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13044276361
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note
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The solutions of Eqs. 4 and 5 for the oscillation amplitude and phase shift φ relative to the forcing for P′ are (Formula Presented) For conditions on the approximations in Eq. 5, see (27). The coupling coefficients α and μ are positive and αμ < 1 so that the positive feedbacks do not become unstable. In Fig. 3, αμ = 0.5.
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33
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13044312230
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note
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Supported by NSF grant ATM-9521389, NOAA grant NA86GP0314, and a grant to N.Z. from the NASA IPA program. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, K. Hales for help with the rainfall data, M. Cisse for processing the normalized difference vegetation index data, and V. Nelson for editorial assistance.
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