collective Efficacy, and the Spatial Dynamics of Urban Violence. Criminology 39: 517-559.
    • (2001) Criminology , vol.39 , pp. 517-559
    • Morenoff, J.D.1    Sampson, R.J.2
  • 177
    • 85044811385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electing to Punish: Congress, Race and the American Criminal Justice State
    • Ph.D. diss., Yale University
    • Murakawa, Naomi. 2005. Electing to Punish: Congress, Race and the American Criminal Justice State. Ph.D. diss., Yale University.
    • (2005)
    • Murakawa, N.1
  • 180
    • 0008315216 scopus 로고
    • March 1, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. 1968, March 1. Final Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1968) Final Report
  • 181
    • 0036614383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Politics of Legislative Drafting: A Congressional Case Study
    • Nourse, Victoria F., and Jane S. Schacter. 2002. The Politics of Legislative Drafting: A Congressional Case Study. New York University Law Review 77: 575.
    • (2002) New York University Law Review , vol.77 , pp. 575
    • Nourse, V.F.1    Schacter, J.S.2
  • 185
    • 84960612984 scopus 로고
    • A New Deal for the FBI: The Roosevelt Administration, Crime Control and National Security
    • O'Reilly, Kenneth. 1982. A New Deal for the FBI: The Roosevelt Administration, Crime Control and National Security. Journal of American History 69: 638-658.
    • (1982) Journal of American History , vol.69 , pp. 638-658
    • O'Reilly, K.1
  • 190
    • 0031287962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Stereotypes and Whites' Political Views of Blacks in the Context of Welfare and Crime
    • Peffley, M., J. Hurwitz, and P. M. Sniderman. 1997. Racial Stereotypes and Whites' Political Views of Blacks in the Context of Welfare and Crime. American Journal of Political Science 41 (1): 30-60.
    • (1997) American Journal of Political Science , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-60
    • Peffley, M.1    Hurwitz, J.2    Sniderman, P.M.3
  • 191
    • 10244232863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Influence of Local Contextual Characteristics on the Implementation of a Statewide Voter Initiative: The Case of California's Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act (Proposition 36)
    • Percival, Garrick L. 2004. The Influence of Local Contextual Characteristics on the Implementation of a Statewide Voter Initiative: The Case of California's Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act (Proposition 36). Policy Studies Journal 32: 589-160.
    • (2004) Policy Studies Journal , vol.32 , pp. 160-589
    • Percival, G.L.1
  • 192
    • 0004127455 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Peterson, Mark. 1990. Legislating Together. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1990) Legislating Together
    • Peterson, M.1
  • 193
    • 0004174448 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press
    • Peterson, Paul E. 1995. The Price of Federalism. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
    • (1995) The Price of Federalism
    • Peterson, P.E.1
  • 194
    • 0004231661 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Peterson, Paul E. 1981. City Limits. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1981) City Limits
    • Peterson, P.E.1
  • 195
    • 33745459577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Relationship between Age Structure and Homicide Rates in the United States, 1970 to 1999
    • Phillips, Julie A. 2006. The Relationship between Age Structure and Homicide Rates in the United States, 1970 to 1999. Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency 43 (2): 230-260.
    • (2006) Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 230-260
    • Phillips, J.A.1
  • 199
    • 84921560976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shopping Around: Environmental Organizations and the Search for Policy Venues
    • Paper delivered at the annual meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Oakland, CA, March 17-19
    • Pralle, Sarah. 2005. Shopping Around: Environmental Organizations and the Search for Policy Venues. Paper delivered at the annual meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Oakland, CA, March 17-19.
    • (2005)
    • Pralle, S.1
  • 200
    • 84901105816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexing Their Political Muscle: Organized Mobilization and Electoral Representation of Race and Ethnic Groups in U.S. Cities
    • Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA, August 31
    • Reckhow, Sarah. 2006. Flexing Their Political Muscle: Organized Mobilization and Electoral Representation of Race and Ethnic Groups in U.S. Cities. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA, August 31.
    • (2006)
    • Reckhow, S.1
  • 206
    • 84971109203 scopus 로고
    • Interest Representation: The Dominance of Institutions
    • Salisbury, Robert. 1984. Interest Representation: The Dominance of Institutions. American Political Science Review 78: 64-76.
    • (1984) American Political Science Review , vol.78 , pp. 64-76
    • Salisbury, R.1
  • 207
    • 0036025777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing "Neighborhood Effects":Social Processes and New Directions in Research
    • Sampson, Robert J., and Jeffrey D. Morenoff. 2002. Assessing "Neighborhood Effects":Social Processes and New Directions in Research. Annual Review of Sociology 28: 443-478.
    • (2002) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.28 , pp. 443-478
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Morenoff, J.D.2
  • 208
    • 84937316514 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge, Domination and Criminal Punishment
    • Savelsberg, Joachim. 1994. Knowledge, Domination and Criminal Punishment. American Journal of Sociology 99 (4): 911-943.
    • (1994) American Journal of Sociology , vol.99 , Issue.4 , pp. 911-943
    • Savelsberg, J.1
  • 212
    • 84937304173 scopus 로고
    • Sexual Violence, Victim Advocacy, and Republican Criminology: Washington State's Community Protection Act
    • Scheingold, Stuart, Toska Olson, and Jana Pershing. 1994. Sexual Violence, Victim Advocacy, and Republican Criminology: Washington State's Community Protection Act. Law and Society Review 28: 729-763.
    • (1994) Law and Society Review , vol.28 , pp. 729-763
    • Scheingold, S.1    Olson, T.2    Pershing, J.3
  • 213
    • 0000961865 scopus 로고
    • The Social Construction of Target Populations:Implications for Politics and Policy
    • Schneider, Anne, and Helen Ingram. 1993. The Social Construction of Target Populations:Implications for Politics and Policy. American Political Science Review 87: 334-347.
    • (1993) American Political Science Review , vol.87 , pp. 334-347
    • Schneider, A.1    Ingram, H.2
  • 214
    • 84959587598 scopus 로고
    • Political Equality and the American Pressure System
    • Scholzman, Kay Lehman. 1984. Political Equality and the American Pressure System. Journal of Politics 46: 1006-1032.
    • (1984) Journal of Politics , vol.46 , pp. 1006-1032
    • Scholzman, K.L.1
  • 216
    • 0040743163 scopus 로고
    • Federal Criminal Jurisdiction and Prosecutors' Discretion
    • Schwartz, L. B. 1948. Federal Criminal Jurisdiction and Prosecutors' Discretion. Law and Contemporary Problems 13: 64-65.
    • (1948) Law and Contemporary Problems , vol.13 , pp. 64-65
    • Schwartz, L.B.1
  • 217
    • 0141655015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kidnapping Federalism: United States v. Wills and the Constitutionality of Extending Federal Criminal Law into the States
    • Scott, M. Todd. 2003. Kidnapping Federalism: United States v. Wills and the Constitutionality of Extending Federal Criminal Law into the States. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 93: 53.
    • (2003) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.93 , pp. 53
    • Scott, M.T.1
  • 218
    • 77953254979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • City Lawsuits against the Gun Industry: A Road Map for Reforming Gun Industry Misconduct
    • Seibel, Brian J. 1999. City Lawsuits against the Gun Industry: A Road Map for Reforming Gun Industry Misconduct. St. Louis University Public Law Review 18: 247-290.
    • (1999) St. Louis University Public Law Review , vol.18 , pp. 247-290
    • Seibel, B.J.1
  • 219
    • 0002446537 scopus 로고
    • Paradoxes of National Antidrug Policymaking
    • David A. Rochefort and Roger W. Cobb, eds., Lawrence: University of Kansas Press
    • Sharp, Elaine B. 1994. Paradoxes of National Antidrug Policymaking. In David A. Rochefort and Roger W. Cobb, eds., The Politics of Problem Definition: Shaping the Policy Agenda. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
    • (1994) The Politics of Problem Definition: Shaping the Policy Agenda
    • Sharp, E.B.1
  • 221
    • 5644283662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of Informal Social Control in Chicago Neighborhoods
    • Silver, Eric, and Lisa L. Miller. 2004. Sources of Informal Social Control in Chicago Neighborhoods. Criminology 42: 551-583.
    • (2004) Criminology , vol.42 , pp. 551-583
    • Silver, E.1    Miller, L.L.2
  • 222
    • 30644479316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Simon, Jonathon. 2006. Governing through Crime. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2006) Governing through Crime
    • Simon, J.1
  • 224
    • 23044523944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosecutorial Discretion and Prosecution Guidelines: A Case Study in Controlling Federalization
    • Simons, Michael A. 2000. Prosecutorial Discretion and Prosecution Guidelines: A Case Study in Controlling Federalization. New York University Law Review 75: 893-965.
    • (2000) New York University Law Review , vol.75 , pp. 893-965
    • Simons, M.A.1
  • 232
    • 84971736964 scopus 로고
    • Political Jurisprudence, The New Institutionalism, and the Future of Public Law
    • Smith, Rogers M. 1988. Political Jurisprudence, The New Institutionalism, and the Future of Public Law. American Political Science Review 82: 89-108.
    • (1988) American Political Science Review , vol.82 , pp. 89-108
    • Smith, R.M.1
  • 234
    • 84934563470 scopus 로고
    • Legislative Professionalism and Membership Diversity in State Legislatures
    • Squire, Peverill. 1992. Legislative Professionalism and Membership Diversity in State Legislatures. Legislative Studies Quarterly 17: 69-79.
    • (1992) Legislative Studies Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 69-79
    • Squire, P.1
  • 236
    • 0041181131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Age in Criminal Sentencing: The Punishment Cost of Being Young, Black, and Male
    • Steffensmeier, Darrell, Jeff Ulmer, and John Kramer. 1998. The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Age in Criminal Sentencing: The Punishment Cost of Being Young, Black, and Male. Criminology 36: 763-797.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 763-797
    • Steffensmeier, D.1    Ulmer, J.2    Kramer, J.3
  • 238
    • 0033470907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model
    • Stepan, Alfred. 1999. Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model. Journal of Democracy 10 (4): 19-34.
    • (1999) Journal of Democracy , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 19-34
    • Stepan, A.1
  • 239
    • 0003828494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office of Justice Programs, Department of Justice., Special Report. NCJ 202949. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics
    • Stephan, James J. 2004. State Prison Expenditures, 2001. Office of Justice Programs, Department of Justice., Special Report. NCJ 202949. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
    • (2004) State Prison Expenditures, 2001
    • Stephan, J.J.1
  • 240
    • 84993725107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Role of Interest Groups in U.S. Criminal Justice Policymaking
    • Stolz, Barbara Ann. 2002. The Role of Interest Groups in U.S. Criminal Justice Policymaking. Criminal Justice 2(1): 51-69.
    • (2002) Criminal Justice , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-69
    • Stolz, A.B.1
  • 241
    • 0041772739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Federalization of Criminal Law
    • Washington, DC: Task Force on the Federalization of Criminal Law. American Bar Association, Criminal Justice Section
    • Strazzella, James A. 1998. The Federalization of Criminal Law. Washington, DC: Task Force on the Federalization of Criminal Law. American Bar Association, Criminal Justice Section.
    • (1998)
    • Strazzella, J.A.1
  • 242
    • 32044450366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Political Constitution of Criminal Justice
    • Stuntz, William J. 2006. The Political Constitution of Criminal Justice. Harvard Law Review 119: 780.
    • (2006) Harvard Law Review , vol.119 , pp. 780
    • Stuntz, W.J.1
  • 243
    • 0345807564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pathological Politics of Criminal Law
    • Stuntz, William J. 2001. The Pathological Politics of Criminal Law. Michigan Law Review 100: 505.
    • (2001) Michigan Law Review , vol.100 , pp. 505
    • Stuntz, W.J.1
  • 246
    • 3543032257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Robbed: Inequality in U.S. Criminal Victimization, 1974-2000
    • Thacher, David. 2004. The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Robbed: Inequality in U.S. Criminal Victimization, 1974-2000. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 20: 89-116.
    • (2004) Journal of Quantitative Criminology , vol.20 , pp. 89-116
    • Thacher, D.1
  • 247
    • 84967071610 scopus 로고
    • Institutionalism in Comparative Politics
    • Steven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds, New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Thelen, Kathleen, and Sven Steinmo. 1992. Institutionalism in Comparative Politics. In Steven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics:Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1992) Structuring Politics:Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis
    • Thelen, K.1    Steinmo, S.2
  • 248
    • 0010201844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interest Groups in the States
    • Virginia Gray and Russell L. Hanson, eds., Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press
    • Thomas, Clive S., and Ronald J. Hrbrenar. 2004. Interest Groups in the States. In Virginia Gray and Russell L. Hanson, eds., Politics in the American States: A Comparative Analysis. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
    • (2004) Politics in the American States: A Comparative Analysis
    • Thomas, C.S.1    Hrbrenar, R.J.2
  • 249
    • 0004009259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Tonry, Michael. 1996. Sentencing Matters. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1996) Sentencing Matters
    • Tonry, M.1
  • 254
    • 33745435746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Great Penal Leap Backward: Incarceration in America from Nixon to Clinton
    • John Pratt, ed., London: Willan Press
    • Wacquant, Loïc. 2005. The Great Penal Leap Backward: Incarceration in America from Nixon to Clinton. In John Pratt, ed., The New Punitiveness: Current Trends, Theories, Perspectives. London: Willan Press.
    • (2005) The New Punitiveness: Current Trends, Theories, Perspectives
    • Wacquant, L.1
  • 259
    • 20144372930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racially Biased Policing: Determinants of Citizen Perceptions
    • Weitzer, Ronald, and S. A. Tuch. 2005. Racially Biased Policing: Determinants of Citizen Perceptions. Social Forces 83 (3): 1009-1030.
    • (2005) Social Forces , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 1009-1030
    • Weitzer, R.1    Tuch, S.A.2
  • 264
    • 0041417423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Disparity and Death Sentences in Ohio
    • Williams, M. R., and J. E. Holcomb. 2001. Racial Disparity and Death Sentences in Ohio. Journal of Criminal Justice 29 (3): 207-218.
    • (2001) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-218
    • Williams, M.R.1    Holcomb, J.E.2
  • 269
    • 0039325408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Incarceration Disparity among the States
    • Yates, Jeff. 1997. Racial Incarceration Disparity among the States. Social Science Quarterly 78: 1001-1010.
    • (1997) Social Science Quarterly , vol.78 , pp. 1001-1010
    • Yates, J.1
  • 270
  • 272
    • 27844435147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penal Policy and Penal Legislation in Recent American Experience
    • Zimring, Franklin E. 2005. Penal Policy and Penal Legislation in Recent American Experience. Stanford Law Review 58: 323-338.
    • (2005) Stanford Law Review , vol.58 , pp. 323-338
    • Zimring, F.E.1
  • 274
    • 0030542453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legislating Federal Crime and Its Consequences: Toward a Principled Basis for Federal Criminal Legislation
    • Zimring, Franklin E., and Gordon Hawkins. 1996. Legislating Federal Crime and Its Consequences: Toward a Principled Basis for Federal Criminal Legislation. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 543 (15): 16-26.
    • (1996) Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , vol.543 , Issue.15 , pp. 16-26
    • Zimring, F.E.1    Hawkins, G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.