Green Tea and Anticancer Perspectives: Updates from Last Decade

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

Volumn 55, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 792-805

  Butt, Masood Sadiq ^a   Ahmad, Rabia Shabir ^b   Sultan, M Tauseef ^c   Qayyum, Mir M Nasir ^d   Naz, Ambreen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE   (Pakistan)

^b GC University Faisalabad   (Pakistan)

^c BAHAUDDIN ZAKARIYA UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^d KARAKORAM INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

anticancer; antimutagenic; apoptosis; Green tea; metastasis

Indexed keywords

CELL DEATH; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHEMICAL ACTIVATION; DISEASES; FLAVONOIDS; PATHOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANTICANCER; ANTIMUTAGENIC; ANTIMUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS; EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE; GREEN TEA; METASTASIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS;

ANIMAL CELL CULTURE;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CATECHIN; TEA;

CHEMISTRY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NEOPLASMS; TEA;

ANTICARCINOGENIC AGENTS; CATECHIN; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEOPLASMS; TEA;

EID: 84912120606     PISSN: 10408398     EISSN: 15497852     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.680205     Document Type: Article

References (164)

1. Adachi, S., Nagao, T., Ingolfsson, H.I., Maxfield, F.R., Andersen, O.S., Kopelovich, L. and Weinstein, I.B. (2007). The inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with altered lipid order in HT29 colon cancer cells. Cancer Res. 67:6493–6501.
2. Adachi, S., Shimizu, M., Shirakami, Y., Yamauchi, J., Natsume, H., Matsushima-Nishiwaki, R., To, S., Weinstein, I.B., Moriwaki, H. and Kozawa, O. (2009). (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate downregulates EGF receptor via phosphorylation at Ser1046/1047 by p38 MAPK in colon cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 30:1544–1552.
3. Adhami, V.M., Siddiqui, I.A., Ahmad, N., Gupta, S. and Mukhtar, H. (2004). Oral consumption of green tea polyphenols inhibits insulin-like growth factor-I-induced signaling in an autochthonous mouse model of prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 64:8715–8722.
4. Ahn, W.S., Huh, S.W., Bae, S.M., Lee, I.P., Lee, J.M., Namkoong, S.E., Kim, C.K. and Sin, J.I. (2003). A major constituent of green tea, EGCG, inhibits the growth of a human cervical cancer cell line, CaSki cells, through apoptosis., G(1) arrest., and regulation of gene expression. DNA Cell Biol. 22:217–224.
5. Albrecht, D.S., Clubbs, E.A., Ferruzzi, M. and Bomser, J.A. (2008). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits PC-3 prostate cancer cell proliferation via MEK-independent ERK1/2 activation. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 171:89–95.
6. Al-Hazzani, A.A. and Alshatwi, A.A. (2011). Catechin hydrate inhibits proliferation and mediates apoptosis of SiHa human cervical cancer cells. Food Chem. Toxicol. 49:3281–3286.
7. Anderson, M.W., Goodin, C., Zhang, Y., Kim, S., Estensen, R.D., Wiedmann, T.S., Sekar, P., Buncher, C.R., Khoury, J.C., Garbow, J.R., You, M. and Tichelaar, J.W. (2008). Effect of dietary green tea extract and aerosolized difluoromethylornithine during lung tumor progression in A/J strain mice. Carcinogenesis. 29:1594–1600.
8. Anesini, C., Ferraro, GE. and Filip, R. (2008). Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of commercially available tea (Camellia sinensis) in Argentina. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:9225–9229.
9. Ares, G., Giménez, A. and Gámbaro, A. (2009). Consumer perceived healthiness and willingness to try functional milk desserts Influence of ingredient, ingredient name and health claim. Food Qual. Prefer. 20:50–56.
10. Arts, I.C. (2008). A review of the epidemiological evidence on tea, flavonoids, and lung cancer. J. Nutr. 138:1561–1566.
11. Asghar, Z. and Masood, Z. (2008). Evaluation of antioxidant properties of silymarin and its potential to inhibit peroxyl radicals in vitro. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 21:249–254.
12. Babich, H., Krupka, M.E., Nissim, H.A. and Zuckerbraun, H.L. (2005). Differential in vitro cytotoxicity of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) to cancer and normal cells from the human oral cavity. Toxicology in Vitro. 19:231–242.
13. Balasubramanian, S., Adhikary, G. and Eckert, R.L. (2010). The Bmi-1 polycomb protein antagonizes the (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-dependent suppression of skin cancer cell survival. Carcinogenesis. 31:496–503.
14. Balentine, D.A., Wiseman, S.A. and Bouwens, C.M. 1997. The chemistry of tea flavonoids. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 37:693–704.
15. Baylin, S.B., and Herman, J.G. (2000). DNA hypermethylation in tumorigenesis: Epigenetics joins genetics. Trends Genet. 16:168–174.
16. Berger, S.J., Gupta, S., Belfi, C.A., Gosky, D.M. and Mukhtar, H. (2001). Green tea constituent (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits topoisomerase I activity in human colon carcinoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 288:101–105.
17. Bettuzzi, S., Brausi, M., Rizzi, F., Castagnetti, G., Peracchia, G. and Corti, A. (2006). Chemoprevention of human prostate cancer by oral administration of green tea catechins in volunteers with high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia: A preliminary report from a one-year proof-of-principle study. Cancer Res. 66:1234–1240.
18. Bettuzzi, S., Rizzi, F. and Belloni, L. (2007). Clinical relevance of the inhibitory effect of green tea catechins (GtCs) on prostate cancer progression in combination with molecular profiling of catechin-resistant tumors: An integrated view. Pol. J. Vet. Sci. 10:57–60.
19. Brizuela, L., Dayon, A., Doumerc, N., Ader, I., Golzio, M., Izard, J.C., Hara, Y., Malavaud, B. and Cuvillier, O. (2010). The sphingosine kinase-1 survival pathway is a molecular target for the tumor-suppressive tea and wine polyphenols in prostate cancer. FASEB J. 24:3882–3894.
20. Butt, M.S. and Sultan, M.T. (2009). Green tea; nature's defense against malignancies. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 49:463–473.
21. Chee, D.C. and Juneja, L.R. 1997. General chemical composition of green tea and its infusion. In: Chemistry and Applications of Green Tea, Yamamoto, T., Juneja, L.R., Chee, D-C. and Kim, M., Eds., CRC press, Japan.
22. Chen, J.J., Ye, Z.Q. and Koo, M.W. (2004). Growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest effects of epigallocatechin gallate in the NBT-II bladder tumour cell line. BJU Int. 93:1082–1086.
23. Cheng, C.W., Shieh, P.C., Lin, Y.C., Chen, Y.J., Lin, Y.H., Kuo, D.H., Liu, J.Y., Kao, J.Y., Kao, M.C. and Way, T.D. (2010). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an immunomodulatory protein, is suppressed by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate via blocking of gamma-interferon-induced JAK-PKC-delta-STAT1 signaling in human oral cancer cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:887–894.
24. Chung, F.L. 1999. The prevention of lung cancer induced by a tobacco-specific carcinogen in rodents by green and black tea. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 220:244–248.
25. Chuu, C.P., Chen, R.Y., Kokontis, J.M., Hiipakka, R.A. and Liao, S. (2009). Suppression of androgen receptor signaling and prostate specific antigen expression by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in different progression stages of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 275:86–92.
26. Clark, J., and You, M. (2006). Chemoprevention of lung cancer by tea. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 50:144–151.
27. Connors, S.K., Chornokur, G. and Kumar, N.B. (2011). New insights into the mechanisms of green tea catechins in the chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Nutr. Cancer. (In press).
28. Deng, Y.T. and Lin, J.K. (2011). EGCG inhibits the invasion of highly invasive CL1-5 lung cancer cells through suppressing MMP-2 expression via JNK signaling and induces G2/M arrest. J.Agric. Food Chem. 59:13318–13327.
29. Donnelly, A. and Blagg, B.S. (2008). Novobiocin and additional inhibitors of the Hsp90 C-terminal nucleotide-binding pocket. Curr. Med. Chem. 15:2702–2717.
30. Duhon, D., Bigelow, RL., Coleman, D.T., Steffan, J.J., Yu, C., Langston, W., Kevil, C.G. and Cardelli, J.A. (2010). The polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate affects lipid rafts to block activation of the c-Met receptor in prostate cancer cells. Mol. Carcinogen. 49:739–749.
31. Farabegoli, F., Papi, A., and Orlandi, M. (2010). (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate down-regulates EGFR, MMP-2., MMP-9 and EMMPRIN and inhibits the invasion of MCF-7 tamoxifen-resistant cells. Biosci. Rep. 31(2):99–108.
32. Fernandez-Caceres, P.L., Martın, M.J., Pablos, F., and Gonzalez, A.G. (2001). Differentiation of tea (camellia sinensis) varieties and their geographical origin according to their metal content. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49:4775–4779.
33. Fesus, L., Szondy, Z., and Uray, I. 1995. Probing the molecular program of apoptosis by cancer chemopreventive agents. J. Cell Biochem. 22:151–161.
34. Fix, L.N., Shah, M., Efferth, T., Farwell, M.A., and Zhang, B. (2010). MicroRNA expression profile of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and the effect of green tea polyphenon-60. Cancer Gen. Proteom. 7:261–277.
35. Friedman, M., Levin, C.E., Choi, S.H., Kozukue, E. and Kozukue, N. (2006). HPLC analysis of catechins, theaflavins, and alkaloids in commercial teas and green tea dietary supplements: Comparison of water and 80% ethanol/water extracts. J. Food Sci. 71:328–337.
36. Fu, H., He, J., Mei, F., Zhang, Q., Hara, Y., Ryota, S., Lubet, RA., Chen, R., Chen, DR. and You, M. (2009). Lung cancer inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate is dependent on its presence in a complex mixture (polyphenon E). Cancer. Prev Res. (Phila). 2:531–537.
37. Gonzalez, C.A. (2006). Nutrition and cancer: The current epidemiological evidence. Br. J. Nutr. 96:42–45.
38. Gu, Q., Hu, C., Chen, Q., Xia, Y., Feng, J. and Yang, H. (2008). Prevention of chinese green tea on 3,4-benzopyrene-induced lung cancer and its mechanism in animal mode. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 11:519–523.
39. Gu, Q., Hu, C., Chen, Q., Xia, Y., Feng, J. and Yang, H. (2009). Development of a rat model by 3,4-benzopyrene intra-pulmonary injection and evaluation of the effect of green tea drinking on p53 and bcl-2 expression in lung carcinoma. Cancer Detect. Prev. 32:444–451.
40. Hara, Y. (2006). Prophylactic functions of tea catechins. In: Protective Effects of Tea on Human Health, Jain, N.K., Ed., CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.
41. Henning, S.M., Wang, P., Said, J., Magyar, C., Castor, B., Doan, N., Tosity, C., Moro, A., Gao, K., Li, L., and Heber, D. (2012). Polyphenols in brewed green tea inhibit prostate tumor xenograft growth by localizing to the tumor and decreasing oxidative stress and angiogenesis. J. Nutr. Biochem. [In Press].
42. Hessien, M., El-Gendy, S., Donia, T., and Sikkena, M.A. (2011). Growth inhibition of human non-small lung cancer cells H460 by green tea and ginger polyphenols. Anticancer Agents Med. Chem. (In press).
43. Higdon, J.V. and Frei, B. (2003). Tea catechins and polyphenols: Health effects, metabolism, and antioxidant functions. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. 43:89–143.
44. Hsu, A., Bruno, R.S., Löhr, C.V., Taylor, A.W., Dashwood, R.H., Bray, T.M. and Ho, E. (2010). Dietary soy and tea mitigate chronic inflammation and prostate cancer via NFkappaB pathway in the noble rat model. J. Nutr. Biochem. [In Press].
45. Hsu, S., Farrey, K., Wataha, J., Lewis, J., Borke, J., Singh, B., Qin, H., Lapp, C., Lapp, D., Nguyen, T. and Schuster, G. (2005). Role of p21WAF1 in green tea polyphenol-induced growth arrest and apoptosis of oral carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 25:63–67.
46. Hsu, S., Qin, H., Dickinson, D., Xie, D., Bollag, W.B., Stoppler, H., Pearl, H., Vu, A., Watkins, M., Koehler, M., and Schuster, G. ((2007)). Expression of caspase-14 reduces tumorigenicity of skin cancer cells. In Vivo. 21:279–283.
47. Hsuuw, Y.D. and Chan, W.H. (2007). Epigallocatechin gallate dose-dependently induces apoptosis or necrosis in human MCF-7 cells. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1095:428–440.
48. Hu, L., Miao, W., Loignon, M., Kandouz, M. and Batist, G. (2010). Putative chemopreventive molecules can increase Nrf2-regulated cell defense in some human cancer cell lines, resulting in resistance to common cytotoxic therapies. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 66:467–474.
49. Huang, H.C., Way, T.D., Lin, C.L. and Lin, J.K. (2008). EGCG stabilizes p27kip1 in E2-stimulated MCF-7 cells through down-regulation of the Skp2 protein. Endocrinology 149:5972–5983.
50. Hussain, T., Gupta, S., Adhami, V.M. and Mukhtar, H. (2005). Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate selectively inhibits COX-2 without affecting COX-1 expression in human prostate carcinoma cells. Int. J. Cancer. 113:660–669.
51. Hwang, J.T., Ha, J., Park, I.J., Lee, S.K., Baik, H.W., Kim, Y.M. and Park, O.J. (2007). Apoptotic effect of EGCG in HT-29 colon cancer cells via AMPK signal pathway. Cancer Lett. 247:115–121.
52. Inoue, M., Tajima, K., Mizutani, M., Iwata, H., Iwase, T., Miura, S., Hirose, K., Hamajima, N. and Tominaga, S. (2001). Regular consumption of green tea and the risk of breast cancer recurrence: Follow-up study from the hospitalbased epidemiologic research program at Aichi cancer center (HERPACC). Japan. Cancer Lett. 167:175–182.
53. Issa, A.Y., Volate, S.R., Muga, S.J., Nitcheva, D., Smith, T. and Wargovich, M.J. (2007). Green tea selectively targets initial stages of intestinal carcinogenesis in the AOM-ApcMin mouse model. Carcinogenesis 28(9):1978–1984.
54. Iwasaki, M., Inoue, M., Sasazuki, S., Miura, T., Sawada, N., Yamaji, T., Shimazu, T., Willett, W.C. and Tsugane, S. (2010a). Plasma tea polyphenol levels and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Japanese women: A nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 124:827–834.
55. Jeon, H.Y., Kim, J.K., Kim, W.G. and Lee, S.J. (2009). Effects of oral epigallocatechin gallate supplementation on the minimal erythema dose and UV-induced skin damage. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 22:137–141.
56. Jeong, W.S., Kim, I.W., Hu, R. and Kong, A.N. (2004). Modulatory properties of various natural chemopreventive agents on the activation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Pharm. Res. 21:661–670.
57. Jia, X. and Han, C. (2001). Effects of green tea on colonic aberrant crypt foci and proliferative indexes in rats. Nutr. Cancer. 39:239–243.
58. Kanwar, J., Taskeen, M., Mohammad, I., Huo, C., Chan, T.H. and Dou, Q.P. (2012). Recent advances on tea polyphenols. Front Biosci. 4:111–131.
59. Katiyar, S., Elmets, C.A. and Katiyar, S.K. (2007). Green tea and skin cancer: Photoimmunology, angiogenesis and DNA repair. J. Nutr. Biochem. 18:287–296.
60. Katiyar, S.K. (2010). Green tea prevents non-melanoma skin cancer by enhancing DNA repair. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. [In press].
61. Katiyar, S.K., Agarwal, R. and Mukhtar, H. (1992). Green tea in chemoprevention of cancer. Compr. Ther. 18:3–8.
62. Kato, K., Long, N.K., Makita, H., Toida, M., Yamashita, T., Hatakeyama, D., Hara, A., Mori, H. and Shibata, T. (2008). Effects of green tea polyphenol on methylation status of RECK gene and cancer cell invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Br. J. Cancer. 99:647–654.
63. Kemberling, J.K., Hampton, J.A., Keck, R.W., Gomez, M.A. and Selman, S.H. (2003). Inhibition of bladder tumor growth by the green tea derivative epigallocatechin-3-gallate. J. Urol. 170:773–776.
64. Khan, N., Adhami, V.M. and Mukhtar, H. (2009). Review: Green tea polyphenols in chemoprevention of prostate cancer;preclinical and clinical studies. Nutr. Cancer. 61:836–841.
65. Khan, N., Afaq, F., Saleem, M., Ahmad, N. and Mukhtar, H. ((2006)). Targeting multiple signaling pathways by green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin- 3-gallate. Cancer. Res. 66:2500–2505.
66. Khan, N. and Mukhtar, H. (2010). Cancer and metastasis;prevention and treatment by green tea. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 29:435–445.
67. Khan, S.I., Aumsuwan, P., Khan, I.A., Walker, L.A. and Dasmahapatra, A.K. (2012). Epigenetic events associated with breast cancer and their prevention by dietary components targeting the epigenome. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 25:61–73.
68. Khatiwada, J., Verghese, M., Walker, L.T., Shackelford, L., Chawan, C.B. and Sunkara, R. (2006). Combination of green tea, phytic acid, and inositol reduced the incidence of azoxymethane-induced colon tumors in Fisher 344 male rats. LWT. Food Sci. Tech. 39:1080–1086.
69. Kim, M., Murakami, A. and Ohigashi, H. (2007). Modifying effects of dietary factors on (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced pro-matrix metalloproteinase-7 production in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 71:2442–2450.
70. Kushima, Y., Iida, K., Nagaoka, Y., Kawaratani, Y., Shirahama, T., Sakaguchi, M., Baba, K., Hara, Y. and Uesato, S. (2009). Inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate against heregulin beta1-induced migration/invasion of the MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 32:899–904.
71. Lai, H.C., Chao, W.T., Chen, Y.T. and Yang, V.C. (2004). Effect of EGCG, a major component of green tea on the expression of Ets-1, c-Fos, and c-Jun during angiogenesis in vitro. Cancer Lett. 213:181–188.
72. Landis-Piwowar, K., Chen, D., Chan, T.H. and Dou, Q.P. (2010). Inhibition of catechol-Omicron-methyltransferase activity in human breast cancer cells enhances the biological effect of the green tea polyphenol (-)-EGCG. Oncol. Rep. 24:563–569.
73. Larsen, C.A. and Dashwood, R.H. (2009). Suppression of Met activation in human colon cancer cells treated with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: Minor role of hydrogen peroxide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 389:527–530.
74. Lee, A.H., Liang, W., Hirayama, F. and Binns, C.W. (2010b). Association between green tea consumption and lung cancer risk. J. Prev. Med. Public. Health. 43:366–367.
75. Lee, J.H., Jeong, Y.J., Lee, S.W., Kim, D., Oh, S.J., Lim, H.S., Oh, H.K., Kim, S.H., Kim, W.J., Jung, J.Y. (2010a). EGCG induces apoptosis in human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma Hep2 cells via mitochondria with the release of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G. Cancer Lett. 1:68–75.
76. Lee, U.L. and Choi, S.W. (2011). The chemopreventive properties and therapeutic modulation of green tea polyphenols in oral squamous cell carcinoma. ISRN Oncol. (In press).
77. Leong, H., Mathur, P.S. and Greene, G.L. (2008). Inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis in the C3(1)/SV40 mouse model by green tea. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 107:359–369.
78. Li, G.X., Chen, Y.K., Hou, Z., Xiao, H., Jin, H., Lu, G., Lee, MJ., Liu, B., Guan, F., Yang, Z., Yu, A., and Yang, C.S. (2010). Pro-oxidative activities and dose-response relationship of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the inhibition of lung cancer cell growth: A comparative study in vivo and in vitro. Carcinogenesis 31:902–910.
79. Li, Q., Kakizaki, M., Kuriyama, S., Sone, T., Yan, H., Nakaya, N., Mastuda-Ohmori, K. and Tsuji, I. (2008). Green tea consumption and lung cancer risk: The Ohsaki study. Br. J. Cancer. 99:1179–1184.
80. Li, Y., Yuan, Y.Y., Meeran, S.M., Tollefsbol, T.O. (2010a). Synergistic epigenetic reactivation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) by combined green tea polyphenol and histone deacetylase inhibitor in ERα-negative breast cancer cells. Mol. Cancer. 9:274.
81. Liao, J., Yang, G.Y., Park, E.S., Meng, X., Sun, Y., Jia, D., Seril, D.N. and Yang, C.S. (2004). Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis and effects on angiogenesis and apoptosis in A/J mice by oral administration of green tea. Nutr. Cancer. 48:44–53.
82. Lin, J-K. Liang, Y-C. and Lin-Shiau, S-Y. 1999. Cancer chemoprevention by tea polyphenols through mitotic signal transduction blockade. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58:911–915.
83. Lin, Y-S., Tsai, Y-J., Tsay, J-S. and Lin, J-K. (2003). Factors affecting the levels of tea polyphenols and caffeine in tea leaves. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:1864–1873.
84. Lu, G., Liao, J., Yang, G., Reuhl, K.R., Hao, X., and Yang, C.S. (2006b). Inhibition of adenoma progression to adenocarcinoma in a 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis model in A/J mice by tea polyphenols and caffeine. Cancer Res. 66(23):11494–11501.
85. Lu, G., Xiao, H., You, H., Lin, Y., Jin, H., Snagaski, B. and Yang, C.S. (2008). Synergistic inhibition of lung tumorigenesis by a combination of green tea polyphenols and atorvastatin. Clin Cancer Res. 14(15):4981–4988.
86. Lu, Q.Y., Yang, Y., Jin, Y.S., Zhang, Z.F., Heber, D., Li, F.P., Dubinett, S.M., Sondej, M.A., Loo, J.A. and Rao, J.Y. (2009). Effects of green tea extract on lung cancer A549 cells: Proteomic identification of proteins associated with cell migration. Proteomics 9:757–767.
87. Luo, K.L., Luo, J.H. and Yu, Y.P. (2010). (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces Du145 prostate cancer cell death via downregulation of inhibitor of DNA binding 2, a dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein. Cancer Sci. 101:707–712.
88. Mantena, S.K., Roy, A.M. and Katiyar, S.K. ((2005)). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits photocarcinogenesis through inhibition of angiogenic factors and activation of CD8+ T cells in tumors. Photochem. Photobiol. 81:1174–1179.
89. McCarthy, S., Caporal, A., Enkemann, S., Scaltriti, M., Eschrich, S., Davalli, P., Corti, A., Lee, A., Sung, J., Yeatman, T.J. and Bettuzzi, S. (2007). Green tea catechins suppress the DNA synthesis marker MCM7 in the TRAMP model of prostate cancer. Mol. Oncol. 1:196–204.
90. Meeran, S.M., Akhtar, S. and Katiyar, S.K. (2009). Inhibition of UVB-induced skin tumor development by drinking green tea polyphenols is mediated through DNA repair and subsequent inhibition of inflammation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 129:1258–1270.
91. Meeran, S.M., Mantena, S.K., Elmets, C.A. and Katiyar, S.K. ((2006)). (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents photocarcinogenesis in mice through interleukin-12-dependent DNA repair. Cancer Res. 66:5512–5520.
92. Milligan, S.A., Burke, P., Coleman, D.T., Bigelow, R.L., Steffan, J.J., Carroll, J.L., Williams, B.J. and Cardelli, J.A. (2009). The green tea polyphenol EGCG potentiates the antiproliferative activity of c-Met and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 15:4885–4894.
93. Mittal, A., Pate, M., Wylie, R., Tollefsbol, T. and Katiyar, S. (2004). EGCG down-regulates telomerase in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells, leading to suppression of cell viability and induction of apoptosis. Int. J. Oncol. 24:703–710.
94. Mohan, K.V., Gunasekaran, P., Varalakshmi, E., Hara, Y. and Nagini, S. (2007). In vitro evaluation of the anticancer effect of lactoferrin and tea polyphenol combination on oral carcinoma cells. Cell Biol. Int. 31:599–608.
95. Morita, O., Kirkpatrick, J.B., Tamaki, Y., Chengelis, C.P., Beck, M.J. and Bruner, R.H. (2009). Safety assessment of heat-sterilized green tea catechin preparation: A 6-month repeat-dose study in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47:1760–1770.
96. Mukhtar, H., Katiyar, S.K. and Agarwal, R. (1994). Green tea and skin anticarcinogenic effects. J. Investigat. Dermatol. 102:3–7.
97. Na, H.K. and Surh, Y.J. (2006). Intracellular signaling network as a prime chemopreventive target of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate. Mol. Nutr. Food. Res. 50:152–159.
98. Nagarajan, S., Nagarajan, R., Braunhut, S.J., Bruno, F., McIntosh, D., Samuelson, L. and Kumar, J. (2008). Biocatalytically oligomerized epicatechin with potent and specific anti-proliferative activity for human breast cancer cells. Molecules 13:2704–2716.
99. Nair, S., Barve, A., Khor, T.O., Shen, G.X., Lin, W., Chan, J.Y., Cai, L. and Kong, A.N. (2010). Regulation of Nrf2- and AP-1-mediated gene expression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate and sulforaphane in prostate of Nrf2-knockout or C57BL/6J mice and PC-3 AP-1 human prostate cancer cells. Acta. Pharmacol. Sin. 31:1223–1240.
100. Navarro-Perán, E., Cabezas-Herrera, J., Sánchez-Del-Campo, L., García-Cánovas, F. and Rodríguez-López, J.N. (2008). The anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate are mediated by folate cycle disruption, adenosine release and NF-kappaB suppression. Inflam. Res. 57:472–478.
101. Okabe, S., Fujimoto, N., Sueoka, N., Suganuma, M. and Fujiki, H. (2001). Modulation of gene expression by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in PC-9 cells using a cDNA expression array. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 24:883–886.
102. Okabe, S., Suganuma, M., Hayashi, M., Sueoka, E., Komori, A., and Fujiki, H. 1997. Mechanisms of growth inhibition of human lung cancer cell line. PC-9 by tea polyphenols. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 88:639–643.
103. O’Sullivan, J., Sheridan, J., Mulcahy, H., Tenniswood, M. and Morrissey, C. (2008). The effect of green tea on oxidative damage and tumour formation in Lobund-Wistar rats. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 17:489–501.
104. Pajak, B., Kania, E., Gajkowska, B. and Orzechowski, A. (2011). Lipid rafts mediate epigallocatechin-3-gallate- and green tea extract-dependent viability of human colon adenocarcinoma COLO 205 cells; clusterin affects lipid rafts-associated signaling pathways. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 62:449–459.
105. Pandey, M., Shukla, S. and Gupta, S. (2010). Promoter demethylation and chromatin remodeling by green tea polyphenols leads to re-expression of GSTP1 in human prostate cancer cells. Int. J. Cancer. 126:2520–2533.
106. 2. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1171:538–544.
107. Peng, G., Dixon, D.A., Muga, S.J., Smith, T.J. and Wargovich, M.J. ((2006). Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 expression in colon carcinogenesis. Mol. Carcinog. 45:309–319.
108. Philips, B.J., Coyle, C.H., Morrisroe, S.N., Chancellor, M.B. and Yoshimura, N. (2009). Induction of apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells by green tea catechins. Biomed. Res. 30:207–215.
109. Puig, T., Vazquez-Martın, A., Relat, J., Petriz, J., Menendez, J.A., Porta, R., Casals, G., Marrero, P.F., Haro, D., Brunet, J. and Colomer, R. (2008). Fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer cells: Differential inhibitory effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and C75. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 109:471–479.
110. Qiao, Y., Cao, J., Xie, L. and Shi, X. (2009). Cell growth inhibition and gene expression regulation by (-)-epigallocatechin- 3-gallate in human cervical cancer Cells. Arch. Pharm. Res. 32:1309–1315.
111. Qin, J., Xie, L-P., Zheng, X-Y., Wang, Y-B., Bai, Y., Shen, H-F., Li, L-C. and Dahiya, R. (2007). A component of green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, promotes apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and Bcl-2 family proteins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 354:852–857.
112. Rathore, K., Choudhary, S., Odoi, A. and Wang, H.C. (2012). Green tea catechin intervention of reactive oxygen species-mediated ERK pathway activation and chronically induced breast cell carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 33:174–183.
113. Rieger-Christ, KM., Hanley, R., Lodowsky, C., Bernier, T., Vemulapalli, P., Roth, M., Kim, J., Yee, A.S., Le, S.M., Marie, P.J., Libertino, J.A. and Summerhayes, I.C. (2007). The green tea compound, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate downregulates N-cadherin and suppresses migration of bladder carcinoma cells. J. Cell Biochem. 102:377–388.
114. Roomi, M.W., Roomi, N.W., Kalinovsky, T., Rath, M. and Niedzwiecki, A. (2010). Chemopreventive effect of a novel nutrient mixture on lung tumorigenesis induced by urethane in male A/J. mice. Tumorigenesis 95:508–513.
115. Roy, P., George, J., Srivastava, S., Tyagi, S. and Shukla, Y. (2010a). Inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols by targeting cyclooxygenase-2 through regulation of nuclear factor kappa B, Akt and p53 in rat mammary tumors. Invest New Drugs. [In Press].
116. Roy, P., Nigam, N., George, J., Srivastava, S. and Shukla, Y. (2009). Induction of apoptosis by tea polyphenols mediated through mitochondrial cell death pathway in mouse skin tumors. Cancer Biol. Ther. 8(13):1281–1287.
117. Roy, P., Nigam, N., Singh, M., George, J., Srivastava, S., Naqvi, H. and Shukla, Y. (2010b). Tea polyphenols inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 expression and block activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and Akt in diethylnitrosoamine induced lung tumors in Swiss mice. Invest New Drugs. 28:466–471.
118. Sadava, D., Whitlock, E. and Kane, S.E. (2007). The green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits telomerase and induces apoptosis in drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 360:233–237.
119. Sagara, Y., Miyata, Y., Nomata, K., Hayashi, T. and Kanetake, H. (2010). Green tea polyphenol suppresses tumor invasion and angiogenesis in N-butyl-(-4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine-induced bladder cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. 34:350–354.
120. Saha, A., Kuzuhara, T., Echigo, N., Suganuma, M. and Fujiki, H. (2010b). New role of (-)-epicatechin in enhancing the induction of growth inhibition and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells by curcumin. Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila). 3:953–962.
121. Sakata, M., Ikeda, T., Imoto, S., Jinno, H. and Kitagawa, Y. (2011). Prevention of mammary carcinogenesis in C3H/OuJ mice by green tea and tamoxifen. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 12:567–571.
122. Sartippour, M.R., Shao, Z.M., Heber, D., Beatty, P., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Ellis, L., Liu, W., Go, V.L. and Brooks, M.N. (2002). Green tea inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction in human breast cancer cells. J. Nutr. 132:2307–2311.
123. Sasazuki, S., Tamakoshi, A., Matsuo, K., Ito, H., Wakai, K., Nagata, C., Mizoue, T., Tanaka, K., Tsuji, I., Inoue, M. and Tsugane, S. (2012). Green tea consumption and gastric cancer risk: An evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence among the Japanese population. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. [In Press].
124. Sato, D. and Matsushima, M. (2003). Preventive effects of urinary bladder tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine in rat by green tea leaves. Int. J. Urol. 10:160–166.
125. Scalbert, A., Manach, C., Morand, C. and Remesy, C. (2005). Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 45:287–306.
126. Schuller, H.M., Porter, B., Riechert, A., Walker, K. and Schmoyer, R. (2004). Neuroendocrine lung carcinogenesis in hamsters is inhibited by green tea or theophylline while the development of adenocarcinomas is promoted;implications for chemoprevention in smokers. Lung Cancer. 45:11–18.
127. Schwarz, A., Maeda, A., Gan, D., Mammone, T., Matsui, M.S. and Schwarz, T. (2008). Green tea phenol extracts reduce UVB-induced DNA damage in human cells via interleukin-12. Photochem. Photobiol. 84:350–355.
128. Sen, T., Moulik, S., Dutta, A., Choudhury, P.R., Banerji, A., Das, S., Roy, M. and Chatterjee, A. (2009). Multifunctional effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in downregulation of gelatinase-A (MMP-2) in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Life Sci. 84:194–204.
129. Sevin, A., Oztaş, P., Senen, D., Han, U., Karaman, C., Tarimci, N., Kartal, M. and Erdoğan, B. (2007). Effects of polyphenols on skin damage due to ultraviolet A rays;an experimental study on rats. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 21:650–656.
130. Shaheen, S.M., Hossen, M.N., Ahmed, M. and Amran, M.S. (2006). Green tea in health care: A natural medicine, a natural drink. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2:306–309.
131. Shim, J.H., Su, Z.Y., Chae, J.I., Kim, D.J., Zhu, F., Ma, W.Y., Bode, A.M., Yang, C.S. and Dong, Z. (2010). Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses lung cancer cell growth through Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1. Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila). 3:670–679.
132. Shimizu, M., Deguchi, A., Hara, Y., Moriwaki, H. and Weinstein, I.B. (2005). EGCG inhibits activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in human colon cancer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commu. 334:947–953.
133. Shimizu, M., Kubota, M., Tanaka, T. and Moriwaki, H. (2012). Nutraceutical approach for preventing obesity-related colorectal and liver carcinogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 13:579–595.
134. Singh, M., Tyagi, S., Bhui, K., Prasad, S. and Shukla, Y. (2010). Regulation of cell growth through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HPV 16 positive human cervical cancer cells by tea polyphenols. Invest New Drugs. 28:216–224.
135. Soysal, C. (2009). Effects of green tea extract on “golden delicious” apple polyphenoloxidase and its browning. J. Food Biochem. 33:134–148.
136. Stuart, E.C., Scandlyn, M.J. and Rosengren, R.J. (2007). Role of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. Life Sci. 79:2329–2336.
137. Suganuma, M., Okabe, S., Kai, Y., Sueoka, N., Sueoka, E. and Fujiki, H. 1999. Synergistic effects of (–)-epigallocatechin gallate with (–)-epicatechin, sulindac., or tamoxifen on cancer-preventive activity in the human lung cancer cell line PC-9. Cancer Res. 59:44–47.
138. Sukhthankar, M., Alberti, S., Baek, S.J. (2010a). (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) post-transcriptionally and post-translationally suppresses the cell proliferative protein TROP2 in human colorectal cancer cells. Anti Cancer Res. 30:2497–2503.
139. Sukhthankar, M., Choi, C.K., English, A., Kim, J.S., Baek, S.J. (2010b). A potential proliferative gene. NUDT6. is down-regulated by green tea catechins at the posttranscriptional level. J. Nutr. Biochem. 21:98–106.
140. Thakur, V.S., Gupta, K. and Gupta, S. (2012). Green tea polyphenols causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by suppressing class I histone deacetylases. Carcinogenesis 33:377–384.
141. Thangapazham, R.L., Singh, A.K., Sharma, A., Warren, J., Gaddipati, J.P. and Maheshwari, R.K. (2007). Green tea polyphenols and its constituent epigallocatechin gallate inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett. 245:232–241.
142. Tran, P.L., Kim, S.A., Choi, H.S., Yoon, J.H. and Ahn, S.G. (2010). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 and exhibits anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer. 10:276.
143. Tsukamoto, S., Hirotsu, K., Kumazoe, M., Goto, Y., Sugihara, K., Suda, T., Tsurudome, Y., Suzuki, T., Yamashita, S., Kim, Y., Huang, Y., Yamada, K. and Tachibana, H. (2012). Green tea polyphenol EGCG induces lipid raft clustering and apoptotic cell death by activating protein kinase Cδ and acid sphingomyelinase through 67-kDa laminin receptor in multiple myeloma cells. Biochem. J. (In press).
144. Wang, H., Bian, S. and Yang, C.S. (2011). Green tea polyphenol EGCG suppresses lung cancer cell growth through upregulating miR-210 expression caused by stabilizing HIF-1α. Carcinogenesis (In press).
145. Wang, H., Provan, G.J. and Helliwell, K. (2000). Tea flavonoids: Their functions, utilization and analysis. Trends Food. Sci. Technol. 11:152–160.
146. Wang, P., Heber, D. and Henning, SM. (2012). Quercetin increased bioavailability and decreased methylation of green tea polyphenols in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct. [In press]
147. Wang, Z.Y., Agarwal, R., Bickers, D.R. and Mukhtar, H. (1991). Protection against ultraviolet I3 radiation-induced photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice by green tea poly-phenols. Carcinogenesis 12:1527–1530.
148. Wang, Z.Y., Cheng, S.J., Zhou, Z.C., Athar, M., Khan, W.A., Bickers, D.R. and Mukhtar, H. (1989). Antimutagenic activity of green tea polyphenols. Mutat. Res. 223:273–289.
149. Way, T., Lee, H., Kao, M. and Lin, J. (2004). Black tea polyphenol theaflavins inhibit aromatase activity and attenuate tamoxifen resistance in HER2/neu-transfected human breast cancer cells through tyrosine kinase suppression. Eur. J. Cancer. 40:2165–2174.
150. Xiao, G.S., Jin, Y.S., Lu, Q.Y., Zhang, Z.F., Belldegrun, A., Figlin, R., Pantuck, A., Yen, Y., Li, F. and Rao, J. (2007b). Annexin-I as a potential target for green tea extract induced actin remodeling. Int J. Cancer. 120:111–120.
151. Xiao, H., Hao, X., Simi, B., Ju, J., Jiang, H., Reddy, B.S. and Yang, C.S. (2007a). Green tea polyphenols inhibit colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and prevent oncogenic changes in dysplastic ACF in azoxymethane-treated F344 rats. Carcinogenesis 29(1):113–119.
152. Xu, G., Ren, G., Xu, X., Yuan, H., Wang, Z., Kang, L., Yu, W. and Tian, K. (2010). Combination of curcumin and green tea catechins prevents dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. Food Chem. Toxicol. 48:390–395.
153. Yamauchi, R., Sasaki, K. and Yoshida, K. (2009). Identification of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea polyphenols as a potent inducer of p53-dependent apoptosis in the human lung cancer cell line A549. Toxicol. In. Vitro. 23:834–839.
154. Yang, C.S. and Landau, J.M. (2000). Effects of tea consumption on Nutrition and health. J. Nutr. 130:2409–2412.
155. Yilmaz, Y. (2006). Novel uses of catechins in foods. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 17:64–71.
156. Yokoyama, M., Noguchi, M., Nakao, Y., Ysunaga, M., Yamasaki, F. and Iwasaka, T. (2008). Antiproliferative effects of the major tea polyphenol, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate and retinoic acid in cervical adenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 108:326–331.
157. Zaveri, N.T. (2006). Green tea and its polyphenolic catechins: Medicinal uses in cancer and noncancer applications. Life Sci. 78:2073–2080.
158. Zhang, J. and Shen, X. (1997). Antioxidant activities of Baicalin, green tea polyphenols and alizarin in vitro and in vivo. J. Nutr. Environ. Med. 7:79–89.
159. Zhang, Y., Han, G., Fan, B., Zhou, Y., Zhou, X., Wei, L., Zhang, J. (2009b). Green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate down-regulates VASP expression and inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion by attenuating Rac1 activity. Eur J. Pharmacol. 606(1–3):172–179.
160. Zhang, Z.M., Yang, X.Y., Yuan, J.H., Sun, Z.Y., Li, Y.Q. (2009a). Modulation of NRF2 and UGT1A expression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate in colon cancer cells and BALB/c mice. Chin Med J. (Engl). 122(14):1660–1665.
161. Zhao, X., Tian, H., Ma, X. and Li, L. ((2006)). Epigallocatechin gallate, the main ingredient of green tea induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Front Biosci. 111:2428–2433.
162. Zheng, P-S., Iwasaka, T., Yokoyama, M., Nakao, Y., Pater, A., Sugimori, H. 1997. Telomerase activation in in vitro and in vivo cervical carcinogenesis. Gynecol Oncol. 66:222–226.
163. Zhou, F., Zhou, H., Wang, T., Mu, Y., Wu, B., Guo, D.L., Zhang, X.M. and Wu, Y. (2012). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits proliferation and migration of human colon cancer SW620 cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 33:120–126 (In press).
164. Zou, C., Liu, H., Feugang, J.M., Hao, Z., Chow, H.H. and Garcia, F. (2010). Green tea compound in chemoprevention of cervical cancer. Int J. Gynecol Cancer. 20(4):617–624.