메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 133, Issue , 2015, Pages 201-222

Evolution and current state of our understanding of the role played in the climate system by land surface processes in semi-arid regions

Author keywords

Catastrophic shifts; Convection; Land surface processes; Land atmosphere interaction; Mineral dust; Patch dynamics; Plant water relationships; Sahel; Self organization; Semi arid regions; Soil moisture; Surface hydrological processes

Indexed keywords

ARID REGIONS; BALLOONS; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATOLOGY; FEEDBACK; GROUNDWATER; HEAT CONVECTION; SOIL MOISTURE; SURFACE MEASUREMENT; VEGETATION;

EID: 84941116600     PISSN: 09218181     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.08.010     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (22)

References (304)
  • 1
    • 48449089170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of West African monsoon using REgCM3 Part II: impacts of deforestation and desertification
    • Abiodun B.J., Pal J.S., Afiesimama E.A., Gutowski W.J., Adedoyin A. Simulation of West African monsoon using REgCM3 Part II: impacts of deforestation and desertification. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2008, 93:245-261.
    • (2008) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.93 , pp. 245-261
    • Abiodun, B.J.1    Pal, J.S.2    Afiesimama, E.A.3    Gutowski, W.J.4    Adedoyin, A.5
  • 2
    • 79953774668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiation of deep convection caused by land-surface inhomogeneities in West Africa: a modeled case study
    • Adler B., Kaithoff N., Gantner L. Initiation of deep convection caused by land-surface inhomogeneities in West Africa: a modeled case study. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 2011, 112:15-27.
    • (2011) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , vol.112 , pp. 15-27
    • Adler, B.1    Kaithoff, N.2    Gantner, L.3
  • 3
    • 79957956350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of soil moisture inhomogeneities on the modification of a mesoscale convective system: an idealized model study
    • Adler B., Kaithoff N., Gantner L. The impact of soil moisture inhomogeneities on the modification of a mesoscale convective system: an idealized model study. Atmos. Res. 2011, 101:354-372.
    • (2011) Atmos. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 354-372
    • Adler, B.1    Kaithoff, N.2    Gantner, L.3
  • 4
    • 58049098444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the soil moisture feedback on convective and stratiform precipitation
    • Alfieri L., Claps P., d'Odorico P., Laio F., Over T.M. An analysis of the soil moisture feedback on convective and stratiform precipitation. J. Hydrometeorol. 2008, 9:280-291.
    • (2008) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.9 , pp. 280-291
    • Alfieri, L.1    Claps, P.2    d'Odorico, P.3    Laio, F.4    Over, T.M.5
  • 5
    • 84874298639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palynological evidence for gradual vegetation and climate changes during the African Humid Period termination at 13 degrees N from a Mega-Lake Chad sedimentary sequence
    • Amaral P.G.C., Vincens A., Guiot J., et al. Palynological evidence for gradual vegetation and climate changes during the African Humid Period termination at 13 degrees N from a Mega-Lake Chad sedimentary sequence. Clim. Past 2013, 9:223-241.
    • (2013) Clim. Past , vol.9 , pp. 223-241
    • Amaral, P.G.C.1    Vincens, A.2    Guiot, J.3
  • 6
    • 0021640671 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of convective precipitation by mesoscale variations in vegetative covering in semiarid regions
    • Anthes R. Enhancement of convective precipitation by mesoscale variations in vegetative covering in semiarid regions. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 1984, 23:541-554.
    • (1984) J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.23 , pp. 541-554
    • Anthes, R.1
  • 7
    • 45749149552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating water table dynamics in climate modeling: 3. Simulated groundwater influence on coupled land-atmosphere variability
    • Anyah R.O., Weaver C.P., Miguez-Macho G., Fan Y., Robock A. Incorporating water table dynamics in climate modeling: 3. Simulated groundwater influence on coupled land-atmosphere variability. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2008, 113:D07103.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.113 , pp. D07103
    • Anyah, R.O.1    Weaver, C.P.2    Miguez-Macho, G.3    Fan, Y.4    Robock, A.5
  • 8
    • 0035072285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satellite-derived surface radiation bud get over the African continent: part II: climatologies of the various components
    • Ba M.B., Nicholson S.E., Frouin R. Satellite-derived surface radiation bud get over the African continent: part II: climatologies of the various components. J. Clim. 2001, 14:60-76.
    • (2001) J. Clim. , vol.14 , pp. 60-76
    • Ba, M.B.1    Nicholson, S.E.2    Frouin, R.3
  • 9
    • 33645863150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-organized vegetation patterning as a fingerprint of climate and human impact on semi-arid ecosystems
    • Barbier N., Couteron P., Lejoly J., Deblauwe V., Lejeune O. Self-organized vegetation patterning as a fingerprint of climate and human impact on semi-arid ecosystems. J. Ecol. 2006, 94:537-547.
    • (2006) J. Ecol. , vol.94 , pp. 537-547
    • Barbier, N.1    Couteron, P.2    Lejoly, J.3    Deblauwe, V.4    Lejeune, O.5
  • 10
    • 84897577365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the global oceans and land-atmosphere interaction on summertime interdecadal variability over northern Argentina
    • Barreiro M., Diaz N., Renom M. Role of the global oceans and land-atmosphere interaction on summertime interdecadal variability over northern Argentina. Clim. Dyn. 2014, 42:1733-1753.
    • (2014) Clim. Dyn. , vol.42 , pp. 1733-1753
    • Barreiro, M.1    Diaz, N.2    Renom, M.3
  • 11
    • 84855832524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical sensitivity study on the impact of soil moisture on convection-related parameters and convective precipitation over complex terrain
    • Barthlott C., Kalthoff N. A numerical sensitivity study on the impact of soil moisture on convection-related parameters and convective precipitation over complex terrain. J. Atmos. Sci. 2011, 68:2971-2987.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 2971-2987
    • Barthlott, C.1    Kalthoff, N.2
  • 12
    • 80051675808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture impacts on convective indices and precipitation over complex terrain
    • Barthlott C., Hauck C., Schadler G., Kalthoff N., Kottmeier C. Soil moisture impacts on convective indices and precipitation over complex terrain. Meteorol. Z. 2011, 20:185-197.
    • (2011) Meteorol. Z. , vol.20 , pp. 185-197
    • Barthlott, C.1    Hauck, C.2    Schadler, G.3    Kalthoff, N.4    Kottmeier, C.5
  • 13
    • 84860343968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of climate variability for the detection of multiple equilibria and for rapid transition in the atmosphere-vegetation system
    • Bathiany S., Claussen M., Fraedrich K. Implications of climate variability for the detection of multiple equilibria and for rapid transition in the atmosphere-vegetation system. Clim. Dyn. 2012, 38:1775-1790.
    • (2012) Clim. Dyn. , vol.38 , pp. 1775-1790
    • Bathiany, S.1    Claussen, M.2    Fraedrich, K.3
  • 14
    • 59649101107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions in water-limited ecosystems
    • Baudena M., d'Andrea F., Provenzale A. A model for soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions in water-limited ecosystems. Water Resour. Res. 2008, 44:W12429.
    • (2008) Water Resour. Res. , vol.44 , pp. W12429
    • Baudena, M.1    d'Andrea, F.2    Provenzale, A.3
  • 15
    • 84916206430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of soil moisture-atmosphere interactions on surface temperature distribution
    • Berg A., Lintner B.R., Findell K.L., et al. Impact of soil moisture-atmosphere interactions on surface temperature distribution. J. Clim. 2014, 27:7976-7993.
    • (2014) J. Clim. , vol.27 , pp. 7976-7993
    • Berg, A.1    Lintner, B.R.2    Findell, K.L.3
  • 16
    • 0030449209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The land surface-atmosphere interaction: a review based on observational and global modeling perspectives
    • Betts A.K., Ball J.H., Beljaars A.C.M., Miller A.J., Viterbo P.A. The land surface-atmosphere interaction: a review based on observational and global modeling perspectives. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 1996, 101:7209-7268.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.101 , pp. 7209-7268
    • Betts, A.K.1    Ball, J.H.2    Beljaars, A.C.M.3    Miller, A.J.4    Viterbo, P.A.5
  • 17
    • 34548036253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Groundwater convergence as a possible mechanism for multi-year persistence in rainfall
    • Bierkens M.F.P., van den Hurk B.J.J.M. Groundwater convergence as a possible mechanism for multi-year persistence in rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L02402.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34 , pp. L02402
    • Bierkens, M.F.P.1    van den Hurk, B.J.J.M.2
  • 18
    • 84886234537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of soil moisture and convectively generated waves on the initiation of a West Africa mesoscale system
    • Birch C.E., Parker D.J., O'Leary A., et al. Impact of soil moisture and convectively generated waves on the initiation of a West Africa mesoscale system. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2013, 139:1712-1730.
    • (2013) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.139 , pp. 1712-1730
    • Birch, C.E.1    Parker, D.J.2    O'Leary, A.3
  • 19
    • 84864388794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An HWRF-based ensemble assessment of the land surface feedback on the post-landfall intensification of Tropical Storm Fay (2008)
    • Bozeman M.L., Niyogi D., Gopalakrishnan S., Marks F.D., Zhang X.J., Tallapragada V. An HWRF-based ensemble assessment of the land surface feedback on the post-landfall intensification of Tropical Storm Fay (2008). Nat. Hazards 2012, 63:1543-1571.
    • (2012) Nat. Hazards , vol.63 , pp. 1543-1571
    • Bozeman, M.L.1    Niyogi, D.2    Gopalakrishnan, S.3    Marks, F.D.4    Zhang, X.J.5    Tallapragada, V.6
  • 20
    • 77955533696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reevaluating the role of the Saharan Air Layer in Atlantic tropical cyclogenesis and evolution
    • Braun S.A. Reevaluating the role of the Saharan Air Layer in Atlantic tropical cyclogenesis and evolution. Mon. Weather Rev. 2010, 138:2007-2037.
    • (2010) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 2007-2037
    • Braun, S.A.1
  • 21
    • 0032878837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships between plant functional types and soil moisture heterogeneity for semiarid landscapes within the grassland/forest continuum: a unified conceptual model
    • Breshears D.D., Barnes F.J. Interrelationships between plant functional types and soil moisture heterogeneity for semiarid landscapes within the grassland/forest continuum: a unified conceptual model. Landsc. Ecol. 1999, 14:465-478.
    • (1999) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 465-478
    • Breshears, D.D.1    Barnes, F.J.2
  • 22
    • 0029662868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of feedback mechanisms in land-atmosphere interaction
    • Brubaker K.L., Entekhabi D. Analysis of feedback mechanisms in land-atmosphere interaction. Water Resour. Res. 1996, 32:1343-1357.
    • (1996) Water Resour. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 1343-1357
    • Brubaker, K.L.1    Entekhabi, D.2
  • 23
    • 0029749840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric recovery from wet versus dry soil moisture anomalies
    • Brubaker K.L., Entekhabi D. Asymmetric recovery from wet versus dry soil moisture anomalies. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1996, 35:94-109.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.35 , pp. 94-109
    • Brubaker, K.L.1    Entekhabi, D.2
  • 24
    • 0027833834 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of continental precipitation recycling
    • Brubaker K.L., Entekhabi D., Eagleson P.S. Estimation of continental precipitation recycling. J. Clim. 1993, 6:1077-1089.
    • (1993) J. Clim. , vol.6 , pp. 1077-1089
    • Brubaker, K.L.1    Entekhabi, D.2    Eagleson, P.S.3
  • 25
    • 30544436655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of land-surface precipitation feedback regimes with remote sensing
    • Brunsell N.A. Characterization of land-surface precipitation feedback regimes with remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ. 2006, 100:200-211.
    • (2006) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.100 , pp. 200-211
    • Brunsell, N.A.1
  • 26
    • 77953761295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-atmosphere interactions in an high resolution atmospheric simulation coupled with a surface data assimilation scheme
    • Campo L., Castelli F., Entekhabi D., Caparrini F. Land-atmosphere interactions in an high resolution atmospheric simulation coupled with a surface data assimilation scheme. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2009, 9:1613-1624.
    • (2009) Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 1613-1624
    • Campo, L.1    Castelli, F.2    Entekhabi, D.3    Caparrini, F.4
  • 27
    • 0001236419 scopus 로고
    • The large-scale movement of Saharan air outbreaks over the Northern Equatorial Atlantic
    • Carlson T.N., Prospero J.M. The large-scale movement of Saharan air outbreaks over the Northern Equatorial Atlantic. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1972, 11:283-297.
    • (1972) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.11 , pp. 283-297
    • Carlson, T.N.1    Prospero, J.M.2
  • 28
    • 79957619918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early warnings of regime shifts: a whole-ecosystem experiment
    • Carpenter S.R., Cole J.J., Pace M.L., et al. Early warnings of regime shifts: a whole-ecosystem experiment. Nature 2011, 332:1079-1082.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.332 , pp. 1079-1082
    • Carpenter, S.R.1    Cole, J.J.2    Pace, M.L.3
  • 29
    • 33748050467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the ecohydrology of structurally heterogeneous semiarid landscapes
    • Caylor K.K., d'Odorico P., Rodriguez-Iturbe I. On the ecohydrology of structurally heterogeneous semiarid landscapes. Water Resour. Res. 2006, 42:W07424.
    • (2006) Water Resour. Res. , vol.42 , pp. W07424
    • Caylor, K.K.1    d'Odorico, P.2    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.3
  • 30
    • 84981566015 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of deserts and droughts
    • Charney J.G. The dynamics of deserts and droughts. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1975, 101:193-202.
    • (1975) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.101 , pp. 193-202
    • Charney, J.G.1
  • 31
    • 0017538212 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of effects of albedo change on drought in semi-arid regions
    • Charney J., Quirk W.J., Chow S.H., Kornfield J. A comparative study of effects of albedo change on drought in semi-arid regions. J. Atmos. Sci. 1977, 34:1366-1385.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 1366-1385
    • Charney, J.1    Quirk, W.J.2    Chow, S.H.3    Kornfield, J.4
  • 32
    • 20544472157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of land-atmosphere interactions on the Benson, Minnesota, tornado of 11 June 2001
    • Cheresnick D.R., Basara J.B. The impact of land-atmosphere interactions on the Benson, Minnesota, tornado of 11 June 2001. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2005, 86:637-642.
    • (2005) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.86 , pp. 637-642
    • Cheresnick, D.R.1    Basara, J.B.2
  • 33
    • 84889655768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global distribution of mineral dust and its impacts on the climate system: a review
    • Choobari O., Alizadeh Z.-R., Sturman A. The global distribution of mineral dust and its impacts on the climate system: a review. Atmos. Res. 2014, 138:152-165.
    • (2014) Atmos. Res. , vol.138 , pp. 152-165
    • Choobari, O.1    Alizadeh, Z.-R.2    Sturman, A.3
  • 34
    • 4444237210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback between the land surface and rainfall at convective length scales
    • Clark D.B., Taylor C.M., Thorpe A.J. Feedback between the land surface and rainfall at convective length scales. J. Hydrometeorol. 2004, 5:625-639.
    • (2004) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.5 , pp. 625-639
    • Clark, D.B.1    Taylor, C.M.2    Thorpe, A.J.3
  • 35
    • 0031453082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the bio-geophysical feedback in the African and Indian monsoon region
    • Claussen M. Modeling the bio-geophysical feedback in the African and Indian monsoon region. Clim. Dyn. 1997, 13:247-257.
    • (1997) Clim. Dyn. , vol.13 , pp. 247-257
    • Claussen, M.1
  • 36
    • 84883639624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt shifts of the Sahara-Sahel boundary during Heinrich stadials
    • Collins J.A., Govin A., Mulitza S., et al. Abrupt shifts of the Sahara-Sahel boundary during Heinrich stadials. Clim. Past 2013, 9:1181-1191.
    • (2013) Clim. Past , vol.9 , pp. 1181-1191
    • Collins, J.A.1    Govin, A.2    Mulitza, S.3
  • 37
    • 84906673532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of soil moisture and vegetation on convective precipitation forecasts over the United States Great Plains
    • Collow T.W., Robock A., Wu W. Influences of soil moisture and vegetation on convective precipitation forecasts over the United States Great Plains. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2014, 119:9338-9358.
    • (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.119 , pp. 9338-9358
    • Collow, T.W.1    Robock, A.2    Wu, W.3
  • 38
    • 33845459556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative influence of soil moisture and SST in climate predictability explored within ensembles of AMIP type experiments
    • Conil S., Douville H., Tyteca S. The relative influence of soil moisture and SST in climate predictability explored within ensembles of AMIP type experiments. Clim. Dyn. 2007, 28:125-145.
    • (2007) Clim. Dyn. , vol.28 , pp. 125-145
    • Conil, S.1    Douville, H.2    Tyteca, S.3
  • 39
    • 57049157702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of realistic soil moisture initial conditions to boreal summer predictability
    • Conil S., Douville H., Tyteca S. Contribution of realistic soil moisture initial conditions to boreal summer predictability. Clim. Dyn. 2009, 32:75-93.
    • (2009) Clim. Dyn. , vol.32 , pp. 75-93
    • Conil, S.1    Douville, H.2    Tyteca, S.3
  • 40
    • 33749055946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture feedbacks to precipitation in southern Africa
    • Cook B.I., Bonan G.B., Levis S. Soil moisture feedbacks to precipitation in southern Africa. J. Clim. 2006, 19:4198-4206.
    • (2006) J. Clim. , vol.19 , pp. 4198-4206
    • Cook, B.I.1    Bonan, G.B.2    Levis, S.3
  • 41
    • 0021614153 scopus 로고
    • Surface albedo and the Sahel drought
    • Courel M.F., Kandel R.S., Rasool S.I. Surface albedo and the Sahel drought. Nature 1984, 307:528-531.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.307 , pp. 528-531
    • Courel, M.F.1    Kandel, R.S.2    Rasool, S.I.3
  • 42
    • 39849111510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On soil moisture vegetation feedbacks and their possible effects on the dynamics of dryland ecosystems
    • D'Odorico P., Caylor K., Okin G.S., Scanlon T.M. On soil moisture vegetation feedbacks and their possible effects on the dynamics of dryland ecosystems. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. 2007, 112:G04010.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. , vol.112 , pp. G04010
    • D'Odorico, P.1    Caylor, K.2    Okin, G.S.3    Scanlon, T.M.4
  • 43
    • 67449161292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A possible mechanism for soil moisture bimodality in humid-land environments
    • Daly E., Zinger Y., Deletic A., Fletcher T.D. A possible mechanism for soil moisture bimodality in humid-land environments. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L07402.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36 , pp. L07402
    • Daly, E.1    Zinger, Y.2    Deletic, A.3    Fletcher, T.D.4
  • 44
    • 0028979395 scopus 로고
    • Desertification in the semiarid karoo, South Africa - review and assessment
    • Dean W.R.J., Hoffman M.T., Meadows M.E., Milton S.J. Desertification in the semiarid karoo, South Africa - review and assessment. J. Arid Environ. 1995, 30:27-264.
    • (1995) J. Arid Environ. , vol.30 , pp. 27-264
    • Dean, W.R.J.1    Hoffman, M.T.2    Meadows, M.E.3    Milton, S.J.4
  • 45
    • 0000810975 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of ground-surface moisture-content for use in atmospheric prediction models
    • Deardorff J.W. Parameterization of ground-surface moisture-content for use in atmospheric prediction models. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1977, 16:1182-1185.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.16 , pp. 1182-1185
    • Deardorff, J.W.1
  • 46
    • 0000223791 scopus 로고
    • Efficient prediction of ground surface-temperature and moisture, with inclusion of a layer of vegetation
    • Deardorff J.W. Efficient prediction of ground surface-temperature and moisture, with inclusion of a layer of vegetation. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans. Atoms. 1978, 83:1889-1903.
    • (1978) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans. Atoms. , vol.83 , pp. 1889-1903
    • Deardorff, J.W.1
  • 47
    • 33947383385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling microscale vegetation-soil water and macroscale vegetation-precipitation feedbacks in semiarid ecosystems
    • Dekker S.C., Rietkerk M., Bierkens M.F.P. Coupling microscale vegetation-soil water and macroscale vegetation-precipitation feedbacks in semiarid ecosystems. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2007, 13:671-678.
    • (2007) Glob. Chang. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 671-678
    • Dekker, S.C.1    Rietkerk, M.2    Bierkens, M.F.P.3
  • 48
    • 77950969879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeophysical feed backs trigger shifts in the modeled vegetation-atmosphere system at multiple scales
    • Dekker S.C., de Boer H.J., Brovkin V., Fraedrich K., Wassen M.J., Rietkerk M. Biogeophysical feed backs trigger shifts in the modeled vegetation-atmosphere system at multiple scales. Biogeosciences 2010, 7:1-9.
    • (2010) Biogeosciences , vol.7 , pp. 1-9
    • Dekker, S.C.1    de Boer, H.J.2    Brovkin, V.3    Fraedrich, K.4    Wassen, M.J.5    Rietkerk, M.6
  • 49
    • 0033957744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt onset and termination of the African humid period. Rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing
    • deMenocal P., et al. Abrupt onset and termination of the African humid period. Rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2000, 19:347-361.
    • (2000) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.19 , pp. 347-361
    • deMenocal, P.1
  • 50
    • 0141976756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African dust aerosols as atmospheric ice nuclei
    • DeMott P.J., et al. African dust aerosols as atmospheric ice nuclei. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30:1732.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 1732
    • DeMott, P.J.1
  • 51
    • 0020568450 scopus 로고
    • Drought in the United States - some aspects of major dry and wet periods in the contiguous United States, 1895-1981
    • Diaz H.F. Drought in the United States - some aspects of major dry and wet periods in the contiguous United States, 1895-1981. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 1983, 22:3-16.
    • (1983) J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.22 , pp. 3-16
    • Diaz, H.F.1
  • 52
    • 0003712541 scopus 로고
    • Biosphere-atmosphere transfers scheme (BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate Model
    • National Center for Atmospheric Research
    • Dickinson R.E., Kennedy P.J., Henderson-Sellers A., Wilson M. Biosphere-atmosphere transfers scheme (BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate Model. Technical Report NCARE/TN-275+STR 1986, National Center for Atmospheric Research.
    • (1986) Technical Report NCARE/TN-275+STR
    • Dickinson, R.E.1    Kennedy, P.J.2    Henderson-Sellers, A.3    Wilson, M.4
  • 53
    • 80051954273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The terrestrial segment of soil moisture-climate coupling
    • Dirmeyer P.A. The terrestrial segment of soil moisture-climate coupling. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38:L16702.
    • (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.38 , pp. L16702
    • Dirmeyer, P.A.1
  • 54
    • 83455255732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A history and review of the Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP)
    • Dirmeyer P.A. A history and review of the Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP). J. Hydrometeorol. 2011, 12:729-749.
    • (2011) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.12 , pp. 729-749
    • Dirmeyer, P.A.1
  • 55
    • 33846270310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do global models properly represent the feedback between land and atmosphere?
    • Dirmeyer P.A., Koster R.D., Guo Z. Do global models properly represent the feedback between land and atmosphere?. J. Hydrometeorol. 2006, 7:1177-1198.
    • (2006) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.7 , pp. 1177-1198
    • Dirmeyer, P.A.1    Koster, R.D.2    Guo, Z.3
  • 56
    • 65349104073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation, recycling, and land memory: an integrated analysis
    • Dirmeyer P.A., Schlosser C.A., Brubaker K.L. Precipitation, recycling, and land memory: an integrated analysis. J. Hydrometeorol. 2009, 10:278-288.
    • (2009) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.10 , pp. 278-288
    • Dirmeyer, P.A.1    Schlosser, C.A.2    Brubaker, K.L.3
  • 57
    • 84864570167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for enhanced land-atmosphere feedback in a warming climate
    • Dirmeyer P.A., Cash B.A., Kinter J.L., et al. Evidence for enhanced land-atmosphere feedback in a warming climate. J. Hydrometeorol. 2012, 13:981-995.
    • (2012) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.13 , pp. 981-995
    • Dirmeyer, P.A.1    Cash, B.A.2    Kinter, J.L.3
  • 58
    • 84881489009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in land-atmosphere interactions from CMIP5 simulations
    • Dirmeyer P.A., Jin Y., Singh B., Yan X.Q. Trends in land-atmosphere interactions from CMIP5 simulations. J. Hydrometeorol. 2013, 14:829-849.
    • (2013) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.14 , pp. 829-849
    • Dirmeyer, P.A.1    Jin, Y.2    Singh, B.3    Yan, X.Q.4
  • 59
    • 84894470543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensified land surface control on boundary layer growth in a changing climate
    • Dirmeyer P.A., Wang Z.Y., Mbuh M.J., Norton H.E. Intensified land surface control on boundary layer growth in a changing climate. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2013, 41:1290-1294.
    • (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.41 , pp. 1290-1294
    • Dirmeyer, P.A.1    Wang, Z.Y.2    Mbuh, M.J.3    Norton, H.E.4
  • 60
    • 84894470543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensified land surface control on boundary layer growth in a changing climate
    • Dirmeyer P.A., Wang Z.Y., Mbuh M.J., Norton H.E. Intensified land surface control on boundary layer growth in a changing climate. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2014, 41:1290-1294.
    • (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.41 , pp. 1290-1294
    • Dirmeyer, P.A.1    Wang, Z.Y.2    Mbuh, M.J.3    Norton, H.E.4
  • 62
    • 2942635071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential states in soil moisture and climate dynamics
    • d'Odorico P., Porporato A. Preferential states in soil moisture and climate dynamics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101:884-8851.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.101 , pp. 884-8851
    • d'Odorico, P.1    Porporato, A.2
  • 63
    • 0343415082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space-time organization of mesoscale rainfall and soil moisture
    • d'Odorico P., Rodriguez-Iturbe I. Space-time organization of mesoscale rainfall and soil moisture. Adv. Water Resour. 2000, 23:349-357.
    • (2000) Adv. Water Resour. , vol.23 , pp. 349-357
    • d'Odorico, P.1    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.2
  • 64
    • 0033866674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential states of seasonal soil moisture: the impact of climate fluctuations
    • d'Odorico P., Ridolfi L., Porporato A., Rodriguez-Iturbe I. Preferential states of seasonal soil moisture: the impact of climate fluctuations. Water Resour. Res. 2000, 36:2209-2219.
    • (2000) Water Resour. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 2209-2219
    • d'Odorico, P.1    Ridolfi, L.2    Porporato, A.3    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.4
  • 66
    • 84901925705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty years since John Monteith's 1965 seminal paper: the emergence of global ecohydrology
    • Dolman A.J., Miralles D.G., de Jeu R.A.M. Fifty years since John Monteith's 1965 seminal paper: the emergence of global ecohydrology. Ecohydrology 2014, 7:897-902.
    • (2014) Ecohydrology , vol.7 , pp. 897-902
    • Dolman, A.J.1    Miralles, D.G.2    de Jeu, R.A.M.3
  • 67
    • 34247577180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture memory and West African monsoon predictability: artifact or reality?
    • Douville H., Conil S., Tyteca S., Voldoire A. Soil moisture memory and West African monsoon predictability: artifact or reality?. Clim. Dyn. 2007, 28:723-742.
    • (2007) Clim. Dyn. , vol.28 , pp. 723-742
    • Douville, H.1    Conil, S.2    Tyteca, S.3    Voldoire, A.4
  • 68
    • 3242743647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land surface influences on the west African summer monsoon: implications for synoptic disturbances
    • Druyan L., Fulakeza M., Lonergan P. Land surface influences on the west African summer monsoon: implications for synoptic disturbances. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 2004, 86:261-273.
    • (2004) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , vol.86 , pp. 261-273
    • Druyan, L.1    Fulakeza, M.2    Lonergan, P.3
  • 69
    • 2142705832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the Saharan air layer on tropical cyclone activity
    • Dunion J.P., Velden C.S. The impact of the Saharan air layer on tropical cyclone activity. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2004, 85:353+.
    • (2004) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.85
    • Dunion, J.P.1    Velden, C.S.2
  • 70
    • 48549099638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Groundwater influences on atmospheric dust generation in deserts
    • Elmore A.J., Kaste J.M., Okin G.S., Fantle M.S. Groundwater influences on atmospheric dust generation in deserts. J. Arid Environ. 2008, 72:1753-1765.
    • (2008) J. Arid Environ. , vol.72 , pp. 1753-1765
    • Elmore, A.J.1    Kaste, J.M.2    Okin, G.S.3    Fantle, M.S.4
  • 71
    • 0001553867 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in land-atmosphere interaction research
    • U. S. Natl. Rep. Int. Union Geod. Geophys. 1991-1994
    • Entekhabi D. Recent advances in land-atmosphere interaction research. Rev. Geophys. 1995, 995-1003.
    • (1995) Rev. Geophys. , pp. 995-1003
    • Entekhabi, D.1
  • 72
    • 0000367686 scopus 로고
    • Variability in large-scale water balance with land surface-atmosphere interaction
    • Entekhabi D., Rodriguez-Iturbe I., Bras R.L. Variability in large-scale water balance with land surface-atmosphere interaction. J. Clim. 1992, 5:798-813.
    • (1992) J. Clim. , vol.5 , pp. 798-813
    • Entekhabi, D.1    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.2    Bras, R.L.3
  • 73
    • 77952212845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The soil moisture active passive (SMAP) mission
    • Entekhabi D., Njoku E.G., O'Neill P.E., et al. The soil moisture active passive (SMAP) mission. Proc. IEEE 2011, 98:704-716.
    • (2011) Proc. IEEE , vol.98 , pp. 704-716
    • Entekhabi, D.1    Njoku, E.G.2    O'Neill, P.E.3
  • 74
    • 84907450700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the role of daytime land-atmosphere interactions on nocturnal convective activity in the southern Great Plains during CLASIC
    • Erlingis J.M., Barros A.P. A study of the role of daytime land-atmosphere interactions on nocturnal convective activity in the southern Great Plains during CLASIC. J. Hydrometeorol. 2014, 15:1932-1953.
    • (2014) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.15 , pp. 1932-1953
    • Erlingis, J.M.1    Barros, A.P.2
  • 75
    • 34047238454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence for a relationship between Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and African dust outbreaks
    • Evan A.T., Dunion J., Foley J.A., Heidinger A.K., Velden C.S. New evidence for a relationship between Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and African dust outbreaks. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L19813.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , pp. L19813
    • Evan, A.T.1    Dunion, J.2    Foley, J.A.3    Heidinger, A.K.4    Velden, C.S.5
  • 76
    • 45549095043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocean temperature forcing by aerosols across the Atlantic tropical cyclone development region
    • Q05V04
    • Evan A.T., Heidinger A.K., Bennartz R. Ocean temperature forcing by aerosols across the Atlantic tropical cyclone development region. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2008, 9:Q05V04.
    • (2008) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.9
    • Evan, A.T.1    Heidinger, A.K.2    Bennartz, R.3
  • 77
    • 84855803203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity in the overland reintensification of tropical cyclone Erin (2007) to near-surface soil moisture characteristics
    • Evans C., Schumacher R.S., Galarneau T.J. Sensitivity in the overland reintensification of tropical cyclone Erin (2007) to near-surface soil moisture characteristics. Mon. Weather Rev. 2011, 139:3848-3870.
    • (2011) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.139 , pp. 3848-3870
    • Evans, C.1    Schumacher, R.S.2    Galarneau, T.J.3
  • 78
    • 34547582020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating water table dynamics in climate modeling: 1. Water table observations and equilibrium water table simulations
    • Fan Y., Miguez-Macho G., Weaver C.P., Walko R., Robock A. Incorporating water table dynamics in climate modeling: 1. Water table observations and equilibrium water table simulations. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2007, 112:D10125.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.112 , pp. D10125
    • Fan, Y.1    Miguez-Macho, G.2    Weaver, C.P.3    Walko, R.4    Robock, A.5
  • 79
    • 83455231755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed land-atmosphere coupling from satellite remote sensing and reanalysis
    • Ferguson C.R., Wood E.F. Observed land-atmosphere coupling from satellite remote sensing and reanalysis. J. Hydrometeorol. 2011, 12:1221-1254.
    • (2011) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.12 , pp. 1221-1254
    • Ferguson, C.R.1    Wood, E.F.2
  • 80
    • 84864780268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global intercomparison of modeled and observed land-atmosphere coupling
    • Ferguson C.R., Wood E.F., Raghuveer K.V. A global intercomparison of modeled and observed land-atmosphere coupling. J. Hydrometeorol. 2012, 13:749-784.
    • (2012) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.13 , pp. 749-784
    • Ferguson, C.R.1    Wood, E.F.2    Raghuveer, K.V.3
  • 81
    • 0043094286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric controls on soil moisture-boundary layer interactions. Part I: framework development
    • Findell K.L., Eltahir E.A.B. Atmospheric controls on soil moisture-boundary layer interactions. Part I: framework development. J. Hydrometeorol. 2003, 4:552-569.
    • (2003) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.4 , pp. 552-569
    • Findell, K.L.1    Eltahir, E.A.B.2
  • 82
    • 79960012959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probability of afternoon precipitation in eastern United States and Mexico enhanced by high evaporation
    • Findell K.L., Gentine P., Lintner B.R., Kerr C. Probability of afternoon precipitation in eastern United States and Mexico enhanced by high evaporation. Nat. Geosci. 2011, 4:434-439.
    • (2011) Nat. Geosci. , vol.4 , pp. 434-439
    • Findell, K.L.1    Gentine, P.2    Lintner, B.R.3    Kerr, C.4
  • 83
    • 34249867038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture-atmosphere interactions during the 2003 European summer heat wave
    • Fischer E.M., Sereviratne S.I., Vidale P.L., Luthi D., Schaer C. Soil moisture-atmosphere interactions during the 2003 European summer heat wave. J. Clim. 2007, 20:5081-5099.
    • (2007) J. Clim. , vol.20 , pp. 5081-5099
    • Fischer, E.M.1    Sereviratne, S.I.2    Vidale, P.L.3    Luthi, D.4    Schaer, C.5
  • 84
    • 34249895945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of land-atmosphere coupling to recent European summer heat waves
    • Fischer E.M., Sereviratne S.I., Luthi D., Schaer C. Contribution of land-atmosphere coupling to recent European summer heat waves. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L06707.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34 , pp. L06707
    • Fischer, E.M.1    Sereviratne, S.I.2    Luthi, D.3    Schaer, C.4
  • 85
    • 84856273635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The West African monsoon onset in 2006: sensitivity to surface albedo, orography, SST and synoptic scale dry-air intrusions using WRF
    • Flaounas E., Janicot S., Bastin S., Roca R. The West African monsoon onset in 2006: sensitivity to surface albedo, orography, SST and synoptic scale dry-air intrusions using WRF. Clim. Dyn. 2012, 38:685-708.
    • (2012) Clim. Dyn. , vol.38 , pp. 685-708
    • Flaounas, E.1    Janicot, S.2    Bastin, S.3    Roca, R.4
  • 87
    • 84893846225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the background wind on the local soil moisture-precipitation feedback
    • Froidevaux P., Schlemmer L., Schmidli J., Langhans W., Schar C. Influence of the background wind on the local soil moisture-precipitation feedback. J. Atmos. Sci. 2014, 71:782-799.
    • (2014) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.71 , pp. 782-799
    • Froidevaux, P.1    Schlemmer, L.2    Schmidli, J.3    Langhans, W.4    Schar, C.5
  • 88
    • 77949411270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modeling case-study of soil moisture-atmosphere coupling
    • Gaertner M.A., Dominguez M., Garvert M. A modeling case-study of soil moisture-atmosphere coupling. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2010, 136:483-495.
    • (2010) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 483-495
    • Gaertner, M.A.1    Dominguez, M.2    Garvert, M.3
  • 89
    • 77949363947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of a modelled life cycle of a mesoscale convective system to soil conditions over West Africa
    • Gantner L., Kalthoff N. Sensitivity of a modelled life cycle of a mesoscale convective system to soil conditions over West Africa. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2010, 136:471-482.
    • (2010) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 471-482
    • Gantner, L.1    Kalthoff, N.2
  • 90
    • 77949363947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of a modeled life cycle of a mesoscale convective system to soil conditions over West Africa
    • Gantner L., Norbert K. Sensitivity of a modeled life cycle of a mesoscale convective system to soil conditions over West Africa. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2010, 136:471-482.
    • (2010) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 471-482
    • Gantner, L.1    Norbert, K.2
  • 91
    • 58049124171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of land surface simulations to the treatment of vegetation properties and the implications for seasonal climate prediction
    • Gao X., Dirmeyer P.A., Guo Z., Zhao M. Sensitivity of land surface simulations to the treatment of vegetation properties and the implications for seasonal climate prediction. J. Hydrometeorol. 2008, 9:348-366.
    • (2008) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.9 , pp. 348-366
    • Gao, X.1    Dirmeyer, P.A.2    Guo, Z.3    Zhao, M.4
  • 92
    • 57049095845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A climate model-based review of drought in the Sahel: desertification, the re-greening and climate change
    • Giannini A., Biasutti M., Verstraete M. A climate model-based review of drought in the Sahel: desertification, the re-greening and climate change. Glob. Planet. Chang. 2008, 64:119-128.
    • (2008) Glob. Planet. Chang. , vol.64 , pp. 119-128
    • Giannini, A.1    Biasutti, M.2    Verstraete, M.3
  • 93
    • 84907046547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential predictability of precipitation occurrence, intensity, and seasonal totals over the continental United States
    • Giannotti D.J.S., Anderson B.T., Salvucci G.D. The potential predictability of precipitation occurrence, intensity, and seasonal totals over the continental United States. J. Clim. 2014, 27:6904-6918.
    • (2014) J. Clim. , vol.27 , pp. 6904-6918
    • Giannotti, D.J.S.1    Anderson, B.T.2    Salvucci, G.D.3
  • 94
    • 34547696879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and spatial organization of plant communities in water-limited systems
    • Gilad E., Shachak M., Meron E. Dynamics and spatial organization of plant communities in water-limited systems. Theor. Popul. Biol. 2007, 72:214-230.
    • (2007) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.72 , pp. 214-230
    • Gilad, E.1    Shachak, M.2    Meron, E.3
  • 95
    • 84855362987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land surface impacts on subseasonal and seasonal predictability
    • Guo Z., Dirmeyer P.A., DelSole T. Land surface impacts on subseasonal and seasonal predictability. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38. Article L24812.
    • (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.38
    • Guo, Z.1    Dirmeyer, P.A.2    DelSole, T.3
  • 96
    • 84912992171 scopus 로고
    • A large-scale observational study of land-atmosphere interaction in the semi-rid tropics
    • Goutourbe J.P., et al. A large-scale observational study of land-atmosphere interaction in the semi-rid tropics. Ann. Geophys. 1994, 12:53-64.
    • (1994) Ann. Geophys. , vol.12 , pp. 53-64
    • Goutourbe, J.P.1
  • 97
    • 0030615677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of HAPEX-Sahel: a study in climate and desertification
    • Goutourbe J.P., et al. An overview of HAPEX-Sahel: a study in climate and desertification. J. Hydrol. 1997, 188-189:4-17.
    • (1997) J. Hydrol. , pp. 4-17
    • Goutourbe, J.P.1
  • 98
    • 84924372284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-surface controls on afternoon precipitation diagnosed from observational data: uncertainties and confounding factors
    • Guillod B.P., Orlowsky B., Miralles D., et al. Land-surface controls on afternoon precipitation diagnosed from observational data: uncertainties and confounding factors. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2014, 14:8343-8367.
    • (2014) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.14 , pp. 8343-8367
    • Guillod, B.P.1    Orlowsky, B.2    Miralles, D.3
  • 99
    • 84885937784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of land-atmosphere coupling strength
    • Guo Z., Dirmeyer P.A. Interannual variability of land-atmosphere coupling strength. J. Hydrometeorol. 2013, 14:1636-1646.
    • (2013) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.14 , pp. 1636-1646
    • Guo, Z.1    Dirmeyer, P.A.2
  • 100
    • 33745111142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLACE: the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment. Part II: analysis
    • Guo Z.C., et al. GLACE: the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment. Part II: analysis. J. Hydrometeorol. 2006, 7:611-625.
    • (2006) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.7 , pp. 611-625
    • Guo, Z.C.1
  • 102
    • 33750223850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecohydrology of root zone water fluxes and soil development in complex semiarid rangelands
    • Gutiérrez-Jurado H.A., Vivoni E.R., Harrison J.B.J., Guan H. Ecohydrology of root zone water fluxes and soil development in complex semiarid rangelands. Hydrol. Process. 2006, 20:3289-3316.
    • (2006) Hydrol. Process. , vol.20 , pp. 3289-3316
    • Gutiérrez-Jurado, H.A.1    Vivoni, E.R.2    Harrison, J.B.J.3    Guan, H.4
  • 103
    • 84894028978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of uncertainties in the response of the African monsoon precipitation to land use change simulated by a regional model
    • Hagos S., Leung L., Yongkang X., et al. Assessment of uncertainties in the response of the African monsoon precipitation to land use change simulated by a regional model. Clim. Dyn. 2014, 43:2765-2775.
    • (2014) Clim. Dyn. , vol.43 , pp. 2765-2775
    • Hagos, S.1    Leung, L.2    Yongkang, X.3
  • 104
    • 0029478449 scopus 로고
    • First International Satellite Land Surface Climate Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE)
    • Hall F.G., Sellers P.J. First International Satellite Land Surface Climate Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE). J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100:25383-25396.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 25383-25396
    • Hall, F.G.1    Sellers, P.J.2
  • 105
    • 79951908371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture variability and its influence on convective precipitation over complex terrain
    • Hauck C., Barthlott C., Krauss L., Kalthoff N. Soil moisture variability and its influence on convective precipitation over complex terrain. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2011, 137:42-56.
    • (2011) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 42-56
    • Hauck, C.1    Barthlott, C.2    Krauss, L.3    Kalthoff, N.4
  • 106
    • 70849097380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The soil moisture-precipitation feedback in simulations with explicit and parameterized convection
    • Hohenegger C., Brockhaus P., Bretherton C.S., Schaer C. The soil moisture-precipitation feedback in simulations with explicit and parameterized convection. J. Clim. 2009, 22:5003-5020.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 5003-5020
    • Hohenegger, C.1    Brockhaus, P.2    Bretherton, C.S.3    Schaer, C.4
  • 107
    • 84897665733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Global Precipitation Measurement Mission
    • Hou A.K., et al. The Global Precipitation Measurement Mission. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2014, 95:701-722.
    • (2014) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.95 , pp. 701-722
    • Hou, A.K.1
  • 108
    • 52049118119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the instability of the African easterly jet and the generation of African waves: reversals of the potential vorticity gradient
    • Hsieh J.-S., Cook K.H. On the instability of the African easterly jet and the generation of African waves: reversals of the potential vorticity gradient. J. Atmos. Sci. 2008, 65:2130-2151.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 2130-2151
    • Hsieh, J.-S.1    Cook, K.H.2
  • 109
    • 84879888291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of soil moisture heterogeneity length scale and gradients on daytime coupled land-cloudy boundary layer interactions
    • Huang H.Y., Margulis S.A. Impact of soil moisture heterogeneity length scale and gradients on daytime coupled land-cloudy boundary layer interactions. Hydrol. Process. 2013, 27:1988-2003.
    • (2013) Hydrol. Process. , vol.27 , pp. 1988-2003
    • Huang, H.Y.1    Margulis, S.A.2
  • 110
    • 67650272725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African aerosol and large-scale precipitation variability over West Africa
    • Huang J., Zhang C., Prospero J.M. African aerosol and large-scale precipitation variability over West Africa. Environ. Res. Lett. 2009, 4:015006.
    • (2009) Environ. Res. Lett. , vol.4 , pp. 15006
    • Huang, J.1    Zhang, C.2    Prospero, J.M.3
  • 111
    • 67650227165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale effect of aerosols on precipitation in the West African monsoon region
    • Huang J., Zhang C., Prospero J.M. Large-scale effect of aerosols on precipitation in the West African monsoon region. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2009, 135:581-594.
    • (2009) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.135 , pp. 581-594
    • Huang, J.1    Zhang, C.2    Prospero, J.M.3
  • 112
    • 70749090474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol-induced large-scale variability of precipitation over the tropical Atlantic
    • Huang J., Zhang C., Prospero J.M. Aerosol-induced large-scale variability of precipitation over the tropical Atlantic. J. Clim. 2009, 22:4970-4988.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 4970-4988
    • Huang, J.1    Zhang, C.2    Prospero, J.M.3
  • 115
    • 42949099812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microscale vegetation-soil feedback boosts hysteresis in a regional vegetation-climate system
    • Janssen R.H.H., Meinders M.B.J., van Nes E.H., Scheffer M. Microscale vegetation-soil feedback boosts hysteresis in a regional vegetation-climate system. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2008, 14:1104-1112.
    • (2008) Glob. Chang. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 1104-1112
    • Janssen, R.H.H.1    Meinders, M.B.J.2    van Nes, E.H.3    Scheffer, M.4
  • 117
    • 50849100748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saharan dust, lightning and tropical cyclones in the eastern tropical Atlantic during NAMMA-06
    • Jenkins G.S., Pratt A. Saharan dust, lightning and tropical cyclones in the eastern tropical Atlantic during NAMMA-06. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L12804.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35 , pp. L12804
    • Jenkins, G.S.1    Pratt, A.2
  • 118
    • 48249095995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible linkages between Saharan dust and tropical cyclone rain band invigoration in the eastern Atlantic during NAMMA-06
    • Jenkins G.S., Pratt A.S., Heymsfield A. Possible linkages between Saharan dust and tropical cyclone rain band invigoration in the eastern Atlantic during NAMMA-06. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L08815.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35 , pp. L08815
    • Jenkins, G.S.1    Pratt, A.S.2    Heymsfield, A.3
  • 119
    • 66149171053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of vegetation and groundwater dynamics on warm season precipitation over the Central United States
    • Jiang X.Y., Niu G.Y., Yang Z.L. Impacts of vegetation and groundwater dynamics on warm season precipitation over the Central United States. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2009, 114:D06109.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.114 , pp. D06109
    • Jiang, X.Y.1    Niu, G.Y.2    Yang, Z.L.3
  • 120
    • 0347948324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of easterly waves on African desert dust transport
    • Jones C., Mahowald N., Luo C. The role of easterly waves on African desert dust transport. J. Clim. 2003, 16:3617-3628.
    • (2003) J. Clim. , vol.16 , pp. 3617-3628
    • Jones, C.1    Mahowald, N.2    Luo, C.3
  • 121
    • 9744273109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence of African desert dust intensification of easterly waves
    • Jones C., Mahowald N., Luo C. Observational evidence of African desert dust intensification of easterly waves. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L17208.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31 , pp. L17208
    • Jones, C.1    Mahowald, N.2    Luo, C.3
  • 122
    • 38849179999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The environmental and inner-core conditions governing the intensity of Hurricane Erin (2001)
    • Jones T.A., Cecil D.J., Dunion J. The environmental and inner-core conditions governing the intensity of Hurricane Erin (2001). Weather Forecast. 2007, 22:708-725.
    • (2007) Weather Forecast. , vol.22 , pp. 708-725
    • Jones, T.A.1    Cecil, D.J.2    Dunion, J.3
  • 124
    • 0141564687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamical effects of land surface processes on summer precipitation over the southwestern United States
    • Kanamitsu M., Mo K.C. Dynamical effects of land surface processes on summer precipitation over the southwestern United States. J. Clim. 2003, 16:496-509.
    • (2003) J. Clim. , vol.16 , pp. 496-509
    • Kanamitsu, M.1    Mo, K.C.2
  • 125
    • 0020968307 scopus 로고
    • Some spatial characteristics of drought duration in the United States
    • Karl T.R. Some spatial characteristics of drought duration in the United States. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 1983, 22:1356-1366.
    • (1983) J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.22 , pp. 1356-1366
    • Karl, T.R.1
  • 126
    • 0001301317 scopus 로고
    • Drought termination and amelioration - its climatological probability
    • Karl T.R., Quinlan F., Ezell D.S. Drought termination and amelioration - its climatological probability. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 1987, 26:1198-1209.
    • (1987) J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.26 , pp. 1198-1209
    • Karl, T.R.1    Quinlan, F.2    Ezell, D.S.3
  • 127
    • 0024250630 scopus 로고
    • Analysis and numerical simulations of the Saharan air layer and its effect on easterly wave disturbances
    • Karyampudi V.M., Carlson T.N. Analysis and numerical simulations of the Saharan air layer and its effect on easterly wave disturbances. J. Atmos. Sci. 1988, 45:3102-3136.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 3102-3136
    • Karyampudi, V.M.1    Carlson, T.N.2
  • 128
    • 0036965533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synoptic-scale influence of the Saharan air layer on tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern Atlantic
    • Karyampudi V.M., Pierce H.F. Synoptic-scale influence of the Saharan air layer on tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern Atlantic. Mon. Weather Rev. 2002, 130:3100-3128.
    • (2002) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 3100-3128
    • Karyampudi, V.M.1    Pierce, H.F.2
  • 129
    • 0000822043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Saharan dust plume conceptual model using lidar, Meteosat, and ECMWF data
    • Karyampudi V.M., et al. Validation of the Saharan dust plume conceptual model using lidar, Meteosat, and ECMWF data. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1999, 80:1045-1075.
    • (1999) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.80 , pp. 1045-1075
    • Karyampudi, V.M.1
  • 130
    • 34548615996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial vegetation patterns and imminent desertification in Mediterranean arid ecosystems
    • Kéfi S., Rietker M., Alados C.L., et al. Spatial vegetation patterns and imminent desertification in Mediterranean arid ecosystems. Nature 2007, 449:213-217.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.449 , pp. 213-217
    • Kéfi, S.1    Rietker, M.2    Alados, C.L.3
  • 131
    • 34047210850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local facilitation, bistability and transitions in arid ecosystems
    • Kéfi S., Rietkerk M., van Baalen M., Loreau M. Local facilitation, bistability and transitions in arid ecosystems. Theor. Popul. Biol. 2007, 71:367-379.
    • (2007) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.71 , pp. 367-379
    • Kéfi, S.1    Rietkerk, M.2    van Baalen, M.3    Loreau, M.4
  • 132
    • 84876449407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early warning signals also precede non-catastrophic transitions
    • Kéfi S., Dakos V., Scheffer M., van Nes E.H., Rietkerk M. Early warning signals also precede non-catastrophic transitions. Oikos 2013, 122:641-648.
    • (2013) Oikos , vol.122 , pp. 641-648
    • Kéfi, S.1    Dakos, V.2    Scheffer, M.3    van Nes, E.H.4    Rietkerk, M.5
  • 133
    • 84899107801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early warning signals of ecological transitions: methods for spatial patterns
    • Kéfi S., Guttal V., Brock W.A., et al. Early warning signals of ecological transitions: methods for spatial patterns. PLoS One 2014, 9:e92097.
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , pp. e92097
    • Kéfi, S.1    Guttal, V.2    Brock, W.A.3
  • 134
    • 84864383709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of anomalous soil moisture on the inland reintensification of Tropical Storm Erin (2007)
    • Kellner O., Niyogi D., Lei M., Kumar A. The role of anomalous soil moisture on the inland reintensification of Tropical Storm Erin (2007). Nat. Hazards 2012, 63:1573-1600.
    • (2012) Nat. Hazards , vol.63 , pp. 1573-1600
    • Kellner, O.1    Niyogi, D.2    Lei, M.3    Kumar, A.4
  • 135
    • 25844471433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol impact on the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds
    • Khain A., Rosenfeld D., Pokrovsky A. Aerosol impact on the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2005, 131:2639-2663.
    • (2005) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 2639-2663
    • Khain, A.1    Rosenfeld, D.2    Pokrovsky, A.3
  • 136
    • 79960524232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecohydrology in practice: strengths, conveniences, and opportunities
    • King E.G., Caylor K.K. Ecohydrology in practice: strengths, conveniences, and opportunities. Ecohydrology 2011, 4:608-612.
    • (2011) Ecohydrology , vol.4 , pp. 608-612
    • King, E.G.1    Caylor, K.K.2
  • 137
    • 0033546065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regular and irregular patterns in semiarid vegetation
    • Klausmeier C.A. Regular and irregular patterns in semiarid vegetation. Science 1999, 284:1826-1828.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 1826-1828
    • Klausmeier, C.A.1
  • 138
    • 79957968782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of soil moisture ensemble runs to estimate precipitation variability in convection-permitting model simulations for West Africa
    • Kluepfel V., Kalthoff N., Gantner L., Kottmeier C. Evaluation of soil moisture ensemble runs to estimate precipitation variability in convection-permitting model simulations for West Africa. Atmos. Res. 2011, 101:178-193.
    • (2011) Atmos. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 178-193
    • Kluepfel, V.1    Kalthoff, N.2    Gantner, L.3    Kottmeier, C.4
  • 139
    • 84862205900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergence zones and their impact on the initiation of a mesoscale convective system in West Africa
    • Kluepfel V., Kalthoff N., Gantner L., Taylor C.M. Convergence zones and their impact on the initiation of a mesoscale convective system in West Africa. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2012, 138:950-963.
    • (2012) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.138 , pp. 950-963
    • Kluepfel, V.1    Kalthoff, N.2    Gantner, L.3    Taylor, C.M.4
  • 140
    • 77955043396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between mineral dust and cloud properties in the West African Sahel
    • Klueser L., Holzer-Popp T. Relationships between mineral dust and cloud properties in the West African Sahel. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:6901-6915.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 6901-6915
    • Klueser, L.1    Holzer-Popp, T.2
  • 141
    • 77954481275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The central west Saharan dust hot spot and its relation to African easterly waves and extratropical disturbances
    • Knippertz P., Todd M.C. The central west Saharan dust hot spot and its relation to African easterly waves and extratropical disturbances. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:D12117.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115 , pp. D12117
    • Knippertz, P.1    Todd, M.C.2
  • 144
    • 84869470662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land surface controls on hydroclimatic means and variability
    • Koster R.D., Mahanama S.P.P. Land surface controls on hydroclimatic means and variability. J. Hydrometeorol. 2012, 13:1604-1620.
    • (2012) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.13 , pp. 1604-1620
    • Koster, R.D.1    Mahanama, S.P.P.2
  • 145
    • 0038607917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of land surface initialization on seasonal precipitation and temperature prediction
    • Koster R.D., Suarez M.J. Impact of land surface initialization on seasonal precipitation and temperature prediction. J. Hydrometeorol. 2003, 4:408-423.
    • (2003) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.4 , pp. 408-423
    • Koster, R.D.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 148
    • 4143112257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regions of strong coupling between soil moisture and precipitation
    • Koster R.D., et al. Regions of strong coupling between soil moisture and precipitation. Science 2004, 305:1138-1140.
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 1138-1140
    • Koster, R.D.1
  • 149
    • 33748304816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLACE: the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment. Part I. Overview
    • Koster R.D., et al. GLACE: the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment. Part I. Overview. J. Hydrometeorol. 2006, 7:590-610.
    • (2006) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.7 , pp. 590-610
    • Koster, R.D.1
  • 151
    • 77952544379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of land surface initialization to subseasonal forecast skill: First results from a multi-model experiment
    • Koster R.D., Mahanama S.P.P., Yamada T.K., et al. Contribution of land surface initialization to subseasonal forecast skill: First results from a multi-model experiment. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37. Article No. L02402.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Koster, R.D.1    Mahanama, S.P.P.2    Yamada, T.K.3
  • 152
    • 80051982359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The second phase of the global land-atmosphere coupling experiment: Soil moisture contributions to subseasonal forecast skill
    • Koster R.R., Mahanama S.P.P., Yamada T.J., et al. The second phase of the global land-atmosphere coupling experiment: Soil moisture contributions to subseasonal forecast skill. J. Hydrometeorol. 2011, 12:805-822.
    • (2011) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.12 , pp. 805-822
    • Koster, R.R.1    Mahanama, S.P.P.2    Yamada, T.J.3
  • 153
    • 44049087992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000years
    • Kroepelin S., et al. Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000years. Science 2008, 320:765-768.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 765-768
    • Kroepelin, S.1
  • 154
    • 67650280449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecohydrology of groundwater-dependent ecosystems: 1. Stochastic water table dynamics
    • Laio F., Tamea S., Ridolfi L., d'Odorico P., Rodriguez-Iturbe I. Ecohydrology of groundwater-dependent ecosystems: 1. Stochastic water table dynamics. Water Resour. Res. 2009, 45:W05419.
    • (2009) Water Resour. Res. , vol.45 , pp. W05419
    • Laio, F.1    Tamea, S.2    Ridolfi, L.3    d'Odorico, P.4    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.5
  • 155
    • 0028553912 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting conditions of surface-water balance in wet years and dry years as a possible land-surface atmosphere feedback mechanism in the west-African Sahel
    • Lare A.R., Nicholson S.E. Contrasting conditions of surface-water balance in wet years and dry years as a possible land-surface atmosphere feedback mechanism in the west-African Sahel. J. Clim. 1994, 7:653-668.
    • (1994) J. Clim. , vol.7 , pp. 653-668
    • Lare, A.R.1    Nicholson, S.E.2
  • 156
    • 33947528605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How nature foiled the 2006 hurricane forecasts
    • Lau I.M., Kim K.M. How nature foiled the 2006 hurricane forecasts. EOS Trans. 2007, 88:105-106.
    • (2007) EOS Trans. , vol.88 , pp. 105-106
    • Lau, I.M.1    Kim, K.M.2
  • 157
    • 39049117395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooling of the Atlantic by Saharan dust
    • Lau K.M., Kim K.M. Cooling of the Atlantic by Saharan dust. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L23811.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34 , pp. L23811
    • Lau, K.M.1    Kim, K.M.2
  • 158
    • 70749123060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A GCM study of the response of the atmospheric water cycle of West Africa and the Atlantic to Saharan dust radiative forcing
    • Lau K.M., Kim K.M., Sud Y.C., Walker G.K. A GCM study of the response of the atmospheric water cycle of West Africa and the Atlantic to Saharan dust radiative forcing. Ann. Geophys. 2009, 27:4023-4037.
    • (2009) Ann. Geophys. , vol.27 , pp. 4023-4037
    • Lau, K.M.1    Kim, K.M.2    Sud, Y.C.3    Walker, G.K.4
  • 159
    • 67849124163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of vegetation changes on precipitation and Mesoscale Convective Systems in the Sahel
    • Lauwaet D., van Lipzig N.P.M., De Ridder K. The effect of vegetation changes on precipitation and Mesoscale Convective Systems in the Sahel. Clim. Dyn. 2009, 33:521-534.
    • (2009) Clim. Dyn. , vol.33 , pp. 521-534
    • Lauwaet, D.1    van Lipzig, N.P.M.2    De Ridder, K.3
  • 162
    • 77958101587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled land-atmosphere intraseasonal variability of the West African monsoon in a GCM
    • Lavender S.L., Taylor C.M., Matthews A.J. Coupled land-atmosphere intraseasonal variability of the West African monsoon in a GCM. J. Clim. 2010, 23:5557-5571.
    • (2010) J. Clim. , vol.23 , pp. 5557-5571
    • Lavender, S.L.1    Taylor, C.M.2    Matthews, A.J.3
  • 163
  • 164
    • 41349112280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized vegetation patches: a self-organized response to resource scarcity
    • Lejeune O., Tilidi M., Couteron P. Localized vegetation patches: a self-organized response to resource scarcity. Phys. Rev. E 2002, 66:010901.
    • (2002) Phys. Rev. E , vol.66 , pp. 10901
    • Lejeune, O.1    Tilidi, M.2    Couteron, P.3
  • 165
    • 41149154410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system
    • Lenton T.M., et al. Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2008, 105:1786-1793.
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.105 , pp. 1786-1793
    • Lenton, T.M.1
  • 166
    • 78651104999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-soil-vegetation control on groundwater table dynamics and its feedbacks in a climate model
    • Leung L.R., Huang M., Quian Y., Liang X. Climate-soil-vegetation control on groundwater table dynamics and its feedbacks in a climate model. Clim. Dyn. 2011, 36:57-81.
    • (2011) Clim. Dyn. , vol.36 , pp. 57-81
    • Leung, L.R.1    Huang, M.2    Quian, Y.3    Liang, X.4
  • 167
    • 84884858523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling ecohydrology and hydropedology at different spatio-temporal scales in water-limited ecosystems
    • H. Lin (Ed.)
    • Li X.-Y., Lin H., Levia D.F. Coupling ecohydrology and hydropedology at different spatio-temporal scales in water-limited ecosystems. Hydropedology: Synergistic Integration of Soil Science and Hydrology 2012, 737-758. H. Lin (Ed.).
    • (2012) Hydropedology: Synergistic Integration of Soil Science and Hydrology , pp. 737-758
    • Li, X.-Y.1    Lin, H.2    Levia, D.F.3
  • 169
    • 80052021811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of climate change on groundwater recharge in dry areas: an ecohydrology approach
    • Liu H.H. Impact of climate change on groundwater recharge in dry areas: an ecohydrology approach. J. Hydrol. 2011, 407:175-183.
    • (2011) J. Hydrol. , vol.407 , pp. 175-183
    • Liu, H.H.1
  • 170
    • 34547468270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the transient evolution and abrupt change of Northern Africa atmosphere-ocean-terrestrial ecosystem in the Holocene
    • Liu Z., et al. Simulating the transient evolution and abrupt change of Northern Africa atmosphere-ocean-terrestrial ecosystem in the Holocene. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2007, 26:1818-1837.
    • (2007) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.26 , pp. 1818-1837
    • Liu, Z.1
  • 171
    • 78649739241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of water table dynamics on land surface hydrologic memory
    • Lo M.H., Famiglietti J.S. Effect of water table dynamics on land surface hydrologic memory. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2010, 115:D22118.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.115 , pp. D22118
    • Lo, M.H.1    Famiglietti, J.S.2
  • 172
    • 84875379160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt temperature changes during the last 1,500years
    • Matyasovszky I., Ljungqvist F.C. Abrupt temperature changes during the last 1,500years. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2013, 112:215-225.
    • (2013) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.112 , pp. 215-225
    • Matyasovszky, I.1    Ljungqvist, F.C.2
  • 173
    • 34848872576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The groundwater-land-surface-atmosphere connection: soil moisture effects on the atmospheric boundary layer in fully-coupled simulations
    • Maxwell R.M., Chow F.K., Kollet S.J. The groundwater-land-surface-atmosphere connection: soil moisture effects on the atmospheric boundary layer in fully-coupled simulations. Adv. Water Resour. 2007, 30:2447-2466.
    • (2007) Adv. Water Resour. , vol.30 , pp. 2447-2466
    • Maxwell, R.M.1    Chow, F.K.2    Kollet, S.J.3
  • 174
    • 84897974926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of observed vegetation changes on land-atmosphere feedbacks during drought
    • Meng X.H., Evans J.P., McCabe M.F. The impact of observed vegetation changes on land-atmosphere feedbacks during drought. J. Hydrometeorol. 2014, 15:759-776.
    • (2014) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.15 , pp. 759-776
    • Meng, X.H.1    Evans, J.P.2    McCabe, M.F.3
  • 175
    • 34848916953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized structures in dryland vegetation: forms and functions
    • Meron E., Yizhaq H., Gilad E. Localized structures in dryland vegetation: forms and functions. Chaos 2007, 17:037109.
    • (2007) Chaos , vol.17 , pp. 37109
    • Meron, E.1    Yizhaq, H.2    Gilad, E.3
  • 176
    • 77949395895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and dynamics of the Saharan atmospheric boundary layer during the West African monsoon onset: observations and analyses from the research flights of 14 and 17 July 2006
    • Messager C., Parker D.J., Reitebuch O., Agusti-Panareda A., Taylor C.M., Cuesta J. Structure and dynamics of the Saharan atmospheric boundary layer during the West African monsoon onset: observations and analyses from the research flights of 14 and 17 July 2006. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2010, 136:107-124.
    • (2010) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 107-124
    • Messager, C.1    Parker, D.J.2    Reitebuch, O.3    Agusti-Panareda, A.4    Taylor, C.M.5    Cuesta, J.6
  • 178
    • 34548630838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating water table dynamics in climate modeling: 2. Formulation, validation, and soil moisture simulation
    • Miguez-Macho G., Fan Y., Weaver C.P., Walko R., Robock A. Incorporating water table dynamics in climate modeling: 2. Formulation, validation, and soil moisture simulation. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2007, 112:D13108.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.112 , pp. D13108
    • Miguez-Macho, G.1    Fan, Y.2    Weaver, C.P.3    Walko, R.4    Robock, A.5
  • 179
    • 47749143653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated water table and soil moisture climatology over North America
    • Miguez-Macho G., Li H., Fan Y. Simulated water table and soil moisture climatology over North America. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2008, 89:663-672.
    • (2008) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.89 , pp. 663-672
    • Miguez-Macho, G.1    Li, H.2    Fan, Y.3
  • 180
    • 67649472802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air, sea, and land interactions of the continental US hydroclimate
    • Misra V., Dirmeyer P.A. Air, sea, and land interactions of the continental US hydroclimate. J. Hydrometeorol. 2009, 10:353-373.
    • (2009) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.10 , pp. 353-373
    • Misra, V.1    Dirmeyer, P.A.2
  • 181
    • 0037304764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of West African convective-line water budgets to land cover
    • Mohr K.I., Baker R.D., Tau W.K., Famiglietti J.S. The sensitivity of West African convective-line water budgets to land cover. J. Hydrol. 2003, 4:62-76.
    • (2003) J. Hydrol. , vol.4 , pp. 62-76
    • Mohr, K.I.1    Baker, R.D.2    Tau, W.K.3    Famiglietti, J.S.4
  • 182
    • 0013833806 scopus 로고
    • Evaporation and environment
    • Academic Press, New York, G.E. Fogg (Ed.) Symposium of the Society for Experimental Biology
    • Monteith J.L. Evaporation and environment. The State and Movement of Water in Living Organisms 1965, vol. 19:205-254. Academic Press, New York. G.E. Fogg (Ed.).
    • (1965) The State and Movement of Water in Living Organisms , vol.19 , pp. 205-254
    • Monteith, J.L.1
  • 183
    • 77954143603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of soil moisture initialization and lateral boundary conditions on regional climate model simulations of the West African Monsoon
    • Moufouma-Okia W., Rowell D.P. Impact of soil moisture initialization and lateral boundary conditions on regional climate model simulations of the West African Monsoon. Clim. Dyn. 2010, 35:213-229.
    • (2010) Clim. Dyn. , vol.35 , pp. 213-229
    • Moufouma-Okia, W.1    Rowell, D.P.2
  • 184
    • 84906861472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional model simulations of the 2008 drought in southern South America using a consistent set of land surface properties
    • Mueller O.V., Berbery E.H., Alcaraz-Segura D., Ek M.B. Regional model simulations of the 2008 drought in southern South America using a consistent set of land surface properties. J. Clim. 2014, 27:6754-6778.
    • (2014) J. Clim. , vol.27 , pp. 6754-6778
    • Mueller, O.V.1    Berbery, E.H.2    Alcaraz-Segura, D.3    Ek, M.B.4
  • 185
    • 0000945804 scopus 로고
    • The annual course of month-to-month persistence in climate anomalies
    • Namias J. The annual course of month-to-month persistence in climate anomalies. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1952, 33:279-285.
    • (1952) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.33 , pp. 279-285
    • Namias, J.1
  • 186
    • 0001625959 scopus 로고
    • Some empirical aspects of drought with special reference to the summer of 1952-54 over the United States
    • Namias J. Some empirical aspects of drought with special reference to the summer of 1952-54 over the United States. Mon. Weather Rev. 1955, 83:199-205.
    • (1955) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.83 , pp. 199-205
    • Namias, J.1
  • 187
    • 1842383562 scopus 로고
    • Factors in the initiation, perpetuation and termination of drought
    • Namias J. Factors in the initiation, perpetuation and termination of drought. IASH Comm. Surf. Waters Publ. 1960, 51:81-94.
    • (1960) IASH Comm. Surf. Waters Publ. , vol.51 , pp. 81-94
    • Namias, J.1
  • 188
    • 33746650044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecohydrology of water-limited environments: a scientific vision
    • Newman B.D., Wilcox B.P., Archer S.R., et al. Ecohydrology of water-limited environments: a scientific vision. Water Resour. Res. 2006, 42:W06302.
    • (2006) Water Resour. Res. , vol.42 , pp. W06302
    • Newman, B.D.1    Wilcox, B.P.2    Archer, S.R.3
  • 189
    • 0002475552 scopus 로고
    • African drought: characteristics, causal theories and global teleconnections
    • American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C. A. Berger, R.E. Dickinson, J.W. Kidson (Eds.)
    • Nicholson S.E. African drought: characteristics, causal theories and global teleconnections. Understanding Climate Change 1989, 79-100. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C. A. Berger, R.E. Dickinson, J.W. Kidson (Eds.).
    • (1989) Understanding Climate Change , pp. 79-100
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 190
    • 84940613269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land surface processes and Sahel climate
    • Nicholson S.E. Land surface processes and Sahel climate. Rev. Geophys. 2000, 38:117-139.
    • (2000) Rev. Geophys. , vol.38 , pp. 117-139
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 191
    • 0035880382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic and environmental change in Africa during the last two centuries
    • Nicholson S.E. Climatic and environmental change in Africa during the last two centuries. Clim. Res. 2001, 17:123-144.
    • (2001) Clim. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 123-144
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 192
    • 74849106148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the key components of climate as a driver of desertification?
    • J.F. Reynolds, D.M. Stafford Smith (Eds.)
    • Nicholson S.E. What are the key components of climate as a driver of desertification?. Global Desertification - Do Humans Cause Deserts? 2002, 41-58. J.F. Reynolds, D.M. Stafford Smith (Eds.).
    • (2002) Global Desertification - Do Humans Cause Deserts? , pp. 41-58
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 193
    • 85010424172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Nicholson S.E. Dryland Climatology 2011, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (516pp.).
    • (2011) Dryland Climatology , pp. 516
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 194
    • 84884952742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The West African Sahel: a review of recent studies on the rainfall regime and its interannual variability
    • 453521
    • Nicholson S.E. The West African Sahel: a review of recent studies on the rainfall regime and its interannual variability. ISRN Meteorol. 2013, 2013(453521).
    • (2013) ISRN Meteorol. , vol.2013
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 195
    • 0031720559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desertification, drought and surface vegetation: an example from the West African Sahel
    • Nicholson S.E., Tucker C.J., Ba M.B. Desertification, drought and surface vegetation: an example from the West African Sahel. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1998, 79:815-829.
    • (1998) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.79 , pp. 815-829
    • Nicholson, S.E.1    Tucker, C.J.2    Ba, M.B.3
  • 196
    • 46449124178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical identification of global hot spots in soil moisture feedbacks among IPCC AR4 models
    • Notaro M. Statistical identification of global hot spots in soil moisture feedbacks among IPCC AR4 models. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2008, 113:D09101.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.113 , pp. D09101
    • Notaro, M.1
  • 197
    • 0031395482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal and seasonal cycles of desert dust over Africa north of the equator
    • N'Tchayi Mbourou G.N., Bertrand J.J., Nicholson S.E. The diurnal and seasonal cycles of desert dust over Africa north of the equator. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1997, 36:868-882.
    • (1997) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.36 , pp. 868-882
    • N'Tchayi Mbourou, G.N.1    Bertrand, J.J.2    Nicholson, S.E.3
  • 198
    • 37049252975 scopus 로고
    • Baring high-albedo soils by overgrazing - hypothesized desertification mechanism
    • Otterman J. Baring high-albedo soils by overgrazing - hypothesized desertification mechanism. Science 1974, 186:531-533.
    • (1974) Science , vol.186 , pp. 531-533
    • Otterman, J.1
  • 199
    • 58049209833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple model of coupled synoptic waves in the land surface and atmosphere of the northern Sahel
    • Parker D.J. A simple model of coupled synoptic waves in the land surface and atmosphere of the northern Sahel. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2008, 134:2173-2184.
    • (2008) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.134 , pp. 2173-2184
    • Parker, D.J.1
  • 200
    • 27644510842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the African easterly jet, using aircraft observations from the JET2000 experiment
    • Parker D.J., Thorncroft C.D., Burton R.R., Diongue-Niang A. Analysis of the African easterly jet, using aircraft observations from the JET2000 experiment. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2005, 131:1461-1482.
    • (2005) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 1461-1482
    • Parker, D.J.1    Thorncroft, C.D.2    Burton, R.R.3    Diongue-Niang, A.4
  • 201
    • 56549106804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmosphere/vegetation feedbacks: a mechanism for abrupt climate change over northern Africa
    • Patricola C.M., Cook K.H. Atmosphere/vegetation feedbacks: a mechanism for abrupt climate change over northern Africa. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2008, 113:D18.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.113 , pp. D18
    • Patricola, C.M.1    Cook, K.H.2
  • 202
    • 84861534708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing versus nondeveloping disturbances for tropical cyclone formation. Part I: North Atlantic
    • Peng M.S., Fu B., Li T. Developing versus nondeveloping disturbances for tropical cyclone formation. Part I: North Atlantic. Mon. Weather Rev. 2012, 140:1047-1066.
    • (2012) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.140 , pp. 1047-1066
    • Peng, M.S.1    Fu, B.2    Li, T.3
  • 203
    • 0036258930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between the Sahelian and previous 2nd Guinean rainy seasons: a monsoon regulation by soil wetness?
    • Philippon N., Fontaine B. The relationship between the Sahelian and previous 2nd Guinean rainy seasons: a monsoon regulation by soil wetness?. Ann. Geophys. 2002, 20:575-582.
    • (2002) Ann. Geophys. , vol.20 , pp. 575-582
    • Philippon, N.1    Fontaine, B.2
  • 204
    • 84900635485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-atmosphere coupling manifested in warm-season observations on the U.S. southern Great Plains
    • Phillips T.J., Klein S.A. Land-atmosphere coupling manifested in warm-season observations on the U.S. southern Great Plains. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2014, 119:509-528.
    • (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.119 , pp. 509-528
    • Phillips, T.J.1    Klein, S.A.2
  • 205
    • 0036791266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecohydrology - a challenging multidisciplinary research perspective
    • Porporato A., Rodriguez-Iturbe I. Ecohydrology - a challenging multidisciplinary research perspective. Hydrol. Sci. J. 2002, 47:811-821.
    • (2002) Hydrol. Sci. J. , vol.47 , pp. 811-821
    • Porporato, A.1    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.2
  • 206
    • 84879363854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecohydrology Bearings - invited commentary from random variability to ordered structures: a search for general synthesis in ecohydrology
    • Porporato A., Rodriguez-Iturbe I. Ecohydrology Bearings - invited commentary from random variability to ordered structures: a search for general synthesis in ecohydrology. Ecohydrology 2013, 6:333-342.
    • (2013) Ecohydrology , vol.6 , pp. 333-342
    • Porporato, A.1    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.2
  • 207
    • 2342495969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal scales for detection of desertification
    • J.F. Reynolds, D.M. Stafford Smith (Eds.)
    • Prince S.D. Spatial and temporal scales for detection of desertification. Global Desertification - Do Humans Cause Deserts? 2002, 23-40. J.F. Reynolds, D.M. Stafford Smith (Eds.).
    • (2002) Global Desertification - Do Humans Cause Deserts? , pp. 23-40
    • Prince, S.D.1
  • 208
    • 0031821988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence from rain-use efficiencies does not indicate extensive Sahelian desertification
    • Prince S.D., de Colstoun E.B., Kravitz L.L. Evidence from rain-use efficiencies does not indicate extensive Sahelian desertification. Glob. Chang. Biol. 1998, 4:359-374.
    • (1998) Glob. Chang. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 359-374
    • Prince, S.D.1    de Colstoun, E.B.2    Kravitz, L.L.3
  • 209
    • 34447519804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desertification in the Sahel: a reinterpretation of a reinterpretation
    • Prince S.D., Wessels K.J., Tucker C.J., Nicholson S.E. Desertification in the Sahel: a reinterpretation of a reinterpretation. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2007, 13:1308-1313.
    • (2007) Glob. Chang. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 1308-1313
    • Prince, S.D.1    Wessels, K.J.2    Tucker, C.J.3    Nicholson, S.E.4
  • 210
    • 0036523876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product
    • Prospero J.M., Ginoux P., Torres O., Nicholson S.E., Gill T.E. Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product. Rev. Geophys. 2002, 40(1002).
    • (2002) Rev. Geophys. , vol.40 , Issue.1002
    • Prospero, J.M.1    Ginoux, P.2    Torres, O.3    Nicholson, S.E.4    Gill, T.E.5
  • 211
    • 77952507932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlantic tropical cyclogenetic processes during SOP-3 NAMMA in the GEOS-5 global data assimilation and forecast system
    • Reale O., Lau K.M., Kim K.M. Atlantic tropical cyclogenetic processes during SOP-3 NAMMA in the GEOS-5 global data assimilation and forecast system. J. Atmos. Sci. 2009, 66:3563-3578.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 3563-3578
    • Reale, O.1    Lau, K.M.2    Kim, K.M.3
  • 212
    • 80052409464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of an interactive aerosol on the African Easterly Jet in the NASA GEOS-5 Global Forecasting System
    • Reale O., Lau K.M., da Silva A. Impact of an interactive aerosol on the African Easterly Jet in the NASA GEOS-5 Global Forecasting System. Weather Forecast. 2011, 26:504-519.
    • (2011) Weather Forecast. , vol.26 , pp. 504-519
    • Reale, O.1    Lau, K.M.2    da Silva, A.3
  • 214
    • 50249164802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility island formation and evolution in dryland ecosystems
    • Ridolfi L., Laio F., d'Odorico P. Fertility island formation and evolution in dryland ecosystems. Ecol. Soc. 2008, 13:5.
    • (2008) Ecol. Soc. , vol.13 , pp. 5
    • Ridolfi, L.1    Laio, F.2    d'Odorico, P.3
  • 215
    • 0030618690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternate stable states and threshold effects in semi-arid grazing systems
    • Rietkerk M., Van de Koppel J. Alternate stable states and threshold effects in semi-arid grazing systems. Oikos 1997, 79:69-76.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.79 , pp. 69-76
    • Rietkerk, M.1    Van de Koppel, J.2
  • 216
    • 0033910820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale soil and vegetation patchiness along a gradient of herbivore impact in a semi-arid grazing system in West Africa
    • Rietkerk M., Ketner P., Burger J., et al. Multiscale soil and vegetation patchiness along a gradient of herbivore impact in a semi-arid grazing system in West Africa. Plant Ecol. 2000, 148:207-224.
    • (2000) Plant Ecol. , vol.148 , pp. 207-224
    • Rietkerk, M.1    Ketner, P.2    Burger, J.3
  • 217
    • 0036794073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-organization of vegetation in arid ecosystems
    • Rietkerk M., Boerlijst M.C., Langevelde F., et al. Self-organization of vegetation in arid ecosystems. Am. Nat. 2002, 160:524-530.
    • (2002) Am. Nat. , vol.160 , pp. 524-530
    • Rietkerk, M.1    Boerlijst, M.C.2    Langevelde, F.3
  • 218
    • 4644316410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-organized patchiness and catastrophic shifts in ecosystems
    • Rietkerk M., Dekker S.C., De Ruiter P.C., van de Koppel J. Self-organized patchiness and catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Science 2004, 305:1926-1929.
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 1926-1929
    • Rietkerk, M.1    Dekker, S.C.2    De Ruiter, P.C.3    van de Koppel, J.4
  • 219
    • 79960718752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local ecosystem feedbacks and critical transitions in the climate
    • Rietkerk M., et al. Local ecosystem feedbacks and critical transitions in the climate. Ecol. Complex. 2011, 8:223-228.
    • (2011) Ecol. Complex. , vol.8 , pp. 223-228
    • Rietkerk, M.1
  • 220
    • 0033986531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecohydrology: a hydrologic perspective of climate-soil-vegetation dynamics
    • Rodriguez-Iturbe I. Ecohydrology: a hydrologic perspective of climate-soil-vegetation dynamics. Water Resour. Res. 2000, 36:3-9.
    • (2000) Water Resour. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 3-9
    • Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.1
  • 221
    • 0026304150 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear dynamics of soil-moisture at climate scales. 1. Stochastic-analysis
    • Rodriguez-Iturbe I., Entekhabi D., Bras R.L. Nonlinear dynamics of soil-moisture at climate scales. 1. Stochastic-analysis. Water Resour. Res. 1991, 27:1899-1906.
    • (1991) Water Resour. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 1899-1906
    • Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.1    Entekhabi, D.2    Bras, R.L.3
  • 224
    • 0032572991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible self-organizing dynamics for land-atmosphere interaction
    • Rodriguez-Iturbe I., d'Odorico P., Rinaldo A. Possible self-organizing dynamics for land-atmosphere interaction. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 1998, 103:23071-23077.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.103 , pp. 23071-23077
    • Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.1    d'Odorico, P.2    Rinaldo, A.3
  • 225
    • 35848954746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges in humid land ecohydrology: interactions of water table and unsaturated zone with climate, soil, and vegetation
    • Rodriguez-Iturbe I., d'Odorico P., Laio F., Ridolfi L., Tamea S. Challenges in humid land ecohydrology: interactions of water table and unsaturated zone with climate, soil, and vegetation. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43:W09301.
    • (2007) Water Resour. Res. , vol.43 , pp. W09301
    • Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.1    d'Odorico, P.2    Laio, F.3    Ridolfi, L.4    Tamea, S.5
  • 226
    • 84877641946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oceans and sea ice in abrupt transitions between multiple climate states
    • Rose B.E.J., Ferreira D., Marshall J. The role of oceans and sea ice in abrupt transitions between multiple climate states. J. Clim. 2012, 26:2862-2879.
    • (2012) J. Clim. , vol.26 , pp. 2862-2879
    • Rose, B.E.J.1    Ferreira, D.2    Marshall, J.3
  • 227
    • 0035932995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desert dust suppressing precipitation: a possible desertification feedback loop
    • Rosenfeld D., Rudich Y., Lahav R. Desert dust suppressing precipitation: a possible desertification feedback loop. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98:5975-5980.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.98 , pp. 5975-5980
    • Rosenfeld, D.1    Rudich, Y.2    Lahav, R.3
  • 228
    • 84876792984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variability of land-atmosphere coupling and its implications for drought over the Southeast United States
    • Roundy J.K., Ferguson C.R., Wood E.F. Temporal variability of land-atmosphere coupling and its implications for drought over the Southeast United States. J. Hydrometeorol. 2013, 14:622-635.
    • (2013) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.14 , pp. 622-635
    • Roundy, J.K.1    Ferguson, C.R.2    Wood, E.F.3
  • 229
    • 84906099928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of land-atmospheric coupling in CFSv2 on drought prediction
    • Roundy J.K., Ferguson C.R., Wood E.F. Impact of land-atmospheric coupling in CFSv2 on drought prediction. Clim. Dyn. 2014, 43:421-434.
    • (2014) Clim. Dyn. , vol.43 , pp. 421-434
    • Roundy, J.K.1    Ferguson, C.R.2    Wood, E.F.3
  • 230
    • 0028792850 scopus 로고
    • Variability of summer rainfall over tropical North-Africa (1906-1992) - observations and modeling
    • Rowell D.P., Folland C.K., Maskell K., Ward M.N. Variability of summer rainfall over tropical North-Africa (1906-1992) - observations and modeling. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1995, 121:669-674.
    • (1995) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.121 , pp. 669-674
    • Rowell, D.P.1    Folland, C.K.2    Maskell, K.3    Ward, M.N.4
  • 231
    • 0036704771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating soil moisture feedbacks on precipitation with tests of Granger causality
    • Salvucci G.D., Saleem J.A., Kaufmann R. Investigating soil moisture feedbacks on precipitation with tests of Granger causality. Adv. Water Resour. 2002, 25:1305-1312.
    • (2002) Adv. Water Resour. , vol.25 , pp. 1305-1312
    • Salvucci, G.D.1    Saleem, J.A.2    Kaufmann, R.3
  • 232
    • 2542565108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree-grass coexistence in savannas revisited - insights from an examination of assumptions and mechanisms invoked in existing models
    • Sankaran M., Ratnam J., Hanan N.P. Tree-grass coexistence in savannas revisited - insights from an examination of assumptions and mechanisms invoked in existing models. Ecol. Lett. 2004, 7:480-490.
    • (2004) Ecol. Lett. , vol.7 , pp. 480-490
    • Sankaran, M.1    Ratnam, J.2    Hanan, N.P.3
  • 233
    • 68049092808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modeling and observational framework for diagnosing local land-atmosphere coupling on diurnal time scales
    • Santanello J.A., Peters-Lidard C.D., Kumar S.V., Alonge C., Tao W.K. A modeling and observational framework for diagnosing local land-atmosphere coupling on diurnal time scales. J. Hydrometeorol. 2009, 10:577-599.
    • (2009) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.10 , pp. 577-599
    • Santanello, J.A.1    Peters-Lidard, C.D.2    Kumar, S.V.3    Alonge, C.4    Tao, W.K.5
  • 234
    • 80051995798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing the sensitivity of local land-atmosphere coupling via the soil moisture-boundary layer interaction
    • Santanello J.A., Peters-Lidard C.D., Kumar S.V. Diagnosing the sensitivity of local land-atmosphere coupling via the soil moisture-boundary layer interaction. J. Hydrometeorol. 2011, 12:766-786.
    • (2011) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.12 , pp. 766-786
    • Santanello, J.A.1    Peters-Lidard, C.D.2    Kumar, S.V.3
  • 235
    • 84875030687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing the nature of land-atmosphere coupling: a case study of dry/wet extremes in the US southern Great Plains
    • Santanello J.A., Peters-Lidard C.D., Kennedy A., Kumar S.V. Diagnosing the nature of land-atmosphere coupling: a case study of dry/wet extremes in the US southern Great Plains. J. Hydrometeorol. 2013, 14:3-24.
    • (2013) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.14 , pp. 3-24
    • Santanello, J.A.1    Peters-Lidard, C.D.2    Kennedy, A.3    Kumar, S.V.4
  • 236
    • 0039613986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The soil-precipitation feedback: a process study with a regional climate model
    • Schär C., Lüthi D., Beyerle U., Heise E. The soil-precipitation feedback: a process study with a regional climate model. J. Clim. 1999, 12:722-741.
    • (1999) J. Clim. , vol.12 , pp. 722-741
    • Schär, C.1    Lüthi, D.2    Beyerle, U.3    Heise, E.4
  • 237
    • 0242629042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems: linking theory to observation
    • Scheffer M., Carpenter S.R. Catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems: linking theory to observation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2003, 18:648-656.
    • (2003) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 648-656
    • Scheffer, M.1    Carpenter, S.R.2
  • 238
    • 27744584905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergy between small- and large-scale feedbacks of vegetation on the water cycle
    • Scheffer M., Holmgren M., Brovkin V., Claussen M. Synergy between small- and large-scale feedbacks of vegetation on the water cycle. Glob. Chang. Biol. 2005, 11:1003-1012.
    • (2005) Glob. Chang. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 1003-1012
    • Scheffer, M.1    Holmgren, M.2    Brovkin, V.3    Claussen, M.4
  • 239
    • 77953040367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of mesoscale convective systems on the surface and boundary-layer structure in West Africa: case-studies from the AMMA campaign 2006
    • Schwendike J., Kalthoff N., Kohler M. The impact of mesoscale convective systems on the surface and boundary-layer structure in West Africa: case-studies from the AMMA campaign 2006. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2010, 136:566-582.
    • (2010) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 566-582
    • Schwendike, J.1    Kalthoff, N.2    Kohler, M.3
  • 240
    • 61349135462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An optimality-based model of the dynamic feedbacks between natural vegetation and the water balance
    • Schymanski S.J., Sivapalan M., Roderick M.L., Hutley L.B., Beringer J. An optimality-based model of the dynamic feedbacks between natural vegetation and the water balance. Water Resour. Res. 2009, 45:W01412.
    • (2009) Water Resour. Res. , vol.45 , pp. W01412
    • Schymanski, S.J.1    Sivapalan, M.2    Roderick, M.L.3    Hutley, L.B.4    Beringer, J.5
  • 241
    • 0022825341 scopus 로고
    • A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models
    • Sellers P.J., Mintz Y., Sud Y.C., Dalcher A. A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci. 1986, 43:505-531.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 505-531
    • Sellers, P.J.1    Mintz, Y.2    Sud, Y.C.3    Dalcher, A.4
  • 242
    • 0031448674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BOREAS in 1997: experiment overview, scientific results and future directions
    • Sellers P.J., et al. BOREAS in 1997: experiment overview, scientific results and future directions. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102:28731-28769.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 28731-28769
    • Sellers, P.J.1
  • 243
    • 33748660216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-atmosphere coupling and climate change in Europe
    • Seneviratne S.I., Lüthi D., Litschi M., Schär C. Land-atmosphere coupling and climate change in Europe. Nature 2006, 443:205-209.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , pp. 205-209
    • Seneviratne, S.I.1    Lüthi, D.2    Litschi, M.3    Schär, C.4
  • 244
    • 33750937535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture memory AGCM simulations: analysis of global land-atmosphere coupling experiment (GLACE) data
    • Seneviratne S.I., et al. Soil moisture memory AGCM simulations: analysis of global land-atmosphere coupling experiment (GLACE) data. J. Hydrometeorol. 2006, 7:1090-1112.
    • (2006) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.7 , pp. 1090-1112
    • Seneviratne, S.I.1
  • 245
    • 68249133741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the influence of Saharan air layer on tropical cyclone intensity using AIRS/Aqua data
    • Shu S., Wu L. Analysis of the influence of Saharan air layer on tropical cyclone intensity using AIRS/Aqua data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L09809.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36 , pp. L09809
    • Shu, S.1    Wu, L.2
  • 246
    • 81555200701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental influences on the strength of Tropical Storm Debby (2006)
    • Sippel J.A., Braun S.A., Shie C.L. Environmental influences on the strength of Tropical Storm Debby (2006). J. Atmos. Sci. 2011, 68:2557-2581.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 2557-2581
    • Sippel, J.A.1    Braun, S.A.2    Shie, C.L.3
  • 247
    • 61349170249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dust aerosol impact on regional precipitation over western Africa, mechanisms and sensitivity
    • Solmon F., Mallet M., Elguindi N., GIorgi F., Zakey A., Konare A. Dust aerosol impact on regional precipitation over western Africa, mechanisms and sensitivity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L24705.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35 , pp. L24705
    • Solmon, F.1    Mallet, M.2    Elguindi, N.3    GIorgi, F.4    Zakey, A.5    Konare, A.6
  • 248
    • 84861608408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative and climatic effects of dust over West Africa, as simulated by a regional climate model
    • Solmon F., Elguindi N., Mallet M. Radiative and climatic effects of dust over West Africa, as simulated by a regional climate model. Clim. Res. 2012, 52:2012.
    • (2012) Clim. Res. , vol.52 , pp. 2012
    • Solmon, F.1    Elguindi, N.2    Mallet, M.3
  • 249
    • 84885935998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture-temperature feedbacks at meso-scale during summer heat waves over western Europe
    • Stefano M., Dobrinski P., d'Andrea F., Lebeaupin-Brossier C., Bastin S. Soil moisture-temperature feedbacks at meso-scale during summer heat waves over western Europe. Clim. Dyn. 2014, 42:1309-1324.
    • (2014) Clim. Dyn. , vol.42 , pp. 1309-1324
    • Stefano, M.1    Dobrinski, P.2    d'Andrea, F.3    Lebeaupin-Brossier, C.4    Bastin, S.5
  • 250
    • 75249095301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land surface coupling in regional climate simulations of the West African monsoon
    • Steiner A.L., et al. Land surface coupling in regional climate simulations of the West African monsoon. Clim. Dyn. 2009, 33:869-892.
    • (2009) Clim. Dyn. , vol.33 , pp. 869-892
    • Steiner, A.L.1
  • 251
    • 53749086714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting the 2007 and 2005 hurricane seasons: evidence of possible impacts of Saharan dry air and dust on tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic basin
    • Sun D., Lau K.M., Kafatos M. Contrasting the 2007 and 2005 hurricane seasons: evidence of possible impacts of Saharan dry air and dust on tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic basin. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L15405.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35 , pp. L15405
    • Sun, D.1    Lau, K.M.2    Kafatos, M.3
  • 252
    • 77649287797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulations of the impacts of the Saharan Air Layer on Atlantic tropical cyclone development
    • Sun D., Lau W.K.M., Kafatos M., et al. Numerical simulations of the impacts of the Saharan Air Layer on Atlantic tropical cyclone development. J. Clim. 2009, 22:6230-6250.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 6230-6250
    • Sun, D.1    Lau, W.K.M.2    Kafatos, M.3
  • 253
    • 84860352892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecohydrology of groundwater-dependent ecosystems: 2. Stochastic soil moisture dynamics
    • Tamea L., Laio F., Ridolfi L., d'Odorico P., Rodriguez-Iturbe I. Ecohydrology of groundwater-dependent ecosystems: 2. Stochastic soil moisture dynamics. Water Resour. Res. 2009, 45:W05420.
    • (2009) Water Resour. Res. , vol.45 , pp. W05420
    • Tamea, L.1    Laio, F.2    Ridolfi, L.3    d'Odorico, P.4    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.5
  • 254
    • 49249089502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of atmospheric aerosol concentration on deep convective precipitation: cloud-resolving model simulations
    • D24S18
    • Tao W.K., Li X., Khain A., Matsui T., Lang S., Simpson J. Role of atmospheric aerosol concentration on deep convective precipitation: cloud-resolving model simulations. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2007, 112:D24S18.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.112
    • Tao, W.K.1    Li, X.2    Khain, A.3    Matsui, T.4    Lang, S.5    Simpson, J.6
  • 255
    • 84896729016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A process-based framework for quantifying the atmospheric preconditioning of surface-triggered convection
    • Tawfik A.B., Dirmeyer P.A. A process-based framework for quantifying the atmospheric preconditioning of surface-triggered convection. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2014, 41:173-178.
    • (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.41 , pp. 173-178
    • Tawfik, A.B.1    Dirmeyer, P.A.2
  • 256
    • 58049194388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal land-atmosphere coupling in the West African monsoon
    • Taylor C.M. Intraseasonal land-atmosphere coupling in the West African monsoon. J. Clim. 2008, 21:6636-6648.
    • (2008) J. Clim. , vol.21 , pp. 6636-6648
    • Taylor, C.M.1
  • 257
    • 0035308697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal cycle and African easterly waves: a land surface perspective
    • Taylor C.M., Clark D.B. The diurnal cycle and African easterly waves: a land surface perspective. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2001, 127:845-867.
    • (2001) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.127 , pp. 845-867
    • Taylor, C.M.1    Clark, D.B.2
  • 258
    • 33645824342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satellite detection of soil moisture impacts on convection at the mesoscale
    • Taylor C.M., Ellis R.J. Satellite detection of soil moisture impacts on convection at the mesoscale. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L03404.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , pp. L03404
    • Taylor, C.M.1    Ellis, R.J.2
  • 259
    • 0000775293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence of persistent convective-scale rainfall patterns
    • Taylor C.M., Lebel T. Observational evidence of persistent convective-scale rainfall patterns. Mon. Weather Rev. 1998, 126:1597-1607.
    • (1998) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 1597-1607
    • Taylor, C.M.1    Lebel, T.2
  • 260
    • 0030615635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mesoscale simulation of land surface heterogeneity from HAPEX-Sahel
    • Taylor C.M., Harding R.J., Thorpe A.J., Bessemoulin P. A mesoscale simulation of land surface heterogeneity from HAPEX-Sahel. J. Hydrol. 1997, 188-189:1040-1066.
    • (1997) J. Hydrol. , pp. 1040-1066
    • Taylor, C.M.1    Harding, R.J.2    Thorpe, A.J.3    Bessemoulin, P.4
  • 261
    • 27644472649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of synoptic-scale land surface variability and its coupling with the atmosphere
    • Taylor C.M., Parker D.J., Lloyd C.R., Thorncroft C.D. Observations of synoptic-scale land surface variability and its coupling with the atmosphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2005, 131:913-937.
    • (2005) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 913-937
    • Taylor, C.M.1    Parker, D.J.2    Lloyd, C.R.3    Thorncroft, C.D.4
  • 262
    • 77949399444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of soil moisture on the development of a Sahelian mesoscale convective system: a case-study from the AMMA special Observing Period
    • Taylor C.M., Harris P.P., Parker D.J. Impact of soil moisture on the development of a Sahelian mesoscale convective system: a case-study from the AMMA special Observing Period. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2010, 136:456-470.
    • (2010) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 456-470
    • Taylor, C.M.1    Harris, P.P.2    Parker, D.J.3
  • 263
    • 79959924790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of Sahelian storm initiation enhanced over mesoscale soil-moisture patterns
    • Taylor C.M., et al. Frequency of Sahelian storm initiation enhanced over mesoscale soil-moisture patterns. Nat. Geosci. 2011, 4:430-433.
    • (2011) Nat. Geosci. , vol.4 , pp. 430-433
    • Taylor, C.M.1
  • 264
    • 79952021740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives on land-atmosphere feedbacks from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis
    • Taylor C.M., Parker D.J., Kalthoff N., et al. New perspectives on land-atmosphere feedbacks from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis. Atmos. Sci. Lett. 2011, 12:38-44.
    • (2011) Atmos. Sci. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 38-44
    • Taylor, C.M.1    Parker, D.J.2    Kalthoff, N.3
  • 265
    • 24944518330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On bimodality in warm season soil moisture observations
    • Teuling A.J., Uijlenhoet R., Troch P.A. On bimodality in warm season soil moisture observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32:L13402.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32 , pp. L13402
    • Teuling, A.J.1    Uijlenhoet, R.2    Troch, P.A.3
  • 267
    • 79957460573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial scale dependence of ecohydrologically mediated water balance partitioning: a synthesis framework for catchment ecohydrology
    • Thompson S.E., Harman C.J., Troch P.A., et al. Spatial scale dependence of ecohydrologically mediated water balance partitioning: a synthesis framework for catchment ecohydrology. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47:W00J03.
    • (2011) Water Resour. Res. , vol.47 , pp. W00J03
    • Thompson, S.E.1    Harman, C.J.2    Troch, P.A.3
  • 268
    • 0037367568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The JET2000 project - aircraft observations of the African easterly jet and African easterly waves
    • Thorncroft C.D., Parker D.J., Burton R.R., et al. The JET2000 project - aircraft observations of the African easterly jet and African easterly waves. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2003, 84:337-351.
    • (2003) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.84 , pp. 337-351
    • Thorncroft, C.D.1    Parker, D.J.2    Burton, R.R.3
  • 270
    • 0026268305 scopus 로고
    • Expansion and contraction of the Sahara desert from 1980 to 1990
    • Tucker C.J., Dregne H.E., Newcomb W.W. Expansion and contraction of the Sahara desert from 1980 to 1990. Science 1991, 253:299-301.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 299-301
    • Tucker, C.J.1    Dregne, H.E.2    Newcomb, W.W.3
  • 271
    • 84859342354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the role of ecohydrological feedbacks in ecosystem change in drylands
    • Turnbull L., Wilcox B.P., Belnap J., et al. Understanding the role of ecohydrological feedbacks in ecosystem change in drylands. Ecohydrology 2012, 5:174-183.
    • (2012) Ecohydrology , vol.5 , pp. 174-183
    • Turnbull, L.1    Wilcox, B.P.2    Belnap, J.3
  • 273
    • 77953345469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing land-atmosphere interaction from a regional climate model simulation over West Africa
    • van den Hurk B.J.J.M., van Meijgaard E. Diagnosing land-atmosphere interaction from a regional climate model simulation over West Africa. J. Hydrometeorol. 2010, 11:467-481.
    • (2010) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.11 , pp. 467-481
    • van den Hurk, B.J.J.M.1    van Meijgaard, E.2
  • 275
    • 70149094313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between dry-air entrainment, surface evaporation and convective boundary-layer development
    • van Heerwaarden C.C., de Arellano J.V.G., Moene A.F., Holtslag A.A.M. Interactions between dry-air entrainment, surface evaporation and convective boundary-layer development. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2009, 135:1277-1291.
    • (2009) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.135 , pp. 1277-1291
    • van Heerwaarden, C.C.1    de Arellano, J.V.G.2    Moene, A.F.3    Holtslag, A.A.M.4
  • 276
    • 21744459478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of spatial heterogeneity for catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems
    • van Nes E.H., Scheffer M. Implications of spatial heterogeneity for catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems. Ecology 2005, 86:1797-1807.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1797-1807
    • van Nes, E.H.1    Scheffer, M.2
  • 277
    • 84865179521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dryland ecohydrology and climate change: critical issues and technical advances
    • Wang L., d'Odorico P., Evans J.P., et al. Dryland ecohydrology and climate change: critical issues and technical advances. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2012, 16:2585-2603.
    • (2012) Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 2585-2603
    • Wang, L.1    d'Odorico, P.2    Evans, J.P.3
  • 278
    • 0001971680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desertification
    • Oxford University Press, W.M. Adams, A.S. Gouide, A.R. Ormer (Eds.)
    • Warren A. Desertification. The Physical Geography of Africa 1996, 342-355. Oxford University Press. W.M. Adams, A.S. Gouide, A.R. Ormer (Eds.).
    • (1996) The Physical Geography of Africa , pp. 342-355
    • Warren, A.1
  • 279
    • 77958509210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards understanding the large-scale land-atmosphere coupling in the models: Roles of different processes
    • L19707
    • Wei J., Dirmeyer P.A. Towards understanding the large-scale land-atmosphere coupling in the models: Roles of different processes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37. L19707.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Wei, J.1    Dirmeyer, P.A.2
  • 280
    • 84867529937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting soil moisture-precipitation coupling
    • Wei J.F., Dirmeyer P.A. Dissecting soil moisture-precipitation coupling. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L19711.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39 , pp. L19711
    • Wei, J.F.1    Dirmeyer, P.A.2
  • 281
    • 53749093250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivities of soil wetness simulation to uncertainties in precipitation and radiation
    • Wei J.F., Dirmeyer P.A., Guo Z.C. Sensitivities of soil wetness simulation to uncertainties in precipitation and radiation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L15703.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35 , pp. L15703
    • Wei, J.F.1    Dirmeyer, P.A.2    Guo, Z.C.3
  • 282
    • 77954350627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much do different land models matter for climate simulation? Part II: a decomposed view of land-atmosphere coupling strength
    • Wei J.F., Dirmeyer P.A., Guo Z.C. How much do different land models matter for climate simulation? Part II: a decomposed view of land-atmosphere coupling strength. J. Clim. 2010, 23:3135-3145.
    • (2010) J. Clim. , vol.23 , pp. 3135-3145
    • Wei, J.F.1    Dirmeyer, P.A.2    Guo, Z.C.3
  • 283
    • 77953044503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much do different land models matter for climate simulation? Part I: climatology and variability
    • Wei J.F., Dirmeyer P.A., Guo Z.C., Zhang L., Misra V. How much do different land models matter for climate simulation? Part I: climatology and variability. J. Clim. 2010, 23:3120-3145.
    • (2010) J. Clim. , vol.23 , pp. 3120-3145
    • Wei, J.F.1    Dirmeyer, P.A.2    Guo, Z.C.3    Zhang, L.4    Misra, V.5
  • 284
    • 2342539147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the effects of human-induced land degradation in the former homelands of northern South Africa with a 1km AVHRR NDVI time-series
    • Wessels K.J., Prince S.D., Frost P.E., van Zyl D. Assessing the effects of human-induced land degradation in the former homelands of northern South Africa with a 1km AVHRR NDVI time-series. Remote Sens. Environ. 2004, 91:47-67.
    • (2004) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.91 , pp. 47-67
    • Wessels, K.J.1    Prince, S.D.2    Frost, P.E.3    van Zyl, D.4
  • 286
    • 23944435165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-scale patterns and bush encroachment in an arid savanna with a shallow soil layer
    • Wiegand K., Ward D., Saltz D. Multi-scale patterns and bush encroachment in an arid savanna with a shallow soil layer. J. Veg. Sci. 2005, 16:311-320.
    • (2005) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 311-320
    • Wiegand, K.1    Ward, D.2    Saltz, D.3
  • 287
    • 29344472307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A patch-dynamics approach to savanna dynamics and woody plant encroachment - insights from an arid savanna
    • Wiegand K., Saltz D., Ward D. A patch-dynamics approach to savanna dynamics and woody plant encroachment - insights from an arid savanna. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2006, 7:229-242.
    • (2006) Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. , vol.7 , pp. 229-242
    • Wiegand, K.1    Saltz, D.2    Ward, D.3
  • 288
    • 77649097624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A northward shift of the North Atlantic Ocean Intertropical Convergence Zone in response to summertime Saharan dust outbreaks
    • Wilcox E.M., Lau K.M., Kim K.M. A northward shift of the North Atlantic Ocean Intertropical Convergence Zone in response to summertime Saharan dust outbreaks. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37:L04804.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37 , pp. L04804
    • Wilcox, E.M.1    Lau, K.M.2    Kim, K.M.3
  • 289
    • 84860919455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmosphere-land surface interactions and their influence on extreme rainfall and potential abrupt climate change over southern Africa
    • Williams C.J.R., Kniveton D.R. Atmosphere-land surface interactions and their influence on extreme rainfall and potential abrupt climate change over southern Africa. Clim. Chang. 2012, 112:981-996.
    • (2012) Clim. Chang. , vol.112 , pp. 981-996
    • Williams, C.J.R.1    Kniveton, D.R.2
  • 291
    • 21044451436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of deep convection over the tropical North Atlantic by the Saharan Air Layer
    • Wong S., Dessler A.E. Suppression of deep convection over the tropical North Atlantic by the Saharan Air Layer. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32:L09808.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32 , pp. L09808
    • Wong, S.1    Dessler, A.E.2
  • 292
    • 76649100426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of lower tropospheric temperature inversion in the Saharan air layer by dust and dry anomaly
    • Wong S., Dessler A.E., Mahowald N.M., Yang P., Feng Q. Maintenance of lower tropospheric temperature inversion in the Saharan air layer by dust and dry anomaly. J. Clim. 2009, 22:5149-5162.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 5149-5162
    • Wong, S.1    Dessler, A.E.2    Mahowald, N.M.3    Yang, P.4    Feng, Q.5
  • 293
    • 34347243497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Saharan air layer on hurricane peak intensity
    • Wu L. Impact of Saharan air layer on hurricane peak intensity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L09802.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34 , pp. L09802
    • Wu, L.1
  • 294
    • 33645645407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the formation of Hurricane Isabel (2003) with AIRS data
    • Wu L.G., Braun S.A., Qu J.J., Hao X.J. Simulating the formation of Hurricane Isabel (2003) with AIRS data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L04804.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , pp. L04804
    • Wu, L.G.1    Braun, S.A.2    Qu, J.J.3    Hao, X.J.4
  • 295
    • 84883483325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation of land-atmosphere coupling strength over the West African region in an atmospheric general circulation model
    • Yamada T.J., Kanae S., Oki T., Koster R.D. Seasonal variation of land-atmosphere coupling strength over the West African region in an atmospheric general circulation model. Hydrol. Sci. J. 2013, 58:1276-1296.
    • (2013) Hydrol. Sci. J. , vol.58 , pp. 1276-1296
    • Yamada, T.J.1    Kanae, S.2    Oki, T.3    Koster, R.D.4
  • 296
    • 84904530671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interplay of climate seasonality and soil moisture-rainfall feedback
    • Yin J., Porporato A., Albertson J. Interplay of climate seasonality and soil moisture-rainfall feedback. Water Resour. Res. 2014, 50:6053-6066.
    • (2014) Water Resour. Res. , vol.50 , pp. 6053-6066
    • Yin, J.1    Porporato, A.2    Albertson, J.3
  • 297
    • 34247641200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of desert dust radiative forcing on Sahel precipitation: relative importance of dust compared to sea surface temperature variations, vegetation changes, and greenhouse gas forming
    • Yoshioka M., et al. Impact of desert dust radiative forcing on Sahel precipitation: relative importance of dust compared to sea surface temperature variations, vegetation changes, and greenhouse gas forming. J. Clim. 2007, 20:1445-1467.
    • (2007) J. Clim. , vol.20 , pp. 1445-1467
    • Yoshioka, M.1
  • 298
    • 58249094025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of water table dynamics on regional climate: a case study over east Asian monsoon area
    • Yuan X., Xie Z., Zheng J., Tian X.J., Yang Z.L. Effects of water table dynamics on regional climate: a case study over east Asian monsoon area. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2008, 113:D21112.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.113 , pp. D21112
    • Yuan, X.1    Xie, Z.2    Zheng, J.3    Tian, X.J.4    Yang, Z.L.5
  • 299
    • 0034253052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of vegetation-climate interaction and interannual variability in shaping the African savanna
    • Zeng N., Neelin J.D. The role of vegetation-climate interaction and interannual variability in shaping the African savanna. J. Clim. 2000, 13:2665-2670.
    • (2000) J. Clim. , vol.13 , pp. 2665-2670
    • Zeng, N.1    Neelin, J.D.2
  • 300
    • 0033584784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of interdecadal climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction
    • Zeng N., Neelin J.D., Lau K.M., Tucker C.J. Enhancement of interdecadal climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction. Science 1999, 286:1537-1540.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1537-1540
    • Zeng, N.1    Neelin, J.D.2    Lau, K.M.3    Tucker, C.J.4
  • 301
    • 77958587199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of land-precipitation coupling strength using observations and models
    • Zeng X.B., Barlage M., Castro C., Fling K. Comparison of land-precipitation coupling strength using observations and models. J. Hydrometeorol. 2010, 11:979-994.
    • (2010) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.11 , pp. 979-994
    • Zeng, X.B.1    Barlage, M.2    Castro, C.3    Fling, K.4
  • 302
    • 77949736037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the effects of land surface heterogeneities in temperature and moisture on annual scale regional climate simulation
    • Zeng X.M., Liu J.B., Ma Z.G., Song S.A., Xi C.L., Wang H.J. Study of the effects of land surface heterogeneities in temperature and moisture on annual scale regional climate simulation. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 2010, 27:151-163.
    • (2010) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 151-163
    • Zeng, X.M.1    Liu, J.B.2    Ma, Z.G.3    Song, S.A.4    Xi, C.L.5    Wang, H.J.6
  • 303
    • 34548600082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of Saharan dust as CCN on the evolution of an idealized tropical cyclone
    • Zhang H., McFarquhar G.M., Saleeby S.M., Cotton W.R. Impacts of Saharan dust as CCN on the evolution of an idealized tropical cyclone. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L14812.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34 , pp. L14812
    • Zhang, H.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2    Saleeby, S.M.3    Cotton, W.R.4
  • 304
    • 70450189629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Saharan air layer and the fate of African easterly waves
    • Zipser E.J., Twohy C.H., Tsay S.C., et al. The Saharan air layer and the fate of African easterly waves. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2009, 90:1137-1156.
    • (2009) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.90 , pp. 1137-1156
    • Zipser, E.J.1    Twohy, C.H.2    Tsay, S.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.