메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 134, Issue 637, 2008, Pages 2173-2184

A simple model of coupled synoptic waves in the land surface and atmosphere of the northern Sahel

Author keywords

African easterly wave; Intraseasonal variability; Rossby wave

Indexed keywords

AERODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERICS; BOUNDARY LAYERS; CLIMATE CHANGE; GEOLOGIC MODELS; GROUNDWATER; HYDRODYNAMICS; LINEAR SYSTEMS; MOISTURE; MOISTURE DETERMINATION; OCEAN CURRENTS; PERMITTIVITY; SOIL MOISTURE; SOILS; SURFACE MEASUREMENT; SURFACE PROPERTIES; TROPOSPHERE; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 58049209833     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.343     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 18544382676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case study of an intense African easterly wave
    • Berry GJ, Thorncroft CD. 2005. Case study of an intense African easterly wave. Mon. Weather Rev. 133: 752-766.
    • (2005) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.133 , pp. 752-766
    • Berry, G.J.1    Thorncroft, C.D.2
  • 2
    • 84978555325 scopus 로고
    • Critical layer instability in baroclinic flows
    • Bretherton FP. 1966. Critical layer instability in baroclinic flows. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 92: 325-334.
    • (1966) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.92 , pp. 325-334
    • Bretherton, F.P.1
  • 3
    • 0002559831 scopus 로고
    • The origin and structure of easterly waves in the lower troposphere of North Africa
    • Burpee RW. 1972. The origin and structure of easterly waves in the lower troposphere of North Africa. J. Atmos. Sci. 29: 77-90.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.29 , pp. 77-90
    • Burpee, R.W.1
  • 4
    • 0029412795 scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture atmosphere interaction in a moist semigeostrophic model of baroclinic instability
    • Castelli F, Rodriguez-Iturbe I. 1995. Soil moisture atmosphere interaction in a moist semigeostrophic model of baroclinic instability. J. Atmos. Sci. 52: 2152-2159.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.52 , pp. 2152-2159
    • Castelli, F.1    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.2
  • 5
    • 0001099853 scopus 로고
    • On the stability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere
    • Charney JG, Stern ME. 1962. On the stability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 19: 159-172.
    • (1962) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.19 , pp. 159-172
    • Charney, J.G.1    Stern, M.E.2
  • 6
    • 0032835032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of the African easterly jet and its role in determining West African precipitation
    • Cook KH. 1999. Generation of the African easterly jet and its role in determining West African precipitation. J. Climate. 12: 1165-1184.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 1165-1184
    • Cook, K.H.1
  • 7
    • 0024218460 scopus 로고
    • Cumulus heating and CISK in the extratropical atmosphere. Part I: Polar lows and comma clouds
    • Craig GC, Cho H-R. 1988. Cumulus heating and CISK in the extratropical atmosphere. Part I: Polar lows and comma clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 45: 2622-2640.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.45 , pp. 2622-2640
    • Craig, G.C.1    Cho, H.-R.2
  • 8
    • 0036653782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical study of a Sahelian synoptic weather system: Initiation and mature stages of convection and its interactions with the large-scale dynamics
    • Diongue A, Lafore J-P, Redelsperger J-L, Roca R. 2002. Numerical study of a Sahelian synoptic weather system: Initiation and mature stages of convection and its interactions with the large-scale dynamics. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 128: 1899-1928.
    • (2002) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.128 , pp. 1899-1928
    • Diongue, A.1    Lafore, J.-P.2    Redelsperger, J.-L.3    Roca, R.4
  • 9
    • 0025658951 scopus 로고
    • Convection over tropical Africa and the Atlantic Ocean during northern summer. 2: Modulation by easterly waves
    • Duvel JP. 1990. Convection over tropical Africa and the Atlantic Ocean during northern summer. 2: Modulation by easterly waves. Mon. Weather Rev. 118: 1855-1868.
    • (1990) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.118 , pp. 1855-1868
    • Duvel, J.P.1
  • 10
    • 0026617516 scopus 로고
    • An adjoint method for obtaining the most rapidly growing perturbation to oceanic flows
    • Farrell BF, Moore AM. 1992. An adjoint method for obtaining the most rapidly growing perturbation to oceanic flows. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 22: 338-349.
    • (1992) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.22 , pp. 338-349
    • Farrell, B.F.1    Moore, A.M.2
  • 12
    • 84969119040 scopus 로고
    • Meteorology of Nigeria and adjacent territory
    • Hamilton RA, Archbold JW. 1945. Meteorology of Nigeria and adjacent territory. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 71: 231-264.
    • (1945) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.71 , pp. 231-264
    • Hamilton, R.A.1    Archbold, J.W.2
  • 13
    • 0022167076 scopus 로고
    • On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps
    • Hoskins BJ, McIntyre ME, Robertson RW. 1985. On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 111: 877-946.
    • (1985) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.111 , pp. 877-946
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    McIntyre, M.E.2    Robertson, R.W.3
  • 14
    • 0034744810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-seasonal modulation of convection in the West African monsoon
    • Janicot S, Sultan B. 2001. Intra-seasonal modulation of convection in the West African monsoon. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28: 523-526.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.28 , pp. 523-526
    • Janicot, S.1    Sultan, B.2
  • 15
    • 0024250630 scopus 로고
    • Analysis and numerical simulations of the Saharan air layer and its effect on easterly wave disturbances
    • Karyampudi VM, Carlson TN. 1988. Analysis and numerical simulations of the Saharan air layer and its effect on easterly wave disturbances. J. Atmos. Sci. 45: 3102-3136.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.45 , pp. 3102-3136
    • Karyampudi, V.M.1    Carlson, T.N.2
  • 17
    • 0024900579 scopus 로고
    • A re-examination of the genesis of African waves
    • Kwon HJ. 1989. A re-examination of the genesis of African waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 46: 3621-3631.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.46 , pp. 3621-3631
    • Kwon, H.J.1
  • 18
    • 0027880803 scopus 로고
    • A climatology of intense (or major) Atlantic hurricanes
    • Landsea CW. 1993. A climatology of intense (or major) Atlantic hurricanes. Mon. Weather Rev. 121: 1703-1713.
    • (1993) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.121 , pp. 1703-1713
    • Landsea, C.W.1
  • 19
    • 0037092302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between easterly waves and mesoscale convective systems over the Sahel
    • DOI: 10.1029/2001GL014371
    • Mathon V, Diedhiou A, Laurent H. 2002. Relationship between easterly waves and mesoscale convective systems over the Sahel. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29: 1216. DOI: 10.1029/2001GL014371.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.29 , pp. 1216
    • Mathon, V.1    Diedhiou, A.2    Laurent, H.3
  • 20
    • 0028794348 scopus 로고
    • Conditional convective heating in a baroclinic atmosphere: A model of convective frontogenesis
    • Parker DJ, Thorpe AJ. 1995. Conditional convective heating in a baroclinic atmosphere: a model of convective frontogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci. 52: 1699-1711.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.52 , pp. 1699-1711
    • Parker, D.J.1    Thorpe, A.J.2
  • 21
    • 0036150171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response of CAPE and CIN to tropospheric thermal variations
    • Parker DJ. 2002. The response of CAPE and CIN to tropospheric thermal variations. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 128: 119-130.
    • (2002) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.128 , pp. 119-130
    • Parker, D.J.1
  • 22
    • 0036539315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two-dimensional response of a tropical jet to propagating lines of convection
    • Parker DJ, Burton RR. 2002. The two-dimensional response of a tropical jet to propagating lines of convection. J. Atmos. Sci. 59: 1263-1273.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.59 , pp. 1263-1273
    • Parker, D.J.1    Burton, R.R.2
  • 23
    • 27644510842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the African easterly jet, using aircraft observations from the JET2000 experiment
    • Parker DJ, Thorncroft CD, Burton RR, Diongue-Niang A. 2005a. Analysis of the African easterly jet, using aircraft observations from the JET2000 experiment. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 131: 1461-1482.
    • (2005) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 1461-1482
    • Parker, D.J.1    Thorncroft, C.D.2    Burton, R.R.3    Diongue-Niang, A.4
  • 26
    • 34548154063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An idealized two-dimensional framework to study the West African monsoon. Part II: Large-scale advection and the diurnal cycle
    • Peyrillé P, Lafore J-P. 2007. An idealized two-dimensional framework to study the West African monsoon. Part II: Large-scale advection and the diurnal cycle. J. Atmos. Sci. 64: 2783-2803.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.64 , pp. 2783-2803
    • Peyrillé, P.1    Lafore, J.-P.2
  • 27
    • 0033383928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The low-level structure of African easterly waves in 1995
    • Pytharoulis I, Thorncroft CD. 1999. The low-level structure of African easterly waves in 1995. Mon. Weather Rev. 127: 2266-2280.
    • (1999) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.127 , pp. 2266-2280
    • Pytharoulis, I.1    Thorncroft, C.D.2
  • 31
    • 0001069613 scopus 로고
    • The structure and properties of African wave disturbances as observed during Phase III of GATE
    • Reed RJ, Norquist DC, Recker EE. 1977. The structure and properties of African wave disturbances as observed during Phase III of GATE. Mon. Weather Rev. 105: 317-333.
    • (1977) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.105 , pp. 317-333
    • Reed, R.J.1    Norquist, D.C.2    Recker, E.E.3
  • 32
    • 17744419474 scopus 로고
    • The generation of African waves
    • Rennick MA. 1976. The generation of African waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 33: 1955-1969.
    • (1976) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.33 , pp. 1955-1969
    • Rennick, M.A.1
  • 33
    • 0001642051 scopus 로고
    • A note on the instability of the African Easterly jet
    • Simmons AJ. 1977. A note on the instability of the African Easterly jet. J. Atmos. Sci. 34: 1670-1674.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.34 , pp. 1670-1674
    • Simmons, A.J.1
  • 34
    • 2042425280 scopus 로고
    • A minimal model of moist baroclinic instability
    • Pp, October. Am. Meteorol. Soc: Boston
    • Snyder C. 1991. 'A minimal model of moist baroclinic instability'. Pp. 221-224 in Proc. 8th AMS Conference on Waves and Stability, Denver, 14-18 October. Am. Meteorol. Soc: Boston.
    • (1991) Proc. 8th AMS Conference on Waves and Stability, Denver, 14-18 , pp. 221-224
    • Snyder, C.1
  • 35
    • 0026267254 scopus 로고
    • Quasi-geostrophic wave-CISK in an unbounded baroclinic shear
    • Snyder C, Lindzen RS. 1991. Quasi-geostrophic wave-CISK in an unbounded baroclinic shear. J. Atmos. Sci. 48: 78-86.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.48 , pp. 78-86
    • Snyder, C.1    Lindzen, R.S.2
  • 36
    • 0347146024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The West African monsoon dynamics. Part II: The 'Pre-onset' and 'Onset' of the summer monsoon
    • Sultan B, Janicot S. 2003. The West African monsoon dynamics. Part II: The 'Pre-onset' and 'Onset' of the summer monsoon. J. Climate 16: 3407-3427.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 3407-3427
    • Sultan, B.1    Janicot, S.2
  • 37
    • 0033381742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedbacks between sea ice and baroclinic waves using a linear quasi-geostrophic model
    • Tansley CE, James IN. 1999. Feedbacks between sea ice and baroclinic waves using a linear quasi-geostrophic model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 125: 2517-2534.
    • (1999) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 2517-2534
    • Tansley, C.E.1    James, I.N.2
  • 38
    • 58049194388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal land-atmosphere coupling in the West African Monsoon
    • in press
    • Taylor CM. 2008. Intraseasonal land-atmosphere coupling in the West African Monsoon. J. Climate in press.
    • (2008) J. Climate
    • Taylor, C.M.1
  • 39
    • 0035308697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal cycle and African easterly waves: A land surface perspective
    • Taylor CM, Clark DB. 2001. The diurnal cycle and African easterly waves: A land surface perspective. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 127: 845-867.
    • (2001) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.127 , pp. 845-867
    • Taylor, C.M.1    Clark, D.B.2
  • 40
    • 27644472649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of synoptic-scale land surface variability and its coupling with the atmosphere
    • Taylor CM, Parker DJ, Lloyd CR, Thorncroft CD. 2005. Observations of synoptic-scale land surface variability and its coupling with the atmosphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 131: 913-938.
    • (2005) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 913-938
    • Taylor, C.M.1    Parker, D.J.2    Lloyd, C.R.3    Thorncroft, C.D.4
  • 42
    • 0000846937 scopus 로고
    • The mean dynamic and thermodynamic fields for July 1989 over tropical North Africa and their relationship to convective storm activity
    • Thorncroft CD, Haile M. 1995. The mean dynamic and thermodynamic fields for July 1989 over tropical North Africa and their relationship to convective storm activity. Mon. Weather Rev. 123: 3016-3031.
    • (1995) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.123 , pp. 3016-3031
    • Thorncroft, C.D.1    Haile, M.2
  • 44
    • 0028594682 scopus 로고
    • An idealized study of African easterly waves. I: A linear view
    • Thorncroft CD, Hoskins BJ. 1994a. An idealized study of African easterly waves. I: A linear view. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 120: 953-982.
    • (1994) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.120 , pp. 953-982
    • Thorncroft, C.D.1    Hoskins, B.J.2
  • 45
    • 0028582470 scopus 로고
    • An idealised study of African easterly waves. II: A nonlinear view
    • Thorncroft CD, Hoskins BJ. 1994b. An idealised study of African easterly waves. II: A nonlinear view. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 120: 983-1015.
    • (1994) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc , vol.120 , pp. 983-1015
    • Thorncroft, C.D.1    Hoskins, B.J.2
  • 46
    • 58049118029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional structure and dynamics of African easterly waves. Part III: Genesis
    • in press
    • Thorncroft CD, Hall NMJ, Kiladis GN. 2008. Three-dimensional structure and dynamics of African easterly waves. Part III: Genesis. J. Atmos. Sci. in press.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci
    • Thorncroft, C.D.1    Hall, N.M.J.2    Kiladis, G.N.3
  • 47
    • 0030615665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil evaporation from tiger bush in south west Niger
    • Wallace JS, Holwill CJ. 1997. Soil evaporation from tiger bush in south west Niger. J. Hydrol. 189: 426-442.
    • (1997) J. Hydrol , vol.189 , pp. 426-442
    • Wallace, J.S.1    Holwill, C.J.2
  • 48
    • 0027843040 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the conditional instability of the tropical atmosphere
    • Williams E, Renno N. 1993. An analysis of the conditional instability of the tropical atmosphere. Mon. Weather Rev. 121: 21-36.
    • (1993) Mon. Weather Rev , vol.121 , pp. 21-36
    • Williams, E.1    Renno, N.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.