Assessing the moderating effect of gender differences and individualism-collectivism at individual-level on the adoption of mobile commerce technology: TAM3 perspective

Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services

Volumn 22, Issue , 2015, Pages 37-52

  Faqih, Khaled M S ^a   Jaradat, Mohammed Issa Riad Mousa ^a  

^a AL AL BAYT UNIVERSITY   (Jordan)

Author keywords

Gender; Image; Individualism collectivism at individual level (ICAIL); Mobile commerce (m commerce); Technology acceptance model3 (TAM3)

Indexed keywords

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE; GENDER; INDIVIDUALISM; MOBILE COMMUNICATION; PERCEPTION; RETAILING; TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION;

JORDAN;

EID: 84919458970     PISSN: 09696989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.09.006     Document Type: Article

References (143)

1. Abu-Shanab E., Ghaleb O. Adoption of Mobile Commerce Technology: An Involvement of Trust and Risk Concerns. International Journal of Technology Diffusion 2012, 3(2):36-49.
2. Agarwala T. Factors influencing career choice of management students in India. Career Dev. Int. 2008, 13(4):362-376.
3. Ahuja M.K., Chudoba K.M., Kacmar C.J., McKnight D.H., George J.F. IT road warriors: balancing work-familyconflict, job autonomy, and work overload to mitigate turnover intentions. MIS Q. 2007, 31(1):1-17.
4. Akour I., Alshare K, Miller D., Dwairi M. An exploratory analysis of culture, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and internet acceptance: the case of Jordan. J. Internet Comm. 2006, 5(3):83-106.
5. AlHinai Y.S., Kurnia S., Johnston R.B. Adoption of mobile, commerce services by individuals: a meta-analysis of the literature. In: Sixth International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (ICMB 2007) 2007, 62. IEEE Computer Society, Toronto, ON, Canada.
6. Alksasbeh, M.Z.S. Integrating Mobile Technology Quality Service, Trust and Cultural Factors Into Technology Acceptance of Mobile Learning: A Case of the Jordan Higher Education Institution (Doctoral Dissertation. University Utara Malaysia, 2012.
7. Al-Louzi B., Iss B. Factors influencing customer acceptance of m-commerce services in Jordan. J. Commun. Comput. 2011, 9:1424-1436.
8. Al-Najjar, Ghassan M. Mobile Information Systems: An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Mobile Commerce Acceptance in Jordan. Ph.D. Thesis. University Utara Malaysia, 2012.
9. Al-Omoush K.S., Shaqrah A.A. An empirical study of household Internet continuance adoption among Jordanian users. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur. 2010, 10(1):32-44.
10. Al-Smadi M.O. Factors affecting adoption of electronic banking: an analysis of the perspectives of bank' customers. Int. J. Bus. Soc. Sci. 2012, 3(17):294-309.
11. Au N., Ngai E., Cheng T. Extending the understanding of end user information systems satisfaction formation: an equitable needs fulfillment model approach. MIS Q. 2008, 32(1):43-66.
12. Bigne E., Ruiz C., Sanz S. The impact of internet user shopping patterns and demographics on consumer mobile buying behaviour. J. Electron. Comm. Res. 2005, 6(3):193-209.
13. Campbell D.T. Recommendations for APA test standards regarding construct, trait, or discriminant validity. Am. Psychol. 1960, 15:546-553.
14. Chan S.C., Lu M.T. Understanding internet banking adoption and use behaviour: a Hong Kong perspective. J. Global Inf. Manage. 2004, 12(3):12-43.
15. Chang M.K., Cheung W., Lai V.S. Literature derived reference models for the adoption of online shopping. Inf. Manage. 2005, 42(4):543-559.
16. Chau Y.K., Hu J.H. Information technology acceptance by individual professionals: a model comparison approach. Decis. Sci. 2001, 32(4):699-719.
17. Chen K., Chen J.V., Yen D.C. Dimensions of self-efficacy in the study of smartphone acceptance. Comput. Stand. Interfaces 2011, 33(4):422-431.
18. Cheung C.M., Lee M.K. Exploring the gender differences in student acceptence of an internet-based learning medium. Technology Acceptance in Education 2011, 183-199. SensePublishers, Netherlands.
19. Chin W.W., Marcolin B.L., Newsted P.R. A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Inf. Syst. Res. 2003, 14(2):189-217.
20. Chiu Y.B., Lin C.P., Tang L.L. Gender differs: assessing a model of online purchase intentions in e-tail service. Int. J. Serv. Ind. Manage. 2005, 16(5):416-435.
21. Choi Y.K., Hwang J.S., McMillan S.J. Gearing up for mobile advertising: a cross cultural examination of key factors that drive mobile messages home to consumers. Psychol. Mark. 2008, 25(8):756-768.
22. Chong A.Y.L. A two-staged SEM-neural network approach for understanding and predicting the determinants of m-commerce adoption. Expert Syst. Appl. 2013, 40(4):1240-1247.
23. Chong A., Chan F., Ooi K-B. Predicting consumer decisions to adopt mobile commerce: Cross country empirical examination between China and Malaysia. Decision Support Systems 2012, 53(1):34-43.
24. Clemes M.D., Gan C., Zhang J. An empirical analysis of online shopping adoption in Beijing, China. J. Retail. Consum. Serv. 2014, 21(3):364-375.
25. Cleveland M., Laroche M. Acculturation to the global consumer culture: scale development and research paradigm. J. Bus. Res. 2007, 60:249-259.
26. Crabbe M., Standing C., Standing S., Karjaluoto H. An adoption model for mobile banking in Ghana. Int. J. Mob. Commun. 2009, 7(5):515-543.
27. Daniel F. Diversity as technology: a new perspective. J. Divers. Manage. (JDM) 2011, 6(2):31-40.
28. Davis F.D. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Q. 1989, 13(3):319-340.
29. Davis F.D., Bagozzi R.P., Warshaw P.R. User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models. Manage. Sci. 1989, 35(8):982-1003.
30. Deloitte. Arab States Mobile Observatory., 2013. GSM Association (GSMA), Retrieved 22/01/2014. Available at . http://www.gsma.com/publicpolicy/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/GSMA_MobileObservatory_ArabStates2013.pdf.
31. Deng Z., Lu Y., Wei K.K., Zhang J. Understanding customer satisfaction and loyalty: an empirical study of mobile instant messages in China. Int. J. Inf. Manage. 2010, 30(4):289-300.
32. Dong J.Q., Zhang X. Gender differences in adoption of information systems: new findings from China. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2011, 27(1):384-390.
33. Dorfman P.W., Howell J.P. Dimensions of national culture and effective leadership patterns: Hofstede revisited. Adv. Int. Comp. Manage. 1988, 3:127-150.
34. El-Qirem A.I. Critical factors influencing E-Banking service adoption in Jordanian commercial banks: a proposed model. Int. Bus. Res. 2013, 6(3).
35. Erumban A.A., De Jong S.B. Cross-country differences in ICT adoption: a consequence of culture?. J. World Bus. 2006, 41(4):302-314.
36. Fang T.Yin Yang A new perspective on culture. Manage. Organ. Rev. 2012, 8(1):25-50.
37. Fishbein M., Ajzen I. Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research 1975, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
38. Flight R.L., Allaway A.W., Kim W.M., D'Souza G. A study of perceived innovation characteristics across cultures and stages of diffusion. J. Mark. Theory Pract. 2011, 19(1):109-126.
39. Fornell C., Larcker F.L. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J. Mark. Res. 1981, 18(1):39-50.
40. Gao S., Krogstie J., Siau K. Developing an instrument to measure the adoption of mobile services. Mob. Inf. Syst. 2011, 7(1):45-67.
41. Goh T.T. Exploring gender differences in SMS-based mobile library search system adoption. Educ. Technol. Soc. 2011, 14(4):192-206.
42. Green E.G., Deschamps J.C., Páez D. Variation of individualism and collectivism within and between 20 countries a typological analysis. J. Cross Cult. Psychol. 2005, 36(3):321-339.
43. Hair J.F., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R.E. Multivariate Data Analysis 2009, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
44. Hair J., Babin B., Money A., Samouel P. Essentials of Business Research Methods' 2003, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, NY.
45. Hammerich, W., 2012. Culture as a Moderator for the Infusion of Web 2.0 Technology: TAM vs. WebQual. Doctoral Dissertation.
46. Hart M., Porter G. The impact of cognitive and other factors on the perceived usefulness of OLAP. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. 2004, 45(1):47-56.
47. Heneman H., Judge T. Staffing Organization 2003, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. fourth ed.
48. Hofstede G. Cultural constraints in management theories. Acad. Manage. Exec. 1993, 7(1):81-94.
49. Hofstede G. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival 1991, McGraw-Hill International, New York.
50. Hofstede G. Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nation 2001, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA. second ed.
51. Hofstede G. Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values 1980, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
52. Huang T.C., Liu C.C., Chang D.C. An empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption of data mining tools. Int. J. Inf. Manage. 2012, 32(3):257-270.
53. Hui T.K., Wan D. Factors affecting Internet shopping behavior in Singapore: gender and educational issues. Int. J. Consum. Stud. 2007, 31(3):310-316.
54. Hung, C.L., Chou, J.C.L., Chung, R.Y., Dong, T.P. A cross-cultural study on the mobile commerce acceptance model. In: Management of Innovation and Technology (ICMIT), IEEE International Conference. , 2010, 462-467.
55. Hussey J., Hussey R. Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students 1997, Macmillan, London.
56. Jaradat M-I., Rababaa M. Assessing key factor that influence on the acceptance of mobile commerce based on modified UTAUT. Int. J. Bus. Manage. 2013, 8(23):7-11.
57. Jayawardhena C., Kuckertz A., Karjaluoto H., Kautonen T. Antecedents to permission based mobile marketing: an initial examination. Eur. J. Mark. 2009, 43(3/4):473-499.
58. Jiang G., Deng W. An empirical analysis of factors influencing the adoption of Mobile Instant Messaging in China. Int. J. Mob. Commun. 2011, 9(6):563-583.
59. Junglas I.A., Watson R.T. Location-based services. Commun. ACM 2008, 51(3):65-69.
60. Jurisic B., Azevedo A. Building customer-brand relationships in the mobile communications market: the role of brand tribalism and brand reputation. Brand Manage. 2011, 18(4/5):349-366.
61. Kaba B., Osei-Bryson K.M. Examining influence of national culture on individuals' attitude and use of information and communication technology: assessment of moderating effect of culture through cross countries study. Int. J. Inf. Manage. 2013, 33(3):441-452.
62. Keller H. Cultures of Infancy 2007, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
63. Khalifa M., Cheng S.K.N., Shen K.Ning. Adoption of mobile commerce: a confidence model. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. 2012, 53(1):14-22.
64. Khraim H.S., Shoubaki Y.E., Khraim A.S. Factors affecting Jordanian consumers' adoption of mobile banking services. Int. J. Bus. Soc. Sci. 2011, 2(20):96-105.
65. Kim H.W., Chan H.C., Gupta S. Value-based adoption of mobile internet: an empirical investigation. Decis. Support Syst. 2007, 43(1):111-126.
66. Kim K., Kim G.M., Eun S.K. Measuring the compatibility factors in mobile entertainment service adoption. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. 2009, 50(1):141-148.
67. Kirkman B.L., Lowe K.B., Gibson C.B. A quarter century of culture's consequences: a review of empirical research incorporating Hofstede's cultural values framework. J. Int. Bus. Stud. 2006, 37(3):285-320.
68. Kock, N., 2009. WarpPLS 1.0 User Manual. ScriptWarp Systems, Laredo, Texas. Available at . http://www.scriptwarp.com/warppls/UserManual.pdf.
69. Kock, N., 2011 WarpPLS 2.0 user manual. Laredo, Texas: ScriptWarp Systems.
70. Kovačić Z. A brave new eWorld? An exploratory analysis of worldwide eGovernment readiness, level of democracy, corruption and globalization. Int. J. Electron. Gov. Res. 2005, 1(3):15-32.
71. Kulkarni S., Hudson T., Ramamoorthy N., Marchev A., Georgieva-Kondakova P., Gorskov V. Dimensions of individualism-collectivism: a comparative study of five cultures. Verslo ir teise˙s aktualijos/Curr. Issues Bus. Law 2011, 5(1):93-109.
72. Lai I.K., Lai D.C. User acceptance of mobile commerce: an empirical study in Macau. Int. J. Syst. Sci. 2013, 43(1):1-11.
73. Laroche M. Editorial: introduction to the special issue on the impact of culture on marketing strategy. J. Bus. Res. 2007, 60(3):4.
74. Laukkanen P., Sinkkonen S., Laukkanen T. Consumer resistance to internet banking: postponers, opponents and rejectors. Int. J. Bank Mark. 2008, 26(6):440-455.
75. Lee I., Choi B., Kim J., Hong S.J. Culture-technology fit: effects of cultural characteristics on the post-adoption beliefs of mobile internet users. Int. J. Electron. Comm. 2007, 11(4):11-51.
76. Lee S.G., Trimi S., Kim C. The impact of cultural differences on technology adoption. J. World Bus. 2013, 48(1):20-29.
77. Liang T.P., Huang C.W., Yeh Y.H., Lin B. Adoption of mobile technology in business: a fit-viability model. Ind. Manage. Data Syst. 2007, 107(8):1154-1169.
78. Liébana-Cabanillas F.J., Sánchez-Fernández J., Muñoz-Leiva F. Role of gender on acceptance of mobile payment. Ind. Manage. Data Syst. 2014, 114(2):220-240.
79. Limayem M., Hirt S.G., Cheung C.M.K. How habit limits the predictive power of intention: the case of information systems continuance. MIS Q. 2007, 31(4):705-737.
80. Lip-Sam T., Hock-Eam L. Estimating the determinants of B2B e-commerce adoption among small & medium enterprises. Int. J. Bus. Soc. 2011, 12(1):15-30.
81. Lu, X., Viehland, D., 2008. Factors influencing the adoption of mobile learning. In: ACIS 2008 Proceedings. Paper 56.. Available at . http://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2008/56.
82. Luarn P., Lin H. Toward an understanding of the behavioral intention to use mobile university. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2005, 21(6):873-891.
83. Macharia J., Nyakwende E. Gender differences in internet usage intentions for learning in higher education: an empirical study. J. Lang. Technol. Entrep. Afr. 2011, 3(1):244-254.
84. Methlie L.B., Gressgård L.J. Exploring the relationship between structural market conditions and business conduct in mobile data service markets. J. Electron. Comm. Res. 2006, 7(1):14-27.
85. Min, Q., Li, Y., Ji, S., 2009. The effects of individual-level culture on mobile commerce adoption: an empirical study. In: Eighth International Conference on Mobile Business (ICMB 2009), pp. 305-312.
86. Minkov M., Hofstede G. The evolution of Hofstede's doctrine. Cross cultural management. Int. J. 2011, 18(1):10-20.
87. Nassuora A.B. Understanding factors affecting the adoption of m-commerce by consumers. J. Appl. Sci. 2013, 13(6):913-918.
88. Nysveen H., Pedersen P.E., Thorbjornsen H. Intentions to use mobile services antecedents and cross-service comparisons. J. Acad. Mark. Sci. 2005, 33(3):330-346.
89. Okazaki S., dos Santos L.M.R. Understanding e-learning adoption in Brazil: major determinants and gender effects. Int. Rev. Res. Open Distance Learn. 2012, 13(4):91-106.
90. Ong C.S., Lai J.Y. Gender differences in perceptions and relationships among dominants of e-learning acceptance. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2006, 22(5):816-829.
91. Padilla-Meléndez A., del Aguila-Obra A.R., Garrido-Moreno A. Perceived playfulness, gender differences and technology acceptance model in a blended learning scenario. Comput. Educ. 2013, 63:306-317.
92. Pai F.Y., Huang K.I. Applying the technology acceptance model to the introduction of healthcare information systems. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 2011, 78(4):650-660.
93. Papastergiou M., Solomonidou C. Gender issues in Internet access and favorite Internet activities among Greek high school pupils inside and outside school. Comput. Educ. 2005, 44:377-393.
94. Patterson P.G., Mattila A.S. An examination of the impact of cultural orientation and familiarity in service encounter evaluations. Int. J. Serv. Ind. Manage. 2008, 19(5):662-681.
95. Pavlou P.A., Fygenson M. Understanding and prediction electronic commerce adoption: an extension of the theory of planned behavior. MIS Q. 2006, 30(1):115-143.
96. Pavlou P.A., Sawy O.A.E. From IT leveraging competence to competitive advantage in turbulent environments: the case of new product development. Inf. Syst. Res. 2006, 17(3):198-227.
97. Pedersen, P., Methlie, L., Thorbjornsen, H., 2002. Understanding mobile commerce end-user adoption: a triangulation perspective and suggestions for an exploratory service evaluation framework. In: Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 1079-1086.
98. Phan K., Daim T. Exploring technology acceptance for mobile services. J. Ind. Eng. Manage. 2011, 4(2):339-360.
99. Rekabdarkolaei S.M., Amuei F. Evaluation of ICT literacy differences in trainee student teachers from the view of sexuality. Campus-Wide Inf. Syst. 2008, 25(3):176-188.
100. Riquelme H.E., Rios R.E. The moderating effect of gender in the adoption mobile banking. Int. J. Bank Mark. 2010, 28(5):328-341.
101. Rodgers S., Harris M. A gender and e-commerce: an exploratory study. J. Advert. Res.-New York 2003, 43(3):322-329.
102. Saidi E., Mgt C. Towards a faultless mobile commerce implementation in Malawi. J. Internet Bank. Comm. 2010, 15(1):1-13.
103. Sánchez-Franco M.J., Martínez-López F.J., Martín-Velicia F.A. Exploring the impact of individualism and uncertainty avoidance in web-based electronic learning: an empirical analysis in European higher education. Comput. Educ. 2009, 52(3):588-598.
104. Sangwan S., Siguaw J.A., Guan C.A. Comparative study of motivational differences for online shopping. ACM SIGMIS Database 2009, 40(4):28-42.
105. Sekaran U. Research Methods for Business a Skill-Building Approach 2006, John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi. fourth ed.
106. Serenko A, Turel O., Yol S. Moderating roles of user demographics in the American customer satisfaction model within the context of mobile services. J. Inf. Technol. Manage. 2006, 17(4):20-32.
107. Srite M., Karahanna E. The influence of national culture on the acceptance of information technologies: an empirical study. MIS Q. 2006, 30(3):679-704.
108. Straub D., Loch K., Evaristo R., Karahanna E., Srite M. Toward a theory-based measurement of culture. Hum. Factors Inf. Syst. 2002, 61-82.
109. Sun H., Zhang P. The role of moderating factors in user technology acceptance. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 2006, 64(2):53-78.
110. Sun Q., Cao H., You J. Factors influencing the adoption of mobile service in China: an integration of TAM. J. Comput. 2010, 5(5):799-806.
111. Taras V., Kirkman B.L., Steel P. Examining the impact of culture's consequences: a three-decade, multilevel, meta-analytic review of Hofstede's cultural value dimensions. J. Appl. Psychol. 2010, 95(3):405.
112. Teo T.S.H., Pok S.H. Adoption of WAP-enabled mobile phones among Internet users. Omega 2003, 31(6):483-498.
113. The Jordan Times. 2013. Retrieved 1/10/ 2013. Available at http://jordantimes.com/smartphone-penetration-reached-42-in-2012----study.
114. The Jordan Times, 2014.Retrieved 1/3/ 2014. Available at . http://jordantimes.com/smartphone-popularity-an-opportunity-for-local-businesses.
115. Tiwari R., Buse S. The Mobile Commerce Prospects: A Strategic Analysis of Opportunities in the Banking Sector 2007, Hamburg University Press, Hamburg.
116. Triandis H.C. Individualism and Collectivism 1995, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
117. Vaghjiani, K., 2012. Patterns of IT-enabled Innovation Adoption in Developed and Developing Countries: A Comparative Case Study of Australian and Indian Banking Industries. Ph.D. Thesis.. Available at . http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52204.
118. Van Slyke C., Belanger F., Sridhar V. A comparison of American and Indian consumers' perceptions of electronic commerce. Inf. Resour. Manage. J. 2005, 18(2):24-40.
119. Van Slyke C., Lou H., Belanger F., Sridhar V. The influence of culture on consumer-oriented electronic commerce adoption. J. Electron. Comm. Res. 2010, 11(1):30-40.
120. Venkatesh V., Agarwal R. Turning visitors into customers: a usability-centric perspective on purchase behavior in electronic channels. Manage. Sci. 2006, 52(3):367-382.
121. Venkatesh V., Bala H. Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decis. Sci. 2008, 39(2):273-315.
122. Venkatesh V., Davis F. A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: four longitudinal field studies. Manage. Sci. 2000, 46(2):186-204.
123. Venkatesh V., Morris M.G. Why don't men ever stop to ask for directions? Gender, social influence and their role in technology acceptance and usage behaviour. MIS Q. 2000, 24(1):115-139.
124. Venkatesh V., Morris M.G., Davis G.B., Davis F.D. User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view. MIS Q. 2003, 27(3):425-478.
125. Venkatesh V., Thong J., Xu X. Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Q. 2012, 36(1):157-178.
126. Wang H.Y., Wang Y.S. Gender differences in the perception and acceptance of online games. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 2008, 39(5):787-806.
127. Wang Y.S., Lin H.H., Liao Y.W. Investigating the individual difference antecedents of perceived enjoyment in students' use of blogging. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 2012, 43(1):139-152.
128. Wang Y.S., Wu M.C., Wang H.Y. Investigating the determinants and age and gender differences in the acceptance of mobile learning. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 2009, 40(1):92-118.
129. Wei T.T., Marthandan G., Chong A.Y.L., Ooi K.B., Arumugam S. What drives Malaysian m-commerce adoption? An empirical analysis. Ind. Manage. Data Syst. 2009, 109(3):370-388.
130. Xin, C., 2009. M-commerce development and challenges facing. In: IITA International Conference on Services Science, Management and Engineering, SSME'09. pp. 229-232.
131. Yang K. The effects of technology self-efficacy and innovativeness on consumer mobile data service adoption between American and Korean consumers. J. Int. Consum. Mark. 2010, 22(2):117-127.
132. Yap A., Das J., Burbridge J., Cort K. A composite-model for e-commerce diffusion: integrating cultural and socio-economic dimensions to the dynamics of diffusion. J. Global Inf. Manage. 2006, 14(3):17-38.
133. Yaseen S.G., Zayed S. Exploring critical determinants in deploying mobile commerce technology. Am. J. Appl. Sci. 2010, 7(1):120-126.
134. Yoo B., Donthu N. The effect of personal cultural orientation on consumer ethnocentrism: evaluations and behaviors of US consumers toward Japanese products. J. Int. Consum. Mark. 2005, 18(1-2):7-44.
135. Yoon C. The effects of national culture values on consumer acceptance of e-commerce: online shoppers in China. Inf. Manage. 2009, 46(5):294-301.
136. Zain Group, 2011. Mobile Commerce Comes to the Middle East: Zain E-mail Mobile Wallet Service is Launched. Available at . http://www.zain.com/media-center/press-releases/mobile-commerce-comes-to-the-middle-east-zain-e-mal-mobile-wallet-service-is-launched/.
137. Zakour, A.B., 2004. Cultural differences and information technology acceptance. In: Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference of the Southern Association for Information Systems. Savannah, USA, pp. 156-161.
138. Zarmpou T., Saprikis V., Markos A., Vlachopoulou M. Modeling users' acceptance of mobile services. Electron. Comm. Res. 2012, 12(2):225-248.
139. Zhang J. Exploring drivers in the adoption of mobile commerce in China. J. Am. Acad. Bus. 2009, 15(1):64-69.
140. Zhang J., Mao E. Understanding the acceptance of mobile SMS advertising among Young Chinese consumers. Psychol. Mark. 2008, 25(8):787-805.
141. Zhang J., Mandl H., Wang E. The effect of vertical-horizontal individualism-collectivism on acculturation and the moderating role of gender. Int. J. Intercult. Relat. 2011, 35(1):124-134.
142. Zhang L., Zhu J., Liu Q. A meta-analysis of mobile commerce adoption and the moderating effect of culture. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2012, 28(5):1902-1911.
143. Zhou L., Dai L., Zhang D. Online shopping acceptance model-a critical survey of consumer factors in online shopping. J. Electron. Comm. Res. 2007, 8(1):41-62.