Organizational Learning

International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2007

Volumn 22, Issue , 2008, Pages 193-234

  Argote, Linda ^a   Todorova, Gergana ^a  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive mediation; Learning processes; Organizational behavior; Organizational learning; Social components

Indexed keywords

EID: 84948772484     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470753378.ch5     Document Type: Chapter

References (251)

1. Adler, P. S., Goldaftas, B. & Levine, D. I. (1999). Flexibility versus efficiency? A case study of model changeovers in Toyota Production System. Organization Science, 10, 43-68.
2. Adler, P. S., Riley, P., Kwon, S. W. & Singer, J. (2003). Performance improvement capability: Keys to accelerating performance improvements in hospitals. California Management Review, 45, 33.
3. Ahuja, G. (2000). Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: A longitudinal study. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(3), 425-455.
4. Ahuja,G. &Katila, R. (2004). Where do resources come from? The role of idiosyncratic situations. Strategic Management Journal, 25, 887-907.
5. Ahuja, G. & Lampert, J. (2001). Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: A longitudinal study of how established firms create breakthrough inventions. Strategic Management Journal, Special Issue, 22, 521-543.
6. Alcacer, J. & Gittelman, M. (2006). How do I know what you know? Patent examiners and the generation of patent citations. Forthcoming, Review of Economics and Statistics.
7. Almeida, P.&Kogut,B. (1999). Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks. Management Science, 45, 905-917.
8. Ambrosini, V. & Bowman, C. (2001). Tacit knowledge: Some suggestions for operationalization. Journal of Management Studies, 38(6), 811-829.
9. Antonacopoulou, E. P. (2001). The paradoxical nature of the relationship between training and learning. Journal of Management Studies, 38, 327-350.
10. Argote, L. (1999). Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining and Transferring Knowledge. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
11. Argote, L., Beckman, S. L. & Epple,D. (1990). The persistence and transfer of learning in industrial settings. Management Science, 36, 140-154.
12. Argote, L. & Epple,D. (1990, February 23). Learning curves in manufacturing. Science, 247, 920-924.
13. Argote, L., Gruenfeld, D. & Naquin, C. (2001). Group learning in organizations. In M. E. Turner (ed.), Groups at Work: Advances in Theory and Research (pp. 369-411). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
14. Argote, L. & Ingram, P. (2000). Knowledge transfer in organizations: A basis for competitive advantage in firms. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82, 150-169.
15. Argote, L. & Kane, A. A. (2003). Learning from direct and indirect experience in organizations: The effects of experience content, timing, and distribution. In P. Paulus & B. Nijstad (eds), Group Creativity (pp. 277-303). New York: Oxford University Press.
16. Argote, L., McEvily, B. & Reagans, R. (2003). Managing knowledge in organizations: An integrative framework and review of emerging themes. Management Science, 49, 571-582.
17. Argote, L. & Ophir, R. (2002). Intraorganizational learning. In J. A. C. Baum (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations (pp. 181-207). Oxford, England: Blackwell Business.
18. Argyris, C. (1992). On Organizational Learning. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Business.
19. Arthur Jr.,W., Bennett Jr.,W., Edens, P. S. & Bell, S. T. (2003). Effectiveness of training in organizations: A meta-analysis of design and evaluation features. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 234-245.
20. Arrow, H. & McGrath, J. E. (1993). How member change and continuity affect small group structure, process, and performance. Small Group Research, 24, 334-361.
21. Ashworth, M., Argote, L. & Mukhopadhyay, T. (2005). The effect of information technology on organizational learning and knowledge transfer. Paper presented at meetings of the Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences (INFORMS), November 2005.
22. Ashworth, M., Mukhopadhyay, T. & Argote, L. (2004). Information technology and organizational learning: An empirical analysis. Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) (pp. 11-21).
23. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.
24. Baldwin, T. T. & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41, 63-105.
25. Bantel, K. A. & Jackson, S. E. (1989). Top management and innovations in banking: Does the composition of the top team make a difference? Strategic Management Journal, 10,107-124.
26. Barnett, W. P., Greve, H. R. & Park, D. Y. (1994). An evolutionary model of organizational performance. Strategic Management Journal, 15 (winter special issue), 11-28.
27. Barrett, F. J. (1998). Creativity and improvisation in jazz and organizations: Implications for organizational learning. Organization Science, 9, 605-622.
28. Baum, J. A. C. & Ingram, P. (1998). Survival-enhancing learning in the Manhattan hotel industry, 1898-1980. Management Science, 44, 996-1016.
29. Benkard, C. L. (2000). Learning and forgetting: The dynamics of aircraft production. American Economic Review, 90, 1034-1054.
30. Benner, M.&Tushman, M. (2002). Process management and technological innovation: A longitudinal study of the photography and paint industries. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 676-706.
31. Berman, S. L., Down, J. & Hill, C. W. L. (2002). Tacit knowledge as a source of competitive advantage in the National Basketball Association. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 13-31.
32. Berry, D. C. & Broadbent, D. E. (1984). On the relationship between task performance and associated verbalizable knowledge. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36A, 209-231.
33. Berry, D. C. & Broadbent, D. E. (1987). The combination of explicit and implicit learning processes in task control. Psychological Research, 49, 7-15.
34. Bohn, R. E. (1995). Noise and learning in semiconductor manufacturing. Management Science, 41, 31-42.
35. Borgatti, S. P. & Cross, R. (2003). A relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks. Management Science, 49, 432-445.
36. Boudreau, M., Loch, K., Robey, D. & Straud, D. (1998). Going global: Using information technology to advance the competitiveness of the virtual transnational organization. Academy of Management Executive, 12(4), 120-128.
37. Boudreau, M. & Robey, D. (2005). Enacting integrated information technology: A human agency perspective. Organization Science, 16, 3-19.
38. Brandon, D. P. & Hollingshead, A. B. (2004). Transactive memory systems in organizations: Matching tasks, expertise and people. Organization Science, 15, 633-644.
39. Brown, L. A. (1981). Innovation Diffusion: A New Perspective. New York: Methuen.
40. Brown, J. S. & Duguid, P. (1991). Organizational learning and communities of practice: Towards a unified view of working, learning and innovation. Organization Science, 2, 40-57.
41. Bunderson, J. S. & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2003). Management team learning orientation and business unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 552-560.
42. Burgelman, R. (1991). Intraorganizational ecology of strategy making and organizational adaptation. Organization Science, 2, 239-262.
43. Burgelman, R. A. (2002a). Strategy as vector and the inertia of coevolutionary lock-in. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 325-359.
44. Burgelman, R. A. (2002b). Strategy is Destiny: How Strategy-Making Shapes a Company's Future. New York: Free Press.
45. Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
46. Bussing, A. & Herbig, B. (2003). Implicit knowledge and experience in work and organizations. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (eds), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Vol. 18, pp. 239-279). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
47. Carley, K. M. & Lin, Z. (1997). A theoretical study of organizational performance under information distortion. Management Science, 43, 976-998.
48. Carlile, P. R. & Rebentisch, E. S. (2003). Into the black box: The knowledge transformation cycle. Management Science, 49, 1180-1195.
49. Carroll, G. R., Bigelow, L. S., Seidel, M. L. & Tsai, L. B. (1996). The fates of the de novo and de alio producers in American automobile industry: 1885-1981. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 117-137.
50. Chang, M. H. & Harrington, J. (2003). Multi-market competition, consumer search, and the organizational structure of multi-unit firms. Management Science, 49, 541-552.
51. Choi, H. S. & Levine, J. M. (2004). Minority influence in work teams: The impact of newcomers. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 273-280.
52. Choi, H. S. & Thompson, L. (2005). Old wine in a new bottle: Impact of membership change on group creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 98, 121-132.
53. Chuang, Y. & Baum, J. A. C. (2003). It's all in the name: Failure-induced learning by multiunit chains. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 33-61.
54. Clark, H. (1996). Using Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.
55. Clark, H. & Marshall, C. (1981). Definite reference and mutual knowledge. In A. Joshi, I. Sag & B.Webber (eds), Elements of Discourse Understanding (pp. 10-63). New York: Cambridge University Press.
56. Cohen, M. D. & Bacdayan, P. (1994). Organizational routines are stored as procedural memory: Evidence from a laboratory study. Organization Science, 5, 554-568.
57. Cohen, M. & Sproull, L. (1991). Organizational learning: Papers in honor of (and by) James G. March. Special issue of Organization Science, 2, 1991.
58. Cohen, W. M. & Levinthal, D. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152.
59. Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120.
60. Cramton, C. D. (2001). The mutual knowledge problem and its consequences for dispersed collaboration. Organization Science, 12, 346-371.
61. Crossan, M. M., Lane, H. W. & White, R. E. (1999). An organizational learning framework: From intuition to institution. Academy of Management Review, 24, 522-537.
62. Crossan, M. (1998). Improvisation in action. Organization Science, 9(5), 593-599.
63. Cummings, J. N. (2004). Work groups, structural diversity and knowledge sharing in a global organization. Management Science, 50, 352-364.
64. Cyert, R. M. & March, J. G. (1963). A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
65. Darr, E.D., Argote, L.&Epple,D. (1995). The acquisition, transfer and depreciation of knowledge in service organizations: Productivity in franchises. Management Science, 41,1750-1762.
66. Darr, E.D. &Kurztberg, T. R. (2000). An investigation of partner similarity dimensions of knowledge transfer. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82, 28-44.
67. Davenport, T. & Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
68. Davis, G. (1991). Agents without principles? The spread of the poison pill through the intercorporate network. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 583-613.
69. Denrell, J., Fang, C. & Levinthal, D. A. (2004). From T-mazes to labyrinths: Learning from model-based feedback. Management Science, 50, 1366-1378.
70. Denrell, J. & March, J. (2001). Adaptation as information restriction: The hot stove effect. Organization Science, 12, 523-538.
71. Diehl, E. & Sterman, J. D. (1995). Effects of feedback complexity on dynamic decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 62(2), 198-215.
72. Dosi, G., Levinthal, D. & Marengo, L. (2003). Bridging contested terrain: Linking incentive-based and learning perspectives of organizational evolution. Industrial and Corporate Change, 12, 413-436.
73. Dunbar, K. (1995). How scientists really reason: Scientific reasoning in real-world laboratories. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (eds), The Nature of Insight (pp. 65-395). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
74. Duncan, R.&Weiss, A. (1979). Organizational learning: Implications for organizational design. Research in Organizational Behavior, 1, 75-123.
75. Dutton, J. M. & Thomas, A. (1984). Treating progress functions as a managerial opportunity. Academy of Management Review, 9, 235-247.
76. Easterby-Smith, M. & Lyles, M. A. (eds) (2003). The Blackwell Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
77. Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383.
78. Edmondson, A. C. (2002). The local and variegated nature of learning in organizations: A group-level perspective. Organization Science, 13, 128-146.
79. Eisenhardt, K. M. & Tabrizi, B. N. (1995). Accelerating adaptive processes: Product innovation in the global computer industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 84-110.
80. Ellis, S. & Davidi, I. (2005). After-event reviews: Drawing lessons from successful and failed experience. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 857-871.
81. Feldman, M. S. (2000). Organizational routines as sources of continuous change. Organization Science, 11, 611-627.
82. Fiol, C. M. & Lyles, M. A. (1985). Organizational learning. Academy of Management Review, 10, 803-813.
83. Fleming, L. (2001). Recombinant uncertainty in technological search. Management Science, 47, 117-132.
84. Fleming, L. & Sorenson, O. (2004). Science as a map in technology search. Strategic Management Journal, 25, 909-928.
85. Friedman, V. J., Lipshitz, R. & Popper, M. (2005). The mystification of organizational learning. Journal of Management Inquiry, 14, 19-30.
86. Fussell, S. R. & Krauss, R. (1992). Coordination of knowledge in communication: Effects of speaker's assumption about what others know. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 378-391.
87. Galbraith, C. S. (1990). Transferring core manufacturing technologies in high technology firms. California Management Review, 32, 56-70.
88. Galunic, D. C. & Rodan, S. (1998). Resource recombinations in the firm: knowledge structures and the potential for Schumpeterian innovation. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 1193-1201.
89. Garvin, D. A. (2000). Learning in Action. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
90. Gibson, F. P. (2000). Feedback delays: How can decision makers learn not to buy a new car every time the garage is empty? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 83, 141-166.
91. Gick, M. L. & Holyoak, K. J. (1980). Analogical problem solving. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 306-355.
92. Gick, M. L. & Holyoak, K. J. (1983). Schema induction and analogical transfer. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 1-38.
93. Goodman, J. S.,Wood, R. E.&Hendrickx, M. (2004). Feedback specificity, exploration and learning, Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 248-262.
94. Goodman, P. S. & Leyden, D. P. (1991). Familiarity and group productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 578-586.
95. Grandori, A. & Kogut, B. (2002). Dialogue on organization and knowledge. Organization Science, 13, 224-231.
96. Grant, R. M. (1996). A knowledge-based theory of inter-firm collaboration. Organization Science, 7, 375-387.
97. Greve, H. (1998). Performance, aspirations, and risky organizational change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, 58-87.
98. Greve, H. (1999). Branch systems and nonlocal learning in populations. Advances in Strategic Management, 16, 57-80.
99. Greve, H. (2002). Sticky aspirations: Organizational time perspective and competitiveness. Organization Science, 13, 1-18.
100. Greve, H. (2003). Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
101. Gruenfeld,D. H., Martorana, P.V.&Fan, E.T. (2000). What do groups learn from their worldiest members? Direct and indirect influence in dynamic teams. Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82, 60-74.
102. Gupta, A. K. & Govindarajan, V. (2000). Knowledge flows within multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 473-496.
103. Haas, M. R. & Hansen, M. T. (2004). When using knowledge can hurt performance: The value of organizational capabilities in a management consulting company. Strategic Management Journal, 26, 1-24.
104. Hambrick, D. C., Cho, T. S. & Chen, M. (1996). The influence of top management team heterogeneity on firms' competitive moves. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 659-684.
105. Hansen, M. (1999). The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organizational subunits. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 82-112.
106. Hargadon, A. B. & Sutton, R. I. (1997). Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 716-749.
107. Haunschild, P. R. (1993). Interorganizational imitation: The impact of interlocks on corporate acquisition activity. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 564-592.
108. Haunschild, P. R. & Sullivan, B. N. (2002). Learning from complexity: Effects of prior accidents and incidents on airlines' learning. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 609-643.
109. He, Z. & Wong, P. (2004). Exploration vs. exploitation: An empirical test of the ambidexterity hypothesis. Organization Science, 15, 481-494.
110. Helfat, C. E. (2000). Guest editor's introduction to the special issue: The evolution of firm capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 955-959.
111. Helfat, C. E. & Raubitschek, R. (2000). Product sequencing: Co-evolution of knowledge, capabilities and products. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 961-979.
112. Henderson, R. & Cockburn, I. (1994). Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in drug discovery. Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue, 15, 63-84.
113. Hill, C. & Rothaermel, F. (2003). The performance of incumbent firms in the face of radical technological innovation. Academy of Management Review, 28, 257-274.
114. Hodgkinson, G. P. (2005). Images of Competitive Space: A Study in Managerial and Organizational Strategic Cognition. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan.
115. Hodgkinson,G. P. & Sparrow, P. R. (2002). The Competent Organization: A Psychological Analysis of the Strategic Management Process. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
116. Hoegl, M.&Gemuenden, H.G. (2001). Teamwork quality and the success of innovative projects: A theoretical concept and empirical evidence. Organization Science, 12, 435-449.
117. Hoffman, D. A. & Stetzer, A. (1998). The role of safety climate and communication in accident interpretation: Implications for learning from negative events. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 644-658.
118. Holmqvist, M. (2004). Experiential learning processes of exploitation and exploration within and between organizations: An empirical study of product development. Organization Science, 15, 70-81.
119. Hollingshead, A. B. (1998). Group and individual training: The impact of practice on performance. Small Group Research, 29, 254-280.
120. Huber, G. P. (1991). Organizational learning: The contributing processes and the literatures. Organization Science, 2, 88-115.
121. Huckman, R. S. & Pisano, G. P. (2006). The firmspecificity of individual performance: Evidence from cardiac surgery. Management Science, 52, 473-488.
122. Huff, A. S. (1990). Mapping strategic thought. In A. S. Huff (ed.), Mapping Strategic Thought (pp. 11-49). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
123. Huff, A. S. & Jenkins, M. (2001). Mapping managerial knowledge. In A. S. Huff &M. Jenkins (eds), Mapping Managerial Knowledge. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
124. Ingram, P. (2002). Interorganizational learning. In J. A. C. Baum (ed.), The Blackwell companion to organizations (pp. 181-207). Oxford, England: Blackwell Business.
125. Ingram, P. & Baum, J. A. C. (1997a). Opportunity and constraint: Organizations' learning from the operating and competitive experience of industries. Strategic Management Journal, 18,75-98.
126. Ingram, P. & Baum, J. A. C. (1997b). Chain affiliation and the failure of Manhattan hotels, 1898-1980. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 68-102.
127. Ingram, P. & Simons, T. (2002). The transfer of experience in groups of organizations: Implications for performance and competition. Management Science, 48, 1517-1533.
128. Irwin, D. A. & Klenow, P. J. (1994). Learning-by-doing spillovers in the semiconductor industry. Journal of Political Economy, 102, 1200-1227.
129. Kane, A. A., Argote, L. & Levine, J. (2005). Knowledge transfer between groups via personnel rotation: Effects of social identity and knowledge quality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 96, 56-71.
130. Katila, R. & Ahuja, G. (2002). Something old, something new: A longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 1183-1194.
131. Katz, R. (1982). The effects of group longevity on communication and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 27, 81-104.
132. Keith, N. & Frese, M. (2005). Self-regulation in error management training. Emotion control and metacognition as mediators of performance effects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 677-691.
133. Kim, P. H. (1997). When what you know can hurt you: A study of experiential effects on group discussion and performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69, 165-177.
134. King, A.W. & Zeithaml, C. P. (2003). Measuring organizational knowledge: A conceptual and methodological framework. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 763-772.
135. Klepper, S. & Sleeper, S. (2005). Entry by spinoffs. Management Science, 51, 1291-1306.
136. Knott, A. M. (2002). Exploration and exploitation as complements. In N. Bontis & C.W. Choo (eds), The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge: A Collection of Readings (pp. 339-358). New York: Oxford University Press.
137. Kogut, B. (1991). Joint ventures and the option to expand and acquire. Management Science, 37, 19-33.
138. Lant, T. K., Milliken, F. J. & Batra, B. (1992). The role of managerial learning and interpretation in strategic persistence and reorientation: An empirical exploration. Strategic Management Journal, 13, 585-608.
139. Lapre, M. A. & Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2001). Creating and transferring knowledge for productivity improvement in factories. Management Science, 47, 1311-1325.
140. Larson, J. R., Christensen, C., Abbott, A. S. & Franz, T. M. (1996). Diagnosing groups: Charting the flow of information in medical decision-making teams. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 315-330.
141. Lave, C. & March, J. G. (1975). An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences. New York: Harper & Row.
142. Lawrence, B. S. (1997). The black box of organizational demography. Organization Science, 8, 645-664.
143. Lee, F., Edmondson, A. C. & Thomke, S. (2004). The mixed effects of inconsistency on experimentation in organizations. Organization Science, 15, 310-326.
144. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992). Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 13, 111-125.
145. Levinthal, D. A. & March, J. G. (1993). The myopia of learning. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 95-112.
146. Levinthal, D. & Rerup, C. (2006). Bridging mindful and less mindful perspectives on organizational learning. Organization Science, 17, 502-513.
147. Levitt, B. & March, J. G. (1988). Organizational learning. Annual Review of Sociology, 14, 319-340.
148. Lewis, K., Lange, D. & Gillis, L. (2005). Transactive memory systems, learning, and learning transfer. Organization Science, 16, 581-598.
149. Liang, D. W., Moreland, R. & Argote, L. (1995). Group versus individual training and group performance: The mediating role of transactive memory system. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 384-393.
150. Lieberman, M. B. (1984). The learning curve and pricing in the chemical processing industries. The Rand Journal of Economics, 15, 213-228.
151. Littlepage, G., Robinson, W. & Reddington, K. (1997). Effects of task experience and group experience on group performance, member ability, and recognition of expertise. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69, 133-147.
152. Macher, J. T. & Mowery, D. C. (2003). Managing learning by doing: An empirical study in semiconductor manufacturing. Journal of Production Management, 20, 391-440.
153. Mahajan, V. & Peterson, R. A. (1979). Sage University Series on Quantitative Applications in Social Sciences: Models for Innovation Diffusion. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.
154. Majchrzak, A., Cooper, L. P. & Neece, O. E. (2004). Knowledge reuse for innovation. Management Science, 50, 174-188.
155. March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2, 71-87.
156. March, J. G. & Olsen, J. P. (1975). Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations. Universitesforlaget Bergen: Norway.
157. March, J. G., Schultz, M. & Zhou, X. (2000). The Dynamics of Rules: Change inWritten Organizational Codes. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
158. March, J. G. & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
159. March, J. G., Sproull, L. S. & Tamuz, M. (1991). Learning from samples of one or fewer. Organization Science, 2, 1-14.
160. Maznevski, M. & Chudoba, K. (2000). Bridging space over time: Global virtual team dynamics and effectiveness. Organization Science, 11, 473-492.
161. McEvily, B. & Zaheer, A. (1999). Bridging ties: A source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 20, 1133-1156.
162. McGrath, R. G. (1999). Falling forward: Real option thinking and entrepreneurial failure. Academy of Management Review, 24, 13-30.
163. McGrath, R. G. (2001). Exploratory learning, innovative capacity, and management oversight. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 18-131.
164. McGrath, J. E. & Argote, L. (2001). Group processes in organizational contexts. In M. A. Hogg & R. S. Tindale (eds), Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology, Volume 3: Group Processes (pp. 603-627). Oxford: Blackwell.
165. Miller, N. & Dollard, J. (1941). Social Learning and Imitation. New Haven, NJ: Yale University Press.
166. Miner, A. S. & Anderson, P. (1999). Industry and population-level learning: Organizational, inter-organizational and collective learning processes. In A. S. Miner & P. Anderson (eds), Advances in Strategic Management: Population Level Learning and Industry Change (pp. 1-32). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
167. Miner, A. S. & Haunschild, P. R. (1995). Population-level learning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 17, 115-166.
168. Miner, A. S., Basoff, P. & Moorman, C. (2001). Organizational improvisation and learning. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 304-337.
169. Miner, A. S. & Mezias, S. J. (1996). Ugly duckling no more: Past and futures of organizational learning research. Organization Science, 7, 88-99.
170. Moorman, C. & Miner, A. S. (1997). The impact of organizational memory on new product performance and creativity. Journal of Marketing Research, 34, 91-106.
171. Moreland, R. L., Argote, L. & Krishan, R. (1996). Socially shared cognition at work: Transactive memory and group performance. In J. L. Nye and A. M. Bower (eds), What's Social about Social Cognition? (pp. 57-84). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
172. Morris, M. W. & Moore, P. C. (2000). The lessons we don't learn: Counterfactual thinking and organizational accountability after a close call. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(4), 737-766.
173. Mowery, D. C., Oxley, J. E. & Silverman, B. (1996). Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 77-91.
174. Murnighan, J. K. & Conlon, D. E. (1991). The dynamics of intense work groups: A study of British string quartets. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 165-186.
175. Nadler, J., Thompson, L. & van Boven, L. (2003). Learning negotiation skills: Four models of knowledge creation and transfer. Management Science, 49, 529-540
176. Narduzzo, A., Rocco, E. & Waglien, M. (2000). Talking about routines in the field. In G. Dosi, R. R. Nelson & S. G. Winter (eds), The Nature and Dynamics of Organizational Capabilities (pp. 27-51). New York: Oxford University Press.
177. Nemeth, C. J. (1992). Minority dissent as a stimulant to group performance. In S. Worchel, W. Wood & J. A. Simpson (eds), Group Process and Productivity (pp. 95-111). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
178. Nelson, R. R. & Winter, S. G. (1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Boston: Belkman Press.
179. Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company. New York: Oxford University Press.
180. Ocasio, W. (1997). Towards an attention-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 18 (Summer Special Issue), 187-206.
181. Olivera, F. & Argote, L. (1999). Organizational learning and new product development: CORE processes. In L. Thompson, D. M. Messick & J. M. Levine (eds), Shared Knowledge in Organizations. Lawrence Erlbaum.
182. Orr, J. (1996). Talking about Machines: An Ethnography of a Modern Job. Ithaca, New York: ILR Press.
183. Osterloh, M. & Frey, B. S. (2000). Motivation, knowledge transfer, and organizational forms. Organization Science, 11, 538-550.
184. Paulus, P. B. & Dzindolet, M. T. (1993). Social influence processes in group brainstorming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 575-586.
185. Pelled, L. H., Eisenhardt, K. M. & Xin, K. R. (1999). Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 1-28.
186. Pettigrew, A. (1992). On studying managerial elites. Strategic Management Journal, 13, 163-182.
187. Philips,D. J. (2002). A genealogical approach to organizational life change: The parentprogeny transfer among Silicon Valley law firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 474-506.
188. Philips, K. W. (2003). The effect of categorically based expectations on minority influence: The importance of congruence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 3-13.
189. Pisano, G. P. (1994). Knowledge, integration, and the locus of learning: An empirical analysis of process development. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 85-100.
190. Pisano,G. P., Bohmer, M. J. & Edmondson, A. C. (2001). Organizational differences in rates of learning: Evidence from the adoption of minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Management Science, 47, 752-768.
191. Porac, J. F., Thomas, H. & Baden-Fuller, C. (1989). Competitive groups as cognitive communities: The case of Scottish knitwear manufacturers. Journal of Management Studies, 26, 397-416.
192. Porac, J. F., Thomas, H., Wilson, F., Paton, D. & Kanfer, A. (1995). Rivalry and the industry model of Scottish knitwear producers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 203-227.
193. Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W. & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 116-145.
194. Quinones, M., Ford, J. & Teachout, M. (1995). The relationship between work experience and job performance: A conceptual and meta-analytic review. Personnel Psychology, 48, 887-910.
195. Rao, R. D. & Argote, L. (2006). Organizational learning and forgetting: The effects of turnover and structure. European Management Review, 3, 77-85.
196. Reagans, R. (2005). Preference, identity, and competition: Predicting tie strength from demographic data. Management Science, 51, 1379-1383.
197. Reagans, R. & McEvily, B. (2003). Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 240-267.
198. Reagans, R., Argote, L. & Brooks, D. (2005). Individual experience and experience working together: Predicting learning rates from knowing what to do and knowing who knows what. Management Science, 51, 869-881.
199. Reagans, R., Zuckerman, E. W. & McEvily, B. (2004). How to make the team: Social networks vs. demography as criteria for designing effective projects in a contractR&D firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49, 101-133.
200. Reger, R. K. & Palmer, T. B. (1996). Managerial categorization of competitors: Using old maps to navigate new environments. Organization Science, 7, 22-39.
201. Repenning, N. P. & Sterman, J. D. (2002). Capability traps and self-confirming attribution errors in the dynamics of process improvement. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 265-295.
202. Rulke, D. L. & Galaskiewicz, J. (2000). Distribution of knowledge, group network structure, and group performance, Management Science, 46, 612-625.
203. Rulke, D. L., Zaheer, S. & Anderson, M. (2000). Sources of managers' knowledge of organizational capabilities. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82, 134-149.
204. Salas, E. & Cannon-Bowers, J. A. (2001). The science of training: A decade of progress. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 471-499.
205. Sanchez, R. & Mahoney, J. T. (1996). Modularity, flexibility, and knowledge management in product and organization design, Strategic Management Journal, 17, Winter Special Issue, 63-76.
206. Schilling, M. A., Vidal, P., Ployhart, R. & Marangoni, A. (2003). Learning by doing something else: Variation, relatedness, and organizational learning. Management Science, 49, 39-56.
207. Schank, R. (1986). Explanation Patterns: Understanding Mechanically and Creatively. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
208. Schulz, M. (2002). Organizational learning. In J. A. C. Baum (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations (pp. 415-441). Oxford, England: Blackwell Business.
209. Schumpeter, J. (1939). Business Cycles. McGraw-Hill: New York.
210. Shan,W.,Walker, G. & Kogut, B. (1994). Interfirmcooperation and startup innovation in the biotechnology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 387-394.
211. Shiffrin, R. M. & Schneider, M. W. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
212. Sinclair, G., Klepper, S. & Cohen, W. (2000). What's experience got to do with it? Sources of cost reduction in a large specialty chemical producer. Management Science, 46, 28-45.
213. Sidhu, J. S., Commandeur, H. R. & Volberda, H. W. (2007). The multifaceted nature of exploration and exploitation: Value of supply, demand and spatial search for innovation. Organization Science.
214. Sine,W., Shane, S. &Di Gregorio,D. (2003). The halo effect and university technology licensing. Management Science, 49, 478-497.
215. Sitkin, S. B. (1992). Learning through failure: The strategy of small losses. Research in Organizational Behavior, 14, 231-266.
216. Song, J., Almeida, P. & Wu, G. (2003). Learning-by-hiring: When is mobility more likely to facilitate interfirm knowledge transfer? Management Science, 49, 351-365.
217. Sorensen, O. (2003). Interdependence and adaptability: Organizational learning and the long-term effect of integration. Management Science, 49, 446-463.
218. Spender, J. C. & Grant, R. M. (1996). Knowledge and the firm: Overview. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 5-10.
219. Stasser, G. & Stewart, D. D. (1992). The discovery of hidden profiles by decision making groups: Solving a problem versus making a judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 426-434.
220. Staw, B. M., Sandelands, L. E. & Dutton, J. E. (1981). Threat-rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multi-level analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26, 501-524.
221. Stewart, D. D. & Stasser, G. (1995). Expert role assignment and information sampling during collective recall and decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 619-628.
222. Szulanski, G. (1996). Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practices within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 27-43.
223. Szulanski, G. & Winter, S. (2002). Getting it right the second time. Harvard Business Review, 80, 62-69.
224. Tannenbaum, S. I. & Yukl,G. (1992). Training and development in work organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 43, 399-441.
225. Tesluk, P. & Jacobs, R. (1998). Toward an integrated model of work experience. Personnel Psychology, 51, 321-355.
226. Thomas-Hunt, M., Ogden, T. & Neale, M. (2003). Who's really sharing: Effects of social and expert status on knowledge exchange within groups. Management Science, 49, 464-477.
227. Thompson, M. (2005). Structural and epistemic parameters in communities of practice. Organization Science, 16, 151-166.
228. Thompson, L., Gentner & Lowenstein, J. (2000). Avoiding missed opportunities in managerial life: Analogical training more powerful than individual case training. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82, 60-75.
229. The TriStar's trail of red ink (1980, July 28). Business Week, 88-90.
230. Townsend, A., DeMarie, S. & Hendrickson, A. (1998). Virtual teams: Technology and workplace of the future. Academy of Management Executive, 12, 17-29.
231. Tripsas, M. & Gavetti, G. (2000). Capabilities, cognition, and inertia: Evidence from digital imaging. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 1147-1161.
232. Tushman, M. L. & Benner, M. J. (2002). Process management and technological innovation: a longitudinal study of the photography and paint industries. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 676-709.
233. Tushman, M. L. & O'Reilly, C. (1996). Ambidextrous organizations: Managing evolutionary and revolutionary change. California Management Review, 38, 8-30.
234. Uzzi, B. (1996). Sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations. American Sociological Review, 61, 674-698.
235. Uzzi, B. & Lancaster, R. (2003). Relational embeddedness and learning: The case of bank loan managers and their clients. Management Science, 49, 383-399.
236. Van den Bosch, F. A. J., Volberda, H. W. & De Boer, M. (1999). Coevolution of absorptive capacity and knowledge environment: Organizational forms and combinative capabilities. Organization Science, 10, 551-568.
237. Vera, D. & Crossan, M. (2005). Improvisation and innovative performance in teams. Organization Science, 16, 203-224.
238. Virany, B., Tushman, M. L. & Romanelli, E. (1992). Executive succession and organization outcomes in turbulent environments: An organizational learning approach. Organization Science, 3, 72-91.
239. von Hippel, E. (1988). The Sources of Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.
240. Walsh, J. P. & Ungson, G. R. (1991). Organizational memory. Academy of Management Review, 16, 57-91.
241. Watson, W. E., Kumar, K. & Michaelson, L. K. (1993). Cultural diversity's impact on interaction process and performance: Comparing homogeneous and diverse task groups. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 590-602.
242. Weber, R. A. & Camerer, C. (2003). Cultural conflict and merger failure: An experimental approach. Management Science, 49, 400-415.
243. Wegner, D. M. (1986). Transactive memory: A contemporary analysis of the group mind. In B. Mullen & G. R. Goethals (eds), Theories of Group Behavior (pp. 185-205). New York: Springer-Verlag.
244. Weick, K. E. & Roberts, K. H. (1993). Collective mind in organizations: Heedful interrelating on flight decks. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 357-381.
245. Weick, K. E. & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2006). Mindfulness and the quality of organizational attention. Organization Science, 17, 514-524.
246. Williams, K. Y. & O'Reilly, C. A. (1998). Demography and diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research. Research in Organizational Behavior, 20, 77-140.
247. Winter, S. G. & Szulanski, G. (2001). Replication as strategy. Organization Science, 12, 730-743.
248. Wittenbaum, G. M. (1996). Information sampling in mixed-sex decision-making groups: The impact of diffuse status and task-relevant cues. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Miami University, Oxford, OH.
249. Wong, S. S. (2004). Distal and local group learning: Performance trade-offs and tensions. Organization Science, 15, 645-656.
250. Zander, U. & Kogut, B. (1995). Knowledge and the speed of transfer and imitation of organizational capabilities: An empirical test. Organization Science, 6, 76-95.
251. Zellmer-Bruhn, M. E. (2003). Interruptive events and team knowledge acquisition. Management Science, 49, 514-529.