Science as a map in technological search

Strategic Management Journal

Volumn 25, Issue 8-9, 2004, Pages 909-928

  Fleming, Lee ^a   Sorenson, Olav ^b  

^a HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Coupling; Invention; Recombinant search; Science

Indexed keywords

ACCELERATION; COSTS; DATA REDUCTION; FEEDBACK; PATENTS AND INVENTIONS; PROCESS ENGINEERING; STRATEGIC PLANNING; TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING;

COUPLING; ECONOMIC GROWTH; INVENTION; RECOMBINANT SEARCH; SCIENCE;

ENGINEERING RESEARCH;

EID: 4043060140     PISSN: 01432095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/smj.384     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Adams J. 1990. Fundamental stocks of knowledge and productivity growth. Journal of Political Economy 98: 673-702.
2. Ahuja G, Lampert J. 2001. Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: a longitudinal study of how established firms create breakthrough inventions. Strategic Management Journal, Special Issue 22(6-7): 521-543.
3. Albert M, Avery D, Narin F, McAllister P. 1991. Direct validation of citation counts as indicators of industrially important patents. Research Policy 20: 251-259.
4. Allen T. 1977. Managing the Flow of Technology. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.
5. Athey S, Stern S. 1998. An empirical framework for testing theories about complementarity in organizational design. Working paper #6600, National Bureau of Economic Research.
6. Audia P, Sorenson O. 2001. Aspirations, performance and organizational change: a multi-level analysis. Working paper, London Business School.
7. Baldwin C, Clark K. 2000. Design Rules: The Power of Modularity. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.
8. Basalla G. 1988. The Evolution of Technology. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K.
9. Cameron A, Trivedi P. 1998. Regression Analysis of Count Data. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K.
10. Campbell A. 2001. Superconductivity: how could we miss it? Science 292: 65-66.
11. Carlson D. 2001. Personal interview, June 5: Cary, NC.
12. Cockburn I, Henderson R, Stern S. 2000. Untangling the origins of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, Special Issue 21(10-11): 1123-1145.
13. Cyert R, March J. 1963. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
14. Dresselhaus M. 2001. Burn and interrogate. Science 292: 650-651.
15. Drews J. 2000. Drug discovery: a historical perspective. Science 287: 1960-1964.
16. Fleming L. 2001. Recombinant uncertainty in technological search. Management Science 47: 117-132.
17. Fleming L. 2002. Finding the organizational sources of technological breakthroughs: the story of Hewlett Packard's thermal inkjet. Industrial and Corporate Change 11: 1059-1084.
18. Fleming L, Sorenson O. 2001. Technology as a complex adaptive system: evidence from patent data. Research Policy 30: 1019-1039.
19. Gambardella A. 1995. Science and Innovation: The U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry During the 1980s. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K.
20. Gavetti G, Levinthal D. 2000. Looking forward and looking backward: cognitive and experiential search. Administrative Science Quarterly 45: 113-137.
21. Gibbons M, Johnston R. 1974. The roles of science in technological innovation. Research Policy 3: 220-242.
22. Gilfillan S. 1935. Inventing the Ship. Follett: Chicago, IL.
23. Haberman S. 1977. Log-linear model and frequency tables with small expected cell counts. Annals of Statistics 5: 1148-1165.
24. Hall B, Jaffe A, Trajtenberg M. 2000. Market value and patent citations: a first look. NBER working paper 7741.
25. Hansen MT, Lovas B. 2004. How do multinational companies leverage technological competancies? Moving from single to interdependent explanations. Strategic Management Journal, Special Issue 25(8-9): 801-822.
26. Harhoff D, Narin F, Scherer FM, Vopel K. 1999. Citation frequency and the value of patented inventions. Review of Economics and Statistics 81: 511-515.
27. Hausman J, Hall B, Griliches Z. 1984. Econometric models for count data with an application to the patents-R&D relationship. Econometrica 52: 909-938.
28. Henderson R, Clark K. 1990. Architectural innovations: the reconfiguration of existing product technologies and failure of established firms. Administrative Science Quarterly 35: 9-30.
29. Henderson R, Cockburn I. 1994. Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in drug discovery. Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue 15: 63-84.
30. Henderson R, Jaffe A, Trajtenberg A. 1998. Universities as a source of commercial technology: a detailed analysis of university patenting, 1965-1988. Review of Economics and Statistics 80: 119-127.
31. Jaffe A. 1989. Real effects of academic research. American Economic Review 79: 957-970.
32. Jaffe A, Trajtenberg M. 1996. Flows of knowledge from universities and federal labs: modeling the flow of patent citations over time and across institutional and geographic boundaries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93: 12671-12677.
33. Jaffe A, Trajtenberg M, Henderson R. 1993. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. Quarterly Journal of Economics 108: 577-598.
34. Katila R. 2002. New product search over time: past ideas in their prime. Academy of Management Journal 45: 995-1010.
35. Kauffman S. 1993. The Origins of Order. Oxford University Press: New York.
36. King G. 1989. Event count models for international relations: generalizations and applications. International Studies Quarterly 33: 123-147.
37. Klepper S. 1996. Entry, exit, and innovation over the product life-cycle. American Economic Review 86: 562-583.
38. Kramer P. 1997. Listening to Prozac. Penguin: New York.
39. Levin R, Klevorick A, Nelson R, Winter S. 1987. Appropriating the returns from industrial research and development: comments and discussion. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 3: 783-831.
40. Levinthal D. 1997. Adaptation on rugged landscapes. Management Science 43: 934-950.
41. Lippman S, McCall J. 1976. The economics of job search: a survey. Economic Inquiry 14: 155-189.
42. Mansfield E. 1972. Contribution of R&D to economic growth in the United States. Science 175: 477-486.
43. Mansfield E. 1995. Academic research underlying industrial innovations: sources, characteristics and financing. Review of Economics and Statistics 77: 55-65.
44. March J. 1991. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science 2: 71-87.
45. March J, Simon H. 1958. Organizations. Blackwell: Cambridge, MA.
46. Martin X, Mitchell W. 1998. The influence of local search and performance heuristics on new design introduction in a new product market. Research Policy 26: 753-771.
47. McCluskey E. 1986. Logic Design Principles with Emphasis on Testable Semi-custom Circuits. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
48. Meyer M. 2000. Does science push technology? Patents citing scientific literature. Research Policy 29: 409-434.
49. Milgrom P, Roberts J. 1990. The economics of modern manufacturing: technology, strategy and organization. American Economic Review 80: 511-528.
50. Millman J. 1979. Microelectronics. McGraw-Hill: New York.
51. Mowery D, Shane S, 2002. Introduction to the special issue on university entrepreneurship and technology transfer. Management Science 48: v-ix.
52. Narin F, Hamilton K, Olivastro D. 1997. The increasing linkage between U.S. technology and public science. Research Policy 26: 317-330.
53. Nelson R. 1982. The role of knowledge in R&D efficiency. Quarterly Journal of Economics 97: 453-470.
54. Nelson R, Winter S. 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Belknap: Cambridge, MA.
55. Ouyang M, Huang J, Cheung C, Lieber C. 2001. Energy gaps in 'metallic' single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science 292: 702-705.
56. Perko J, Narin F. 1997. The transfer of public science to patented technology: a case study in agricultural science. Journal of Technology Transfer 22: 65-72.
57. Podolny JM, Stuart TE. 1995. A role-based ecology of technological change. American Journal of Sociology 100: 1224-1260.
58. Rivkin J. 2000. Imitation of complex strategies. Management Science 46: 824-844.
59. Rosenberg N. 1974. Science, invention, and economic growth. Economic Journal 84: 90-108.
60. Schmoch U. 1993. Tracing the knowledge transfer from science to technology as reflected in patent indicators. Scientometrics 26: 193-211.
61. Schumpeter J. 1939. Business Cycles. McGraw-Hill: New York.
62. Smith J, Hounshell D. 1985. Wallace H. Carothers and fundamental research at DuPont. Science 229: 436-442.
63. Sørensen J, Stuart T. 2000. Aging, obsolescence and organizational innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 45: 81-112.
64. Sorenson O. 2002. Interorganizational complexity and computation. In Companion to Organizations, Baum JAC (ed). Blackwell: Oxford; 664-685.
65. Stephan P. 1996. The economics of science. Journal of Economic Literature 34: 1199-1235.
66. Stix G. 2001. Project Skyhook: a 'smart' material that transforms from a liquid to a solid state on cue is beginning to show up in prosethetics, automobiles, and other applications. Scientific American May: 28-29.
67. Stuart T, Podolny J. 1996. Local search and the evolution of technological capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, Summer Special Issue 17: 21-38.
68. Sveikauskas L. 1981. Technological inputs and multi-factor productivity growth. Review of Economics and Statistics 63: 275-282.
69. Tijssen R. 2001. Global and domestic utilization of industrial relevant science: patent citation analysis of science-technology interactions and knowledge flows. Research Policy 30: 35-54.
70. Trajtenberg M. 1990. A penny for your quotes: patent citations and the value of innovations. Rand Journal of Economics 21: 172-187.
71. Tratjenberg M, Henderson R, Jaffe A. 1997. University versus corporate patents: a window on the basicness of invention. Economic Innovation and New Technology 5: 19-50.
72. Ulrich K. 1995. The role of product architecture in the manufacturing firm. Research Policy 24: 419-440.
73. Usher A. 1954. A History of Mechanical Invention. Dover: Cambridge, MA.
74. Vincenti W. 1990. What Engineers Know, and How They Know It. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, MD.
75. Weinberger E. 1991. Local properties of Kauffman's N-K model: a tunably rugged energy landscape. Physical Review A 44: 6399-6413.
76. Weitzman M. 1996. Hybridizing growth theory. American Economics Review 86: 207-212.
77. Wright S. 1932. The roles of mutations, inbreeding, crossbreeding and selection in evolution. Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Genetics 1: 356-366.
78. Zucker L, Darby M. 1996. Star scientists and institutional transformation: patterns of invention and innovation in the formation of the biotechnology industry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93: 709-716.
79. Zucker L, Darby M, Brewer M. 1998. Intellectual human capital and the birth of U.S. biotechnology enterprises. American Economic Review 88: 290-306.