Skills and Skilled Work: An Economic and Social Analysis

Skills and Skilled Work: An Economic and Social Analysis

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 1-240

  Green, Francis ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Education; Employers; Literacy standards; Skilled work; Skills; Skills policy; Training; Workers

Indexed keywords

EID: 84911208987     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199642854.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (377)

1. Acemoglu, D. (1998). 'Why do New Technologies Complement Skills? Directed Technical Change and Wage Inequality', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113/4: 1055-89.
2. Acemoglu, D., and Autor, D. (2011). 'Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings', in O. Ashenfelter and D. E. Card (eds), Handbook of Labor Economics Volume 4. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
3. Acemoglu, D., and Pischke, J.-S. (1999). 'The Structure of Wages and Investment in General Training', Journal of Political Economy, 107/3: 539-72.
4. Adnett, N., and Davies, P. (2002). 'Education as a Positional Good: Implications for Market-Based Reforms of State Schooling', British Journal of Educational Studies, 50/2:189-205.
5. Akerlof, G. A. (1982). 'Labor Contracts as Partial Gift Exchange', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 97 (November): 543-69.
6. Allen, J., and van der Velden, R. (2001). 'Educational Mismatches versus Skill Mismatches:Effects on Wages, Job Satisfaction, and On-the-Job Search', Oxford Economic Papers, 53/3: 434-52.
7. Allen, J., and van der Velden, R. (2007) (eds), The Flexible Professional in the Knowledge Society: General Results of the REFLEX Project. Maastricht: The Netherlands: Research Centre for Education.
8. Almeida-Santos, F., and Mumford, K. A. (2004). 'Employee Training in Australia: Evidence from AWIRS', Economic Record, 80 (Special Issue, September): S53-64.
9. Appelbaum, E., Bailey, T., Berg, P., and Kalleberg, A. L. (2000). Manufacturing Advantage:Why High-Performance Work Systems Pay Off. Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell University Press.
10. Arnett, J. J. (2006). 'Emerging Adulthood in Europe: A Response to Bynner', Journal of Youth Studies, 9/1: 111-23.
11. Ashenfelter, O., Doran, K., and Schaller, B. (2010). 'A Shred of Credible Evidence on the Long-Run Elasticity of Labour Supply', Economica, 77/308: 637-50.
12. Ashton, D., and Green, F. (1996). Education, Training and the Global Economy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
13. Ashton, D., Green, F., James, D., and Sung, J. (1999). Education and Training for Development in East Asia: The Political Economy of Skill Formation in East Asian Newly Industrialised Economies. London and New York: Routledge.
14. Attanasio, O. P., Meghir, C., and Santiago, A. (2012). 'Education Choices in Mexico: Using a Structural Model and a Randomized Experiment to Evaluate PROGRESA', Review of Economic Studies, 79/1: 37-66.
15. Attewell, P. (1990). 'What Is Skill?', Work and Occupations, 17/14: 422-48.
16. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006). Education and Training Experience, Australia. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
17. Autor, D. H., Katz, L. F., and Krueger, A. B. (1998). 'Computing Inequality: Have Computers Changed the Labour Market?' Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113/4: 1169-214.
18. Autor, D. H., Levy, F., and Murnane, R. J. (2003a). 'The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118/4:1279-333.
19. Autor, D. H., Levy, F., and Murnane, R. J. (2003b). 'Computer-Based Technological Change and Skill', in E. Appelbaum, A. Bernhardt, and R. J. Murname (eds), Low-Wage America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
20. Avineri, S. (1968). The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21. Banks, M. (1988). 'Job Components Inventory', in S. Gael (ed.), The Job Analysis Handbook for Business, Industry, and Government. New York: Wiley, ii. 960-74.
22. Barr, N. (2012). Economics of the Welfare State. 5th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
23. Barro, R. J., and Lee, J. W. (1996). 'International Measures of Schooling Years and Schooling Quality', American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 86/2: 218-23.
24. Barro, R. J., and Lee, J. W. (2001). 'International Data on Educational Attainment: Updates and Implications', Oxford Economic Papers, 53/3: 541-63.
25. Bartel, A. P. (1995). 'Training, Wage Growth, and Job Performance: Evidence from a Company Database', Journal of Labour Economics, 13/3: 401-25.
26. Bartel, A. P. (2000). 'Measuring the Employer's Return on Investments in Training:Evidence from the Literature', Industrial Relations, 39/3: 502-24.
27. Bartel, A. P., and Sicherman, N. (1998). 'Technological Change and the Skill Acquisition of Young Workers', Journal of Labor Economics, 16/4: 718-55.
28. Bassanini, A., Booth, A., Brunello, G., De Paola, M., and Leuven, E. (2005). 'Workplace Training in Europe', IZA, June, Discussion Paper No. 1640.
29. Bassi, L., and McMurrer, D. (2004). 'How's Your Return on People?', Harvard Business Review, 82/3: 18.
30. Battu, H., Belfiel, C. R., and Sloane, P. (1999). 'Overeducation among Graduates: A Cohort View', Education Economics, 7/1: 21-38.
31. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
32. Bedi, A. S., Kimalu, P. K., Mandab, D. K., and Nafula, N. (2004). 'The Decline in Primary School Enrolment in Kenya', Journal of African Economies, 13/1: 1-43.
33. Berman, E, Bound, J., and Machin, S. (1998). 'Implications of Skill-Biased Technological Change: International Evidence', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113: 1245-79.
34. Biesta, G. J. J., Field, J., Hodkinson, P., Macleod, F. J., and Goodson, I. F. (2011). Improving Learning through the Lifecourse. London: Routledge.
35. Black, S., and Lynch, L. (1996). 'Human Capital Investments and Productivity', American Economic Review, 86 (May): 263-8.
36. Blanden, J., Gregg, P., and Macmillan, L. (2008). 'Accounting for Intergenerational Persistence: Non-Cognitive Skills, Ability and Education', Economic Journal, 117: C43-C60.
37. Blauner, Robert (1964). Alienation and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
38. Blickle, G., Meurs, J. A., Zettler, I., Solga, J., Noethen, D., Kramer, J., and Ferris, G. R. (2008). 'Personality, Political Skill, and Job Performance', Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72/3: 377-87.
39. Bloom, N., and J. van Reenen (2007). 'Measuring and explaining management practices across firms and countries.' Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122 (4): 1351-408.
40. Bloom, N., and van Reenen, J. (2010). 'Why Do Management Practices Differ across Firms and Countries?', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24/1: 203-24.
41. Boheim, R., and Booth, A. L. (2004). 'Trade Union Presence and Employer-Provided Training in Great Britain', Industrial Relations, 43/3: 520-45.
42. Booth, A. (1991). 'Job-Related Formal Training: Who Receives It and What Is It Worth?', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 53: 281-94.
43. Booth, A. L., and Bryan, M. L. (2005). 'Testing Some Predictions of Human Capital Theory:New Evidence from Britain', Review of Economics and Statistics, 87/2: 391-4.
44. Booth, A. L., and Chatterji, M. (1998). 'Unions and Efficient Training', Economic Journal, 108/447: 328-43.
45. Borghans, L., Duckworth, A. L., Heckman, J. J., and ter Weel, B. (2008). 'The Economics and Psychology of Personality Traits', Journal of Human Resources, 43/4: 972-1059.
46. Bosch, G. (2010). 'The Revitalization of the Dual System of Vocational Training in Germany', in G. Bosch and J. Charest (eds), Vocational Training: International Perspectives. London: Routledge, 136-61.
47. Bosch, G., and Charest, J. (2010) (eds). Vocational Training: International Perspectives. London: Routledge.
48. Bosch, G., Rubery, J., and Lehndorff, S. (2007). 'European Employment Models under Pressure to Change', International Labour Review, 146/3-4: 253-77.
49. Boudreau, J. W., and Ramstad, P. M. (2005). 'Talentship, Talent Segmentation, and Sustainability: A New HR Decision Science Paradigm for a New Strategy Definition', Human Resource Management, 44/2: 129-36.
50. Bowles, S. (1998). 'Endogenous Preferences: The Cultural Consequences of Markets and Other Economic Institutions', Journal of Economic Literature, 36/1: 75-111.
51. Bowles, S., and Gintis, H. (1976). Schooling in Capitalist America. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
52. Bowles, S., and Gintis, H. (1988). 'Schooling in Capitalist America: Reply to our Critics', in M. Cole (ed.), Bowles and Gintis Revisited. London: Falmer Press, 235-45.
53. Bowles, S., and Gintis, H. (2002). 'Schooling in Capitalist America Revisited', Sociology of Education, 75/1: 1-18.
54. Boxall, P., and Purcell, J. (2011). Strategy and Human Resource Management. 3rd edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
55. Bratti, M. (2003). 'Labour Force Participation and Marital Fertility of Italian Women: The Role of Education', Journal of Population Economics, 16/3: 525-54.
56. Braverman, H. (1974). Labor and Monopoly Capital. New York: Monthly Review Press.
57. Brockmann, M., Clarke, L., and Winch, C. (2008). 'Knowledge, Skills, Competence:European Divergences in Vocational Education and Training (VET): The English, German and Dutch Cases', Oxford Review of Education, 34/5: 547-67.
58. Brockmann, M., Clarke, L., Winch, C., Hanf, G., Méhaut, P., and Westerhuis, A. (2011). 'Introduction: Cross-National Equivalence of Skills and Qualifications across Europe?', in M. Brockmann, L. Clarke, and C. Winch (eds), Knowledge, Skills and Competence in the European Labour Market, Abingdon: Routledge, 1-21.
59. Brown, P., Lauder, H., and Ashton, D. (2011). The Global Auction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
60. Browning, M., and Heinesen, E. (2012). 'Effect of Job Loss Due to Plant Closure on Mortality and Hospitalization', Journal of Health Economics, 31/4: 599-616.
61. Brynjolfsson, E., and Hitt, L. M. (2000). 'Beyond Computation: Information Technology, Organizational Transformation and Business Performance', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14/4: 23-48.
62. Buchanan, J., Yu, S., Marginson, S., and Wheelahan, L. (2009). Education, Work and Economic Renewal. Southbank: Australian Education Union.
63. Buchanan, J., Scott, L., Yu, S., Schutz, H., and Jakubauskas, M. (2010). 'Skills Demand and Utilisation: An International Review of Approaches to Measurement and Policy Development'. Paris, OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Working Papers 2010/04.
64. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2011). BLS Handbook of Methods. Washington: Office of Publications and Special Studies <> (accessed 17 November 2012).
65. Busemeyer, M. R., and Trampusch, C. (2011). 'Introduction: The Comparative Political Economy of Collective Skill Formation', in M. R. Busemeyer and C. Trampusch (eds), The Political Economy of Collective Skill Formation (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
66. Bynner, J. (1994). Skills and Occupations: Analysis of Cohort Members' Self-Reported Skills in the Fifth Sweep of the National Child Development Study. London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University.
67. Bynner, J. (2005). 'Rethinking the Youth Phase of the Life-Course: The Case for Emerging Adulthood?', Journal of Youth Studies, 8/4: 367-84.
68. Cappelli, P. (1993). 'Are Skill Requirements Rising? Evidence from Production and Clerical Jobs', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 46/3: 515-30.
69. Card, D., and DiNardo, J. E. (2002). 'Skill-Biased Technological Change and Rising Wage Inequality: Some Problems and Puzzles', Journal of Labor Economics, 20/4: 733-83.
70. Carmeli, A. (2006). 'The Managerial Skills of the Top Management Team and the Performance of Municipal Organisations', Local Government Studies, 32/2: 153-76.
71. Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., and Strohl, J. (2010). Help Wanted: Projections of Jobs and Education Requirements through 2018. Washington: Center on Education and the Workforce, Georgetown University.
72. Caroli, E., and van Reenen, J. (2001). 'Skill-Biased Organizational Change? Evidence from a Panel of British and French Establishments', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116/4:1449-92.
73. CEDEFOP (2009). Skills for Europe's Future: Anticipating Occupational Skill Needs. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
74. CEDEFOP (2010a). Skills for Green Jobs: European Synthesis Report. Luxembourg:Publications Office of the European Union.
75. CEDEFOP (2010b). Skills Supply and Demand in Europe: Medium-Term Forecast up to 2020. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
76. Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (2007). Understanding the Social Outcomes of Learning. Paris: OECD.
77. Chevalier, A., Harmon, C., Walker, I., and Zhu, Y. (2004). 'Does Education Raise Productivity, or Just Reflect It?', Economic Journal, 114/499: F499-F517.
78. Chowdry, H., Crawford, C., and Goodman, A. (2011). 'The Role of Attitudes and Behaviours in Explaining Socio-Economic Differences in Attainment at Age 16', Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 2/1: 59-76.
79. Christen, R. N., Alder, J., and Bitzer, J. (2008). 'Gender Differences in Physicians' Communicative Skills and their Influence on Patient Satisfaction in Gynaecological Outpatient Consultations', Social Science & Medicine, 66/7: 1474-83.
80. Christopoulou, R., and Ryan, P. (2009). 'Youth Outcomes in the Labour Markets of Advanced Economies: Decline, Deterioration, and Causes', in I. Schoon and R. K. Silbereisen (eds), Transitions from School to Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 67-94.
81. Chusseau, N., Dumont, M., and Hellier, J. (2008). 'Explaining Rising Inequality: Skill-Biased Technical Change and North-South Trade', Journal of Economic Surveys, 22/3: 409-57.
82. Cieslik, M. (2006). 'Reflexivity, Learning Identities and Adult Basic Skills in the United Kingdom', British Journal of Sociology of Education, 27/2: 237-50.
83. CIPD (2011). Meeting the UK's People Management Skills Deficit. London: CIPD.
84. Clarke, L., and Winch, C. (2006). 'A European Skills Framework?: But what Are Skills? Anglo-Saxon versus German Concepts', Journal of Education and Work, 19/3: 255-69.
85. Cockburn, C. (1983). Brothers: Male Dominance and Social Change. London: Pluto Press.
86. Collier, W., Green, F., and Peirson, J. (2005). 'Training and Establishment Survival', Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 52/5: 710-35.
87. Collier, W., Green, F., Kim, Y.-B., and Peirson, J. (2011). 'Education, Training and Economic Performance: Evidence from Establishment Survival Data', Journal of Labor Research, 32/4: 336-61.
88. Colombo, E., and Stanca, L. (2008). 'The Impact of Training on Productivity: Evidence from a Large Panel of Firms'. Milan, University of Milan-Bicocca, Department of Economics, Working Paper No. 134.
89. Conway, N., Deakin, S., Konzelmann, S., Petit, H., Rebérioux, A., and Wilkinson, F. (2008). 'The Influence of Stock Market Listing on Human Resource Management: Evidence for France and Britain', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 46/4: 631-73.
90. Cooney, R., and Gospel, H. (2008). 'Interfirm Cooperation in Training: Group Training in the UK and Australia', Industrial Relations Journal, 39/5: 411-27.
91. Côté, J., and Bynner, J. M. (2008). 'Changes in the Transition to Adulthood in the UK and Canada: The Role of Structure and Agency in Emerging Adulthood', Journal of Youth Studies, 11/3: 251-68.
92. Crouch, C., Finegold, D., and Sato, M. (1999). Are Skills the Answer? The Political Economy of Skill Creation in Advanced Industrial Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
93. Cully, M., van den Heuvel, A., Wooden, M., and Curtain, R. (2000). 'Participation in, and Barriers to, Training: The Experience of Older Adults', Australasian Journal on Ageing, 19/4: 172-9.
94. Culpepper, P. D. (2003). Creating Cooperation. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
95. Culpepper, P. D., and Thelen, K. (2008). 'Institutions and Collective Actors in the Provision of Training: Historical and Cross-National Comparisons', in K. U. Mayer and H. Solga (eds), Skill Formation: Interdisciplinary and Cross-National Perspectives. New York:Cambridge University Press.
96. Curry, A. (2010). The World in 2020: The Business Challenges of the Future. London:Futures Company.
97. Davies, B., Gore, K., Shury, J., Vivian, D., Winterbotham, M., and Constable, S. (2011). UK Commission's Employer Skills Survey 2011: UK Results. Wath-upon-Dearne: UK Commission for Employment and Skills.
98. De Grip, A., and van Loo, J. (2002). 'The Economics of Skills Obsolescence: A Review', Research in Labor Economics: A Research Annual, 21: 1-26.
99. Dearden, L., Reed, H., and van Reenen, J. (2006). 'The Impact of Training on Productivity and Wages: Evidence from British Panel Data', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68/4: 397-421.
100. Dearden, L., Emmerson, C., Frayne, C., and Meghir, C. (2009). 'Conditional Cash Transfers and School Dropout Rates', Journal of Human Resources, 44/4: 827-57.
101. Department of Education Employment and Workplace Relations (2011). Skill Shortages Australia, Commonwealth of Australia <> (accessed 17 November 2012).
102. Dickerson, A., and Green, F. (2004). 'The Growth and Valuation of Computing and Other Generic Skills', Oxford Economic Papers, 56/3: 371-406.
103. Dickerson, A., and Wilson, R. (2012). Developing Occupational Skills Profiles for the UK:A Feasibility Study. London: UK Commission for Employment and Skills, Evidence Report 44.
104. Dobbin, F., and Boychuk, T. (1999). 'National Employment Systems and Job Autonomy:Why Job Autonomy is High in the Nordic Countries and Low in the United States, Canada and Australia', Organization Studies, 20/2: 257-92.
105. Doeringer, Peter B., and Piore, Michael J. (1971). Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysis. Massachusetts: D. C. Heath and Company.
106. Dolton, P., and Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O. (2009). 'Overeducation across Europe', in P. Dolton, R. Asplund, and E. Barth (eds), Education and Inequality across Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
107. Dolton, P., and Vignoles, A. (2000). 'The Incidence and Effects of Overeducation in the UK Graduate Labour Market', Economics of Education Review, 19: 179-98.
108. Dustmann, C., and Schoenberg, U. (2008). 'Why Does the German Apprenticeship System Work?', in K. U. Mayer and H. Solga (eds), Skill Formation: Interdisciplinary and Cross-National Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 85-108.
109. Dustmann, C., and Schoenberg, U. (2009). 'Training and Union Wages', Review of Economics and Statistics, 91/2: 363-76.
110. Ecclestone, K., Biesta, G., and Hughes, M. (2010). 'Transitions in the Lifecourse: The Role of Identity, Agency and Structure', in K. Ecclestone, G. Biesta and M. Hughes (eds), Transitions and Learning through the Lifecourse. London: Routledge, 1-15.
111. Edwards, R. C., Gordon, D. M., and Reich, M. (1982). Segmented Work, Divided Workers:The Historical Transformation of Labor in the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
112. Eisenhardt, K., and Martin, J. (2000). 'Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?', Strategic Management Journal, 21: 1105-21.
113. Erez, M. (2010). 'Culture and Job Design', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31/2-3:389-400.
114. Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
115. Estevez-Abe, G. (2005). 'Gender Bias in Skills and Social Policies: The Varieties of Capitalism Perspective on Sex Segregation', Social Politics, 12/2: 180-215.
116. European Social Statistics (2002). Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS2). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
117. Evans, K. (2002). 'Taking Control of their Lives? Agency in Young Adult Transitions in England and the New Germany', Journal of Youth Studies, 5/3: 245-69.
118. Evans, K., and Waite, E. (2010). Adults Learning in and through the Workplace', in K. Ecclestone, G. Biesta, and M. Hughes (eds), Transitions and Learning through the Lifecourse. London: Routledge, 162-81.
119. Evans, K., Schoon, I., and Weale, M. (2010). 'Life Chances, Learning and the Dynamics of Risk throughout the Life Course'. London, Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies (LLAKES), Research Paper 9 <> (accessed 17 November 2012).
120. Evertsson, M. (2004). 'Formal on-the-Job Training: A Gender-Typed Experience and Wage-Related Advantage?', European Sociological Review, 20/1: 79-94.
121. Felstead, A., Green, F., and Mayhew, K. (1997). Getting the Measure of Training. Leeds:Centre for Industrial Policy and Performance, University of Leeds.
122. Felstead, A., Gallie, D., and Green, F. (2002). Work Skills in Britain 1986-2001. Nottingham: DfES Publications.
123. Felstead, A., Gallie, D., Green, F., and Zhou, Y. (2007a). Skills at Work, 1986 to 2006. Oxford: University of Oxford, SKOPE.
124. Felstead, A., Fuller, A., Jewson, N., Kakavelakis, K., and Unwin, L. (2007b). 'Grooving to the Same Tunes? Learning, Training and Productive Systems in the Aerobics Studio', Work, Employment and Society, 21/2: 189-208.
125. Felstead, A., Fuller, A., Jewson, N., and Unwin, L. (2009). Improving Working as Learning. Abingdon: Routledge.
126. Felstead, A., Gallie, D., Green, F., and Zhou, Y. (2010). 'Employee Involvement, the Quality of Training and the Learning Environment: An Individual-Level Analysis', International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21/10: 1667-88.
127. Felstead, A., Green, F., and Jewson, N. (2012). 'An Analysis of the Impact of the 2008-09 Recession on the Provision of Training in the UK', Work, Employment and Society, 26/6:968-86.
128. Fernández-Macías, E., and Hurley, J. (2008). More and Better Jobs: Patterns of Employment Expansion in Europe. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
129. Ferris, G. R., Witt, L. A., and Hochwarter, W. A. (2001). 'Interaction of Social Skill and General Mental Ability on Job Performance and Salary', Journal of Applied Psychology, 86/6: 1075-82.
130. Fersterer, J., and Winter-Ebmer, R. (2003). 'Smoking, Discount Rates, and Returns to Education', Economics of Education Review, 22/6: 561-6.
131. Fersterer, J., Pischke, J. S., and Winter-Ebmer, R. (2008). 'Returns to Apprenticeship Training in Austria: Evidence from Failed Firms', Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 110/4: 733-53.
132. Field, J. (2006). Lifelong Learning and the New Educational Order. Stoke on Trent:Trentham.
133. Field, J. (2010). 'Preface', in K. Ecclestone, G. Biesta, and M. Hughes (eds), Transitions and Learning through the Lifecourse. London: Routledge, pp. xvii-xxiv.
134. Finegold, D. (1999). 'Creating Self-Sustaining, High-Skill Ecosystems', Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 15/1: 60-81.
135. Finegold, D., and Mason, G. (1999). 'National Training Systems and Industrial Performance: US-European Matched-Plant Comparisons', Research in Labor Economics, 8: 331-58.
136. Finegold, D., and Soskice, D. (1988). 'The Failure of British Training: Analysis and Prescription', Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 4/3: 21-53.
137. Finegold, D., Wong, P. K., and Cheah, T. C. (2004). 'Adapting a Foreign Direct Investment Strategy to the Knowledge Economy: The Case of Singapore's Emerging Biotechnology Cluster', European Planning Studies, 12/7: 921-41.
138. Finnie, R., and Meng, R. (2005). 'Literacy and Labour Market Outcomes: Self-Assessment versus Test Score Measures', Applied Economics, 37/17: 1935-51.
139. Flannery, D., and O'Donoghue, C. (2009). 'The Determinants of Higher Education Participation in Ireland: A Micro Analysis', Economic and Social Review, 40/1: 73-107.
140. Forrier, A., and Sels, L. (2003). 'Temporary Employment and Employability: Training Opportunities and Efforts of Temporary and Permanent Employees in Belgium', Work Employment and Society, 17/4: 641-66.
141. Freeman, R., and Medoff, J. L. (1984). What Do Unions Do? New York: Basic Books.
142. Freeman, R., and Schettkatt, R. (2001). 'Skill Compression, Wage Differentials and Employment: Germany vs the US', Oxford Economic Papers, 53/3: 583-603.
143. Friedman, A. L. (1977). Industry and Labour. London: Macmillan.
144. Froy, F., and Giguère, S. (2010). Putting in Place Jobs that Last. Paris: OECD.
145. Fuller, A., and Unwin, L. (2004). 'Expansive Learning Environments: Integrating Personal and Organisational Development', in H. Rainbird, A. Fuller, and A. Munro (eds), Workplace Learning in Context. London: Routledge.
146. Fuller, A., and Unwin, L. (2011). ''57orkplace Learning and the Organization', in M. Malloch, L. Cairns, K. Evans, and B. N. O'Connor (eds), The Sage Handbook of Workplace Learning. London: Sage.
147. Gallie, D. (2003). 'The Quality of Working Life: Is Scandinavia Different?', European Sociological Review, 19/1: 61-79.
148. Gallie, D. (2011). 'Production Regimes, Employee Job Control and Skill Development, Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies'. London, Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies (LLAKES), Research Paper 31 <> (accessed 17 November 2012).
149. Gallie, D., White, M., Cheng, Y., and Tomlinson, M. (1998). Restructuring the Employment Relationship. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
150. Gallie, D., Felstead, A., and Green, F. (2004). 'Changing Patterns of Task Discretion in Britain', Work Employment and Society, 18/2: 243-66.
151. Gallie, D., Zhou, Y., Felstead, A., and Green, F. (2012). 'Teamwork, Skill Development and Employee Welfare', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 50/1: 23-46.
152. Game, A. M. (2007). 'Workplace Boredom Coping: Health, Safety, and HR Implications', Personnel Review, 36/5-6: 701-21.
153. Gaudart, C., and Weill-Fasina, A. (1999). 'L'Évolution des compétences au cour de la vie professionelle: Une approche ergonomique', Formation Emploi, 67: 47-62.
154. Gibson, J. (2002). 'Decomposing Ethnic Differences in the Incidence of Employer-Provided Training in New Zealand', Applied Economics Letters, 9/2: 121-6.
155. Giret, J. F., and Masjuan, J. M. (1999). 'The Diffusion of Qualifications in the Spanish Labour Market', Journal of Education and Work, 12/2: 179-99.
156. Godard, J. (2004). 'A Critical Assessment of the High-Performance Paradigm', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 42/2: 349-78.
157. Goldin, C., and Katz, L. F. (2008). The Race between Education and Technology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
158. Goos, M., and Manning, A. (2007). 'Lousy and Lovely Jobs: The Rising Polarization of Work in Britain', Review of Economics and Statistics, 89/1: 118-33.
159. Goos, M., Manning, A., and Salomons, A. (2009). 'Job Polarization in Europe', American Economic Association, 99/2: 58-63.
160. Goos, M., Manning, A., and Salomons, A. (2010). 'Explaining Job Polarization in Europe:The Roles of Technology, Globalization and Institutions'. London School of Economics, CEP Discussion Paper No 1026.
161. Gospel, H., and Foreman, J. (2006). 'Inter-Firm Training Co-Ordination in Britain', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 44/2: 191-214.
162. Goux, D., and Maurin, E. (2000). 'Returns to Firm-Provided Training: Evidence from French Worker-Firm Matched Data', Labour Economics, 7/1: 1-19.
163. Green, A. (1999). 'East Asian Skill Formation Systems and the Challenge of Globalisation', Journal of Education and Work, 12/3: 253-79.
164. Green, A. (2011). 'Lifelong Learning, Equality and Social Cohesion', European Journal of Education, 46/2: 228-48.
165. Green, A., and Janmaat, J. G. (2011). Regimes of Social Cohesion: Societies and the Crisis of Globalisation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
166. Green, A., Preston, J., and Janmaat, J. G. (2006). Education, Equality and Social Cohesion. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
167. Green, C., Kler, P., and Leeves, G. (2007). 'Immigrant Overeducation: Evidence from Recent Arrivals to Australia', Economics of Education Review, 26/4: 420-32.
168. Green, F. (1992). 'On the Political Economy of Skill in the Advanced Industrial Nations', Review of Political Economy, 4/4: 413-35.
169. Green, F. (1993). 'The Determinants of Training of Male and Female Employees in Britain', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 55/1 (February): 103-22.
170. Green, F. (2006). Demanding Work: The Paradox of Job Quality in the Affluent Economy. Woodstock: Princeton University Press.
171. Green, F. (2008). 'Leeway for the Loyal: A Model of Employee Discretion', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 46/1: 1-32.
172. Green, F. (2012). 'Employee Involvement, Technology and Evolution in Job Skills: A Task-Based Analysis', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 65/1: 35-66.
173. Green, F., and Keese, M. (2013) (eds). Job Tasks, Work Skills and the Labour Market. Paris: OECD.
174. Green, F., and Mcintosh, S. (2007). 'Is there a Genuine Underutilisation of Skills amongst the Over-Qualified?', Applied Economics, 39/4: 427-39.
175. Green, F., and Mostafa, T. (2012). Trends in Job Quality in Europe: A Report Based on the Fifth European Working Conditions Survey. Dublin: Eurofound.
176. Green, F., and Zhu, Y. (2010). 'Overqualification, Job Dissatisfaction, and Increasing Dispersion in the Returns to Graduate Education', Oxford Economic Papers, 62/2: 740-63.
177. Green, F., Ashton, D., James, D., and Sung, J. (1999a). 'The Role of the State in Skill Formation: Evidence from the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan', Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 15/1: 82-96.
178. Green, F., Machin, S., and Wilkinson, D. (1999b). 'Trade Unions and Training Practices in British Workplaces', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 52/2: 175-95.
179. Green, F., McIntosh, S., and Vignoles, A. (2002). 'The Utilization of Education and Skills:Evidence from Britain', Manchester School, 70/6: 792-811.
180. Green, F., Felstead, A., and Gallie, D. (2003a). 'Computers and the Changing Skill-Intensity of Jobs', Applied Economics, 35/14: 1561-76.
181. Green, F., Mayhew, K., and Molloy, E. (2003b). Employers' Perspectives Survey. Nottingham: Department for Education and Skills.
182. Green, F., Felstead, A., and Gallie, D. (2013). 'Skills and Work Organisation in Britain', in F. Green and M. Keese (eds), Job Tasks, Work Skills and the Labour Market. Paris: OECD.
183. Green, F., Mostafa, T., Parent-Thirion, A., Vermeylen, G., Houten, G. V., Biletta, I., and Lyly-Yrjanainen, M. (2013). 'Is Job Quality Becoming More Unequal?', Industrial and Labor Relations Review.
184. Greenan, N. (2003). 'Organisational Change, Technology, Employment and Skills: An Empirical Study of French Manufacturing', Cambridge Journal of Economics, 27/2: 287-316.
185. Greenhalgh, C. and G. Mavrotas (1994). 'The Role Of Career Aspirations And Financial Constraints In Individual Access To Vocational Training.' Oxford Economic Papers 46 (4):579-604.
186. Gregg, P., and Tominey, E. (2005). 'The Wage Scar from Male Youth Unemployment', Labour Economics, 12/4: 487-509.
187. Gregory, M., Zissimos, B., and Greenhalgh, C. (2001). 'Jobs for the Skilled: How Technology, Trade, and Domestic Demand Changed the Structure of UK Employment, 1979-90', Oxford Economic Papers, 53/1: 20-46.
188. Grissmer, D. W. (2000). 'The Continuing Use and Misuse of SAT Scores', Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 6/1: 223-32.
189. Groot, W., and Maassen van den Brink, H. (2000). 'Overeducation in the Labour Market:A Meta-Analysis', Economics of Education Review, 19/2: 149-58.
190. Grugulis, I., and Stoyanova, D. (2011). 'Skill and Performance', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 49/3: 515-36.
191. Gutman, L. M., and Akerman, R. (2008). 'Determinants of Aspirations'. London, Institute of Education, Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning, Research Report 27.
192. Hall, P., and Soskice, D. (2001). 'An Introduction to Varieties of Capitalism', in P. Hall and D. Soskice (eds), Varieties of Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1-70.
193. Hamermesh, D. (1993). Labor Demand. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
194. Hamermesh, D. S., Meng, X., and Zhang, J. S. (2002). 'Dress for Success: Does Primping Pay?' Labour Economics, 9/3: 361-73.
195. Handel, M. J. (2008). 'Measuring Job Content: Skills, Technology, and Management Practices'. Institute for Research on Poverty, Discussion Paper 1357-08.
196. Handel, M. (2013). 'What Do People Do at Work'?, in F. Green and M. Keese (eds), Job Tasks, Work Skills and the Labour Market. Paris: OECD.
197. Hanushek, E. A., and Kimko, D. D. (2000). 'Schooling, Labor-Force Quality, and the Growth of Nations', American Economic Review, 90/5: 1184-208.
198. Hanushek, E. A., and Woessman, L. (2010). 'The Economics of International Differences in Educational Achievement'. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 15949.
199. Harmon, C., Oosterbeek, H., and Walker, I. (2003). 'The Returns to Education:Microeconomics', Journal of Economic Surveys, 17/2: 115-55.
200. Harrington, Paul E., and Sum, Andrew M. (2010a). 'College Labor Shortages in 2018?', New England Journal of Higher Education, November <> (accessed 18 November 2012).
201. Harrington, Paul E., and Sum, Andrew M. (2010b). 'College Labor Shortages in 2018? Part Deux', New England Journal of Higher Education, December <> (accessed 18 November 2012).
202. Hartog, J., Pereira, P. T., and Vieira, J. A. C. (2001). 'Changing Returns to Education in Portugal during the 1980s and Early 1990s: OLS and Quantile Regression Estimators', Applied Economics, 33/8: 1021-37.
203. Hashimoto, M. (1982). 'Firm-Specific Human-Capital as a Shared Investment', American Economic Review, 71/3: 475-82.
204. Haskel, J., and Martin, C. (1993). 'Do Skill Shortages Reduce Productivity: Theory and Evidence from the United Kingdom', Economic Journal, 103/417: 386-94.
205. Haskel, J., and Heden, Y. (1999). 'Computers and the Demand for Skilled Labour:Industry- and Establishment-Level Panel Evidence for the UK', Economic Journal, 109 (March): C68-79.
206. Heckman, J. J. (2008). 'Schools, Skills, and Synapses', Economic Inquiry, 46/3: 289-324.
207. Heckman, J. J., and Kautz, T. (2012). 'Hard Evidence on Soft Skills', Labour Economics, 19/4: 451-64.
208. Heckman, J., Lochner, L. and Todd, P. (2006). 'Earnings Functions, Rates of Return and Treatment Effects: The Mincer Equation and Beyond', Handbook of the Economics of Education. Amsterdam: North Holland, i, ch. 7.
209. Himmelweit, S. (1999). 'Caring Labor', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561: 27-38.
210. Hochwarter, W. A., Witt, L. A., Treadway, D. C., and Ferris, G. R. (2006). 'The Interaction of Social Skill and Organizational Support on Job Performance', Journal of Applied Psychology, 91/2: 482-9.
211. Holzer, H. J. (1998). 'Employer Skill Demands and Labor Market Outcomes of Blacks and Women', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 52/1: 82-98.
212. Hoque, K., and Bacon, N. (2011). 'Assessing the Impact of Union Learning Representatives on Training: Evidence from a Matched Sample of ULRs and Managers', Work Employment and Society, 25/2: 218-33.
213. Howell, D., and Wolff, E. (1991). 'Trends in the Growth and Distribution of Skill in the US Workplace, 1960-1985', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 44/3: 481-501.
214. Hutton, W. (1996). The State We're In. London: Vintage.
215. Ichniowski, C., and Shaw, K. (1999). 'The Effects of Human Resource Management Systems on Economic Performance: An International Comparison of US and Japanese Plants', Management Science, 45/5: 704-21.
216. Ichniowski, C., Shaw, K., and Prennushi, G. (1997). 'The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Productivity', American Economic Review, 87 (June): 291-313.
217. James, L., Guile, D., and Unwin, L. (2012). 'From Learning for the Knowledge-Based Economy to Learning for Growth: Re-Examining Clusters, Innovation and Qualifications'. London, Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies (LLAKES), Research Paper 29 <> (accessed 18 November 2012).
218. Jensen, J. B., and Kletzer, L. G. (2010). 'Measuring Tradable Services and the Task Content of Offshorable Services Jobs', in K. Abraham, M. Harper, and J. Spletzer (eds), Labor in the New Economy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
219. Jevons, W. S. (1871). The Theory of Political Economy. London: Macmillan.
220. Jones, G. (2009). 'From Paradigm to Paradox: Parental Support and Transitions to Independence', in I. Schoon and R. K. Silbereisen (eds), Transitions from School to Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 145-64.
221. Jones, M. K., Latreille, P. L., and Sloane, P. J. (2007). 'Crossing the Tracks? Trends in the Training of Male and Female Workers in Great Britain', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 46/2: 268-82.
222. Jones, R., and Chiripanhura, B. (2010). 'Measuring the UK's Human Capital Stock', Economic & Labour Market Review, 4/11: 36-63.
223. Kalleberg, A. L. (2011). Good Jobs, Bad Jobs. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
224. Karasek, R. A. (1979). 'Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain:Implications for Job Design', Administrative Science Quarterly, 24: 285-308.
225. Keep, E. (2006). Market Failure in Skills. Wath-upon-Dearne: SSDA Catalyst Series, No. 1, Sector Skills Development Agency.
226. Keep, E., and Mayhew, K. (2010). 'Moving beyond Skills as a Social and Economic Panacea', Work Employment and Society, 24/3: 565-77.
227. Kemptner, D., Juerges, H., and Reinhold, S. (2011). 'Changes in Compulsory Schooling and the Causal Effect of Education on Health: Evidence from Germany', Journal of Health Economics, 30/2: 340-54.
228. Klynge, A. H. (2011). 'The Returns to the Multiple Abilities'. University of Copenhagen, Ph.D. thesis.
229. Knight, F. H. (1921). Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., Riverside Press.
230. Koucký, J., Kovařovic, J., and Lepič, M. (2012). Forecasting Skill Supply and Demand in Europe to 2020. Occupational Skills Profiles: Methodology and Application. Luxembourg:CEDEFOP, Publications Office of the European Union, January.
231. Krueger, A., and Rouse, C. (1998). 'The Impact of Workplace Education on Earnings, Turnover and Job Performance', Journal of Labour Economics, 16 (January): 61-94.
232. Kuhn, P., and Weinberger, C. (2005). 'Leadership Skills and Wages', Journal of Labor Economics, 23/3: 395-436.
233. Laplagne, P., Glover, M., and Shomos, A. (2007). 'Effects of Health and Education on Labour Force Participation'. Melbourne, Staff Working Paper, Australian Government Productivity Commission.
234. Lauer, C. (2002). 'Participation in Higher Education: The Role of Cost and Return Expectations', International Journal of Manpower, 23/5: 443-57.
235. Lave, J., and Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
236. Lazear, E. (1999). 'Personnel Economics: Past Lessons and Future Directions', Journal of Labor Economics, 17/2: 199-236.
237. Leuven, E., Oosterbeek, H., and van Ophem, H. (2004). 'Explaining International Differences in Male Skill Wage Differentials by Differences in Demand and Supply of Skill', Economic Journal, 114/495: 466-86.
238. Lindley, J. (2012). 'The Gender Dimension of Technical Change and the Role of Task Inputs', Labour Economics, 19/4: 516-26.
239. Liu, X. M., and Batt, R. (2007). 'The Economic Pay-Offs to Informal Training: Evidence from Routine Service Work', Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 61/1: 75-89.
240. Lloyd, C., and Payne, J. (2010). '"We have Got the Freedom": A Study of Autonomy and Discretion among Vocational Teachers in Norway and the UK'. Cardiff, Centre on Skills, Knowledge and Organisational Performance, July, Research Paper No. 95
241. Lloyd, C., Mason, G., and Mayhew, K. (2008) (eds). Low-Wage Work in the United Kingdom. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
242. Loewenstein, M. A., and Spletzer, J. R. (1999). 'Dividing the Costs and Returns to General Training', Journal of Labor Economics, 16/1: 142-71.
243. Lucio, M. M., Skule, S., Kruse, W., and Trappmann, V. (2007). 'Regulating Skill Formation in Europe: German, Norwegian and Spanish Policies on Transferable Skills', European Journal of Industrial Relations, 13/3: 323-40.
244. MacDuffie, J. P. (1995). 'Human Resource Bundles and Manufacturing Performance:Organizational Logic and Flexible Production Systems in the World Auto Industry', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 48/2: 197-221.
245. Macduffie, J. P., and Kochan, T. A. (1995). 'Do US Firms Invest Less in Human Resources? Training in the World Auto Industry', Industrial Relations, 34/2: 147-68.
246. McGuinness, S. (2006). 'Overeducation in the Labour Market', Journal of Economic Surveys, 20/3: 387-418.
247. Machin, S. (2003). 'Wage Inequality since 1975', in R. Dickens, P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth (eds), The Labour Market under New Labour. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
248. Machin, S., and van Reenen, J. (1998). 'Technology and Changes in Skill Structure:Evidence from Seven OECD Countries', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113/4: 1215-44.
249. Machin, S., and van Reenen, J. (2007). 'Changes in Wage Inequality'. LSE, Centre for Economic Performance, Special Paper No. 18.
250. McIntosh, S., and Vignoles, A. (2001). 'Measuring and Assessing the Impact of Basic Skills on Labour Market Outcomes', Oxford Economic Papers, 53/3: 453-81.
251. McMahon, W. M. (2004). 'The Social and External Benefits of Education', in G. Johnes and J. Johnes (eds), International Handbook on the Economics of Education. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar, 211-59.
252. Mane, F., and Miravet, D. (2013). 'Using the Job Requirement Approach and Matched Employer-Employee Data to Investigate on the Content of Individual's Human Capital', in F. Green and M. Keese (eds), Job Tasks, Work Skills and the Labour Market. Paris:OECD.
253. Manning, A. (2003). Monopsony in Motion: Imperfect Competition in Labor Markets. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
254. Manning, A. (2004). 'We Can Work It Out: The Impact of Technological Change on the Demand for Low-Skill Workers', Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 51/5: 581-608.
255. Martins, P. (2010). 'Can Targeted, Non-Cognitive Skills Programs Improve Achievement? Evidence from EPIS'. Seminars in Quantitative Social Science, Institute of Education, 6 October.
256. Marx, K. (1976). Capital, Volume 1, trans. B. Fowkes. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
257. Maskell, P., and Malmberg, A. (1999). 'Localised Learning and Industrial Competitiveness', Cambridge Journal of Economics, 23: 167-85.
258. Maskell, P., and Malmberg, A. (2007). 'Myopia, Knowledge Development and Cluster Evolution', Journal of Economic Geography, 7/5: 603-18.
259. Mason, G. (2010). Product Strategies, Skill Shortages and Skill Updating Needs in England: New Evidence from the National Employers Skills Survey. London: UK Commission for Employment and Skills.
260. Mason, G., and van Ark, B. (1993). 'Productivity, Machinery and Skills In Engineering: An Anglo-Dutch Comparison', National Institute of Economic and Social Research Discussion Paper, No. 36.
261. Mastekaasa, A. (2003). 'The Best and the Brightest?', Tidsskrift for Samfunnsforskning, 44/3: 331-66.
262. Mavromaras, K., and McGuinness, S. (2012). 'Overskilling Dynamics and Education Pathways', Economics of Education Review, 31/5: 619-28.
263. Mavromaras, K., McGuinness, S., and Wooden, M. (2007). 'Overskilling in the Australian Labour Market', Australian Economic Review, 40: 307-12.
264. Mayer, K. U., and Solga, H. (2008). 'Skill Formation: Interdisciplinary and Cross-National Perspectives', in K. U. Mayer and H. Solga (eds), Skill Formation: Interdisciplinary and Cross-National Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
265. MEADOW Consortium (2010). The MEADOW Guidelines <> (accessed 18 November 2012).
266. Méhaut, P. (2011). 'Savoir: The Organizing Principle of French VET', in M. Brockmann, L. Clarke, and C. Winch (eds), Knowledge, Skills and Competence in the European Labour Market, Abingdon: Routledge, 36-49.
267. Miller, L., Kellie, D., and Acutt, B. (2001). 'Factors Influencing the Choice of Initial Qualifications and Continuing Development in Australia and Britain', International Journal of Training and Development, 5/3: 196-222.
268. Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, Experience and Earnings. New York: NBER.
269. Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (2007). The Strategy of Lifelong Learning in the Czech Republic. Prague: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports.
270. Moser, C. (1999). Improving Literacy and Numeracy: A Fresh Start. London: DfEE.
271. Mueller, F. (1996). 'Human Resources as Strategic Assets: An Evolutionary Resource-Based Theory', Journal of Management Studies, 33/6: 757-85.
272. Murnane, R. J., Willet, J. B., and Levy, F. (1995). 'The Growing Importance of Cognitive Skills in Wage Determination', Review of Economics and Statistics, 77: 251-66.
273. Murphy, P., Latreille, P. L., Jones, M., and Blackaby, D. (2008). 'Is There a Public Sector Training Advantage? Evidence from the Workplace Employment Relations Survey', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 46/4: 674-701.
274. National Research Council (2010). A Database for a Changing Economy. Washington:National Academies Press.
275. Neidell, M., and Waldfogel, J. (2009). 'Program Participation of Immigrant Children:Evidence from the Local Availability of Head Start', Economics of Education Review, 28:704-15.
276. Neill, C. (2009). 'Tuition Fees and the Demand for University Places', Economics of Education Review, 28/5: 561-70.
277. Neumark, D., Johnson, H., and Mejia, M. C. (2011). 'Future Skill Shortages in the US Economy?'. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 17213.
278. O'Connell, P. J., and Byrne, D. (2012). 'The Determinants and Effects of Training at Work:Bringing the Workplace Back In', European Sociological Review, 28/3: 283-300.
279. OECD (2000). Literacy in the Information Age: Final Report of the International Adult Literacy Survey. Paris: OECD.
280. OECD (2005). Learning a Living: First Results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey. Paris: OECD.
281. OECD (2010). Education at a Glance 2010. Paris: OECD.
282. OECD (2011). Education at a Glance 2011: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing.
283. OECD (2012). Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives: A Strategic Approach to Skills Policies. Paris: OECD.
284. OECD, Human Resources Development Canada and Statistics Canada (1997). Literacy Skills for the Knowledge Society: Further Results from the International Adult Literacy Survey. Paris: OECD.
285. OECD and Statistics Canada (1995). Literacy, Economy and Society, Results of the First International Adult Literacy Survey. Paris and Ottawa: OECD.
286. Official Statistics of Finland (OSF) (2005). CVTS, Continuing Vocational Training Survey [e-publication]. Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
287. Oliver, J. M., and Turton, J. R. (1982). 'Is there a Shortage of Skilled Labour?', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 20: 195-200.
288. Ollo-Lopez, A., Bayo-Moriones, A., and Larraza-Kintana, M. (2010). 'The Relationship between New Work Practices and Employee Effort', Journal of Industrial Relations, 52/2:219-35.
289. Oosterbeek, H., and Webbink, D. (1995). 'Enrollment in Higher-Education in the Netherlands', Economist, 143/3: 367-80.
290. Oreopoulos, P. and K. G. Salvanes (2011). 'Priceless: The Nonpecuniary Benefits of Schooling.' Journal of Economic Perspectives 25/1: 159-84.
291. Osterman, P. (1995). 'Skill, Training, and Work Organization in American Establishments', Industrial Relations, 34/2: 125-46.
292. Parent, D. (1999). 'Wages and Mobility: The Impact of Employer-Provided Training', Journal of Labor Economics, 17/2: 298-317.
293. Parent-Thirion, A., Fernandez Macias, E., Hurley, J., and Vermeylen, G. (2007). Fourth European Working Conditions Survey, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities <> (accessed 18 November 2012).
294. Payne, J. (2000). 'The Unbearable Lightness of Skill: The Changing Meaning of Skill in UK Policy Discourses and Some Implications for Education and Training', Journal of Education Policy, 15/3: 353-69.
295. Peterson, M. D., Dodd, D. J., Alvar, B. A., Rhea, M. R. and Favre, M. (2008). 'Undulation Training for Development of Hierarchical Fitness and Improved Firefighter Job Performance', Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22/5: 1683-95.
296. Piore, P., and Sabel, C. (1984). The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity. New York: Basic Books.
297. Piva, M., Santarelli, E., and Vivarelli, M. (2005). 'The Skill Bias Effect of Technological and Organisational Change: Evidence and Policy Implications', Research Policy, 34/2: 141-57.
298. Prais, S. (1995). Productivity, Education and Training: An International Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
299. Quintini, G. (2011). 'Over-Qualified or Under-Skilled: A Review of Existing Literature'. OECD Publishing, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 121.
300. Reay, D., Davies, J., David, M., and Ball, S. J. (2001). 'Choices of Degree or Degrees of Choice? Class, "Race" and the Higher Education Choice Process', Sociology, 35/4: 855-74.
301. Redding, S. (1996). 'The Low-Skill, Low-Quality Trap: Strategic Complementarities between Human Capital and R&D', Economic Journal, 106 (March): 458-70.
302. Rees, G., Fevre, R., Furlong, J., and Gorard, S. (2006). 'History, Biography and Place in the Learning Society: Towards a Sociology of Life-Long Learning', in H. Lauder, P. Brown, J.-A. Dillabough, and A. H. Halsey (eds), Education, Globalization and Social Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
303. Reich, R. B. (1992). The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st Century Capitalism. New York: Vintage Books.
304. Renaud, S., Lakhdari, M., and Morin, L. (2004). 'The Determinants of Participation in Non-Mandatory Training', Relations Industrielles-Industrial Relations, 59/4: 724-43.
305. Ricardo, D. (1971). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
306. Rohrbach-Schmidt, D., and Tiemann, M. (2011). 'Mismatching and Job Tasks in Germany:Rising Over-Qualification through Polarization?', Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, 3/1: 39-53.
307. Rohrbach-Schmidt, D., and Tiemann, M. (2013). 'Qualification- and Skill-Based Mismatching in Germany', in F. Green and M. Keese (eds), Job Tasks, Work Skills and the Labour Market. Paris: OECD.
308. Ryan, P. (2000). 'The Institutional Requirements of Apprenticeship: Evidence from Smaller EU Countries', International Journal of Training and Development, 4/1: 42-65.
309. Ryan, P. (2001). 'The School-to-Work Transition: A Cross-National Perspective', Journal of Economic Literature, 39/1: 34-92.
310. Rychen, D. S. (2003). 'Key Competencies: Meeting Important Challenges in Life', in D. S. Rychen and L. H. Salganik (eds), Key Competencies for a Successful Life and a Well-Functioning Society. Göttingen: Hogrefe and Huber, 63-108.
311. Saget, C. (1999). 'The Determinants of Female Labour Supply in Hungary', Economics of Transition, 7/3: 575-91.
312. Sayers, S. (2005). 'Why Work? Marx and Human Nature', Science & Society, 69/4: 606-16.
313. Schneider, B. (2009). 'Challenges of Transitioning into Adulthood', in I. Schoon and R. K. Silbereisen (eds), Transitions from School to Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 265-92.
314. Schoon, I., and Duckworth, K. (2010). 'Leaving School Early-and Making It! Evidence from Two British Birth Cohorts', European Psychologist, 15/4: 283-92.
315. Schoon, I. and R. K. Silbereisen (2009). 'Conceptualising School-to-Work Transitions in Context', in I. Schoon and R. K. Silbereisen (eds), Transitions from School to Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3-29.
316. Schoon, I., Ross, A., and Martin, P. (2009). 'Sequences, Patterns, and Variations in the Assumption of Work and Family-Related Roles: Evidence from Two British Birth Cohorts', in I. Schoon and R. K. Silbereisen (eds), Transitions from School to Work. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 219-42.
317. Schuller, T., Preston, J., Hammond, C., Brassett-Grundy, A., and Bynner, J. (2004). The Benefits of Learning: The Impacts of Formal and Informal Education on Social Capital, Health and Family Life. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
318. Selz, M., and C. Thelot (2004). 'The Returns to Education and Experience: Trends in France over the Last Thirty-Five Years', Population, 59/1: 11-50
319. Seo, B., and Senauer, B. (2011). 'The Effect of Education on Health among US Residents in Relation to Country of Birth', Health Economics, 20/1: 45-55.
320. Serracant, P. (2012). 'Changing Youth? Continuities and Ruptures in Transitions into Adulthood among Catalan Young People', Journal of Youth Studies, 15/2: 161-76.
321. Shapiro, C., and Stiglitz, J. E. (1984). 'Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device', American Economic Review, 74/3: 433-44.
322. Shields, M. A., and Price, S. W. (1999). 'Ethnic Differences in the Incidence and Determinants of Employer-Funded Training in Britain', Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 46/5: 523-51.
323. Shury, J., Winterbotham, M., Davies, B., Oldfield, K., Spilsbury, M., and Constable, S. (2010). National Employer Skills Survey 2009. Wath-Upon-Dearne: UK Commission for Employment and Skills.
324. Sianesi, B., and van Reenen, J. (2003). 'The Returns to Education: Macroeconomics', Journal of Economic Surveys, 17/2: 157-200.
325. Silles, M. A. (2009). 'The Causal Effect of Education on Health: Evidence from the United Kingdom', Economics of Education Review, 28/1: 122-8.
326. Simon, H. A. (1955). 'A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69: 99-118.
327. Simpson, P. A., and Stroh, L. K. (2002). 'Revisiting Gender Variation in Training', Feminist Economics, 8/3: 21-53.
328. Smith, M., Burchell, B., Fagan, C., and O'Brien, C. (2008). 'Job Quality in Europe', Industrial Relations Journal, 39/6: 586-603.
329. Spence, M. (1973). 'Job Market Signalling', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87/3: 355-74.
330. Spenner, K. I. (1990). 'Skill: Meanings, Methods and Measures', Work and Occupations, 17/4: 399-421.
331. Spiess, C. K., and Wrohlich, K. (2010). 'Does Distance Determine who Attends a University in Germany?', Economics of Education Review, 29/3: 470-9.
332. Spitz-Oener, A. (2006). 'Technical Change, Job Tasks, and Rising Educational Demands:Looking outside the Wage Structure', Journal of Labor Economics, 24/2: 235-70.
333. Stasz, C. (2001). 'Assessing Skills for Work: Two Perspectives', Oxford Economic Papers, NS 53/3: 385-405.
334. Steedman, H., and McIntosh, S. (2001). 'Measuring Low Skills in Europe: How Useful Is the ISCED Framework?', Oxford Economic Papers, 53/3: 564-81.
335. Steinberg, R. J. (1990). 'Social Construction of Skill', Work and Occupations, 17/4: 449-82.
336. Steinberg, R. J., and Figart, D. M. (1999). 'Emotional Labor since the Managed Heart', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561: 8-26.
337. Stevens, M. (1994). 'An Investment Model for the Supply of Training by Employers', Economic Journal, 104 (May): 556-70.
338. Stevens, M. (1999). 'Human Capital Theory and UK Vocational Training Policy', Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 15/1: 16-32.
339. Streeck, W. (1989). 'Skills and the Limits of Neoliberalism: The Enterprise of the Future as a Place of Learning', Work, Employment and Society, 3/1: 89-104.
340. Streeck, W. (1991). 'On the Institutional Conditions of Diversified Quality Production', in E. Matzner and W. Streeck (eds), Beyond Keynesianism: The Socio-Economics of Production and Full Employment. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
341. Strietska-Ilina, O. (2004). 'Skill Shortages Enquiry by a Combined Method', in S. L. Schmidt, O. Strietska-Ilina, M. Tessaring, and B. Dworschak (eds), Identifying Skill Needs for the Future. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 76-86.
342. Sung, J., and Loke, F. (2011). You and your Work: Skills Utilisation in Singapore. Singapore: Institute for Adult Learning.
343. Sussman, D. (2002). 'Barriers to Job-Related Training', Perspectives on Labour and Income, 3/3: 5-12.
344. Teece, D. (2007). 'Explicating Dynamic Capabilities: The Nature and Microfoundations of (Sustainable) Enterprise Performance', Strategic Management Journal, 28: 1319-50.
345. Ter Weel, B. (2008). 'The Noncognitive Determinants of Labor Market and Behavioral Outcomes', Journal of Human Resources, 43/4: 729-37.
346. Thelen, K. (2004). How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, The United States, and Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
347. Trampusch, C. (2010). 'Employers, the State and the Politics of Institutional Change:Vocational Education and Training in Austria, Germany and Switzerland', European Journal of Political Research, 49: 545-73.
348. Tsai, H. Y., Compeau, D., and Haggerty, N. (2007). 'Of Races to Run and Battles to be Won: Technical Skill Updating, Stress, and Coping of IT Professionals', Human Resource Management, 46/3: 395-409.
349. Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D. (1986). 'Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions', Journal of Business, 59/4(2): S251-78.
350. Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D. (1992). 'Advances in Prospect Theory: Cumulative Representation of Uncertainty', Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5/4: 297-323.
351. Tyler, J. H. (2004). 'Basic Skills and the Earnings of Dropouts', Economics of Education Review, 23/3: 221-35.
352. UKCES (2009). Ambition 2020: World Class Skills and Jobs for the UK. London: UK Commission for Employment and Skills.
353. UKCES (2010). Skills for Jobs: Today and Tomorrow, ii. The Evidence Report. London:UK Commission for Employment and Skills.
354. Unwin, L. (2012). Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the role of Group Training Associations. London: Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies (LLAKES) <> (accessed 18 November 2012).
355. Vallas, S. P. (1990). ''The Concept of Skill: A Critical-Review', Work and Occupations, 17/4:379-98.
356. Van Reenen, J. (2011). 'Does Competition Raise Productivity through Improving Management Quality?', International Journal of Industrial Organization, 29/3: 306-16.
357. Veblen, T. (1899). The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions. New York: MacMillan.
358. Vignoles, A., Galindo-Rueda, F., and Feinstein, L. (2004). 'The Labour Market Impact of Adult Education and Training: A Cohort Analysis', Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 51/2: 266-80.
359. Wail, B., Hanchane, S., and A. Kamal (2011). 'A New Data Set of Educational Inequality in the World, 1950-2010: Gini Index of Education by Age Group' (July), SSRN <> (accessed 18 November 2012).
360. Wajcman, J. (1991). 'Patriarchy, Technology, and Conceptions of Skill', Work and Occupations, 18/1: 29-45.
361. Wajcman, J. (2010). 'Feminist Theories of Technology', Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34/1: 143-52.
362. Wall, T. D., and Wood, S. J. (2005). 'The Romance of Human Resource Management and Business Performance, and the Case for Big Science', Human Relations, 58/4: 429-62.
363. Walther, A. (2009). '"It Was Not My Choice, You Know?" Young People's Subjective Views and Decision-Making Processes in Biographical Transitions', in I. Schoon and R. K. Silbereisen (eds), Transitions from School to Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 121-44.
364. Warhurst, C., and Nickson, D. (2007). '"Who's Got the Look?" Emotional, Aesthetic and Sexualized Labour in Interactive Services', Gender, Work and Organisation, 16/3: 385-404.
365. Wasunna, B., Zurovac, D., Bruce, J., Jones, C., Webster, J., and. Snow, R. W (2010). 'Health Worker Performance in the Management of Paediatric Fevers following In-Service Training and Exposure to Job Aids in Kenya', Malaria Journal, 9/261, September.
366. Welford, A.T. (1968). Fundamentals of Skill. London: Methuen and Co.
367. White, R. J., and Green, A. E. (2011). 'Opening up or Closing down Opportunities? The Role of Social Networks and Attachment to Place in Informing Young Peoples' Attitudes and Access to Training and Employment', Urban Studies, 48/1: 41-60.
368. Whitfield, K. (2000). 'High-Performance Workplaces, Training, and the Distribution of Skills', Industrial Relations, 39/1: 1-25.
369. Wiborg, S., and Court, P. (2010). 'The Vocational Training System in Denmark: Continuity and Change', in G. Bosch and J. Charest (eds), Vocational Training: International Perspectives. London: Routledge, 84-109.
370. Wilson, R. (2010). 'Lessons from America: A Research and Policy Briefing', UK Commission for Employment and Skills, Briefing Paper Series, November.
371. Wolfe, B., and Zuvekas, S. (1997). 'Non-Market Outcomes of Schooling', International Journal of Educational Research, 27/6: 491-501.
372. Wood, S. J., and Bryson, A. (2009). 'High Involvement Management', in W. Brown, A. Bryson, J. Forth, and K. Whitfield (eds), The Evolution of the Modern Workplace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
373. Wooden, M., van den Heuvel, A., Cully, M., and Curtain, R. (2001). Barriers to Training for Older Workers and Possible Policy Solutions. Canberra: Australian Government, Department for Education, Employment and Work Relations.
374. Wright, Erik O., and Dwyer, R. E. (2003). 'Patterns of Job Expansions in the USA: A Comparison of the 1960s and 1990s', Socio-Economic Review, 1: 289-325.
375. Wright, P. M., McMahan, G. C., and McWillams, A. (1994). 'Human Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based Perspective', International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5/2: 301-26.
376. Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). 'Self-Efficacy: An Essential Motive to Learn', Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25: 82-91.
377. Zwick, T. (2006). 'The Impact of Training Intensity on Establishment Productivity', Industrial Relations, 45/1: 26-46.