메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 79, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 815-829

Desertification, Drought, and Surface Vegetation: An Example from the West African Sahel

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DESERTIFICATION; DROUGHT; VEGETATION;

EID: 0031720559     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0815:DDASVA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (472)

References (87)
  • 3
    • 0000209366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raising dust in the greenhouse
    • Andreae, M. O., 1996: Raising dust in the greenhouse. Nature, 380, 389-390.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 389-390
    • Andreae, M.O.1
  • 4
    • 0021640671 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of convective precipitation by mesoscale variations in vegetative covering in semiarid regions
    • Anthes, R., 1984: Enhancement of convective precipitation by mesoscale variations in vegetative covering in semiarid regions. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 541-554.
    • (1984) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.23 , pp. 541-554
    • Anthes, R.1
  • 5
    • 0001371584 scopus 로고
    • Estimating absorbed photosynthetic radiation and leaf area index from spectral reflectance in wheat
    • Asrar, G., M. Fuchs, E. T. Kanemasu, and J. L. Hatfield, 1984: Estimating absorbed photosynthetic radiation and leaf area index from spectral reflectance in wheat. Agron. J., 76, 300-306.
    • (1984) Agron. J. , vol.76 , pp. 300-306
    • Asrar, G.1    Fuchs, M.2    Kanemasu, E.T.3    Hatfield, J.L.4
  • 6
    • 0024920939 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of heterogeneous land surface for atmospheric numerical models and its impact on regional meteorology
    • Avissar, R., and R. A. Pielke, 1989: A parameterization of heterogeneous land surface for atmospheric numerical models and its impact on regional meteorology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2113-2136.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 2113-2136
    • Avissar, R.1    Pielke, R.A.2
  • 7
    • 0028883016 scopus 로고
    • Satellite-derived interannual variability of West African rainfall during 1983-1988
    • Ba, M. B., R. Frouin, and S. E. Nicholson, 1995: Satellite-derived interannual variability of West African rainfall during 1983-1988. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 411-431.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.34 , pp. 411-431
    • Ba, M.B.1    Frouin, R.2    Nicholson, S.E.3
  • 8
    • 0002304065 scopus 로고
    • The climatic impact of Sonoran vegetation discontinuity
    • Balling, R. C., Jr., 1988: The climatic impact of Sonoran vegetation discontinuity. Climate Change, 13, 99-109.
    • (1988) Climate Change , vol.13 , pp. 99-109
    • Balling R.C., Jr.1
  • 9
    • 0021561166 scopus 로고
    • The effect of irrigation on warm season precipitation in the southern Great Plains
    • Barnston, A. G., and P. T. Schickedanz, 1984: The effect of irrigation on warm season precipitation in the southern Great Plains. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 865-888.
    • (1984) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.23 , pp. 865-888
    • Barnston, A.G.1    Schickedanz, P.T.2
  • 10
    • 0003594150 scopus 로고
    • The encroachment of the Sahara on the Sudan
    • Bovill, E. W., 1921: The encroachment of the Sahara on the Sudan. J. African Soc.
    • (1921) J. African Soc.
    • Bovill, E.W.1
  • 11
    • 0026614561 scopus 로고
    • Radiometric calibration and monitoring of NOAA/AVHRR data for ISCCP
    • Brest, C. L., and W. B. Rossow, 1992: Radiometric calibration and monitoring of NOAA/AVHRR data for ISCCP. Int. J. Remote Sens., 13, 235-273.
    • (1992) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.13 , pp. 235-273
    • Brest, C.L.1    Rossow, W.B.2
  • 12
    • 0027833834 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of continental precipitation recycling
    • Brubaker, K., D. Entekhabi, and P. Eagleson, 1993: Estimation of continental precipitation recycling. J. Climate, 6, 1077-1089.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1077-1089
    • Brubaker, K.1    Entekhabi, D.2    Eagleson, P.3
  • 14
    • 84981566015 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of deserts and drought in Sahel
    • Charney, J. G., 1975: Dynamics of deserts and drought in Sahel. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 101, 193-202.
    • (1975) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.101 , pp. 193-202
    • Charney, J.G.1
  • 15
    • 0000351814 scopus 로고
    • Drought in the Sahara: A biogeophysical feedback mechanism
    • _, P. H. Stone, and W.J. Quirk, 1975: Drought in the Sahara: A biogeophysical feedback mechanism. Science, 187, 434-435.
    • (1975) Science , vol.187 , pp. 434-435
    • Stone, P.H.1    Quirk, W.J.2
  • 16
    • 0017538212 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of the effects of albedo change on drought in semi-arid regions
    • _, W. J. Quirk, S. H. Chow, and J. Kornfield, 1977: A comparative study of the effects of albedo change on drought in semi-arid regions. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1366-1385.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 1366-1385
    • Quirk, W.J.1    Chow, S.H.2    Kornfield, J.3
  • 18
    • 0021614153 scopus 로고
    • Surface albedo and the Sahel drought
    • Courel, M., R. Kandel, and S. Rasool, 1984: Surface albedo and the Sahel drought. Nature, 307, 528-538.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.307 , pp. 528-538
    • Courel, M.1    Kandel, R.2    Rasool, S.3
  • 19
    • 0023520427 scopus 로고
    • Satellite estimation of solar irradiance at the surface of the earth and of surface albedo using a physical model applied to Meteosat
    • Dedieu, G., P. Y. Deschamps, and Y. H. Kerr, 1987: Satellite estimation of solar irradiance at the surface of the earth and of surface albedo using a physical model applied to Meteosat. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 79-87.
    • (1987) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.26 , pp. 79-87
    • Dedieu, G.1    Deschamps, P.Y.2    Kerr, Y.H.3
  • 20
    • 0027843927 scopus 로고
    • Normalization and calibration of geostationary satellite radiances for the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
    • Desormeaux, Y., W. B. Rossow, C. L. Brest, and G. G. Campbell, 1993: Normalization and calibration of geostationary satellite radiances for the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 304-325.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.10 , pp. 304-325
    • Desormeaux, Y.1    Rossow, W.B.2    Brest, C.L.3    Campbell, G.G.4
  • 21
    • 0020568450 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of major dry and wet periods in the contiguous United States, 1895-1981
    • Diaz, H., 1983: Some aspects of major dry and wet periods in the contiguous United States, 1895-1981. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 3-16.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.22 , pp. 3-16
    • Diaz, H.1
  • 22
    • 1542393511 scopus 로고
    • The response of climate to subtropical desertification in a GCM with idealized topography
    • Nashville, TN, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Dinneyer, P. A., and J. Shukla, 1994: The response of climate to subtropical desertification in a GCM with idealized topography. Proc. Sixth Conf. on Climate Variations, Nashville, TN, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 37-40.
    • (1994) Proc. Sixth Conf. on Climate Variations , pp. 37-40
    • Dinneyer, P.A.1    Shukla, J.2
  • 23
    • 0028573807 scopus 로고
    • Albedo as a modulator of climate response to tropical deforestation
    • _, and _, 1994b: Albedo as a modulator of climate response to tropical deforestation. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20 863-20 877.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 20863-20877
  • 24
    • 0029667205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect on regional and global climate of expansion of the world's deserts
    • _, and _, 1996: The effect on regional and global climate of expansion of the world's deserts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 451-482.
    • (1996) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.122 , pp. 451-482
  • 25
    • 0000367686 scopus 로고
    • Variability in large-scale water balance with a land surface-atmosphere interaction
    • Entekhabi, D., I. Rodriguez-Iturbe, and R. Bras, 1992: Variability in large-scale water balance with a land surface-atmosphere interaction. J. Climate, 5, 798-813.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 798-813
    • Entekhabi, D.1    Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.2    Bras, R.3
  • 26
    • 0023499096 scopus 로고
    • Observations of Saharan aerosols: Results of ECLATS field experiment. Part E. Broad-band radiative characteristics of the aerosols and vertical radiative flux divergence
    • Fouquart, Y., B. Bonnell, G. Brogniez, J. C. Buriez, L. Smith, J. J. Morcrette, and A. Cerf, 1987: Observations of Saharan aerosols: Results of ECLATS field experiment. Part E. Broad-band radiative characteristics of the aerosols and vertical radiative flux divergence. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 38-52.
    • (1987) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.26 , pp. 38-52
    • Fouquart, Y.1    Bonnell, B.2    Brogniez, G.3    Buriez, J.C.4    Smith, L.5    Morcrette, J.J.6    Cerf, A.7
  • 27
    • 0022244158 scopus 로고
    • A survey of anthropogenic vegetation changes in West Africa during the last century - Climatic implications
    • Gornitz, V., 1985: A survey of anthropogenic vegetation changes in West Africa during the last century - Climatic implications. Climate Change, 7, 285-325.
    • (1985) Climate Change , vol.7 , pp. 285-325
    • Gornitz, V.1
  • 28
    • 0026363398 scopus 로고
    • Desertification: A tale of two feedbacks
    • H. A. Mooney et al., Eds., Wiley
    • Graetz, R. D., 1991: Desertification: A tale of two feedbacks. Ecosystem Experiments, H. A. Mooney et al., Eds., Wiley, 59-87.
    • (1991) Ecosystem Experiments , pp. 59-87
    • Graetz, R.D.1
  • 29
    • 0031060950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the use of NDVI for estimating rainfall fields in the Kalahari of Botswana
    • Grist, J., S. E. Nicholson, and A. Mpolokang, 1996: On the use of NDVI for estimating rainfall fields in the Kalahari of Botswana. J. Arid Environ., 35, 195-214.
    • (1996) J. Arid Environ. , vol.35 , pp. 195-214
    • Grist, J.1    Nicholson, S.E.2    Mpolokang, A.3
  • 30
    • 0029477143 scopus 로고
    • The enhanced NOAA global land dataset from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
    • Gutman, G., D. Tarpley, A. Ignatov, and S. Olson, 1995: The enhanced NOAA global land dataset from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 1141-1156.
    • (1995) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.76 , pp. 1141-1156
    • Gutman, G.1    Tarpley, D.2    Ignatov, A.3    Olson, S.4
  • 32
    • 0026287097 scopus 로고
    • Desertification - Time for an assessment?
    • _, 1991: Desertification - Time for an assessment? Ambio, 20, 372-383.
    • (1991) Ambio , vol.20 , pp. 372-383
  • 33
    • 0022927215 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of maximum-value composite images from temporal AVHRR data
    • Holben, B. N., 1986: Characteristics of maximum-value composite images from temporal AVHRR data. Int. J. Remote Sens., 7, 1395-1416.
    • (1986) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.7 , pp. 1395-1416
    • Holben, B.N.1
  • 34
    • 0022173670 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the phenology of global vegetation using meteorological satellite data
    • Justice, C. O., J. R. G. Townshend, B. N. Holben, and C. J. Tucker, 1985: Analysis of the phenology of global vegetation using meteorological satellite data. Int. J. Remote Sens., 6, 1271-1318.
    • (1985) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.6 , pp. 1271-1318
    • Justice, C.O.1    Townshend, J.R.G.2    Holben, B.N.3    Tucker, C.J.4
  • 35
    • 0020968307 scopus 로고
    • Some spatial characteristics of drought in the United States
    • Karl, T., 1983: Some spatial characteristics of drought in the United States. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1356-1366.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.22 , pp. 1356-1366
    • Karl, T.1
  • 36
    • 0029500220 scopus 로고
    • Drought of the late 1980s in the United States as derived from NOAA polar orbiting satellite data
    • Kogan, F., 1995: Drought of the late 1980s in the United States as derived from NOAA polar orbiting satellite data. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 655-668.
    • (1995) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.76 , pp. 655-668
    • Kogan, F.1
  • 37
    • 84979324349 scopus 로고
    • Secular changes of tropical rainfall regimes
    • Kraus, E. B., 1955: Secular changes of tropical rainfall regimes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 81, 138-210.
    • (1955) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.81 , pp. 138-210
    • Kraus, E.B.1
  • 39
    • 0028553912 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting conditions of surface water balance in wet years and dry years as a possible land surface-atmosphere feedback mechanism in the West African Sahel
    • Lare, A. R., and S. E. Nicholson, 1994: Contrasting conditions of surface water balance in wet years and dry years as a possible land surface-atmosphere feedback mechanism in the West African Sahel. J. Climate, 7, 653-668.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 653-668
    • Lare, A.R.1    Nicholson, S.E.2
  • 40
    • 0029775275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominance of mineral dust in aerosol light scattering in the North Atlantic trade winds
    • Li, X., H. Mating, D. Savoie, K. Voss, and J. J. Prospero, 1996: Dominance of mineral dust in aerosol light scattering in the North Atlantic trade winds. Nature. 380, 416-419.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 416-419
    • Li, X.1    Mating, H.2    Savoie, D.3    Voss, K.4    Prospero, J.J.5
  • 41
    • 0029529214 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of land-ocean circulations, precipitation, and soil moisture to perturbed land surface albedo
    • Lofgren, B. M., 1995a: Sensitivity of land-ocean circulations, precipitation, and soil moisture to perturbed land surface albedo. J. Climate, 8, 2521-2542.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 2521-2542
    • Lofgren, B.M.1
  • 42
    • 0029479517 scopus 로고
    • Surface albedo-climate feedback simulated using two-way coupling
    • _, 1995b: Surface albedo-climate feedback simulated using two-way coupling. J. Climate, 8, 2543-2562.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 2543-2562
  • 43
    • 0027788687 scopus 로고
    • Calibration adjustment of the NOAA-AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index without recourse to channel 1 and 2 data
    • Los, S. O., 1993: Calibration adjustment of the NOAA-AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index without recourse to channel 1 and 2 data. Int. J. Remote Sens., 14, 1907-1917.
    • (1993) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.14 , pp. 1907-1917
    • Los, S.O.1
  • 45
    • 0025252599 scopus 로고
    • A study of rainfall and vegetation dynamics in the African Sahel using normalized difference vegetation index
    • Malo, A. R., and S. E. Nicholson, 1990: A study of rainfall and vegetation dynamics in the African Sahel using normalized difference vegetation index. J. Arid Environ., 19, 1-24.
    • (1990) J. Arid Environ. , vol.19 , pp. 1-24
    • Malo, A.R.1    Nicholson, S.E.2
  • 46
    • 0022832616 scopus 로고
    • The spatial coherence of African rainfall anomalies: Interhemispheric teleconnections
    • Nicholson, S. E., 1986: The spatial coherence of African rainfall anomalies: Interhemispheric teleconnections. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 1365-1381.
    • (1986) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.25 , pp. 1365-1381
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 47
    • 0024193371 scopus 로고
    • Land surface-atmosphere interaction: Physical processes and surface changes and their impact
    • _, 1988: Land surface-atmosphere interaction: Physical processes and surface changes and their impact. Progr. Phys. Geogr., 12, 36-65.
    • (1988) Progr. Phys. Geogr. , vol.12 , pp. 36-65
  • 48
    • 85034482054 scopus 로고
    • The need for a reappraisal of the question of large-scale desertification: Some arguments based on consideration of rainfall fluctuations
    • December 1990, Lund, Sweden
    • _, 1990: The need for a reappraisal of the question of large-scale desertification: Some arguments based on consideration of rainfall fluctuations. Report of the SAREC-Lund International Meeting on Desertification, December 1990, Lund, Sweden, 14 pp.
    • (1990) Report of the SAREC-Lund International Meeting on Desertification , pp. 14
  • 49
    • 0027869189 scopus 로고
    • An overview of African rainfall fluctuations of the last decade
    • _, 1993: An overview of African rainfall fluctuations of the last decade. J. Climate, 6, 1463-1466.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1463-1466
  • 50
    • 0142163221 scopus 로고
    • Desertification
    • S. H. Schneider, Ed., Simon and Schuster
    • _, 1994a: Desertification. Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, S. H. Schneider, Ed., Simon and Schuster, 239-242.
    • (1994) Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather , pp. 239-242
  • 51
    • 1542603105 scopus 로고
    • On the use of the normalized difference vegetation index as an indicator of rainfall
    • NATO ASI Series 1, Springer
    • _, 1994b: On the use of the normalized difference vegetation index as an indicator of rainfall. Global Precipitations and Climate Change, NATO ASI Series 1, Vol. 26, Springer, 293-306.
    • (1994) Global Precipitations and Climate Change , vol.26 , pp. 293-306
  • 52
    • 85034475214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical-biotic interface in arid and semi-arid systems
    • T. W. Hoekstra and M. Shachak, Eds., University of Illinois Press, in press
    • _, 1997: The physical-biotic interface in arid and semi-arid systems. Arid Lands Management - Towards Ecological Sustainability, T. W. Hoekstra and M. Shachak, Eds., University of Illinois Press, in press.
    • (1997) Arid Lands Management - Towards Ecological Sustainability
  • 53
    • 0028534079 scopus 로고
    • The influence of soil type on the response between NDVI, rainfall and soil moisture in semi-arid Botswana. Part I. Response to rainfall
    • _, and T. J. Farrar, 1994: The influence of soil type on the response between NDVI, rainfall and soil moisture in semi-arid Botswana. Part I. Response to rainfall. Remote Sens. Environ., 50, 107-120.
    • (1994) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.50 , pp. 107-120
    • Farrar, T.J.1
  • 54
    • 34249955799 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the vegetation response to rainfall in the Sahel and East Africa, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index from NOAA AVHRR
    • _, M. L. Davenport, and A. R. Malo, 1990: A comparison of the vegetation response to rainfall in the Sahel and East Africa, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index from NOAA AVHRR. Climate Change, 17, 209-241.
    • (1990) Climate Change , vol.17 , pp. 209-241
    • Davenport, M.L.1    Malo, A.R.2
  • 55
    • 0001575643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall in the Sahel during 1994
    • _, M. B. Ba, and J. Y. Kim, 1996: Rainfall in the Sahel during 1994. J. Climate, 9, 1673-1676.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 1673-1676
    • Ba, M.B.1    Kim, J.Y.2
  • 56
    • 0022233136 scopus 로고
    • Desert ecosystem structure and function
    • Hot Deserts and Arid Shrublands, M. Evenari, I. Noy-Meir, and D. W. Goodall, Eds., Elsevier
    • Noy-Meir, I., 1985: Desert ecosystem structure and function. Hot Deserts and Arid Shrublands, M. Evenari, I. Noy-Meir, and D. W. Goodall, Eds., Ecosystems of the World, Vol. 12A, Elsevier, 93-103.
    • (1985) Ecosystems of the World , vol.12 A , pp. 93-103
    • Noy-Meir, I.1
  • 57
    • 0031395482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal and seasonal cycles of desert dust over Africa north of the equator
    • N'Tchayi Mbourou, G., J. J. Bertrand, and S. E. Nicholson, 1997: The diurnal and seasonal cycles of desert dust over Africa north of the equator. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 868-882.
    • (1997) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.36 , pp. 868-882
    • N'Tchayi Mbourou, G.1    Bertrand, J.J.2    Nicholson, S.E.3
  • 58
    • 0004011034 scopus 로고
    • Lunds Universitets Geografiska Institution Avhandlingar, XCVIII
    • Olsson, L., 1985: An integrated study of desertification. Lunds Universitets Geografiska Institution Avhandlingar, XCVIII.
    • (1985) An Integrated Study of Desertification
    • Olsson, L.1
  • 59
    • 37049252975 scopus 로고
    • Baring high-albedo soils by overgrazing: A hypothesized desertification mechanism
    • Otterman, J., 1974: Baring high-albedo soils by overgrazing: A hypothesized desertification mechanism. Science, 186, 531-533.
    • (1974) Science , vol.186 , pp. 531-533
    • Otterman, J.1
  • 60
    • 0345134485 scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic impact on the albedo of the Earth
    • _, 1977: Anthropogenic impact on the albedo of the Earth. Climate Change, 1, 137-157.
    • (1977) Climate Change , vol.1 , pp. 137-157
  • 61
    • 0019367775 scopus 로고
    • Satellite and field studies of man's impact on the surface in arid regions
    • _, 1981: Satellite and field studies of man's impact on the surface in arid regions. Tellus, 33, 68-77.
    • (1981) Tellus , vol.33 , pp. 68-77
  • 62
    • 0022202796 scopus 로고
    • Satellite measurements of surface albedo and temperatures in semi-desert
    • _, and C. J. Tucker, 1985: Satellite measurements of surface albedo and temperatures in semi-desert. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, 228-234.
    • (1985) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.24 , pp. 228-234
    • Tucker, C.J.1
  • 63
    • 0026359477 scopus 로고
    • A model of regional primary production for use with coarse resolution satellite data
    • Prince, S. D., 1991: A model of regional primary production for use with coarse resolution satellite data. Int. J. Remote Sens., 12, 1313-1330.
    • (1991) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.12 , pp. 1313-1330
    • Prince, S.D.1
  • 64
    • 0022923879 scopus 로고
    • Satellite remote sensing of range-lands in Botswana. II. Landsat MSS and herbaceous vegetation
    • _, and W. L. Astle, 1986: Satellite remote sensing of range-lands in Botswana. II. Landsat MSS and herbaceous vegetation. Int. J. Remote Sens., 7, 1533-1553.
    • (1986) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.7 , pp. 1533-1553
    • Astle, W.L.1
  • 65
    • 1542603106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desertification of the Sahel? Evidence from remotely sensed rain-use efficiencies
    • in press
    • _, E. Brown de Colstoun, and L. L. Kravitz, 1998: Desertification of the Sahel? Evidence from remotely sensed rain-use efficiencies. Global Change Biol., in press.
    • (1998) Global Change Biol.
    • Brown de Colstoun, E.1    Kravitz, L.L.2
  • 66
    • 0028876647 scopus 로고
    • Desertification: Stress beyond resilience, exploring a unifying process structure
    • Puigdefabregas, J., 1995: Desertification: Stress beyond resilience, exploring a unifying process structure. Ambio, 24, 311-313.
    • (1995) Ambio , vol.24 , pp. 311-313
    • Puigdefabregas, J.1
  • 69
    • 0000246255 scopus 로고
    • The encroaching Sahara
    • Stebbing, E. P., 1935: The encroaching Sahara. Geogr. J., 96, 509-510.
    • (1935) Geogr. J. , vol.96 , pp. 509-510
    • Stebbing, E.P.1
  • 70
    • 0020454266 scopus 로고
    • A study of the influence of surface albedo on July circulation in semiarid regions using the GLASS GCM
    • Sud, Y. C., and M. J. Fennessy, 1982: A study of the influence of surface albedo on July circulation in semiarid regions using the GLASS GCM. J. Climatol., 2, 105-125.
    • (1982) J. Climatol. , vol.2 , pp. 105-125
    • Sud, Y.C.1    Fennessy, M.J.2
  • 71
    • 0021537722 scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of the influence of evaporation in semiarid regions on the July circulation
    • _, and _, 1984: A numerical study of the influence of evaporation in semiarid regions on the July circulation. J. Climatol., 4, 383-398.
    • (1984) J. Climatol. , vol.4 , pp. 383-398
  • 72
    • 0022165106 scopus 로고
    • Influence of local land-surface processes on the Indian monsoon: A numerical study
    • _, and W. E. Smith, 1985: Influence of local land-surface processes on the Indian monsoon: A numerical study. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, 1015-1036.
    • (1985) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.24 , pp. 1015-1036
    • Smith, W.E.1
  • 73
    • 0024192592 scopus 로고
    • A GCM simulation study of the influence of Saharan evapotranspiration and surface-albedo anomalies on July circulation and rainfall
    • _, and A. Molod, 1988: A GCM simulation study of the influence of Saharan evapotranspiration and surface-albedo anomalies on July circulation and rainfall. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2388-2400.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 2388-2400
    • Molod, A.1
  • 74
    • 0028558088 scopus 로고
    • Modeling of mineral dust in the atmosphere: Sources, transport, and optical thickness
    • Tegen, I., and I. Fung, 1994: Modeling of mineral dust in the atmosphere: Sources, transport, and optical thickness. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22 897-22 914.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 22897-22914
    • Tegen, I.1    Fung, I.2
  • 75
    • 0029536205 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land surface modification
    • _, and _, 1995: Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land surface modification. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18 707-18 726.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 18707-18726
  • 76
    • 1542603104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils on the global radiation budget
    • _, A. A. Lacis, and I. Fung, 1996: The influence of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils on the global radiation budget. Nature, 380, 419-422.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 419-422
    • Lacis, A.A.1    Fung, I.2
  • 78
    • 0022927223 scopus 로고
    • Satellite remote sensing of primary production
    • Tucker, C. J., and P. J. Sellers, 1986: Satellite remote sensing of primary production. Int. J. Remote Sens., 7, 1395-1416.
    • (1986) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.7 , pp. 1395-1416
    • Tucker, C.J.1    Sellers, P.J.2
  • 79
    • 1542393512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale Saharan-Sahelian vegetation variations from 1980 to 1996 derived from ground precipitation and NOAA satellite data
    • submitted
    • _, and S. E. Nicholson, 1997: Large-scale Saharan-Sahelian vegetation variations from 1980 to 1996 derived from ground precipitation and NOAA satellite data. Science, submitted.
    • (1997) Science
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 80
    • 0026268305 scopus 로고
    • Expansion and contraction of the Sahara desert from 1980 to 1990
    • _, H. E. Dregne, and W. W. Newcomb, 1991: Expansion and contraction of the Sahara desert from 1980 to 1990. Science, 253, 299-301.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 299-301
    • Dregne, H.E.1    Newcomb, W.W.2
  • 81
    • 0028564304 scopus 로고
    • AVHRR data sets for determination of desert spatial extent
    • _, W. W. Newcomb, and H. C. Dregne, 1994: AVHRR data sets for determination of desert spatial extent. Int. J. Remote Sens., 15, 3547-3566.
    • (1994) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.15 , pp. 3547-3566
    • Newcomb, W.W.1    Dregne, H.C.2
  • 83
    • 0029211181 scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric aerosol perturbing effect on remote sensing of vegetation: Operational method for the correction of AVHRR composite NDVI
    • Vermote, E. F., and N. Z. El Saleous, 1994: Stratospheric aerosol perturbing effect on remote sensing of vegetation: Operational method for the correction of AVHRR composite NDVI. SPIE Atmospheric Sens. and Modeling, 2311, 19-29.
    • (1994) SPIE Atmospheric Sens. and Modeling , vol.2311 , pp. 19-29
    • Vermote, E.F.1    El Saleous, N.Z.2
  • 84
    • 0022825844 scopus 로고
    • Defining desertification: A review
    • Verstraete, M. M. 1986: Defining desertification: A review. Climate Change, 9, 5-18.
    • (1986) Climate Change , vol.9 , pp. 5-18
    • Verstraete, M.M.1
  • 85
    • 0001971680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desertification
    • W. M. Adams, A. S. Goudie, and A. R. Orme, Eds., Oxford University Press
    • Warren, A., 1996: Desertification. The Physical Geography of Africa, W. M. Adams, A. S. Goudie, and A. R. Orme, Eds., Oxford University Press, 342-355.
    • (1996) The Physical Geography of Africa , pp. 342-355
    • Warren, A.1
  • 86
    • 0020924489 scopus 로고
    • On the desertification in the Sahel zone. Part 1. Ground observations
    • Wendler, G., and F. Eaton, 1983: On the desertification in the Sahel zone. Part 1. Ground observations. Climate Change, 5, 365-380.
    • (1983) Climate Change , vol.5 , pp. 365-380
    • Wendler, G.1    Eaton, F.2
  • 87
    • 0027795694 scopus 로고
    • The influence of land surface properties on Sahel climate: Part I. Desertification
    • Xue, Y., and J. Shukla, 1993: The influence of land surface properties on Sahel climate: Part I. Desertification. J. Climate, 6, 2232-2245.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 2232-2245
    • Xue, Y.1    Shukla, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.