Red ginseng and cancer treatment

Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 7-16

  Wang, Chong Zhi ^a   Anderson, Samantha ^a   Du, Wei ^b   He, Tong Chuan ^a   Yuan, Chun Su ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer chemoprevention; Panax ginseng; Panax notoginseng; Panax quinquefolius; Red ginseng

Indexed keywords

GINSENOSIDE; PROTOPANAXADIOL; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ANTIANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; ASIAN GINSENG; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER THERAPY; CELL CYCLE ARREST; GINSENG; NONHUMAN; PANAX NOTOGINSENG; PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUS; REVIEW; STEREOCHEMISTRY; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECTS; HUMAN; NEOPLASMS; PANAX; PHYTOTHERAPY;

ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS; ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, PHYTOGENIC; APOPTOSIS; GINSENOSIDES; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; PANAX; PANAX NOTOGINSENG; PHYTOTHERAPY; STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP;

EID: 84957609363     PISSN: 20956975     EISSN: 18755364     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1009.2016.00007     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A Cancer statistics, 2015 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin 2015, 65(1):5-29.
2. Bosset JF, Collette L, Calais G, et al. Chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer [J]. N Engl J Med 2006, 355(11):1114-1123.
3. Puetz TW, Morley CA, Herring MP Effects of creative arts therapies on psychological symptoms and quality of life in patients with cancer [J]. JAMA Intern Med 2013, 173(11):960-969.
4. Leggett S, Koczwara B, Miller M The impact of complementary and alternative medicines on cancer symptoms, treatment side effects, quality of life, and survival in women with breast cancer-a systematic review [J]. Nutr Cancer 2015, 67(3):373-391.
5. Richardson MA, Straus SE Complementary and alternative medicine: opportunities and challenges for cancer management and research [J]. Semin Oncol 2002, 29(6):531-545.
6. Barnes PM, Powell-Griner E, McFann K, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults: United States, 2002 [J]. Adv Data 2004, 343(343):1-19.
7. Barnes PM, Bloom B, Nahin RL Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007 [J]. Natl Health Stat Report 2008, 12(12):1-23.
8. Ang-Lee MK, Moss J, Yuan CS Herbal medicines and perioperative care [J]. JAMA 2001, 286(2):208-216.
9. Yuan CS, Wei G, Dey L, et al. Brief communication: American ginseng reduces warfarin's effect in healthy patients: a randomized, controlled trial [J]. Ann Intern Med 2004, 141(1):23-27.
10. Qi LW, Wang CZ, Yuan CS Isolation and analysis of ginseng: advances and challenges [J]. Nat Prod Rep 2011, 28(3):467-495.
11. Yang WZ, Hu Y, Wu WY, et al. Saponins in the genus Panax L. (Araliaceae): a systematic review of their chemical diversity [J]. Phytochemistry 2014, 106:7-24.
12. Baeg IH, So SH The world ginseng market and the ginseng (Korea) [J]. J Ginseng Res 2013, 37(1):1-7.
13. Yun TK Panax ginseng-a non-organ-specific cancer preventive? [J]. Lancet Oncol 2001, 2(1):49-55.
14. Yun TK Experimental and epidemiological evidence on non- organ specific cancer preventive effect of Korean ginseng and identification of active compounds [J]. Mutat Res 2003, 523-524:63-74.
15. Sun S, Qi LW, Du GJ, et al. Red notoginseng: higher ginsenoside content and stronger anticancer potential than Asian and American ginseng [J]. Food Chem 2011, 125(4):1299-1305.
16. Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions [J]. Biochem Pharmacol 1999, 58(11):1685-1693.
17. Ouyang LF, Wang ZL, Dai JG, et al. Determination of total ginsenosides in ginseng extracts using charged aerosol detection with post-column compensation of the gradient [J]. Chin J Nat Med 2014, 12(11):857-868.
18. Shergis JL, Zhang AL, Zhou W, et al. Quality and risk of bias in Panax ginseng randomized controlled trials: a review [J]. Am J Chin Med 2013, 41(2):231-252.
19. Rhee MY, Cho B, Kim KI, et al. Blood pressure lowering effect of Korea ginseng derived ginseol K-g1 [J]. Am J Chin Med 2014, 42(3):605-618.
20. Wang CZ, Mehendale SR, Yuan CS Commonly used antioxidant botanicals: active constituents and their potential role in cardiovascular illness [J]. Am J Chin Med 2007, 35(4):543-558.
21. Lee TK, Johnke RM, Allison RR, et al. Radioprotective potential of ginseng [J]. Mutagenesis 2005, 20(4):237-243.
22. Chen YH, Lin YN, Chen WC, et al. Treatment of stress urinary incontinence by ginsenoside Rh2 [J]. Am J Chin Med 2014, 42(4):817-831.
23. Lee YJ, Jin YR, Lim WC, et al. Ginsenoside-Rb1 acts as a weak phytoestrogen in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells [J]. Arch Pharm Res 2003, 26(1):58-63.
24. Mehendale SR, Aung HH, Yin JJ, et al. Effects of antioxidant herbs on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in a rat-pica model [J]. Am J Chin Med 2004, 32(6):897-905.
25. Mehendale S, Aung H, Wang A, et al. American ginseng berry extract and ginsenoside Re attenuate cisplatin-induced kaolin intake in rats [J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005, 56(1):63-69.
26. Fishbein AB, Wang CZ, Li XL, et al. Asian ginseng enhances the anti-proliferative effect of 5-fluorouracil on human colorectal cancer: comparison between white and red ginseng [J]. Arch Pharm Res 2009, 32(4):505-513.
27. Gu C, Qiao J, Zhu M, et al. Preliminary evaluation of the interactions of Panax ginseng and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge with 5-fluorouracil on pharmacokinetics in rats and pharmacodynamics in human cells [J]. Am J Chin Med 2013, 41(2):443-458.
28. Yuan CS, Wang CZ, Wicks SM, et al. Chemical and pharmacological studies of saponins with a focus on American ginseng [J]. J Ginseng Res 2010, 34(3):160-167.
29. Qi LW, Wang CZ, Yuan CS Ginsenosides from American ginseng: chemical and pharmacological diversity [J]. Phytochemistry 2011, 72(8):689-699.
30. Wang A, Wang CZ, Wu JA, et al. Determination of major ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) using high-performance liquid chromatography [J]. Phytochem Anal 2005, 16(4):272-277.
31. Wang CZ, Wu JA, McEntee E, et al. Saponins composition in American ginseng leaf and berry assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography [J]. J Agric Food Chem 2006, 54(6):2261-2266.
32. Park EY, Kim MH, Kim EH, et al. Efficacy comparison of Korean ginseng and American ginseng on body temperature and metabolic parameters [J]. Am J Chin Med 2014, 42(1):173-187.
33. Wu Y, Lu X, Xiang FL, et al. North American ginseng protects the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase [J]. Pharmacol Res 2011, 64(3):195-202.
34. Shao ZH, Xie JT, Vanden Hoek TL, et al. Antioxidant effects of American ginseng berry extract in cardiomyocytes exposed to acute oxidant stress [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004, 1670(3):165-171.
35. Aung HH, Mehendale SR, Wang CZ, et al. Cisplatin's tumoricidal effect on human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells was not attenuated by American ginseng [J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007, 59(3):369-374.
36. Liu J, Wang Y, Qiu L, et al. Saponins of Panax notoginseng: chemistry, cellular targets and therapeutic opportunities in cardiovascular diseases [J]. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014, 23(4):523-539.
37. Wang CZ, McEntee E, Wicks S, et al. Phytochemical and analytical studies of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen [J]. J Nat Med 2006, 60(2):97-106.
38. Wang JR, Yamasaki Y, Tanaka T, et al. Dammarane-type triterpene saponins from the flowers of Panax notoginseng [J]. Molecules 2009, 14(6):2087-2094.
39. Wang CZ, Ni M, Sun S, et al. Detection of adulteration of notoginseng root extract with other panax species by quantitative HPLC coupled with PCA [J]. J Agric Food Chem 2009, 57(6):2363-2367.
40. Huang LF, Shi HL, Gao B, et al. Decichine enhances hemostasis of activated platelets via AMPA receptors [J]. Thromb Res 2014, 133(5):848-854.
41. Xu Y, Lin L, Tang L, et al. Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates hypoxia and hypercapnia-induced vasoconstriction in isolated rat pulmonary arterial rings by reducing the expression of ERK [J]. Am J Chin Med 2014, 42(4):799-816.
42. Zhang HS, Wang SQ Notoginsenoside R1 inhibits TNF- alpha-induced fibronectin production in smooth muscle cells via the ROS/ERK pathway [J]. Free Radic Biol Med 2006, 40(9):1664-1674.
43. Huang SS, Deng JS, Lin JG, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of trilinolein from Panax notoginseng through the suppression of NF-kappaB and MAPK expression and proinflammatory cytokine expression [J]. Am J Chin Med 2014, 42(6):1485-1506.
44. Yang CY, Wang J, Zhao Y, et al. Anti-diabetic effects of Panax notoginseng saponins and its major anti-hyperglycemic components [J]. J Ethnopharmacol 2010, 130(2):231-236.
45. Konoshima T, Takasaki M, Tokuda H Anti-carcinogenic activity of the roots of Panax notoginseng. II [J]. Biol Pharm Bull 1999, 22(10):1150-1152.
46. He NW, Zhao Y, Guo L, et al. Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic activities of a saponin extract derived from the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen [J]. J Med Food 2012, 15(4):350-359.
47. Qian M, Yi L, Song-Lin L, et al. Chemical profiles and anticancer effects of saponin fractions of different polarity from the leaves of Panax notoginseng [J]. Chin J Nat Med 2014, 12(1):30-37.
48. Wang CZ, Luo X, Zhang B, et al. Notoginseng enhances anti- cancer effect of 5-fluorouracil on human colorectal cancer cells [J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007, 60(1):69-79.
49. Lee SA, Jo HK, Im BO, et al. Changes in the contents of prosapogenin in the red ginseng (Panax ginseng) depending on steaming batches [J]. J Ginseng Res 2012, 36(1):102-106.
50. Ren G, Zhang XW, Chen F Predicting color kinetics during red Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) preparation [J]. Pharmazie 2000, 55(4):300-302.
51. Wang CZ, Aung HH, Ni M, et al. Red American ginseng: ginsenoside constituents and antiproliferative activities of heat-processed Panax quinquefolius roots [J]. Planta Med 2007, 73(7):669-674.
52. Wang CZ, Zhang B, Song WX, et al. Steamed American ginseng berry: ginsenoside analyses and anticancer activities [J]. J Agric Food Chem 2006, 54(26):9936-9942.
53. Kang KS, Yamabe N, Kim HY, et al. Increase in the free radical scavenging activities of American ginseng by heat processing and its safety evaluation [J]. J Ethnopharmacol 2007, 113(2):225-232.
54. Kwon SW, Han SB, Park IH, et al. Liquid chromatographic determination of less polar ginsenosides in processed ginseng [J]. J Chromatogr A 2001, 921(2):335-339.
55. Quan K, Liu Q, Wan JY, et al. Rapid preparation of rare ginsenosides by acid transformation and their structure-activity relationships against cancer cells [J]. Sci Rep 2015, 5:8598.
56. Yun TK, Choi SY Preventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: a case-control study on 1987 pairs [J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995, 4(4):401-408.
57. Yun TK, Choi SY A case-control study of ginseng intake and cancer [J]. Int J Epidemiol 1990, 19(4):871-876.
58. Yun TK, Lee YS, Lee YH, et al. Anticarcinogenic effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and identification of active compounds [J]. J Korean Med Sci 2001, 16 Suppl:S6-18.
59. Kim H, Hong MK, Choi H, et al. Chemopreventive effects of korean red ginseng extract on rat hepatocarcinogenesis [J]. J Cancer 2015, 6(1):1-8.
60. Wang CZ, Aung HH, Zhang B, et al. Chemopreventive effects of heat-processed Panax quinquefolius root on human breast cancer cells [J]. Anticancer Res 2008, 28(5A):2545-2551.
61. Wang CZ, Zhang Z, Anderson S, et al. Natural products and chemotherapeutic agents on cancer: prevention vs. treatment [J]. Am J Chin Med 2014, 42(6):1555-1558.
62. Lin Y, Jiang D, Li Y, et al. Effect of sun ginseng potentiation on epirubicin and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells [J]. J Ginseng Res 2015, 39(1):22-28.
63. Kim SJ, Kwak HJ, Kim DS, et al. Protective mechanism of Korean Red Ginseng in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity through attenuation of nuclear factor-kappaB and caspase-1 activation [J]. Mol Med Rep 2015, 12(1):315-322.
64. Kim YJ, Chung JW, Lee SJ, et al. Progression from chronic atrophic gastritis to gastric cancer; tangle, toggle, tackle with Korea red ginseng [J]. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010, 46(3):195-204.
65. Nabel EG CDKs and CKIs: molecular targets for tissue remodelling [J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2002, 1(8):587-598.
66. Zhang YL, Zhang R, Xu HL, et al. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol triggers mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway [J]. Am J Chin Med 2013, 41(5):1137-1152.
67. Wang CZ, Zhang Z, Wan JY, et al. Protopanaxadiol, an active ginseng metabolite, significantly enhances the effects of fluorouracil on colon cancer [J]. Nutrients 2015, 7(2):799-814.
68. Choi S, Kim TW, Singh SV Ginsenoside Rh2-mediated G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells is caused by p15 Ink4B and p27 Kip1-dependent inhibition of cyclin- dependent kinases [J]. Pharm Res 2009, 26(10):2280-2288.
69. Kim SE, Lee YH, Park JH, et al. Ginsenoside-Rs4, a new type of ginseng saponin concurrently induces apoptosis and selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 in human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells [J]. Eur J Cancer 1999, 35(3):507-511.
70. Gao JL, Lv GY, He BC, et al. Ginseng saponin metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibits tumor growth by targeting multiple cancer signaling pathways [J]. Oncol Rep 2013, 30(1):292-298.
71. Czabotar PE, Lessene G, Strasser A, et al. Control of apoptosis by the BCL-2 protein family: implications for physiology and therapy [J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014, 15(1):49-63.
72. Park HM, Kim SJ, Kim JS, et al. Reactive oxygen species mediated ginsenoside Rg3- and Rh2-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells through mitochondrial signaling pathways [J]. Food Chem Toxicol 2012, 50(8):2736-2741.
73. Cheong JH, Kim H, Hong MJ, et al. Stereoisomer-specific anticancer activities of ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 in HepG2 cells: disparity in cytotoxicity and autophagy-inducing effects due to 20(S)-epimers [J]. Biol Pharm Bull 2015, 38(1):102-108.
74. Jin YH, Yim H, Park JH, et al. Cdk2 activity is associated with depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential during apoptosis [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003, 305(4):974-980.
75. Zhang Z, Li Z, Wu X, et al. TRAIL pathway is associated with inhibition of colon cancer by protopanaxadiol [J]. J Pharmacol Sci 2015, 127(1):83-91.
76. Hoa N, Myers MP, Douglass TG, et al. Molecular mechanisms of paraptosis induction: implications for a non-genetically modified tumor vaccine [J]. PLoS One 2009, 4(2):e4631.
77. Li B, Zhao J, Wang CZ, et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 induces apoptosis and paraptosis-like cell death in colorectal cancer cells through activation of p53 [J]. Cancer Lett 2011, 301(2):185-192.
78. Wang CZ, Li B, Wen XD, et al. Paraptosis and NF-kappaB activation are associated with protopanaxadiol-induced cancer chemoprevention [J]. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013, 13:2.
79. Folkman J Angiogenesis: an organizing principle for drug discovery? [J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007, 6(4):273-286.
80. Leung KW, Cheung LW, Pon YL, et al. Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits tube-like structure formation of endothelial cells by regulating pigment epithelium-derived factor through the oestrogen beta receptor [J]. Br J Pharmacol 2007, 152(2):207-215.
81. Yue PY, Wong DY, Wu PK, et al. The angiosuppressive effects of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 [J]. Biochem Pharmacol 2006, 72(4):437-445.
82. Zhou B, Wang J, Yan Z Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates hepatoma VEGF overexpression after hepatic artery embolization in an orthotopic transplantation hepatocellular carcinoma rat model [J]. Onco Targets Ther 2014, 7:1945-1954.
83. Bae J, Koo J, Kim S, et al. Ginsenoside Rp1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects via activation of dendritic cells and regulatory T cells [J]. J Ginseng Res 2012, 36(4):375-382.
84. Mochizuki M, Yoo YC, Matsuzawa K, et al. Inhibitory effect of tumor metastasis in mice by saponins, ginsenoside-Rb2, 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3, of red ginseng [J]. Biol Pharm Bull 1995, 18(9):1197-1202.
85. Popovich DG, Kitts DD Structure-function relationship exists for ginsenosides in reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in the human leukemia (THP-1) cell line [J]. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002, 406(1):1-8.
86. Li W, Liu Y, Zhang JW, et al. Anti-androgen-independent prostate cancer effects of ginsenoside metabolites in vitro: mechanism and possible structure-activity relationship investigation [J]. Arch Pharm Res 2009, 32(1):49-57.
87. Wang W, Zhao Y, Rayburn ER, et al. In vitro anti-cancer activity and structure-activity relationships of natural products isolated from fruits of Panax ginseng [J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007, 59(5):589-601.
88. Lee SY, Kim GT, Roh SH, et al. Proteomic analysis of the anti-cancer effect of 20S-ginsenoside Rg3 in human colon cancer cell lines [J]. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009, 73(4):811-816.